1.
Mark Ruffalo
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Mark Alan Ruffalo is an American actor, humanitarian, social activist and film producer. He made his debut in an episode of CBS Summer Playhouse. He was part of the original cast of This Is Our Youth, following were his roles in 13 Going on 30, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Zodiac, and What Doesnt Kill You. In 2010, he starred in the psychological thriller Shutter Island, for the latter, he received nominations for the SAG Award, BAFTA Award, and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He also co-starred in the mystery films Now You See Me, Ruffalo gained international prominence by portraying the Marvel Comics character the Hulk in The Avengers and Avengers, Age of Ultron. The same year, he portrayed Dave Schultz in Foxcatcher, for which he was nominated for awards, including a Golden Globe, Ruffalo was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin. His mother, Marie Rose, is a hairdresser and stylist and he has two sisters, Tania and Nicole, and a brother, Scott. His father is of Italian descent, from Girifalco, and his mother is of half French Canadian, Ruffalo attended both Catholic school and progressive schools. Ruffalo has described himself as having been a kid, although he struggled from undiagnosed dyslexia and ADD as a child. Ruffalo spent his teen years in Virginia Beach, Virginia, where his father worked and he competed in wrestling in junior high and high school in Wisconsin and Virginia. With the Orpheus Theatre Company, he wrote, directed, and starred in a number of plays, Ruffalo had minor roles in films like The Dentist, the low-key crime comedy Safe Men and Ang Lees Civil War Western Ride with the Devil. He appeared opposite Tom Cruise as a detective in Michael Manns crime-thriller Collateral. In the mid 2000s, Ruffalo appeared as a lead in View From the Top,13 Going on 30, Just Like Heaven. In 2006, Ruffalo starred in Clifford Odets Awake and Sing. at the Belasco Theatre in New York, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play. In March 2007, he appeared in Zodiac as SFPD homicide inspector Dave Toschi, in 2007, Ruffalo played divorced lawyer Dwight Arno, who accidentally kills a child and speeds away, in Terry Georges film Reservation Road, based on the novel by John Burnham Schwartz. In 2008, Ruffalo starred as a con man in The Brothers Bloom with Adrien Brody and Rachel Weisz,2008 also saw Ruffalo in Brian Goodmans What Doesnt Kill You with Ethan Hawke and Amanda Peet, which was shown at the Toronto International Film Festival. In 2009, he played a role in the film Where The Wild Things Are as Maxs mothers boyfriend. In 2010, he co-starred in the Martin Scorsese thriller Shutter Island as U. S, marshal Chuck Aule, the partner of Leonardo DiCaprios character Teddy Daniels
2.
Michael Keaton
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Michael John Douglas, known professionally as Michael Keaton, is an American actor, producer, and director. In 2017, Keaton will play the role of Marvel Comics supervillian the Vulture in Spider-Man and he previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in Live from Baghdad and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Company. Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from both the Hollywood Film Festival and Zurich Film Festivals, on January 18,2016, he was named Officer of Order of Arts and Letters in France. He is also a scholar at Carnegie Mellon University. Keaton, the youngest of seven children, was born in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania and his father, George A. Douglas, worked as a civil engineer and surveyor, and his mother, Leona Elizabeth, a homemaker, came from McKees Rocks. Keaton was raised in a Roman Catholic family and he is partly of Irish descent. He attended Montour High School in Pennsylvania, Keaton studied speech for two years at Kent State University, where he appeared in plays, before dropping out and returning to Pittsburgh. Keaton first appeared on TV in Pittsburgh public television programs, including Where the Heart Is and Mister Rogers Neighborhood and he also served as a full-time production assistant on the show. In 2004, following Fred Rogers death, Keaton hosted a PBS memorial tribute program, Fred Rogers, Keaton also worked as an actor in Pittsburgh theatre, he played the role of Rick in the Pittsburgh premiere of David Rabes Sticks and Bones with the Pittsburgh Poor Players. Keaton left Pittsburgh and moved to Los Angeles to begin auditioning for various TV parts and he popped up in various popular TV shows including Maude and The Mary Tyler Moore Hour. He decided to use a name to satisfy SAG rules, as there were already an actor. The claim that Keaton selected his new surname due to an attraction to actress Diane Keaton is incorrect and he chose Keaton because of an affinity for the physical comedy of Buster Keaton. Keatons film debut came in a small non-speaking role in Joan Rivers film Rabbit Test and his role as the fast-talking schemer Bill Blaze Blazejowski earned Keaton some critical acclaim, and he scored leads in the subsequent comedy hits Mr. Mom, Johnny Dangerously and Gung Ho. He played the character in Tim Burtons 1988 horror-comedy Beetlejuice, earned Keaton widespread acclaim. He originally turned down the role, then reconsidered like most of the cast and he now considers Beetlejuice his favorite of his own films. That same year, he gave an acclaimed dramatic performance as a drug-addicted businessman in Clean. Keatons career was another major boost when he was again cast by Tim Burton. Warner Bros. received thousands of letters of complaint by fans who believed Keaton was the choice to portray Batman
3.
Rachel McAdams
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Rachel Anne McAdams is a Canadian actress. In 2002, she made her Hollywood film debut in the comedy The Hot Chick, McAdams rose to fame in 2004 with her roles in the comedy Mean Girls and the romantic drama The Notebook. In 2005, she starred in the romantic comedy Wedding Crashers, the psychological thriller Red Eye, and she was hailed by the media as Hollywoods new it girl, and received a BAFTA nomination for Best Rising Star. After a two-year career break, McAdams starred in two limited release films in 2008, the film noir Married Life and the road trip comedy-drama The Lucky Ones, in 2010, McAdams appeared in her first star vehicle, the comedy Morning Glory. In 2015, her highest profile roles were in the season of the HBO crime drama True Detective. For her performance in Spotlight, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Rachel McAdams was born in London, Ontario, the daughter of Sandra Kay, a nurse, and Lance Frederick McAdams, a driver and furniture mover. McAdams is the eldest of three children, with a sister, Kayleen, a celebrity make-up artist, and a brother and she grew up in a Protestant household. When she was four years old, she began figure skating, then skating became merely a hobby. She competed in skating until the age of eighteen, winning regional awards and she has since said that skating prepared her for physical acting, because it trained her to be in tune with her body. McAdams was educated at Myrtle Street Public School, and later Central Elgin Collegiate Institute and she did not enjoy academic work and often would pretend to be sick to avoid going to school. Nonetheless, she was active in student life, in addition to playing sports, McAdams served on the student council, participated in the Crimestoppers program, and was a member of the Peer Helping Team. She worked at a McDonalds restaurant during the holidays for three years. McAdams first developed an interest in performing when she was seven years old and she attended both Disney and Shakespeare summer camps as a child. From the age of twelve, McAdams participated in Original Kids Theatre Company, in her late teens, she directed childrens theatre productions. She also was involved in stage productions, most notably winning a performance award at the Sears Ontario Drama Festival. She was inspired by two of her teachers, who taught her English and drama, respectively, in the eleventh and twelfth grades. McAdams intended to take Cultural studies at the University of Western Ontario before being persuaded by her teacher that a professional acting career was a viable option
4.
Liev Schreiber
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Isaac Liev Schreiber, better known as Liev Schreiber, is an American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer. Schreiber is also a stage actor, having performed in several Broadway productions. In 2005, he won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in the play Glengarry Glen Ross and that year, he made his debut as a film director and writer with Everything Is Illuminated, based on the novel of the same name. He also narrates the HBO series 24/7, as well as various PBS programs, Schreiber was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Heather and Tell Carroll Schreiber, a stage actor and director. When Heather was 12, her mother was lobotomized and his mother has said that she named him after her favorite Russian author, Leo Tolstoy, while his father has stated that Schreiber was named after the doctor who saved his mothers life. His family nickname, adopted when Schreiber was a baby, is Huggy, when Schreiber was one year old, his family moved to Canada, winding up in the unincorporated rural area of Winlaw, British Columbia. Here, his half-brother, actor Pablo Schreiber, was born, prior to this time, according to Schreibers father, at the beginning of their marriage, Schreibers mother had a bad experience on LSD. Over the next four years, she was admitted to hospitals. After Schreibers father threatened to admit her to a mental institution, milgram, who was the most significant male in Schreibers youth, played the cello and owned Renoir etchings, and made his living by delivering meat to restaurants. When Schreiber was five, his parents divorced, his mother won custody, and they frequently had no electricity, hot water, or even beds. His mother was a highly cultured eccentric who supported them by splitting her time between driving a cab and creating papier-mâché puppets, on Schreibers 16th birthday, his mother bought him a motorcycle to promote fearlessness. Its both his grief and his gift and he endured her mood swings and bohemian proclivities, which included making him take Hindu names, wear yoga shirts, and forcing Liev, briefly, to go to an ashram school in Connecticut when he was 12. In high school, Liev played the bass clarinet, Schreibers mother also forbade Schreiber from seeing color movies. As a result, his actors were Charlie Chaplin and Basil Rathbone. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Schreiber, known then as Shiva Das, lived at the Satchidananda Ashram, Yogaville East, in Pomfret and he also abided by his mothers vegetarian diet. In retrospect, Schreiber said in a 2008 interview that he appreciates his mothers influences, saying, Since Ive had Sasha, and I think her choices were inspired. Subsequently, Schreiber attended Friends Seminary at the time as future actress Amanda Peet. Schreiber went on to Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, where he began his training at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
5.
John Slattery
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John M. Slattery, Jr. is an American actor and director. He has received four Primetime Emmy Awards nominations and two Critics Choice Television Awards for Mad Men and he was also part of the Mad Men ensemble cast that won two SAG Awards. In 2013, Slattery directed his first feature film, Gods Pocket, the film, based on a 1983 novel of same name by Pete Dexter, premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival, and was picked up for distribution by IFC Films. Slattery was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Joan, a retired CPA, and John Jack Slattery and he is one of six children. Slattery is of Irish descent and was raised Roman Catholic and he attended high school at St. Sebastians School in Needham, Massachusetts, and received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from The Catholic University of America in 1984. Slattery said when he was younger he loved both TV and movies, staying up late to them and making it very hard to wake up in the morning. As a young boy, he dreamed of being a baseball player, in March 2007, he began a series of appearances on Desperate Housewives portraying Victor Lang, Gabrielle Soliss second husband, until his characters death in Season 4. In December 2009, Slattery appeared on The Colbert Report in a commercial advertising gold. Slattery played Paul Moore, boyfriend of Katherine Watson in the film Mona Lisa Smile and he had a small part as a teacher in the film Sleepers. He also appeared as a government promoter in the Clint Eastwood feature Flags of our Fathers, Slattery narrates the audiobook version of Don DeLillos 2007 novel Falling Man, Stephen Kings 2008 psychological horror novel Duma Key, and Ernest Hemingways 1929 novel A Farewell to Arms. In 2015, Slattery portrayed journalist Ben Bradlee Jr. Slattery is an athlete who both skis and surfs. He married actress Talia Balsam in 1998, and together they have a son, broadway The Front Page,2016 John Slattery at the Internet Movie Database John Slattery at the TCM Movie Database John Slattery at AllMovie
6.
Stanley Tucci
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Stanley Tucci is an American character actor, writer, producer and film director. Tucci was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Lovely Bones and he won two Emmy Awards for his performances in Winchell and Monk. He was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children, for The One and his parents, both of Italian descent, had roots in Calabria. He is the oldest of three children, his sister is actress Christine Tucci, screenwriter Joseph Tropiano is a cousin. During the early 1970s, the family spent a year living in Florence and he attended John Jay High School, and SUNY Purchase, where he majored in acting and graduated in 1982. Among his classmates at SUNY Purchase was fellow acting student, Ving Rhames and it was Tucci who gave Rhames the nickname by which he is now known, Ving. His film debut was in Prizzis Honor and he performed at the Yale Repertory Theatre in 1991 in a Molière play. Tucci is known for his work in such as The Pelican Brief, Beethoven, Kiss of Death, Road to Perdition and Big Night. Big Night, which he starred in, co-wrote with his cousin Joseph Tropiano, the film also featured his sister Christine and their mother, who wrote a cookbook for the film. It won him and Tropiano the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay and he has been nominated three times for Golden Globes, and won twice – for his title role in Winchell, and for his supporting role as Adolf Eichmann in Conspiracy, both for HBO films. He also received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Winchell and he was nominated for Broadways Tony Award as Best Actor in a Play for his role as Johnny in the 2002 revival of Terrence McNallys Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune. In 2004, Caedmon Audio released an audiobook of Tucci reading Kurt Vonneguts 1973 novel Breakfast of Champions, in July 2006, Tucci made an appearance on the USA Network TV series Monk, in a performance that earned him a 2007 Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actor – Comedy Series. Tuccis TV series, the medical drama 3 lbs. debuted on CBS on November 14,2006 and he provides the voiceover in the AT&T Wireless Raising the Bar marketing campaign. In 2007, he had a role in medical drama ER. To prepare for the role, he consulted with retired FBI profiler John Douglas, the following year, Tucci directed a revival of the Ken Ludwig play Lend Me a Tenor on Broadway, starring Tony Shalhoub. Tucci played Dr. Abraham Erskine in 2011s Captain America, The First Avenger, in 2014, he portrayed the comedic Joshua Joyce in Transformers, Age of Extinction, a role he is set to reprise in its sequel The Last Knight. Tucci was co-owner of the Finch Tavern restaurant in Croton Falls and his cookbook, The Tucci Cookbook, was released in Autumn 2012. On September 24,2013, Variety and Entertainment Weekly reported that Tucci will guest voice-star in the adult animated series American Dad
7.
Howard Shore
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Howard Leslie Shore OC is a Canadian composer who is notable for his film scores. He has composed the scores for over 80 films, most notably the scores for The Lord of the Rings and he is also a consistent collaborator with director David Cronenberg, having scored all but one of his films since 1979. In addition to his three Academy Award wins, Shore has also won three Golden Globe Awards and four Grammy Awards, Shore was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the son of Bernice and Mac Shore. He started studying music at the age of 8 or 9 and he learned a multitude of instruments and began playing in bands at the ages of 13 and 14. By 17, he decided he wanted to pursue music in his life too. When Shore was 13, he met and became friends with a young man called Lorne Michaels in summer camp. He studied music at Berklee College of Music in Boston after graduating from Forest Hill Collegiate Institute, from 1969 to 1972, Shore was a member of the jazz fusion band Lighthouse. In 1970, he became the director for Lorne Michaels. Shore also suggested the name for The Blues Brothers to Dan Aykroyd, Shores first film score was to the low budget thriller I Miss You, Hugs and Kisses, followed by David Cronenbergs first major film, The Brood. He would go on to all of Cronenbergs subsequent films, with the exception of The Dead Zone. The first film he scored that was not directed by Cronenberg was Martin Scorseses After Hours, following that, he scored The Fly, again directed by Cronenberg. Two years later, he composed the score to Big, directed by Penny Marshall and he then scored two more of David Cronenbergs films, Dead Ringers and Naked Lunch. During 1991, Shore composed the score for the acclaimed film The Silence of the Lambs, starring Jodie Foster and Anthony Hopkins. He received his first BAFTA nomination for the score, the film became the third to win the five major Academy Awards. Shore is the only living composer to have scored a Top Five Oscar-winning film, during 1993, he composed the scores for M. Butterfly, Philadelphia, and Mrs. Doubtfire, directed by Chris Columbus. The latter two films were successful, Philadelphia winning Tom Hanks his first Oscar. Shore scored another three films in 1994, The Client, Ed Wood, and Nobodys Fool, Ed Wood is notable for being one of the three films directed by Tim Burton that did not feature a score by Danny Elfman. Shore also composed the score of the 2000 film The Cell, major success came in 2001 with his score to The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, the first film in the highly acclaimed The Lord of the Rings trilogy
8.
Participant Media
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Participant Media is an American film production company founded in 2004 by Jeffrey Skoll, dedicated to entertainment that inspires and compels social change. The company finances and co-produces films, and its hub, TakePart serves millions of socially conscious consumers each month with daily articles, videos. The companys name descriptively politicizes its basis on currently topical subjects presented to induce awareness in social aspects. The company has produced, financed, or co-produced over 75 films and its films have been nominated for 50 Academy Awards, and have won 11, including Best Picture for Spotlight. The company was founded in January 2004 as Participant Productions by Jeffrey Skoll, with $100 million in cash from Skolls personal funds, Skoll was the companys first chief executive officer, but stepped down from that position in August 2006. Participant Productions initial plans were to produce four to six films per year, the company focused on films in six areas – the environment, health care, human rights, institutional responsibility, peace and tolerance, and social and economic justice. It evaluated projects by running them past its creative executives first, assessing their cost and commercial viability second, once the decision was made to go ahead with production, the company reached out to non-profit organizations to ask them to build campaigns around the release. In some cases, the studio has spent years creating positive word-of-mouth with advocacy groups, the new company quickly announced an ambitious slate of productions. Its first film was the drama film American Gun, with equity partner IFC Films, two weeks later, the company announced a co-production deal with Warner Bros. on two films – the geopolitical thriller film Syriana and the drama film Class Action (later re-titled North Country. Participant Productions contributed half the budget of each film and its fourth production, a documentary film, was announced in November 2004. In 2005, the company suffered its first stumble and it again agreed to co-finance a picture with Warner Bros. this time Vadim Perelmans second feature, Truce. Although Perelman claimed he had never been moved by a script to such an extent, North Country did poorly at the box office despite having recent Academy Award-winner Charlize Theron in the lead. The World According to Sesame Street never found a distributor for theatrical release, the company announced in March 2005 that it would executive co-produce the Warner Bros. drama film Good Night, and Good Luck. A month later, it bought the rights to the documentary film Murderball in return for an equity stake in the film. It also executive produced and co-financed Al Gores global-warming documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, as heavier production scheduling grew, the company added staff. Ricky Strauss was named first president in March 2005, with oversight of production, marketing, diane Weyermann, director of the Sundance Institutes Documentary Film Program, joined the company in October 2005 as Executive Vice President of Documentary Production. The companys non-film-production efforts continued to grow as well, the company provided an undisclosed amount of financing in February 2005 to film distributor Emerging Pictures to finance that companys national network of digitally equipped cinemas. The company had a very successful 2005 awards season, with eleven Academy Award nominations, Good Night, and Good Luck garnered six nominations, including Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Director, Best Picture, Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Original Screenplay
9.
Open Road Films
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Open Road Films is an American film production and distribution company based in Los Angeles, California. It was launched in March 2011 by the two largest U. S. theatrical exhibitors, AMC Theatres and Regal Entertainment Group. In March 2011, rival theater chains AMC Entertainment and Regal Entertainment Group announced the hiring of Tom Ortenberg as Chief Executive Officer of their new production company, Open Road Films. The studio released its first film, Killer Elite, on 23 September 2011, directed by Gary McKendry and starring Jason Statham, Clive Owen and Robert De Niro. Open Roads 2015 film Spotlight received six Academy Award nominations and became the winner for Best Picture at the 88th Academy Awards. These were the first Oscar wins for the company, in June 2011, a few months after it started operations, Open Road Films signed a pay-TV deal with Netflix, which expires in 2016. In October 2013, the signed a pay-TV deal with Showtime that begins in 2017. Open Road distributes their films to other countries as well, through another distributor originating in that country
10.
72nd Venice International Film Festival
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The 72nd annual Venice International Film Festival took place from 2 to 12 September 2015. Alfonso Cuarón served as the President of the Jury for the main competition, a restored version of Federico Fellinis film Amarcord was shown at the festival. The Venezuelan film From Afar by Lorenzo Vigas won the Golden Lion award, everest was selected as the festivals opening night film, while Guan Hus drama film Mr. Six served as the closing night film. Actress and director Elisa Sednaoui hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the festival, the festival honoured Brian De Palma with Glory to the Filmmaker Award and a documentary film titled De Palma by Noah Baumbach and Jake Paltrow also screened at the festival. Jonathan Demme received the Persol Tribute to Visionary Talent Award, who served as the President of Horizons section jury
11.
Biographical film
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A biographical film, or biopic, is a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people. Such films show the life of a person and the central characters real name is used. Because the figures portrayed are actual people, whose actions and characteristics are known to the public, biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses. Biopic scholars include George F. Custen of the College of Staten Island, Custen, in Bio/Pics, How Hollywood Constructed Public History, regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era, and in particular, Darryl F. Zanuck. On the other hand, Binghams 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway, ellen Cheshires Bio-Pics, a life in pictures examines UK/US films from the 1990s and 2000s. Each chapter reviews key films linked by profession and concludes with further viewing list, christopher Robé has also written on the gender norms that underlie the biopic in his article, Taking Hollywood Back in the 2009 issue of Cinema Journal. The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable, some biopics purposely stretch the truth. Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was based on game show host Chuck Barris widely debunked yet popular memoir of the same name, Kafka incorporated both the life of author Franz Kafka and the surreal aspects of his fiction. The Errol Flynn film They Died with Their Boots On tells the story of Custer but is highly romanticized, casting can be controversial for biographical films. Casting is often a balance between similarity in looks and ability to portray the characteristics of the person, anthony Hopkins felt that he should not have played Richard Nixon in Nixon because of a lack of resemblance between the two. The casting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan in The Conqueror was objected to because of the American Wayne being cast as the Mongol warlord. Egyptian critics criticized the casting of Louis Gossett, Jr. an African American actor, also, some objected to the casting of Jennifer Lopez in Selena because she is a New York City native of Puerto Rican descent while Selena was Mexican-American. Biographical novel Biography in literature List of biographical films
12.
The Boston Globe
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The Boston Globe is an American daily newspaper based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1872 by Charles H. Taylor, it was held until 1973. The company was acquired in 1993 by The New York Times Company, in 2011, a BostonGlobe. com subscription site was launched. In 2013, the newspaper and websites were purchased by John W. Henry, the Boston Globe has been awarded 26 Pulitzer Prizes since 1966, and its chief print rival is the Boston Herald. The Boston Globe was founded in 1872 by six Boston businessmen, including Charles H. Taylor and Eben Jordan, the first issue was published on March 4,1872, and cost four cents. Originally a morning daily, it began a Sunday edition in 1877, in 1878, The Boston Globe started an afternoon edition called The Boston Evening Globe, which ceased publication in 1979. By the 1890s, The Boston Globe had become a stronghold, in 1964, Tom Winship succeeded his father, Larry Winship, as editor. The younger Winship transformed The Globe from a local paper into a regional paper of national distinction. He served as editor until 1984, during which time the paper won a dozen Pulitzer Prizes, the Boston Globe was a private company until 1973 when it went public under the name Affiliated Publications. It continued to be managed by the descendants of Charles H. Taylor, in 1993, The New York Times Company purchased Affiliated Publications for US$1.1 billion, making The Boston Globe a wholly owned subsidiary of The New York Times parent. The Jordan and Taylor families received substantial New York Times Company stock, Boston. com, the online edition of The Boston Globe, was launched on the World Wide Web in 1995. Consistently ranked among the top ten websites in America, it has won numerous national awards. Under the helm of editor Martin Baron and then Brian McGrory, the Boston Globe is credited with allowing Peter Gammons to start his Notes section on baseball, which has become a mainstay in all major newspapers nationwide. In 2004, Gammons was selected as the 56th recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for outstanding baseball writing, given by the BBWAA, and was honored at the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 31,2005. In 2007, Charlie Savage, whose reports on President Bushs use of signing statements made national news, the Boston Globe has consistently been ranked in the forefront of American journalism. The Boston Globe hosts 28 blogs covering a variety of topics including Boston sports, local politics, on April 2,2009, The New York Times Company threatened to close the paper if its unions did not agree to $20,000,000 of cost savings. Some of the cost savings include reducing union employees pay by 5%, ending pension contributions, the Boston Globe eliminated the equivalent of fifty full-time jobs, among buy-outs and layoffs, it swept out most of the part-time employees in the editorial sections. The papers other three major unions had agreed to concessions on May 3,2009, after The New York Times Company threatened to give the government 60-days notice that it intended to close the paper
13.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
14.
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
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The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917 and it is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win. As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists, finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award, in its first 97 years to 2013, the Public Service Pulitzer was awarded 96 times. There were four years for which no award was given, in 1950,1951,1953,1955 and 1959, prizes were awarded to two newspapers. A reporter was first named in 1947, recently that has more common. 1919, Milwaukee Journal, for its strong and courageous campaign for Americanism in a constituency where foreign elements made such a policy hazardous from a point of view. 1920, no award given 1921, Boston Post, for its exposure of the operations of Charles Ponzi by a series of articles which finally led to his arrest. 1922, New York World, for exposing the operations of the Ku Klux Klan. 1923, Memphis Commercial Appeal, for its courageous attitude in the publication of cartoons,1928, Indianapolis Times, for its work in exposing political corruption to Indiana, prosecuting the guilty and bringing about a more wholesome state of affairs in civil government. 1930, no award given 1931, The Atlanta Constitution, for a successful municipal graft exposure,1932, Indianapolis News, for its successful campaign to eliminate waste in city management and to reduce the tax levy. McKee, and the exposing the lottery schemes of various fraternal organizations. 1934, Medford Mail Tribune, for its campaign against unscrupulous politicians in Jackson County,1935, The Sacramento Bee, for its campaign against political machine influence in the appointment of two Federal judges in Nevada. 1936, Cedar Rapids Gazette, for its crusade against corruption,1937, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its exposure of wholesale fraudulent registration in St. Louis. 1938, Bismarck Tribune, for its news reports and editorials entitled,1939, Miami Daily News, for its campaign for the recall of the Miami City Commission. 1940, Waterbury Republican & American, for its campaign exposing municipal graft,1941, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its successful campaign against the city smoke nuisance. 1942, Los Angeles Times, for its campaign which resulted in the clarification and confirmation for all American newspapers of the right of free press as guaranteed under the Constitution. 1943, Omaha World-Herald, for its initiative and originality in planning a campaign for the collection of scrap metal for the war effort
15.
Brian d'Arcy James
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Brian dArcy James is an American actor and musician. The actors middle name by birth is dArcy, as there was another actor named Brian James in Equity, he uses his full name as his professional name. He graduated from Northwestern Universitys School of Communication and he received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical in 2002 for his portrayal of Sidney Falco in Sweet Smell of Success, co-starring John Lithgow. He received an Obie Award for his performance in the one-man play The Good Thief by Conor McPherson, additional Broadway credits include playing Frederick Barrett in Titanic, Lincoln Centers Carousel, and Blood Brothers. He appeared in Martin McDonaghs The Lieutenant of Inishmore on Broadway, replaced Norbert Leo Butz in Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, in 2004, he released a Christmas album titled From Christmas Eve to Christmas Morn. He was the Broadway version of Bob Wallace, whose character was originated by Bing Crosby and he played the role of Dan Goodman in the new musical Next to Normal Off-Broadway at Second Stage Theatre in 2008. He then starred opposite Sutton Foster and Christopher Sieber as the character in Shrek the Musical. The show began previews on Broadway November 8,2008 and opened on December 14 at The Broadway Theatre after a tryout in Seattle. For this role he won the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical and he was also nominated for the Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical for his portrayal. He departed the cast after one year in the role and was replaced by Ben Crawford, James starred in the Broadway play, Time Stands Still which began preview performances on January 5,2010 and officially opened on January 25 at the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre. The show ended its run on March 27,2010. For this role he won the broadway. com Audience Award for Favorite Featured Actor in a Play and he reprised the role of Dan Goodman in the Broadway company of Next to Normal at the Booth Theatre. He replaced J. Robert Spencer beginning May 17,2010, James ended his limited engagement on July 18,2010 and was replaced by Jason Danieley. He returned to Time Stands Still when the returned to Broadway. It closed on January 30,2011, James was part of the cast of the NBC musical series Smash, playing Frank, who was the husband of Debra Messings character. NBC officially picked up Smash as a series on May 11,2011, the program made its series premiere on February 6,2012. He did not return to the show as a regular for its second. James starred in Torstein Blixfjords 2012 short film Bird In A Box and he co-hosted the 57th Drama Desk Awards with Brooke Shields on June 3,2012
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Billy Crudup
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William Gaither Billy Crudup is an American actor. In 2017 Crudup is set to appear in Ridley Scotts science-fiction film Alien, Covenant and he has also had an extensive stage acting career, appearing mostly on Broadway. He has been nominated four times for a Tony Award for his acting, from 1998 to 2005, Crudup was the narrator for Priceless, a popular U. S. television ad campaign for MasterCard. Crudup was born in Manhasset, New York and his parents, Georgann and Thomas Henry Crudup III, divorced during his childhood, and later remarried, before divorcing a second time. His maternal grandfather was William Cotter Billy Gaither, Jr. a well-known Florida trial lawyer, Crudup has two brothers, Tommy, an executive producer, and Brooks, also a producer. He left New York with his family when he was eight years old, first living in Texas. He graduated from Saint Thomas Aquinas High School in Fort Lauderdale, Crudup attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he received an undergraduate degree, and he continued his passion for acting with the undergraduate acting company, LAB. He also acted for UNC-STVs most popular show, General College and he was a member of the Beta Chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon. He then studied at the Graduate Acting Program at New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts, Crudup began acting in films such as 1996s Sleepers, 1997s Inventing the Abbotts and 1998s Without Limits, where he played the role of running legend and Olympian Steve Prefontaine. His first role in a feature was in 1999s English release of Princess Mononoke. He then played Russell Hammond, the guitar player of the fictional band Stillwater in Cameron Crowes Almost Famous. In 2006s The Good Shepherd, he played British spy Arch Cummings, the same year, he played a supporting role in Mission, Impossible III. Crudup completed Watchmen with director Zack Snyder in Vancouver, British Columbia and he portrayed the superhero Doctor Manhattan. He portrayed former U. S. Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner in a TV film about 2008s financial crisis, a year after graduating, he made his debut on Broadway in the Lincoln Center Theater production of Tom Stoppards Arcadia. He starred in The Metal Children, a play written. In 2011, Crudup received a Tony Award nomination for Featured Actor in a Play for his role in the Broadway revival of Arcadia. In August 2013, he co-starred with Ian McKellen and Patrick Stewart in the Harold Pinter play No Mans Land as well as in Waiting for Godot at the Berkeley Repertory Theatre. The shows transferred to The Cort Theatre in New York City, from 1998 to 2005, Crudup was the narrator for the Priceless television ads for MasterCard
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2015 Toronto International Film Festival
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The 40th annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from 10 to 20 September 2015. On 28 July 2015 the first wave of films to be screened at the Festival was announced, jean-Marc Vallées Demolition starring Jake Gyllenhaal and Naomi Watts was the opening night film, Mr. Right by Paco Cabezas was the closing night film. The years edition included two new sections called Platform and Primetime, at Platform, twelve films will be screened in front of a jury, with the Best Film winning C$25,000. Film directors Claire Denis, Jia Zhangke, and Agnieszka Holland were selected as the jurors for this section, at Primetime, six high-quality television programs will be presented at public screenings with Question and Answer sessions with show creators. The lineups for the TIFF Docs, Vanguard, Midnight Madness, more than 100 films were added to the festivals programme on 18 August. The new program titled In Conversation replaced the Maverick section, the Festival reported that TIFF2015 had a record high industry attendance, with 5,450 delegates from 80 countries, a 7% increase over 2014. The festivals final awards were announced on 20 September. D, by Barbara Kopple The Music of Strangers, Yo-Yo Ma and the Silk Road Ensemble by Morgan Neville Nasser by Jihan El-Tahri Ninth Floor by Mina Shum Our Last Tango by German Kral P. S. L. Fritz Bauer by Lars Kraume Price of Love by Hermon Hailay Rams by Grímur Hákonarson Schneider vs
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Boston Police Department
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The Boston Police Department, dating back to 1838, holds the primary responsibility for law enforcement and investigation within the city of Boston, Massachusetts. It is the first in the nation, the BPD is also the 20th largest law enforcement agency in the country and the 3rd largest in New England behind the Massachusetts State Police and the Massachusetts Department of Correction. Before the existence of a police department, the first night watch was established in Boston in 1635. In 1703, pay in the sum of 35 shillings a month was set for members of the night watch. In 1796, the watch was reorganized, and the watchmen carried a badge of office, a rattle, and a pole, which was painted blue and white with a hook on one end. The hook was used to grab fleeing criminals, and the bill was used as a weapon. The rattle was a device used for calling for assistance. The Day Police, which had no connection to the watch, was organized in 1838. The Day Police operated under the city marshal and had six appointed officers and this organization would eventually lead to the establishment of the modern-day Boston Police Department. In 1838, a bill passed in the General Court that allowed the city to appoint police officers, the Boston Police Department was formally founded in May 1854, at which point both the night watch and Day Police were disbanded. A fourteen-inch club replaced the old hook and bill, which had been in use for one hundred, at the time of its founding, the Boston Police constituted one of the first paid, professional police services in the United States. The department was organized and modeled after Sir Robert Peels Metropolitan Police Service. On November 3,1851, the first Irish born Boston Police officer, at the time, the police salary of $2.00 a day for the morning and afternoon beat and $1.20 for the night watch was nearly twice as high as the wages of laborers. On January 5,1852, shortly before the elected mayor Benjamin Seaver took office. McGinniskin was discharged from the Boston Police for no reason than he was a Catholic. McGinniskin became a United States inspector at the customhouse and died of rheumatism on March 2,1868, McGinniskin is buried in the St. Augustine Cemetery in South Boston. On October 18,1857, at about 5,15 a. m, Boston Police Officer Ezekiel W. Hodsdon was patrolling the Corner of Havre and Maverick Street in East Boston. Hodsdon attempted to arrest two suspects for a burglary, a struggle ensued, and one of the suspects was able to get behind Hodsdon and shoot him in the head
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Child molestation
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Child sexual abuse or child molestation is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in activities with a child, indecent exposure, child grooming. Child sexual abuse can occur in a variety of settings, including home, school, Child marriage is one of the main forms of child sexual abuse, UNICEF has stated that child marriage represents perhaps the most prevalent form of sexual abuse and exploitation of girls. Sexual abuse by a member is a form of incest and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma. The global prevalence of sexual abuse has been estimated at 19. 7% for females and 7. 9% for males. Most child sexual abuse is committed by men, studies on female child molesters show that women commit 14% to 40% of offenses reported against boys, Child sexual abuse can result in both short-term and long-term harm, including psychopathology in later life. While children may exhibit regressive behaviours such as thumb sucking or bedwetting, teenage pregnancy and risky sexual behaviors may appear in adolescence. Child sexual abuse victims report almost four times as many incidences of self-inflicted harm, a well-documented, long-term negative effect is the repeated or additional victimization in adolescence and adulthood. A causal relationship has been found between childhood sexual abuse and various adult psychopathologies, including crime and suicide, in addition to alcoholism, males who were sexually abused as children more frequently appear in the criminal justice system than in a clinical mental health setting. A study comparing middle-aged women who were abused as children with non-abused counterparts found significantly higher health costs for the former. Intergenerational effects have been noted, with the children of victims of sexual abuse exhibiting more conduct problems, peer problems. A specific characteristic pattern of symptoms has not been identified, studies have found that 51% to 79% of sexually abused children exhibit psychological symptoms. The risk of harm is if the abuser is a relative, if the abuse involves intercourse or attempted intercourse. The level of harm may also be affected by factors such as penetration, duration and frequency of abuse. The social stigma of child abuse may compound the psychological harm to children. When severe sexual abuse had occurred, dissociative symptoms were more prominent. Besides dissociative identity disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, child sexual abuse survivors may present borderline personality disorder, other studies have found an independent association of child sexual abuse with adverse psychological outcomes. A1998 meta-analysis by Bruce Rind et al, the study was criticized for flawed methodology and conclusions
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Monsignor
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Monsignor is an honorific form of address for those members of the clergy of the Catholic Church including bishops, honorary prelates and canons. In some cases, these ecclesiastical honorific titles derive from the pope and these are granted to individuals who have rendered valuable service to the Church, or who provide some special function in Church governance, or who are members of bodies such as certain chapters. The title is never bestowed on those classified as religious in Catholicism, although in some languages the word is used as a form of address for bishops, which is indeed its primary use in those languages, this is not customary in English. Monsignor is the form of the Italian monsignore, from the French mon seigneur. It is abbreviated Mgr, Msgr, or Mons, Monsignor is a form of address, not an appointment, properly speaking, one cannot be made a monsignor or be the monsignor of a parish. The title or form of address is associated with certain papal awards, apart from those working in the Roman Curia and the diplomatic service of the Holy See, it is usually on the proposal of the local bishop that the Pope grants this title to Catholic diocesan clergy. The grant is subject to criteria of the Holy See that include a minimum age, soon after his election in March 2013, Pope Francis suspended the granting of the honorific title of Monsignor except to members of the Holy Sees diplomatic service. He himself, during his 15 years as archbishop of Buenos Aires, never asked any of his priests receive the title. Grants already made were not revoked, also unaffected is the association of the style with the office of vicar general, an appointment made by the bishop of the diocese, not by the Pope. Without necessarily being a protonotary apostolic, a diocesan priest has that titular rank as long as he remains in office, the written form of address for such a priest is Monsignor or The Reverend Monsignor. The spoken form of address is Monsignor, the 1969 Instruction of the Secretariat of State indicated that the title of Monsignor may be used for bishops. This is normal practice in Italian, French, Catalan, and Spanish, the predicate His Lordship or Your Lordship is, in English, used as a clerical title only for bishops. Until 1968 there were at least 14 different grades, including domestic prelates, four kinds of protonotaries apostolic, four kinds of papal chamberlains, Pope Paul VI in his motu proprio Pontificalis Domus of 28 March 1968 reduced the grades to three. Since then, apostolic protonotaries have been classified either de numero or supernumerary, most of the former classes of chamberlains and chaplains were abolished, leaving only a single class of Chaplains of His Holiness, a specifically priestly-sounding category. In 2014, Pope Francis abolished the practice of granting priests the title of monsignor, however, existing members of all three ranks established by Pope Paul VI retain their membership. The 1969 Instruction of the Secretariat of State also simplified the dress of monsignori, Chaplains of His Holiness use a purple-trimmed black cassock with purple sash for all occasions. Honorary Prelates use a black cassock with purple sash for all occasions. The red is the shade as that used by bishops
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Investigative journalism
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Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report, Investigative journalism is a primary source of information. Most investigative journalism is conducted by newspapers, wire services, practitioners sometimes use the term accountability reporting. In many cases, the subjects of the wish the matters under scrutiny to remain undisclosed. There are currently university departments for teaching investigative journalism, conferences are conducted presenting peer reviewed research into investigative journalism. American journalism textbooks point out that muckraking standards promoted by McClures Magazine around 1902, furthermore, the successes of the early muckrakers continued to inspire journalists. John M. Crewdson of the Chicago Tribune wrote a 1996 article proposing the installment of defibrillators on American airliners, Crewdson argued that based on his research and analysis, Medical kits and defibrillators would be economically justified if they saved just 3 lives each year. Soon after the publication, airlines began installing defibrillators on planes. Ten years after installing defibrillators, American Airlines reported that 80 lives had been saved by the machines. S, since the 1980s has been accompanied by massive cuts in the budgets for investigative journalism. A2002 study concluded that investigative journalism has all but disappeared from the nations commercial airwaves, the major media conglomerates have found ways to retain their audience without the risks of offending advertisers inherent in investigative journalism. C. Raising Hell, Straight Talk with Investigative Journalists, by Ron Chepesiuk, Haney Howell, tell Me No Lies, Investigative Journalism That Changed the World, John Pilger, ed.2005
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Bernard Francis Law
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Bernard Francis Law is an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is Archbishop emeritus of Boston, former archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, and Cardinal Priest of Santa Susanna, the American Catholic church in Rome. One priest alone was alleged to have raped or molested 130 children over decades, while Law and he resigned from this position upon reaching the age of 80 in November 2011. Law was born in the Mexican city of Torreón, Coahuila and he attended schools in New York, Florida, Georgia, and Barranquilla, Colombia, before graduating from Charlotte Amalie High School in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. While in high school he was employed by the Virgin Islands Daily News, on May 21,1961, Law was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Natchez-Jackson in Mississippi. He served two years as an assistant pastor of St. Pauls Catholic Church in Vicksburg, where he was the editor of the Mississippi Register, the diocesan newspaper. He also held several other diocesan posts from 1963 to 1968, including director of the family life bureau, Law was a civil rights activist. He was a member of the Mississippi Leadership Conference and Mississippi Human Relations Council, for his civil rights activities and his strong positions on civil rights in the Mississippi Register, of which he was editor, he received death threats. The newspaper lost many subscribers for whom his civil rights stance was repugnant, charles Evers, activist and brother of murdered civil rights activist Medgar Evers, praised Law and said he acted not for the Negro, but for justice and what is right. S. Bishops Committee for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs, Pope Paul VI named Law bishop of the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau in Missouri on October 22,1973, and he was consecrated on December 5 of that year. Laws predecessor in Springfield-Cape Girardeau was William Wakefield Baum, another future cardinal, in continuing his ecumenical work, Law formed the Missouri Christian Leadership Conference. He was made a member of the Vaticans Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, in the late 1970s, Law would also chair the U. S. bishops Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs. In the programs first year sixty-four Episcopal priests applied for acceptance and this brought married priests with their families into U. S. Roman Catholic dioceses for the first time. On January 11,1984, Law was appointed Archbishop of Boston and he was installed as Archbishop on March 23,1984. On May 25,1985, he was elevated in consistory as a member of the College of Cardinals and his speech at the 1985 Synod of Bishops marking the 20th anniversary of the end of the Second Vatican Council led to development of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Law oversaw the first draft of the English translation, in the mid-1980s, Law chaired the bishops Committee on Pastoral Research and Practices at the time it distributed a major study report on Freemasonry. The bishops report concluded that the principles and basic rituals of Masonry embody a naturalistic religion, active participation in which is incompatible with Christian faith, Law became the first high-level Catholic Church official to be accused of actively participating in the cover-up of child molestation by predatory priests. In January 2001 he was named a defendant in several cases involving pedophile priests
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston
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The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston is an ecclesiastical territory or Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the New England region of the United States. It comprises several counties of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and it is led by a prelate archbishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Cathedral of the Holy Cross in the South End of Boston. As of 2009, there are 292 parishes in the archdiocese, in 2007, the archdiocese estimated that 1.8 million Catholics were in the territory, of whom about 315,000 regularly attended Mass. The original Diocese of Boston was canonically erected on April 8,1808 by Pope Pius VII and it took its territories from the larger historic Diocese of Baltimore and consisted of the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. On February 12,1875, Pope Pius IX elevated the diocese to the rank of an archdiocese, in the 1920s, Cardinal William OConnell moved the chancery from offices near Holy Cross Cathedral in the South End to 127 Lake Street in Brighton. Lake Street became shorthand for the Bishop and the office of the Archdiocese, in September 2003, the Archdiocese settled over 500 abuse-related claims for $85 million. In June 2004, the residence and the chancery in Brighton and surrounding lands were sold to Boston College. The offices of the Archdiocese were moved to Braintree, Massachusetts, the diocesan seminary, Saint Johns Seminary, remains on the property in Brighton. The diocesan newspaper The Pilot has been published in Boston since 1829, the Archdioceses Catholic Television Center, founded in 1955, produces programs and operates the cable television network CatholicTV. From 1964 to 1966, it owned and operated a broadcast television station under the call letters WIHS-TV, the Archdiocese of Boston is also metropolitan see for the Ecclesiastical province of Boston. This means that the archbishop of Boston is the metropolitan for the province, the Archdiocese of Boston is divided into five pastoral regions, each headed by an episcopal vicar. The following are lists of the Bishops and Archbishops of Boston, Auxiliaries of Boston, also included are other priests of this diocese who served elsewhere as bishop. † = deceased † Jean-Louis Lefebvre de Cheverus appointed Bishop of Montauban, created Cardinal in 1836, † Cardinal Humberto Sousa Medeiros died Cardinal Bernard Francis Law resigned, appointed Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in 2004, retired on November 21,2011. In 1993 the archdiocese had 53,569 students in 195 archdiocesean parochial schools, Boston had the largest number of parochial schools,48 schools with a combined total of about 16,000 students. Eugene F. Sullivan Sr. Kathleen Carr, CSJ Mary Grassa ONeill Mary E. Moran Kathleen Power Mears Cardinal Cushing High School, South Boston Christopher Columbus High School
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Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
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