1.
Space Ghost (TV series)
–
Space Ghost is an American animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. It first aired on CBS from September 10,1966, to September 7,1968, the series was composed of two unrelated segments, Space Ghost and Dino Boy in the Lost Valley. An alternative title, Space Ghost and Dino Boy, is used in records to differentiate it from Cartoon Networks late-night talk show Space Ghost Coast to Coast. The series was created by Alex Toth and produced and directed by William Hanna, Space Ghost, along with teenaged sidekicks Jan and Jace and their monkey Blip, fight villains in outer space. Usually, Space Ghosts sidekicks would get captured or trapped by the villains and his enemies included Zorak, Brak and his brother Sisto, Creature King, Black Widow, Lokar, Moltar, and Metallus. Dino Boy then meets the caveman Ugh and his pet Brontosaurus Bronty who become his friends in the episodes to come, the final two half-hour shows only feature Space Ghost. Additionally, they feature cameos from characters that would appear in their own Hanna-Barbera series broadcast on CBS that season, warner Home Video released Space Ghost and Dino Boy, The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1 on July 17,2007. The DVD edition presents the episodes on two double-sided DVDs, but alters the order from the original air-date order, Space Ghost at the Internet Movie Database Space Ghost and Dino Boy at TV. com
2.
Space Ghost Coast to Coast
–
Space Ghost Coast to Coast is an American animated parody talk show, created by Mike Lazzo and hosted by the 1960s Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Space Ghost. Space Ghost Coast to Coast was considered to be the first fully produced Cartoon Network original series, the first two seasons were presented as a serious talk show with subdued jokes, while the later seasons relied more on surrealism, non-sequiturs, and parodies. In 2001, it moved to the late night television block Adult Swim. Space Ghost Coast to Coast used the show format as its template. Various celebrities appeared on the show as guests and they were shown on a TV screen next to Space Ghosts desk, and unlike the characters, they were not animated. In early episodes of the show, Space Ghost apparently believed his guests were other superheroes and his interactions with guests were almost always painfully awkward, and sometimes hostile. It was sometimes hard to tell if guests were aware of the nature of the program on which they were appearing and their answers often did not match the questions coming from Space Ghost, because the questions were changed after the interview. Space Ghosts relationship with his co-workers was even worse and his bandleader, an evil talking mantis named Zorak, and his director/producer, a red-helmeted lava man named Moltar, worked for Space Ghost as punishment for their crimes. They frequently disrupted the show and made no secret of the fact that they hated him, most episodes of Space Ghost Coast to Coast were about 15 minutes in length, although there were a few 30-minute episodes. Cartoon Network often aired two episodes back-to-back to make a 30-minute programming block, in the first few years of the show, Cartoon Network would show episodes of the original 1960s and 1980s Space Ghost cartoons after the 11-minute episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast. In early seasons of the show, music was played by Zorak, the original theme song, Hit Single, was composed by free jazz guitarist Sonny Sharrock, performed by Sharrock on guitar, Lance Carter on drums, Eddie Horst on bass and Alfreda Gerald on vocals. Sharrock and Carter recorded a number of songs for the show, as a tribute to Sharrock, who died in May 1994 shortly after the show first aired, the episode Sharrock featured nearly fifteen minutes of unedited takes of music recorded for the show. Seasons 4–6 featured a new closing theme by Man or Astro-man. and in seasons the opening theme. Various other music was used as the theme song, including the CHiPs theme song for the episode titled CHiPs. An hour-long musical season finale for the 1998 season was planned, featuring the bands Yo La Tengo and Cornershop, Space Ghost Coast to Coast was created by Mike Lazzo after he was asked to create a cartoon to appeal to adults. The series premiered on April 15,1994, having aired initially at 11,00 pm ET on Friday nights, later, the program was moved to various late-night time slots, having usually been on weekends. In February 1995, an episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast was simulcast on Cartoon Network, TBS, in the special, Space Ghost interviewed a few of the new directors, while the Council of Doom were the judges of the cartoon clips. On September 2,2001, new episodes of the series, along with re-runs of the episodes, moved to Adult Swim
3.
Space Coast
–
The Space Coast is a region in the U. S. state of Florida around Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. All of NASA-launched manned spaceflights have departed from either KSC or Cape Canaveral, the Air Force Station has also launched unmanned military and civilian rockets. Cities in the area include Titusville, Cocoa, Rockledge, Cape Canaveral, Merritt Island, Cocoa Beach, Melbourne, Indialantic, most of the area lies within Brevard County. It is bounded on the south by the Treasure Coast and it is bounded on the west and north by Central Florida and is economically tied to that region. It is bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, one reason rockets are launched in Florida has to do with Earths rotation. Earth rotates most quickly at the equator, and to take advantage of this, in adding to the velocity of the rocket. When the area became too heavily populated to be served by one area code. If each number is pronounced individually—3,2, 1—the pronunciation resembles the countdown before liftoff, thus and his efforts were popular among local residents and resulted in success, the new code officially became effective on November 1,1999. Space Coast Office of Tourism Gold Coast Treasure Coast First Coast
4.
Cartoon Planet
–
Cartoon Planet was an American animated variety show that originally ran from 1995 to 1998, and from March 30,2012 to February 8,2014 on Cartoon Network. Cartoon Planet began as a block of cartoons hosted by Space Ghost, Zorak. They would introduce full cartoons from the Turner Entertainment library, such as old theatrical shorts and Hanna-Barbera cartoons, the host segments were often original songs and ad-libbed skits. New material ceased being made in 1997, and most of the songs, intros of the show during the early years featured Andy in the costume dancing to the mambo-style theme music or sitting in a chair reading a newspaper, falling asleep to lullaby baby music. For the first season of the show, the opening and closing songs were instrumental excerpts from No One Knows My Plan. Clips of numerous cartoons from the Turner library would often pop up spontaneously during segments of the show, especially during the music videos. These included Tom and Jerry, Popeye, Tex Avery cartoons, pre-August 1948 Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies shorts,2 Stupid Dogs, The Flintstones, The Jetsons, combining music, comedy, and musical comedy, Cartoon Planet skillfully steers clear of any semblance of sophisticated humor. The next thing you know, old Jeds a millionaire, Cartoon Planet spawned three soundtrack albums, Modern Music for Swinging Superheroes in 1996 Space Ghosts Musical Bar-B-Que in 1997, and Space Ghosts Surf & Turf in 1998. The albums consisted of songs and dialogue skits with different background music not used in the show, the series revival premiered on March 30,2012, featuring a much different format than the original series. Space Ghost, for instance, does not make an appearance, Zorak is also not trapped behind a console and is usually playing video games. Sometimes Zorak will get interrupted by Brak, causing him to get killed in the game and it airs in a format based on The Cartoon Cartoon Show, airing a variety of classic Cartoon Network shows in 7 or 11-minute segments per-cartoon. This allows for four or five different cartoons to be aired in the one hour timeslot. In October 2012, Cartoon Planet celebrated Cartoon Networks 20th birthday, the song paid tribute to the shows throughout the networks history. There have also been holiday-themed episodes featuring several of the Cartoon Network programming presented in a holiday-themed episode, halloween and Christmas themed episodes have appeared. However, other short-lived series, including Whatever Happened to, time Squad, Mike, Lu & Og, Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi and Squirrel Boy, did not air on the block. Starting on April 12,2013, the block began airing YTV and/or Teletoon, animation programming, in which the first were Scaredy Squirrel, Almost Naked Animals and Tom and Jerry Tales, breaking the shows tradition of only airing Cartoon Network original programming. From June 27,2013 to August 9,2013, the block aired on Thursdays at 1,30 pm ET, on August 30,2013, the block ran on a Friday night for the last time, before it was replaced by Pizza Night with Pizza Steve. However, it aired on Saturdays at 11,30 am ET, also, on November 4th,2013, the block started airing on weekdays at 2,00 pm ET
5.
Alex Toth
–
Alexander Alex Toth was an American cartoonist active from the 1940s through the 1980s. Toths work began in the American comic book industry, but he is known for his animation designs for Hanna-Barbera throughout the 1960s and 1970s. His work included Super Friends, Space Ghost, The Herculoids, Toths work has been resurrected in the late-night, adult-themed spin-offs on Cartoon Network, Space Ghost Coast to Coast, Sealab 2021 and Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law. He was inducted into the book industrys Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1990. Alex Toths talent was noticed early, and a teacher from his class in junior high school urged him to devote himself to art. Enrolling in the School of Industrial Art, Toth studied illustration and he began his career when he sold his first freelance art at the age of 15, subsequently illustrating true stories for Heroic magazine through a comic book packager named Steve Douglas. Although he initially aimed to do newspaper strips, he found the industry dying, after graduating from the School of Industrial Art in 1947, Toth was hired by Sheldon Mayer at National/DC Comics. Green Lantern #28 was one of the first comics he drew for the company and he drew four issues of All Star Comics including issues #38 and #41 in which the Black Canary first met the Justice Society of America and then joined the team. He worked at DC for five years, drawing the Golden Age versions of the Flash, Doctor Mid-Nite, in addition to superheroes, Toth drew Western comics for DC including All-Star Western. He was assigned to the Johnny Thunder feature in All-Star Western because editor Julius Schwartz considered him to be my best artist at the time, Toth and writer Robert Kanigher co-created Rex the Wonder Dog in 1952. For a brief time in 1950, Toth was able to realize his dream of working on comic strips by ghost illustrating Casey Ruggles with Warren Tufts. In 1952 Toth ended his contract with DC Comics and moved to California and it is during that time that he worked on crime, war and romance comics for Standard Comics. In 1954, Toth was drafted into the U. S. Army and stationed in Tokyo, while in Japan, he wrote and drew his own weekly adventure strip, Jon Fury, for the base paper, Depot Diary. Returning to the United States in 1956, Toth settled in the Los Angeles area, in that year, Toth became art director for the Space Angel animated science fiction show. This led to his being hired by Hanna-Barbera, where he created the character Space Ghost for the series of the same name. His other creations include The Herculoids, Birdman and the Galaxy Trio and he worked as a storyboard and design artist until 1968 and then again in 1973 when he was assigned to Australia for five months to produce the TV series Super Friends. He continued to work in books, contributing to Warren Publishings magazines Eerie, Creepy. For DC Comics, he drew the first issue of The Witching Hour, Toth illustrated the comic book tie-in to the Hot Wheels animated series based on the toy line
6.
William Hanna
–
After working odd jobs in the first months of the Depression, Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930. During the 1930s, Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on such as Captain. In 1937, while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Hanna met Joseph Barbera, the two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action/animated hybrid films. In 1967, Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $12 million, at that time, the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System, which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996, Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors. Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards and their cartoons have become cultural icons, and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films, books, and toys. Hanna-Barberas shows had an audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday. William Hanna was born to William John and Avice Joyce Hanna on July 14,1910 in Melrose and he was the third of seven children and the only son. Hanna claimed there was no war between the sexes nor sibling rivalry in their home, Hanna described his family as a red-blooded, Irish-American family. His father was a superintendent for railroads as well as water and sewer systems throughout the western regions of America. When Hanna was three years old, the moved to Baker City, Oregon, where his father worked on the Balm Creek Dam. It was here that Hanna developed his love of the outdoors, the family moved to Logan, Utah, before moving to San Pedro, California, in 1917. During the next two years they moved several times before settling in Watts, California, in 1919. In 1922, while living in Watts, he joined Scouting and he attended Compton High School from 1925 through 1928, where he played the saxophone in a dance band. His passion for music carried over into his career, he helped write songs for his cartoons, Hanna became an Eagle Scout as a youth and remained active in Scouting throughout his life. As an adult, he served as a Scoutmaster and was recognized by the Boy Scouts of America with their Distinguished Eagle Scout Award in 1985, despite his numerous career-related awards, Hanna was most proud of this Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. His interests also included sailing and singing in a barbershop quartet, Hanna studied both journalism and structural engineering at Compton City College, but had to drop out of college with the onset of the Great Depression. On August 7,1936, Hanna married Violet Blanch Wogatzke, in 1996, Hanna, with assistance from Los Angeles writer Tom Ito, published his autobiography—Joe Barbera had published his two years earlier. After dropping out of college, Hanna worked briefly as a construction engineer and he lost that job during the Great Depression and found another at a car wash
7.
Joseph Barbera
–
Through his young adult years, Barbera lived, attended college, and began his career in New York City. After working odd jobs and as a banker, Barbera joined Van Beuren Studios in 1932, in 1937, he moved to California and while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Barbera met William Hanna. The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry, in 1967, Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $12 million, but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991. At that time, the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System, Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards. Their cartoon shows have become icons, and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films, books. Hanna-Barberas shows had an audience of over 300 million people in the 1960s and have been translated into more than 20 languages. His family moved to Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York when he was four months old and he had two younger brothers, Larry and Ted, both of whom served in World War II. As a member of the United States Army, Larry participated in the invasion of Sicily, Ted was a fighter pilot with the United States Army Air Forces and served in the Aleutian Islands Campaign. Barberas father, Vincent, was the owner of three barbershops who squandered the family fortunes on gambling. By the time Barbera was 15, his father had abandoned the family, Barbera displayed a talent for drawing as early as the first grade. He graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn in 1928, while in high school, Barbera won several boxing titles. He was briefly managed by World Lightweight Boxing Champion Al Singers manager, in 1935, Barbera married his high school sweetheart, Dorothy Earl. In school, they had known as Romeo and Juliet. Barbera and his wife briefly separated when he went to California and they reunited but were on the verge of another separation when they discovered that Dorothy was pregnant with their first child. They had 4 children, two sons and two daughters, the marriage officially ended in 1963. Shortly after his divorce, Barbera met his wife, Sheila Holden, at Musso & Franks restaurant. Unlike Dorothy, who had preferred to stay at home with the children, during high school, Barbera worked as a tailors delivery boy. During the Great Depression, he tried unsuccessfully to become a cartoonist for a magazine called The NY Hits Magazine and he supported himself with a job at a bank, and continued to pursue publication for his cartoons
8.
Gary Owens
–
Gary Owens was an American disc jockey, voice actor, radio announcer and personality. His polished baritone speaking voice generally offered deadpan recitations of total nonsense, Owens was equally proficient in straight or silly assignments and was frequently heard on television and radio as well as in commercials. He was best known, aside from being the announcer on Laugh-In and he also played himself in a cameo appearance on Space Ghost Coast to Coast in 1998. Owens first cartoon-voice acting was performing the voice of Roger Ramjet on the Roger Ramjet cartoons and he later served as voice of the over-the-air digital network Antenna TV. Owens was born in Mitchell, South Dakota, the son of Venetta, an educator and county auditor, and Bernard Joseph Altman, a county treasurer and sheriff. Owens started his career in 1952 as a news reporter at KORN, Mitchell, South Dakota. In 1956 he left KORN for a job at KMA, Shenandoah, Iowa before moving on to a disc jockey job at KOIL, Omaha. Owens moved to KEWBs sister station KFWB in Los Angeles in 1961. From there, he joined the staff of KMPC in 1962, a gifted punster, Owens became known for his surrealistic humor. His regular on-air radio terms included krenellemuffin, as in Well be back in just a krenellemuffin, Gary always credited his radio engineer at the end of his broadcast, Id like to thank my engineer, Wayne Doo, for creebling at the turntables. He also created the previously non-existent colors veister and krelb, in the early 1960s, like punster-TV star comic colleagues Ernie Kovacs, Steve Allen, and Jonathan Winters, Gary Owens created a few comic characters of his own, such as the gruff old man Earl C. Festoon and his wife Phoebe Festoon, the stuffy old businessman Endocrine J. Sternwallow, another character was crotchety old cantankerous Mergenthaler Waisleywillow. Festoon would describe where cows were moving inbound on the freeways of Los Angeles. Often during these comedy sketches on the air, he would have the assistance of other comics, most notably Bob Arbogast, Stan Ross. According to IMDb, Owens appeared on eight episodes of the 1966-67 television series The Green Hornet and he also hosted its daily game show spin-off, Letters to Laugh-In, during its brief run in 1969. Initially, the Man was also to have had a chief, the segments were created by Sesame Street executive producer David Connell and referenced such tongue-in-cheek spy series as Get Smart and The Man from U. N. C. L. E. Despite the advance publicity, and Connells investment in the series, the combination of the Man from Alphabets constant bungling and problem solving attempts confused kids, and the lessons never came across. H. B. s role as the true problem-solver was not clearly understood, as assessed by Edward L. Palmer, The amount of truly effective educational content, relative to our goals, is virtual nil
9.
George Lowe
–
George Edward Lowe is an American voice actor and comedian. He continued to voice Space Ghost in several cameos in other programs for several years and he has also made recurring voice appearances on Aqua Teen Hunger Force and Robot Chicken. Born in Dunedin, Florida, Lowe grew up in nearby Brooksville, at age 15, Lowe got his first radio job with local station WWJB. He graduated from Hernando High School in 1975 and attended the Radio Engineering Institute of Sarasota, Lowe did occasional voice-over work for TBS throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, as well as occasional voice-overs for Cartoon Network in the mid 1990s. Lowes career as a voice actor began in 1994 with the premiere of Space Ghost Coast to Coast. Space Ghost Coast to Coast finished a run of new episodes on Cartoon Network/Adult Swim in 2004. Lowe has performed Space Ghosts voice more than any other role in his acting career, as Space Ghost, Lowe has served as the voice of the Cartoon Networks merchandise phone sales line. Lowe reprise his role as Space Ghost in the 2011 game Cartoon Network, Punch Time Explosion, Lowe recorded dialog for the film Radioland Murders, produced by George Lucas, but his scenes were cut from the final film. Lowe appeared as Dick, the executive officer of the fictional Bebop Cola company. He also plays the character of himself on Aqua Teen Hunger Force, in which he has a different occupation in every episode. Lowe also appeared as a unicorn on multiple episodes of Robot Chicken, Lowe is a recently recurring character in Artix Entertainment games. He returned for the AQW birthday event, which he narrated, Lowe has made another special guest voice appearance in the online game DragonFable for the Falconreach Idle event in November 2010, he voiced himself in a panel of three judges for the event. In the end Lowe is disgruntled by too many puns and transforms into George Lowe-viathan, in December 2010, it was announced that Lowe would be a fightable character in EpicDuel, ArtixEntertainments PvP MMO. It is now not only to fight Lowe, but you can hire him for mercenary work. After much trouble, the hero manages to free GLaDERP from an onboard virus, the station parodies the well known saga Tron, with the uniforms and several other extras. Lowe has done work for various media outlets and other companies. For example, San Francisco Bay Area active rock station KSAN-FM107.7 the Bone, Lowe also has done voiceovers for Cleveland rock station WNCX, the Fox, FX, and FXX television networks, and commercials for Dunkin Donuts and Capital One. His voice is heard on bumpers of Cumulus-produced The Mark Levin Show
10.
Andy Merrill
–
He is a graduate of Asbury University, where he majored in media communications. Merrill is also known for creating Adult Swims The Brak Show with Jim Fortier, Merrill joined Cartoon Network within several months of its inception, coming over from sister company CNN. He started working in programming, and in 1993 he and then head of programming Mike Lazzo helped put together the first animated late-night talk show and he voiced Space Ghost in the first of two unaired pilots for the show. In April 1994, Space Ghost Coast to Coast premiered on Cartoon Network, to date, the show has had over 90 episodes aired on television, and was one of the motivating forces behind the creation of the Adult Swim programming bracket started in 2001. He helped produce and write for the show for years, and voiced Council of Doom members Brak and Lokar, who would appear on the show periodically, mostly Brak. Merrill, along with Coast to Coast friend and co-star George Lowe, wrote on social media that their friend, the three of them, along with Dave Willis, Dana Snyder and Carey Means had been friends with each other since their days of working together. In 1995 a spin-off from SGC2C, Cartoon Planet, premiered on TBS, with Andy once again writing and producing the show and voicing the character of Brak. The three main characters on Cartoon Planet were Space Ghost, Zorak and Brak, and it was basically a show of skits, the show eventually just became made up fully of skits and songs. In 2000 two Sonny and Cher-style variety show premiered on Cartoon Network, titled Brak Presents the Brak Show Starring Brak. The show featured new animation, and new songs with celebrity guests, however, the specials were met with mixed reviews from fans. He left Atlanta briefly, moving to New Jersey for a year, Andy Merrill at the Internet Movie Database
11.
Superhero
–
A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine. Fiction centered on characters, especially in American comic books since the 1930s, is known as superhero fiction. By most definitions, characters do not require actual supernatural or superhuman powers or phenomena to be deemed superheroes, some superheroes use their powers to counter daily crime while also combating threats against humanity from supervillains, who are their criminal counterparts. Often at least one of these supervillains will be the superheros archenemy, some long-running superheroes such as Iron Man, Captain America, Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, and Spider-Man have a rogues gallery of many villains. The word superhero dates to at least 1917, antecedents of the archetype include such folkloric heroes as Robin Hood, who adventured in distinctive clothing. The 1903 play The Scarlet Pimpernel and its spinoffs popularized the idea of a masked avenger, during the 1940s there were many superheroes, and only a few of these were female. The Flash, Green Lantern and Blue Beetle debuted in this era, most of the other female costumed crime-fighters during this era lacked superpowers. The most iconic comic book superheroine, who debuted during the Golden Age, is Wonder Woman, inspired by the Amazons of Greek mythology, she was created by psychologist William Moulton Marston, with help and inspiration from his wife Elizabeth and their mutual lover Olive Byrne. Wonder Womans first appearance was in All Star Comics #8, published by All-American Publications, in 1952, Osamu Tezukas manga Tetsuwan Atom was published. The series focused upon a robot boy built by a scientist to replace his deceased son, the 1950s saw the Silver Age of Comics. During this era DC introduced the likes of Batwoman in 1956, Supergirl, Miss Arrowette,1958 saw the debut of superhero Moonlight Mask on Japanese television. In 1963, Astro Boy was adapted into a highly influential anime television series, Phantom Agents in 1964 focused on ninjas working for the Japanese government and would be the foundation for Sentai-type series. Another important event was the debut of Mazinger Z by Go Nagai, Go Nagai also wrote the manga Cutey Honey in 1973, although the Magical Girl genre already existed, Nagais manga introduced Transformation sequences that would become a staple of Magical Girl media. The dark Skull Man manga would later get a television adaptation, the protagonist was redesigned resemble a grasshopper, becoming the renowned first masked hero of the Kamen Rider series. Kamen Rider is a motorcycle riding hero in an insect-like costume, both major publishers began introducing new superheroines with a more distinct feminist theme as part of their origin stories or character development. Examples include Big Barda, Power Girl, and the Huntress by DC comics, and from Marvel, the second Black Widow, Shanna the She-Devil, and The Cat. In 1975 Shotaro Ishinomoris Himitsu Sentai Gorenger debuted on what is now TV Asahi, it brought the concepts of multi-colored teams, in 1978, Toei adapted Spider-Man into a live-action series. In subsequent decades, popular characters like Dazzler, She-Hulk, Elektra, Catwoman, Witchblade, Spider-Girl, Batgirl, volume 4 of the X-Men comic book series featured an all-female team as part of the Marvel NOW. branding initiative in 2013
12.
Late-night talk show
–
A late-night talk show is a genre of talk show popular in the United States, where the format originated. It is generally structured around humorous monologues about the news, guest interviews, comedy sketches. The late-night talk show format was popularized, though not invented, typically the shows host conducts interviews from behind a desk, while the guest is seated on a couch. Many late night talk shows feature a band which generally performs cover songs for the studio audience during commercial breaks. Late-night talk shows are a popular format in the United States, Shows that loosely resemble the format air in other countries, but generally air weekly as opposed to the nightly airings of those in the United States. They also generally air in time slots considered to be prime time in the United States and these shows aired once a week in evening time slots that would come to be known as prime time. The first version of The Tonight Show, Tonight Starring Steve Allen, the show created many modern talk show staples included an opening monologue, celebrity interviews, audience participation, comedy bits, and musical performances. As a result, unlike Broadway Open House, Tonight proved to be a resounding success, the success of the show led Allen to get another show, entitled The Steve Allen Show, which would compete with The Ed Sullivan Show on Sunday nights. Meanwhile, hosting duties of The Tonight Show were split between Allen and Ernie Kovacs, Kovacs had defected to NBC from his own show on the then-crumbling DuMont Television Network. Both Allen and Kovacs departed from Tonight in 1957 in order to focus on Allens Sunday night show, after the two left, the format changed similar to that of Today and was renamed Tonight. America After Dark and was hosted first by Jack Lescoulie and then by Al Collins while interviews were performed by Hy Gardner, the show was not popular leading to many NBC affiliates dropping the show. The show returned to the format that year and was renamed Tonight Starring Jack Paar. The even greater success of the show during Paars hosting resulted in many NBC affiliates re-airing the show. Paar permanently left the show in 1962, citing the reason that he could not handle the load of The Tonight Show, and he moved to his own weekly prime-time show. After Paars departure, hosting duties were filled by Groucho Marx, Mort Sahl, longtime guest host Johnny Carson took over as host of The Tonight Show in 1962 and the show was renamed The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Carson streamlined the format of the show, focusing more on entertainment personalities, tweaking the monologue to include more shorter jokes, Ed McMahon served as Carsons announcer while from 1962 to 1966 the band was led by Skitch Henderson, who hired, among others, Doc Severinsen. When Henderson left, Milton DeLugg took over, Severinsen took over in 1967, and served as bandleader with the NBC Orchestra. The show originated from NBC Studios in New York City but, as part of Carsons shifting the show toward a more entertainment-oriented program, moved to Burbank, California in 1972
13.
Flight
–
Flight is the process by which an object moves, through an atmosphere or beyond it, as in the case of spaceflight. This can be achieved by generating lift, propulsive thrust, aerostatically using buoyancy. Many things fly, from natural aviators such as birds, bats and insects to human inventions such as missiles, aircraft such as airplanes, helicopters and balloons, to rockets such as spacecraft. Humans have managed to construct lighter than air vehicles that raise off the ground and fly, an aerostat is a system that remains aloft primarily through the use of buoyancy to give an aircraft the same overall density as air. Aerostats include free balloons, airships, and moored balloons, an aerostats main structural component is its envelope, a lightweight skin that encloses a volume of lifting gas to provide buoyancy, to which other components are attached. Aerostats are so named because they use aerostatic lift, a buoyant force that does not require movement through the surrounding air mass to effect a lifting force. By contrast, aerodynes primarily use aerodynamic lift, which requires the movement of at least some part of the aircraft through the surrounding air mass. Some things that fly do not generate propulsive thrust through the air, for example, some other things can exploit rising air to climb such as raptors and man-made sailplane gliders. However most other birds and all powered aircraft need a source of propulsion to climb, the only groups of living things that use powered flight are birds, insects, and bats, while many groups have evolved gliding. The extinct Pterosaurs, an order of reptiles contemporaneous with the dinosaurs, were very successful flying animals. Each of these groups wings evolved independently, bats are the only mammals capable of sustaining level flight. Flying frogs use greatly enlarged webbed feet for a similar purpose, flying snakes also use mobile ribs to flatten their body into an aerodynamic shape, with a back and forth motion much the same as they use on the ground. Flying fish can glide using enlarged wing-like fins, and have been observed soaring for hundreds of meters and it is thought that this ability was chosen by natural selection because it was an effective means of escape from underwater predators. The longest recorded flight of a fish was 45 seconds. Most birds fly, with some exceptions, the largest birds, the ostrich and the emu, are earthbound, as were the now-extinct dodos and the Phorusrhacids, which were the dominant predators of South America in the Cenozoic era. The non-flying penguins have wings adapted for use under water and use the same wing movements for swimming that most other birds use for flight, most small flightless birds are native to small islands, and lead a lifestyle where flight would offer little advantage. Among living animals that fly, the wandering albatross has the greatest wingspan, up to 3.5 meters, most species of insects can fly as adults. Insect flight makes use of either of two basic models, creating a leading edge vortex, found in most insects, and using clap and fling
14.
Invisibility
–
Invisibility is the state of an object that cannot be seen. An object in this state is said to be invisible and this is known as transparency, and is seen in many naturally occurring materials. Invisibility perception depends on optical and visual factors. For example, invisibility depends on the eyes of the observer and/or the instruments used, thus an object can be classified as invisible to a person, animal, instrument, etc. In research on sensorial perception it has shown that invisibility is perceived in cycles. In illusion optics, invisibility is a case of illusion effects. This is known as active camouflage, though stealth technology is declared to be invisible to radar, all officially disclosed applications of the technology can only reduce the size and/or clarity of the signature detected by radar. On October 19,2006 a team effort of researchers from Britain, in filmmaking, people, objects, or backgrounds can be made to look invisible on camera through a process known as chroma keying. An artificially made meta material that is invisible to the microwave spectrum, engineers and scientists have performed various kinds of research to investigate the possibility of finding ways to create real optical invisibility for objects. Methods are typically based on implementing the techniques of transformation optics. Currently, a cloaking device does not exist. A2006 theoretical work predicts that the imperfections are minor, the technique is predicted to be applied to radio waves within five years, and the distortion of visible light is an eventual possibility. The theory that light waves can be acted upon the way as radio waves is now a popular idea among scientists. The agent can be compared to a stone in a river, around which water passes and this is the technique depicted in the 2000 television portrayal of The Invisible Man. Two teams of scientists worked separately to create two Invisibility Cloaks from metamaterials engineered at the nanoscale level and they demonstrated for the first time the possibility of cloaking three-dimensional objects with artificially engineered materials that redirect radar, light or other waves around an object. While one uses a type of fishnet of metal layers to reverse the direction of light, an observer looking at the cloaked object would then see light from behind it, making it seem to disappear. For a metamaterial to produce negative refraction, it must have a structural array smaller than the wavelength of the radiation being used. Valentines team created their fishnet material by stacking silver and metal dielectric layers on top of each other, the other team used an oxide template and grew silver nanowires inside porous aluminum oxide at tiny distances apart, smaller than the wavelength of visible light
15.
Hanna-Barbera
–
Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. was an American animation studio that dominated American television animation for over three decades in the mid 20th century. In late 1966, it was sold to Taft Broadcasting and spent two decades as its subsidiary and it is officially considered the very first major animation studio to successfully produce cartoons exclusively for television. For their achievements, Hanna and Barbera together won seven Academy Awards, eight Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, the pair was also inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 1993. Hanna-Barberas fortunes declined in the mid-1980s when the profitability of Saturday morning cartoons was eclipsed by weekday afternoon syndication, in late 1991, the animation studio was purchased from Taft by Turner Broadcasting System, who used much of its back catalog to program its new channel, Cartoon Network. After Turner purchased the company, Hanna and Barbera continued to serve as creative consultants, Turner merged with Time Warner in 1996 and the studio became a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Animation, into which Hanna-Barbera was absorbed after Hanna died in 2001, Cartoon Network Studios continued the projects for the channels output. Barbera went on to work for Warner Bros, Animation until his death in 2006. As of 2017, the studio exists as a unit used to market properties and productions associated with the Hanna-Barbera library. Melrose, New Mexico native William Hanna and New York City-born of Italian heritage Joseph Barbera first met while working at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio in 1939. Their first directorial production and collaboration was the Academy Award-nominated Puss Gets the Boot, Hanna and Barbera served as directors of the shorts for over 20 years, with Barbera in charge of the stories and pre-production and Hanna in charge of supervising the animation. Hanna also provided the screams, yelps and yells for Tom Cat, in addition to the series being nominated for twelve more Oscars, seven of the cartoons won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject between 1943 and 1953. The trophies were awarded to their producer Fred Quimby, who was not involved in the development of the shorts. In addition to their work on the cartoons, the two men moonlighted on outside projects, including the title sequences and commercials for the CBS sitcom I Love Lucy. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer decided in early 1957 to close its cartoon studio, as it felt it had acquired a reasonable backlog of shorts for re-release, Hanna and Barbera, contemplating their future while completing the final Tom and Jerry cartoons, began producing animated TV commercials. During their last year at MGM, they developed a concept for an animated TV program about a dog, a coin toss determined that Hanna would have precedence in the naming the new studio. Harry Cohn, president and head of Columbia Pictures, took an 18 percent ownership in Hanna and Barberas new company, H-B Enterprises, Screen Gems became the new studios distributor and its licensing agent, handling merchandizing of the characters from the animated programs. Sidney and several Screen Gems alumni became members of the board of directors. H-B Enterprises was one of the first American cartoon studios to produce cartoons specifically for TV broadcast
16.
CBS
–
CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
17.
Supervillain
–
A supervillain is a variant of the villainous stock character archetype commonly found in American comic books, sometimes possessing superhuman abilities. A supervillain is the antithesis of a superhero, Supervillains are often used as foils to present a daunting challenge to a superhero. Other traits may include megalomania and possession of considerable resources to further their aims, many supervillains share some typical characteristics of real world dictators, gangsters, and terrorists, with aspirations of world domination or universal leadership. Some notable examples of female supervillains are Catwoman, Mystique, Harley Quinn, Talia al Ghul, Supervillains are sometimes members of supervillain groups, such as the Sinister Six, the Suicide Squad, the Brotherhood of Mutants, the Injustice League, and the Masters of Evil. The dictionary definition of supervillain at Wiktionary Media related to Supervillains at Wikimedia Commons
18.
Talk show
–
A talk show or chat show is a television programming or radio programming genre in which one person discusses various topics put forth by a talk show host. Usually, guests consist of a group of people who are learned or who have experience in relation to whatever issue is being discussed on the show for that episode. Other times, a single guest discusses their work or area of expertise with a host or co-hosts, a call-in show takes live phone calls from callers listening at home, in their cars, etc. Sometimes, guests are already seated but are introduced and enter from backstage. There have been many notable talk show hosts, in many cases, there are several major formats of talk shows. Generally, each subgenre predominates during a specific programming block during the broadcast day, Breakfast chat or early morning shows that generally alternate between news summaries, political coverage, feature stories, celebrity interviews, and musical performances. Late morning chat shows that two or more hosts or a celebrity panel, and focus on entertainment and lifestyle features. Daytime talk shows, generally featuring a host, a guest or a panel of guests, and these shows may feature celebrities, political commentators, or ordinary people who present unusual or controversial topics. The hosts are often comedians who open the shows with comedy monologues, Sunday talk or political discussion shows are a staple of network programming in North America. These shows feature elected political figures and candidates for office, commentators, syndicated daytime shows may appear overnight in some markets, and some afternoon programs have similar structures to late night talk shows. These formats may vary across different countries or markets, Late night talk shows are especially significant in the United States. Breakfast television is a staple of British television, the daytime talk format has become popular in Latin America as well as the United States. Talk-radio host Howard Stern also hosted a show that was syndicated nationally in the USA. The tabloid talk show genre, pioneered by Phil Donahue but popularized by Oprah Winfrey was extremely popular during the last two decades of the 20th century, politics are hardly the only subject of American talk shows, however. Sports talk shows are very popular ranging from high-budget shows like The Best Damn Sports Show Period to Max Kellermans original public-access television cable TV show Max on Boxing. Craigslistin in Philly is a show you can attend at Plays & Players theatre in Philadelphia. The host is Aaron and they comment on and invite acts, to be considered one just has to post on craigslist mentioning the show in your post helps. Talk shows had been broadcast on television since the earliest days of the medium, joe Franklin, an American radio and television personality, hosted the first television talk show
19.
Cartoon Network
–
Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1,1992, the channel primarily broadcasts childrens shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It operates daily from 6,00 AM to 11,00 PM, a Spanish language audio track for select programs is accessible via second audio programing, some cable and satellite companies offer the Spanish feed as a separate channel. It is also the channel of Turner-owned Boomerang. As of January 2016, Cartoon Network is available to approximately 94.0 million pay television households in the United States, however, Turner kept much of MGMs film and television library made prior to May 1986 and formed Turner Entertainment. On October 3,1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library. In 1991, Turner Entertainment purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions for US $320 million, on February 18,1992, Turner Broadcasting System announced its plans to launch the Cartoon Network as an outlet for Turners considerable library of animation. Initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of classic Warner Bros. cartoons, the 1933–1957 Popeye cartoons, MGM cartoons, at first, cable providers in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D. C. and Detroit carried the channel. By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had an 8, from its launch until 1995, the networks announcers said the networks name with the word The added before Cartoon Network, thus calling the network The Cartoon Network. By the time that the network debuted, Cartoon Network also operated a block that aired on TNT. Cartoon Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract an audience, however, Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hour news coverage. Initially, the channel would broadcast cartoons 24 hours a day, late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white cartoons, and ToonHeads would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the cartoons. There was also an afternoon block called High Noon Toons. The majority of the animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer air on a regular basis, with the exception of Tom and Jerry. A challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing cable systems, when launched on October 1,1992, the channel was only carried by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package deals, New subscribers to sister channels TNT and TBS could also get access to Cartoon Network through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994, Cartoon Network had become the fifth most popular channel in the United States
20.
Adult Swim
–
Adult Swim is a programming block of the American cable network Cartoon Network that operates at night from 8,00 p. m. to 6,00 a. m. It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, the name comes from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults. Much of Adult Swims general content is known for its risqué, unorthodox, the network was granted its own Nielsen ratings report from Cartoon Network due to targeting a separate demographic. In the United States, Adult Swim has frequently aired adult animation features, anime, mockumentaries, sketch comedy, live-action, shows may have sexual themes, frank sexual discussion, nudity, strong language, and graphic violence. While the network features comedies and dramas of all types, many of its programs are aesthetically experimental, transgressive, improvised, Adult Swim has contracted with various studios known for their productions in absurd and shock comedy. In February 2015, Adult Swim was available to approximately 96,390,000 pay-television households in the United States, Cartoon Networks original head programmer Mike Lazzo conceived Adult Swim. The network grew out of Cartoon Networks previous attempts at airing content appropriate for teenagers, the network began experimenting with its late night programming by airing anthology shows like ToonHeads and Late Night Black and White, both of which presented uncensored classic cartoon shorts. Space Ghost Coast to Coast, one of Cartoon Networks first forays into original programming, was created in 1994 specifically for late night audiences. The series was created by Mike Lazzos Ghost Planet Industries, which eventually became Williams Street Studios, during early mornings in December 2000, several new Williams Street series made unannounced stealth premieres. Sealab 2021, Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, Aqua Teen Hunger Force and The Brak Show all premiered unannounced, the official schedules listed the shows as Special Programming. Adult Swim launched on September 2,2001 with the airing of the Home Movies episode Directors Cut. The first anime broadcast on Adult Swim also aired on the night of its launch, the block initially aired on Sunday nights, with a repeat of the same block on Thursday nights. On March 28,2005, Atlanta-based Turner Broadcasting System began recording Adult Swim Nielsen ratings separately from Cartoon Network for demographic purposes, promotions for Adult Swim are targeted towards the college age and those in their twenties and thirties, constituting the majority of their viewers. Adult Swim also had a direct and important role in the revival of two animated series, the aforementioned Family Guy and Futurama. On March 29,2004, less one year later, Fox announced it would be renewing Family Guy for a fourth season. Futurama was also revived in 2007 by Comedy Central for similar reasons, Adult Swim obtained Futuramas exclusive cable syndication rights in March 2002 for a reported $10 million, and the series first aired on the network in January 2002. These devices were in part of a guerrilla marketing advertising campaign. The next day, Boston authorities arrested two men involved with the incident, on February 5, Turner Broadcasting and marketer Interference, Inc. announced that they would pay $2 million in amends, one million to the city of Boston, and one million in goodwill funds
21.
DC Comics
–
DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from the popular series Detective Comics. Random House distributes DC Comics books to the market, while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market. DC Comics and its major, longtime competitor Marvel Comics together shared 70% of the American comic book market in 2016, entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in autumn 1934. The company debuted with the tabloid-sized New Fun, The Big Comic Magazine #1 with a date of February 1935. That title evolved into Adventure Comics, which continued through issue #503 in 1983, in 2009 DC revived Adventure Comics with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, created Doctor Occult. Wheeler-Nicholsons third and final title, Detective Comics, advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, the themed anthology series would become a sensation with the introduction of Batman in issue #27. By then, however, Wheeler-Nicholson had gone, Detective Comics, Inc. was formed, with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfelds accountant, listed as owners. Major Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year, but cash-flow problems continued, shortly afterward, Detective Comics, Inc. purchased the remains of National Allied, also known as Nicholson Publishing, at a bankruptcy auction. Detective Comics, Inc. soon launched a fourth title, Action Comics, Action Comics #1, the first comic book to feature the new character archetype—soon known as superheroes—proved a sales hit. The company quickly introduced such popular characters as the Sandman and Batman. That year, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, and kept only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, at that point, Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, National Periodical Publications became publicly traded on the stock market in 1961. The company began to move aggressively against what it saw as copyright-violating imitations from other companies, such as Fox Comics Wonder Man and this extended to DC suing Fawcett Comics over Captain Marvel, at the time comics top-selling character. Despite the fact that parallels between Captain Marvel and Superman seemed more tenuous, the courts ruled that substantial and deliberate copying of copyrighted material had occurred, faced with declining sales and the prospect of bankruptcy if it lost, Fawcett capitulated in 1955 and ceased comics publication
