St. Bernard, Ohio
St. Bernard is a village in Hamilton County, United States; the population was 4,368 at the 2010 census. St. Bernard is located at 39°10′4″N 84°29′42″W, along with Norwood and Elmwood Place, is an enclave surrounded by the city of Cincinnati. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.56 square miles, of which 1.55 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles is water. St. Bernard was laid out in 1851 at the intersection of Main Street, the Miami and Erie Canal, the Cincinnati and Dayton Railway; the town was built up chiefly by Germans. St. Bernard was incorporated as a village in 1878; the oldest non profit social organization resides in St. Bernard - Idle Hour Social Club. State charted in 1913; as of the census of 2010, there were 4,368 people, 1,869 households, 1,090 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,818.1 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,128 housing units at an average density of 1,372.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 80.0% White, 15.7% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, 2.3% from two or more races.
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population. There were 1,869 households of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.2% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, 41.7% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.8% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.08. The median age in the village was 38.2 years. 23.6% of residents were under the age of 18. The gender makeup of the village was 47.2% male and 52.8% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,924 people, 2,069 households, 1,251 families residing in the village; the population density was 3,196.1 people per square mile. There were 2,195 housing units at an average density of 1,424.7/sq mi. The racial makeup of the village was 91.41% White, 6.46% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.63% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, 0.87% from two or more races.
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population. There were 2,069 households out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 39.5% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.5% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.09. In the village, the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males. The median income for a household in the village was $37,356, the median income for a family was $45,366. Males had a median income of $35,095 versus $26,672 for females; the per capita income for the village was $18,036.
About 7.3% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over. The village operated the Dial-A-Ride bus program until February 2018, when the service was discontinued; the town is home to several clubs and organizations, such as the Women's Club, the R & L Club, the Eagles Club, Kiwanis Club, the oldest club in the area, the Idle Hour Social Club, founded in 1913. The Idle Hour Social Club prides itself as the oldest state-chartered non-profit organization in the State of Ohio. St. Bernard has a joint public school district with the neighboring Village of Elmwood Place; the district is called St. Bernard-Elmwood Place Village Schools, it allows both neighborhoods to keep their schools separate from Cincinnati schools; the district has three public schools: St. Bernard Elementary, Elmwood Elementary, St. Bernard High School. Construction will begin on a single school building combining all district students in Spring 2018.
St. Bernard is served by a branch of the Public Library of Hamilton County. Village website St. Bernard-Elmwood Place City Schools Roger Bacon High School
Joseph Bernardin
Joseph Louis Bernardin was an American Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Cincinnati from 1972 until 1982, as Archbishop of Chicago from 1982 until his death in 1996 from pancreatic cancer. Bernardin was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983 by Pope John Paul II. Joseph Bernardin was born on April 2, 1928, in Columbia, South Carolina, to Joseph and Maria Simion Bernardin, an Italian immigrant couple, he was confirmed at St. Peter's Catholic Church in Columbia, his father died of cancer. He took responsibility for his younger sister, while his widowed mother worked as a seamstress. Bernardin's original academic ambition was to become a physician, inspiring him to enroll in the pre-medical program at the University of South Carolina, he transferred to Saint Mary Seminary in Baltimore, Maryland. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy in 1948, subsequently enrolled in The Catholic University of America to complete his theological studies. On April 26, 1952, Bernardin was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Charleston by John J. Russell at St. Joseph Church.
This diocese covers the entire state of South Carolina. During his 14-year tenure at the Diocese of Charleston, Father Bernardin served under four bishops in capacities including chancellor, vicar general, diocesan counselor, when the See was vacant, diocesan administrator. In 1959, Pope John XXIII named Bernardin a Papal Chamberlain with the title Very Reverend Monsignor. On March 9, 1966 Pope Paul VI appointed Monsignor Bernardin titular Bishop of Liguria and Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Atlanta, his episcopal consecration took place on April 26, 1966 at the hands of his mentor, the Archbishop of Atlanta, Paul Hallinan. Bernardin, only 38 years old, thus became the youngest bishop in America. From 1966 to 1968, Bishop Bernardin served as rector of the Cathedral of Christ the King in Atlanta, Georgia. According to Monsignor Kenneth Velo, a former executive aide to Bernandin and head of the Catholic Church Extension Society, it was in the predominantly Baptist American South that Bernardin learned ecumenism.
In 1968, he resigned as auxiliary bishop of Atlanta to become the first General Secretary of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, a post he held until 1972. In 1969 Bishop Bernadin was instrumental in founding one of the conference's most influential and successful programs, the anti-poverty Campaign for Human Development. Pope Paul VI appointed Bernardin Archbishop of Cincinnati on November 21, 1972, he was installed there December 19, 1972. Bernardin served the Metropolitan See of Cincinnati for nearly ten years. While there he appointed the first woman editor of the archdiocesan newspaper, The Catholic Telegraph. While Archbishop of Cincinnati, Bernardin was named to the Sacred Congregation of Bishops, elected to the permanent council of the Synod of Bishops, was elected president of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, he worked to improve relations between Catholics and Jews, strove for better understanding between the Catholic Church and Protestant denominations, made pastoral visits to both Poland and Hungary.
Following the death of Cardinal John Cody of Chicago, Pope John Paul II chose Archbishop Bernardin prominent among his fellow American bishops, to lead the Archdiocese of Chicago. He was appointed the twelfth Bishop and seventh Archbishop of Chicago on July 10, 1982. On August 25, 1982, he was formally installed in that role by Pio Laghi. Bernardin found an archdiocese in disarray, its priests disheartened by years of arbitrary administration and charges of financial misconduct. "With his patient charm and willingness to listen, Bernardin won back the confidence of the clergy and the laity...." In the Consistory of February 2, 1983, he was elevated to the Sacred College of Cardinals by Pope John Paul II as Cardinal-Priest of Gesù Divino Lavoratore as his titular church. In 1989, Bernardin was awarded the F. Sadlier Dinger Award by educational publisher William H. Sadlier, Inc; the award is presented annually in recognition of an outstanding contribution to the ministry of religious education in America.
An award sponsored by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops called the'Joseph Cardinal Bernardin Award For Social Justice and Anti-Poverty' is awarded to Catholic youths who are considered to have provided outstanding advocacy in this area. In May 1983, Bernardin received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the College of the Holy Cross and served as the commencement speaker. In 1995, Bernardin was honored by the University of Notre Dame when he received their highest honor, the Laetare Medal, given in recognition of outstanding service to the Roman Catholic Church and society; the award is given to an American Catholic "whose genius has ennobled the arts and sciences, illustrated the ideals of the church, enriched the heritage of humanity." Joseph Bernardin was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln by the Governor of Illinois in 1997 in the area of Religion. Bernardin implemented a policy concerning priests accused of sexual misconduct with minors.
He removed more than a score of priests and established a new review board, made up of lay people. Bernardin's reforms concerning this issue soon served as a model for other dioceses across the nation. Bernardin himself said in a press conference. Former seminarian Stephen Cook claimed to have been abused by Bernardin and another priest in the 1970s. However, Cook subsequently dropped Bernardin from his lawsuit, being no longer certain that his memories, which had emerged while he was under
St. Francis Xavier Church (Cincinnati, Ohio)
St. Francis Xavier Church is located at 611 Sycamore Street, Ohio; this was the location of the first diocesan cathedral and the center of early Roman Catholic life in Cincinnati. It was dedicated to St. Peter on December 17, 1826. "Christ Church", the city's first Catholic church was located at Vine and Liberty streets, in the "Northern Liberties" area, at the time outside of the city. A story that the church had to be built on the outskirts of the city because anti-Catholic prejudice prevented a Roman Catholic church within city limits has been shown to be false by church historians, its frame building was moved on wheels to Sycamore Street in 1826 to serve as the first seminary. Saint Francis Seraph Church now is on the former site, on land purchased from James Findlay. St. Francis Xavier has existed as its own parish since 1845 when the cathedral was moved to Saint Peter In Chains Cathedral at Eight & Plum Streets; the parish has been under the direction of the Society of Jesus since 1840.
The present brick edifice with stone facing and ornate clock tower was built in 1860. Xavier University and St. Xavier High School were founded next to the St. Xavier Church. Both institutions have since moved to separate locations due to space constraints and expansion. Today the church serves the downtown community. St. Xavier Commercial School "Cincinnati, a Guide to the Queen City and Its Neighbors". American Guide Series; the Weisen-Hart Press: 192. May 1943. Saint Xavier Parish Profile St. Xavier Church official website St. Xavier College St. Xavier Parish School, 520 Sycamore Street
Karl Joseph Alter
Karl Joseph Alter was an American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Archbishop of Cincinnati. Karl Alter was born in Ohio, to John P. and Elizabeth Alter. His father was a cigar liquor dealer, he attended St. John's High School, was a member of the first graduating class of St. John's College in 1905, he made his theological studies at St. Mary's Seminary in Cleveland. On June 4, 1910, Alter was ordained to the priesthood, he served as administrator of St. Mary's Church in Leipsic until 1912, when he became a curate at St. John's Church in Lima. In 1914, he was appointed the first diocesan director of Catholic Charities, coordinating various charitable organizations in the diocese into one agency. During this period, he served as vice-president of the Toledo Social Service Foundation, a trustee of the Toledo Red Cross and of the Toledo Society for the Blind, a member of the children's division of the state department of public welfare, he was a lecturer in sociology at St. John's College and at Mary Manse College from 1914 to 1930.
He earned a Master's degree from St. John's in 1923 and a doctorate in 1929. In 1929, he was named director of the School of Social Service at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D. C. While in Washington, he served as chairman of the speakers' committee for the Catholic Hour radio program. On April 17, 1931, Alter was appointed the third Bishop of Toledo by Pope Pius XI, he received his episcopal consecration on the following June 17 from Archbishop John T. McNicholas, with Bishops Augustus John Schwertner and Joseph H. Albers serving as co-consecrators, he was the first native son of the diocese to become its bishop. He founded the Catholic Chronicle in 1934. In 1938, he deplored religious persecution in unrest in the Holy Land. Along with fellow American bishops, Alter publicly criticized the Moscow Agreement of 1943. In 1944, he drafted a proposal for a joint declaration on world peace by Catholic and Protestant leaders. Following World War II, he offered a 10-point program for economic security.
During his tenure as bishop, the construction of Rosary Cathedral was completed and an addition to Central Catholic High School was built. He established DeSales College in 1942 and donated a 12-acre parcel of land in East Toledo for the construction of St. Charles Hospital. Following the death of Archbishop McNicholas, Alter was appointed the fifth Archbishop of Cincinnati on June 14, 1950. During his administration, he established 98 churches, 94 elementary schools, 14 high schools, 79 rectories, 55 convents, he instituted a priests' senate and an archdiocesan school board composed of lay members, encouraged the formation of parish councils. He undertook a restoration of Saint Peter in Chains Cathedral. Within the National Catholic Welfare Conference, he served two terms as vice- chairman, two terms as chairman, one term as secretary; as chairman of the NCWC, he issued a protest against religious and racial discrimination in June 1960. Between 1962 and 1965, Alter attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council, having served on the Central Preparatory Commission.
At the Council, he sat on the Commissions for the Government of Dioceses. He discontinued first grades in Cincinnati parochial schools in 1964 because of high costs and overcrowded classrooms. However, Alter did not believe that this would interfere with children's religious educationHe resigned as Cincinnati's archbishop on July 19, 1969, after nineteen years of service. At the same time Alter was appointed Titular Archbishop of Minora, a post from which he stepped down on December 31, 1970. Alter died in Cincinnati at age 92. Archbishop Alter High School in Dayton is named in his honor, as was the former Alter Elementary in Rossford, Ohio
Edward Fenwick
Bishop Edward Dominic Fenwick, O. P. was an American Dominican. Edward Fenwick was born August 19, 1768 on the family plantation on the Patuxent river, in the Colony of Maryland to Colonel Ignatius Fenwick and Sarah Taney. Colonel Fenwick was a military figure of the American Revolution and one of the early Catholic families of Maryland. At that time, Jesuit missionaries ministered to Maryland Catholics. Many families sent their sons abroad to study, at sixteen years of age, Edward was sent to the Dominican Holy Cross College in Bornem, near Antwerp, where his uncle was a teacher; the school was under the jurisdiction of the English Province of Dominicans. In 1788 Fenwick joined the Dominican Order and entered the seminary at Bornheim as a theological student, chose the name, "Dominic". Edward Dominic Fenwick was ordained February 23, 1793 and became a professor at the Dominican College; when Belgium was invaded during the French Revolution, Fenwick was imprisoned, but released upon proof of his American citizenship.
The school re-located to England. Fenwick taught at a Dominican school outside London. With the assistance of Luke Concanen, assistant to the Master of the Dominican Order, Fr. Fenwick received permission to establish a Dominican college, he arrived in America in the autumn off 1804, accompanied by Friar Robert Angier. He was received by Bishop John Carroll. Fenwick and the Dominicans who accompanied him should evangelize the vast regions of the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains, including the territories acquired in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase. In 1805, Fr. Fenwick traversed the entire Mississippi Valley looking for a central location to continue his missionary work. Three other Dominican priests were Samuel Thomas Wilson, a Master of Sacred Theology, Robert Antoninus Angier, a Lectorate in Sacred Theology and Preacher General, William Raymond Tuite. In 1806, Fenwick purchased a 500-acre plantation near Kentucky. Construction of a priory and a church began immediately and was first inhabited in December 1806 but not completed until 1807.
St. Rose Priory was named for the Dominican St. Rose of Lima, the first native of the Americas to be canonized. In February 1807 the new American Province of St. Joseph was approved. At Fenwick's request, Samuel Wilson was appointed prior; the church was dedicated December 25, 1809. St. Rose Priory was the first Catholic educational institution west of the Alleghenies; the first bishop of the new Diocese of Bardstown, Benedict Joseph Flaget, used the priory until the Bardstown St. Joseph Proto-Cathedral was built. Saint Thomas of Aquinas College was added completed in 1812. Jefferson Davis was among its earliest students; the difficulties of life as an itinerant preacher were many, not the least being exposure to extremes of weather. While riding from place to place, he read his breviary on horseback. Fenwick was known to ride forty miles out of his way to visit an isolated family, he fasted while travelling, in anticipation of celebrating Mass once he reached his destination. Fenwick had to swim his horse across swollen streams to reach a mission.
He was obliged while travelling, to spend the night in the Kentucky backwoods, populated by bear and wolves. The missionaries who ministered to the scattered communities on the frontier worked alone, the strain of loneliness and overwork could serve to undermine their health. In 1808, Fenwick reached Ohio, where he ministered to predominantly German and Irish families, many of whom knew little English. In 1817 he was joined by his newly ordained nephew, Fr. Nicholas Dominic Young OP; the first church in Ohio, was built in Somerset and dedicated to St. Joseph on December 6, 1818. A second log church, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, was soon erected in Lancaster. A third was begun in Cincinnati, at the suggestion of Bishop Flaget, who visited the city in the spring of 1818. On January 13, 1822, Edward Dominic Fenwick was consecrated as the first Bishop of the new Diocese of Cincinnati; the consecration was celebrated at Saint Rose Church. He went to Europe in 1823 to raise funding for the new diocese and returned in 1826 with resources to begin the construction of the cathedral, parochial schools, to found the convents of the Sisters of Charity and of the first community of Dominican women in the United States that became Dominicans of St. Catharine.
In 1829 Bishop Fenwick established the St. Francis Xavier Seminary; this was the third oldest Catholic seminary in the United States and the oldest Catholic seminary west of the Appalachian Mountains. The Athenaeum of Ohio-Mount St. Mary Seminary claims its roots through the St. Francis Xavier Seminary and is located in Cincinnati. In 1831 Bishop Fenwick initiated publication of The Catholic Telegraph diocesan newspaper; the weekly newspaper was carried by stage and riverboat to areas within the diocese's government, as well as to cities in Kentucky, Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia. The Catholic Telegraph is still in existence today as the oldest continuously-published Catholic newspaper in the United States. In 1831, Bishop Fenwick founded The Athenaeum, which evolved into Xavier University and St. Xavier High School. After the college was established he returned to missionary work, visiting the Indian tribes in the Northwestern territory. Stricken by cholera he died in Wooster, Ohio on September 26, 1832, aged 64.
Several schools are named in his honor: Bishop Fenwick High School, Franklin Township, Ohio Fenwick High School, Oak Park, Illinois Fenwick High S
Friar
A friar is a brother member of one of the mendicant orders founded in the twelfth or thirteenth century. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans and Carmelites. Friars are different from monks in that they are called to live the evangelical counsels in service to society, rather than through cloistered asceticism and devotion. Whereas monks live in a self-sufficient community, friars work among laypeople and are supported by donations or other charitable support. A monk or nun makes their commits to a particular community in a particular place. Friars commit to a community spread across a wider geographical area known as a province, so they will move around, spending time in different houses of the community within their province; the English term Friar is derived from the Norman French word frere, from the Latin frater, used in the Latin New Testament to refer to members of the Christian community. "Fray" is sometimes used in Spain and former Spanish colonies such as the Philippines or the American Southwest as a title, such as in Fray Juan de Torquemada.
In the Roman Catholic Church, there are two classes of orders known as friars, or mendicant orders: the four "great orders" and the so-called "lesser orders". The four great orders were mentioned by the Second Council of Lyons: The Carmelites, founded c. 1155. They are known as the "White Light Friars" because of the white halo which covers their brown skin, they received papal approval from Honorius III in 1226 and by Innocent IV in 1247. The Carmelites were founded as a purely contemplative order, but became mendicants in 1245. There are two types of Carmelites, those of the Ancient Observance and those of the Discalced Carmelites, founded by St. Teresa of Avila in the 16th century; the Franciscans, founded in 1209. They are known as the "Friars Minor"; the Franciscans were founded by St. Francis of Assisi and received oral papal approval by Innocent III in 1209 and formal papal confirmation by Honorius III in 1223. Today the Friars Minor is composed of three branches: the Order of Friars Minor, Order of Friars Minor Capuchin and the Order of Friars Minor Conventual wearing grey or black habits.
The Dominicans, founded c. 1216. They are known as the "Friar Preachers", or the "Black Friars", from the black mantle worn over their white habit; the Dominicans were founded by St. Dominic and received papal approval from Honorius III in 1216 as the "Ordo Praedicatorum" under the Rule of St. Augustine, they became a mendicant order in 1221. The Augustinians, founded in 1244 and enlarged in 1256, they are known as the "Hermits of St. Augustine", or the "Austin Friars", their rule is based on the writings of Augustine of Hippo. The Augustinians were assembled from various groups of hermits as a mendicant order by Pope Innocent IV in 1244. Additional groups were added by Alexander IV in 1256; some of the lesser orders are: the Trinitarians, established in 1198 the Mercedarians, established in 1218 the Servites, established in 1240 the Minims, established in 1474 the Third Order Regular of St. Francis, a branch of the Third Order of St. Francis, part of the Franciscan Order established in 1447 the Discalced Carmelites, established in 1568 the Order of Augustinian Recollects, established in 1598 through the Chapter of Toledo the Discalced Trinitarians, established in 1599 the Order of Penance, established in 1781 Orders of friars exist in other Christian traditions, including the Order of Lutheran Franciscans, the Order of Ecumenical Franciscans and the Order of Lesser Sisters and Brothers.
In the Anglican Communion there are a number of mendicant groups such as the Anglican Friars Preachers, the Society of Saint Francis and the Order of St Francis. Several high schools, as well as Providence College, use friars as their school mascot; the Major League Baseball team San Diego Padres have the Swinging Friar. The University of Michigan's oldest a cappella group is a male octet known as The Friars; the University of Pennsylvania has a senior honor society known as Friars. In the order of the Knights of Malta, the short form Fra is used when addressing members who have taken vows. Bhikkhu Brother Dervish Priesthood Sadhu
Henry K. Moeller
Henry K. Moeller was an American prelate of the Catholic Church, he served as Bishop of Archbishop of Cincinnati. Henry Moeller was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Bernard and Teresa Moeller, who were immigrants from Westphalia, he was the oldest of seven children. His father worked as a cabinet maker and carpenter before becoming a bricklayer and building contractor, he was baptized by Father John Henry Luers the day after his birth, received his early education at the parochial school of St. Joseph Church in the West End. In 1863, Moeller entered St. Xavier College, from where he graduated with highest honors in 1869, he was sent by Archbishop John Baptist Purcell to study philosophy and theology at the Pontifical North American College in Rome. In his competitive examinations, he won three first prizes in theology, he was ordained a subdeacon on November 2, 1875, a deacon on the following November 10. On June 10, 1876, Moeller was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Giulio Lenti at the Basilica of St. John Lateran.
That same year he received his Doctor of Divinity degree from the Urban College of Propaganda. Following his return to Ohio, he was appointed pastor of St. Patrick Church in Bellefontaine in September 1876, he served as a professor at Mount St. Mary's Seminary of the West in Norwood from 1877 to 1879. In November 1879, Moeller was granted a leave of absence from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati to assist Bishop Silas Chatard of the Diocese of Vincennes in Indiana, he served as secretary to Bishop Chatard until 1880, when he was recalled to Cincinnati by Archbishop William Henry Elder to serve as his own secretary. He served as chancellor of the archdiocese from 1886 to 1900. On April 6, 1900, Moeller was appointed the third Bishop of Columbus by Pope Leo XIII, he received his episcopal consecration on the following August 25 from Archbishop Elder, with Bishops Henry Richter and Thomas Byrne serving as co-consecrators, at St. Peter in Chains Cathedral in Cincinnati, he was installed at St. Joseph Cathedral in Columbus on August 27.
During his brief tenure, he worked to eliminate the debt the diocese incurred from building the cathedral, established parish boundaries for Franklin County, created three new parishes and four missions. In 1902, he presided over the fifth diocesan synod, which set regulations for the needs of the clergy and people of the diocese. Moeller was named Coadjutor Archbishop of Cincinnati and Titular Archbishop of Areopolis on April 27, 1903; as coadjutor, he assumed the administrative duties of the archdiocese. Upon the death of Archbishop Elder, Moeller succeeded him to become the fourth Archbishop of Cincinnati on October 31, 1904, he was formally installed as archbishop and received the pallium on February 15, 1905. In 1921, he condemned several forms of dancing as well as bare female shoulders at social functions. Moeller died in Cincinnati at age 75, he is buried in the mausoleum at St. Joseph Cemetery in Price Hill. Archbishop Moeller High School, a parochial school near Cincinnati, was named for Bishop Moeller.
Succession of Archbishop Henry Moeller Archbishop Moeller High School History of Archbishop Moeller High School
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