Squat (exercise)
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A squat is a strength exercise in which the trainee lowers their hips from a standing position and then stands back up. During the descent, the hip and knee joints flex while the ankle joint dorsiflexes; conversely the hip and knee joints extend and the ankle joint plantarflexes when standing up. Squats also help the hip muscles.
Bodyweight squat
Kirk Karwoski completing a heavy squat in competition. Note the spotters either side of him and the power cage which the barbell was lifted out of.
A barbell pad reduces pressure from the steel barbell on the back. This may reduce discomfort. Some pad designs are straight and some have an indented centre to further reduce the risk of direct pressure to the spine.
The hack squat as pictured page 70 of George Hackenschmidt's book The Way to Live (1908)
Strength training
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Strength training, also known as weight training or resistance training, involves the performance of physical exercises that are designed to improve strength and endurance. It is often associated with the lifting of weights. It can also incorporate a variety of training techniques such as bodyweight exercises, isometrics, and plyometrics.
A gym environment where various forms of strength training are being practiced. Identified from left to right, the exercises are: overhead presses, battle ropes, planking, and kettlebell raises.
A dumbbell half-squat.