1.
Beach
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A beach is a landform along a body of water. It usually consists of particles, which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles. The particles comprising a beach are occasionally biological in origin, such as shells or coralline algae. Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as posts, changing rooms. They may also have hospitality venues nearby, wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner. Wild beaches can be valued for their beauty and preserved nature. Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits, although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word beach, beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers. Beach may refer to, small systems where rock material moves onshore, offshore, or alongshore by the forces of waves and currents, the former are described in detail below, the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars. There are several parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form. The part mostly above water, and more or less influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm. The berm is the deposit of material comprising the active shoreline, the berm has a crest and a face — the latter being the slope leading down towards the water from the crest. At the very bottom of the face, there may be a trough, at some point the influence of the waves on the material comprising the beach stops, and if the particles are small enough, winds shape the feature. Where wind is the force distributing the grains inland, the deposit behind the beach becomes a dune and these geomorphic features compose what is called the beach profile. The beach profile changes seasonally due to the change in energy experienced during summer and winter months. In temperate areas where summer is characterised by calmer seas and longer periods between breaking wave crests, the profile is higher in summer. The gentle wave action during this season tends to transport sediment up the beach towards the berm where it is deposited, onshore winds carry it further inland forming and enhancing dunes. Conversely, the profile is lower in the storm season due to the increased wave energy. The removal of sediment from the berm and dune thus decreases the beach profile
2.
Shore
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A shore or a shoreline is the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea, or lake. Shores are influenced by the topography of the landscape, as well as by water induced erosion. The geological composition of rock and soil dictates the type of shore which is created, Riviera is an Italian word for shoreline, ultimately derived from Latin ripa. It came to be applied as a name to the coast of the Ligurian Sea, in the form riviera ligure. Historically, the Ligurian Riviera extended from Capo Corvo south of Genoa, north and west into what is now French territory past Monoco, now it is divided into the Italian Riviera and the French Riviera. Although the French use the term Riviera to refer to the Italian Riviera, as a result of the fame of the Ligurian rivieras, the term came into English to refer to any shoreline, especially one that is sunny, topographically diverse and popular with tourists. Such places using the term include the Australian Riviera in Queensland, offshore or Intertidal zone Ballantine Scale Coastal path Shorezone Anders, F. J. and Byrnes, M. R. Accuracy of shoreline change rates as determined from maps and aerial photographs Shore and Beach, v.59, processes influencing the transport and fate of contaminated sediments in the coastal ocean—Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay, U. S. Geological Survey Circular 1302, pp. 1–89. Equilibrium beach profiles—characteristics and applications Journal of Coastal Research, v.7, the Budget of Littoral Sediments—Concepts and Applications Shore and Beach, v.64, pp. 18–26. Meade, R. H. Sources, sinks and storage of river sediments in the Atlantic drainage of the United States Journal of Geology, v.90, an Assessment of the Nations Shorelines, USA Shore and Beach v.71, no. Stockdon, H. F. Sallenger, A. H. List, J. H. and Holman, estimation of shoreline position and change using airborne topographic lidar data Journal of Coastal Research, v.18, no. The use of models to predict beach behavior for U. S. coastal engineering—A critical review Journal of Coastal Research, v.16. Media related to Shores at Wikimedia Commons shore, the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
3.
Strand, Western Cape
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Strand is a seaside resort situated on the eastern edge of False Bay and at the foot of the Hottentots Holland Mountains. Its geographical position is between Macassar and Gordons Bay, and is about 50 km southeast of Cape Town, Strand is in the Western Cape province of South Africa, and has a population of approximately 50,000. Strands main attraction is the beach,5 km of sandy beach off False Bay. Strand is often referred to as The Strand, which is the old name of the town, the main beach in the Strand, Melkbaai Beach, is known as one of the best and safest bathing areas in the country. Facilities on or nearby this beach include Waterworld with a tube and mini-golf. Water sports may be conducted from various points along the beachfront, the Pipe is a part of the beach marked off for surfers and is known for its big, surfable waves. Strand also has an Olympic-sized indoor pool which is heated and is open all year round. The coast between the Lourens River mouth and up to Rooi Els is popular with fishermen and rock anglers. Surfing is a water sport in Strand, despite the possibility of sharks. These spots are much easier and safer to surf than other offshore surf spots on the Atlantic Ocean side of the Cape Peninsula. The town has a business district attracting customers from the surrounding basin, the CBD offers banks, numerous shopping malls, restaurants, and supermarkets. The Friedman & Cohen is the largest single shop in the CBD and serves as an attraction for residents. The major shopping malls in the include the Dorpsmeent Centre. The latter is not in the CBD, but outside the town, Strands central business district is entirely surrounded by Strand North and Strand South. Strand has its own area, Gants Centre. More recently, Gants Centre has increasingly been accommodating non-industrial businesses, including the local newspaper and these industrial companies are in turn gradually relocating to the areas surrounding the former dynamite sites outside the town, towards Somerset West. In winter there is a low inversion layer covering the town and this is rarely seen, however, because of the prevalent winds that keep Strands skies clean. The town has primary, secondary and tertiary education facilities, as of 2007, there are 19 public and private schools
4.
The Strand Arcade
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The Strand Arcade is a Victorian-style shopping arcade in Sydney, New South Wales. The Strand Arcade is located in the heart of the Sydney central business district, the arcade was one of the first Victorian buildings in Sydney. The arcade contains the preliminary boutiques that characterized the Sydney shopping experience of the 1890s, when the arcade opened in 1892, it was said to be the very latest in shopping centre designs and was described as, The finest public thoroughfare in the Australian colonies. The arcade has endured two depressions, two World Wars and two major fires, the restored shop fronts are an exact replica of the original internal shopping facades. Designed by English architect John Spencer, The Strand was built in 1891 and opened on 1 April 1892, as the fifth and it is the only one remaining in its original form today. The arcade was to be 340 feet long, and three storeys high, the Arcade was originally known as the City Arcade and sometimes as Arcade Street. In 1891 it was named after the famous London Street that links the City of London, the Strand was Londons smartest theatre, hotel and shopping street in the early 1900s. The Nut Shop, which operates today, opened in 1939. The arcade became run down as time went by, restoration work was carried out in the 1970s, but a fire broke out on the morning of 25 May 1976. Restoration began again and the arcade, now back to its original grandeur, the Strand Arcade strandarcade. com. au The Strand Arcade sydneyarchitecture. com Laila Ellmoos
5.
The Strand Station
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The Strand Station is a railway station located on the eastern edge of Auckland CBD, where it served as the citys main railway station from 1930 to 2003. The station is used as the northern terminus of the Northern Explorer long-distance service to Wellington. Suburban services do not pass through the station, but it can serve as a backup for Britomart Transport Centre, the station opened in 1930, replacing the previous railway terminus on Queen Street. It was the station to serve as the rail terminus for Auckland, and remained the sole station serving the CBD until its closure in July 2003. These platforms have been used for Northern Explorer services from December 2015 onwards, the building was designed by William Henry Gummer, a student of Sir Edward Lutyens and architect of various notable New Zealand buildings such as the Dilworth Building in Queen Street. The station was built by the New Zealand Public Works Department between 1928 and 1930 and sits on reclaimed land close to the wharves and it replaced a smaller terminal on the site of Britomart. The grand and ornate building was intended to serve as a gateway to the city, the station was designed by Gummer and Ford, who were New Zealands premier architects in the early twentieth century. It has great importance for its associations with the public building programme of the 1920s. The symmetrical facade of the three storey-high building was constructed of reinforced concrete, faced with brick and granite and it is approached by a sweeping ramp on either side of the building, enclosing a landscaped garden immediately to the front. The buildings design echoed American models, such as Union Station in Washington, D. C. and Pennsylvania Station in New York City, considered the most striking and luxurious examples of the time. It has also been compared with Grand Central Terminal, in New York City as well. The station was given ornate public spaces and a variety of amenities, from waiting and dining rooms to shops. The looming threat of German aggression meant that its origins were quickly downplayed and obscured, the rest of the lobby is a showpiece of expensive imported marble and fine bronze detailing with a beautiful terazzo floor. The fine detailing extended to the restrooms with imported panelling, light fittings, period-style furniture, with modifications, the building was used, as the main point of arrival for rail passengers in Auckland for most of the century. In the decade that followed, the platform was used by excursion trains although, along with the rest of the platforms. In 1999 the station building was converted for use as student accommodation by Auckland University. It was the largest of the residences, and had 426 bedrooms. However, in November 2008, the university announced that it would no longer be using the building for student accommodation, due to weathertightness issues and associated works
6.
County Down
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County Down is one of six counties that form Northern Ireland, situated in the northeast of the island of Ireland. Adjoined to the southeast shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of 2,448 km² and has a population of about 531,665 and it is also one of the thirty-two traditional counties of Ireland and is within the province of Ulster. The county was archaically called Downshire and it borders County Antrim to the north, the Irish Sea to the east and south, County Armagh to the west, and County Louth across Carlingford Lough to the southwest. In the east of the county is Strangford Lough and the Ards Peninsula, the largest town is Bangor, on the northeast coast. Three other large towns and cities are on its border, Newry lies on the border with County Armagh, while Lisburn. Down contains both the southernmost point of Northern Ireland and the easternmost point of Ireland and it is currently one of only two counties of Ireland to have a majority of the population from a Protestant background, according to the 2001 census. The other is County Antrim to the north, during the Williamite War in Ireland the county was a centre of Protestant rebellion against the rule of the Catholic James II. After forming a force the Protestants were defeated by the Irish Army at the Break of Dromore and forced to retreat. Later the same year Marshal Schombergs large Williamite expedition arrived in Belfast Lough, after laying siege to Carrickfergus Schomberg marched south to Dundalk Camp, clearing County Down and much of the rest of East Ulster of Jacobite troops. Down contains two significant peninsulas, Ards Peninsula and Lecale peninsula, the county has a coastline along Belfast Lough to the north and Carlingford Lough to the south. Strangford Lough lies between the Ards Peninsula and the mainland, down also contains part of the shore of Lough Neagh. Smaller loughs include Lough Island Reavy, the River Lagan forms most of the border with County Antrim. The River Bann also flows through the areas of the county. Other rivers include the Clanrye and Quoile, there are several islands off the Down coast, Mew Island, Light House Island and the Copeland Islands, all of which lie to the north of the Ards Peninsula. Gunn Island lies off the Lecale coast, in addition there are a large number of small islands in Strangford Lough. County Down is where, in the words of the song by Percy French, The mountains of Mourne sweep down to the sea. Slieve Donard, at 849 m, is the highest peak in the Mournes, in Northern Ireland, another important peak is Slieve Croob, at 534 m, the source of the River Lagan. An area of County Down is known as the Brontë Homeland, after Patrick Brontë, father of Anne, Charlotte, Emily, Patrick Brontë was born in this region
7.
Strand, London
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Strand is a major thoroughfare in the City of Westminster, Central London. The roads name comes from the Old English strond, meaning the edge of a river, the street was popular with the British upper classes between the 12th and 17th centuries, with many historically important mansions being built between the Strand and the river. These included Essex House, Arundel House, Somerset House, Savoy Palace, Durham House, the aristocracy moved to the West End over the 17th century, following which the Strand became well known for coffee shops, restaurants and taverns. The street was a point for theatre and music hall during the 19th century. At the east end of the street are two churches, St Mary le Strand and St Clement Danes. Several authors, poets and philosophers have lived on or near the Strand, including Charles Dickens, Ralph Waldo Emerson, the street has been commemorated in the song Lets All Go Down the Strand, now recognised as a typical piece of Cockney music hall. The street is the link between the two cities of Westminster and London. It runs eastward from Trafalgar Square, parallel to the River Thames, traffic travelling eastbound follows a short crescent around Aldwych, connected at both ends to the Strand. The road marks the boundary of the Covent Garden district. The name was first recorded in 1002 as strondway, then in 1185 as Stronde and it is formed from the Old English word strond, meaning the edge of a river. Initially it referred to the bank of the once much wider Thames. The name was applied to the road itself. In the 13th century it was known as Densemanestret or street of the Danes, Strand Bridge was the name given to Waterloo Bridge during its construction, it was renamed for its official opening on the second anniversary of the coalition victory in the Battle of Waterloo. London Bus routes 6,23,139 and 176 all run along the Strand, as do numerous night bus services. During Roman Britain, what is now the Strand was part of the route to Silchester, known as Iter VIII on the Antonine Itinerary, and it was briefly part of a trading town called Lundenwic that developed around 600 AD, and stretched from Trafalgar Square to Aldwych. Alfred the Great gradually moved the settlement into the old Roman town of Londinium from around 886 AD onwards, leaving no mark of the old town, and the area returned to fields. In the Middle Ages, the Strand became the route between the separate settlements of the City of London and the royal Palace of Westminster. The landmark Eleanors Cross was built in the 13th century at the end of the Strand at Charing Cross by Edward I commemorating his wife Eleanor of Castile
8.
Gillingham, Kent
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Gillingham /ˈdʒɪlɪŋəm/ is a town in the county of Kent in South East England. For local government purposes it is also in the authority of Medway. The town includes the settlements of Brompton, Hempstead, Wigmore, Parkwood, Rainham, Rainham Mark, Gillingham means a homestead of Gyllas family, from Old English ham and ingas, and was first recorded in the 10th century as Gyllingeham. Also referred to in old texts as Jillyingham Water, hence the pronunciation being Gillingham, Gillingham became an urban district under the Local Government Act 1894, gaining municipal borough status in 1903. John Robert Featherby was the first mayor of the Borough of Gillingham, in 1928 Rainham was added to the Gillingham Borough. Under the Local Government Act 1972 it became a non-metropolitan district and it merged with the other Medway Towns in 1998 under the 1990s UK local government reform, to become part of the Medway unitary authority. The Municipal Buildings in Canterbury Street were built as offices for Gillingham Borough Council. They were opened by the Lord Mayor of London, Sir George Broadbridge, the Lord Mayor was received at Gillingham Railway Station by a guard of honour of boys of HMS Arethusa. Before the Second World War, air raid sirens were placed on the Municipal Buildings, in about 1953, Gillingham Borough Control was built underground, beneath part of the car park. Medway Council then moved into the former Lloyds of London headquarters at Chatham Gun Wharf, and they were sold off in 2008 under a contract which turned them into a residential care home. The town grew along the road from Brompton on the great lines, as such it was a linear development. Close by was the road along the line, linking The Strand. Later, communiites developed along the top road- Watling street – turnpike linking Chatham with Dover, all these communities merged into the town that is called today Gillingham. Gillingham experiences a climate similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. Due to its southerly, sheltered, marine position near the European continent the climate is among the warmest in the whole of England, the name Gillingham is recorded in the Domesday book of 1086. It is said to have named after a warlord, Gyllingas—from the old English gyllan. He was a man in Kent history as he led his warriors into battle screaming and shouting. At the time of the Norman Conquest, Gillingham was a small hamlet, Gillingham itself, at the time, was a small hamlet, built around the parish church and surrounded by large farm-holdings, of which St
9.
Strand, Norway
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Strand is a municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the district of Ryfylke. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Jørpeland, the 218-square-kilometre municipality lies across the fjord from the city of Stavanger. The new Ryfast tunnel system is under construction, which will connect Stavanger, the villages of Sørskår and Fiskå are located in northern Strand, on the southern shore of the Årdalsfjorden. This area of Strand produces fruit, vegetables, and dairy products, the Fiskå Mølle is located in Fiskå. The larger village of Tau is located on the western coast of Strand and it is a transportation hub with ferry connections to the city of Stavanger and bus services to nearby Hjelmelandsvågen and deeper into the Ryfylke district. About 10 kilometres southeast of Tau is the center of Jørpeland. This town is the largest settlement in Strand with about 7,000 people, the cross-country and marathon mountain biker Gunn-Rita Dahle comes from Bjørheimsbygd. She has won a medal in the Summer Olympics 2004. Holtaheia was the mountain behind Holta farm where 34 school boys,2 teachers and 3 crew died, the parish of Strand was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. In 1865, the district of Høgsfjord was separated from Strand to form a new municipality. This left Strand with 2,228 residents, on 1 January 1965, the Sørskår-Sundgardene area was transferred from the neighboring municipality of Årdal to Strand. The municipality is named after the old Strand farm, since the first Strand Church was built there, the name is identical with the word strönd which means strand or beach. The coat-of-arms was granted on 25 May 1973, the arms show three red water wheels on a gray background. The wheels are a symbol for the hydropower, which has been of importance to the municipality, first by using watermills, the Church of Norway has two parishes within the municipality of Strand. It is part of the Ryfylke deanery in the Diocese of Stavanger, Strand is located on the mainland of Norway, on the south side of the vast Boknafjorden. The small islands of Idse and Idsal are located in the southwest part of Strand, the small islands of Heng and Sør-Hidle lie in the large fjord between Strand and Stavanger. The lakes Tysdalsvatnet, Bjørheimsvatnet, and Vostervatnet are all located in Strand, the municipality of Hjelmeland lies to the north and east and Forsand is to the south
10.
Grand Strand
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The Grand Strand is a large stretch of beaches on the East Coast of the United States extending from Little River to Georgetown in the U. S. State of South Carolina. It consists of more than 60 miles along an essentially uninterrupted arc of land, beginning around the Little River. The population of the Grand Strand was 329,449 at the 2010 United States Census, Strand itself derives from the German Strand, meaning beach. The area has become a major tourist attraction along the Southeastern coast, with its city, Myrtle Beach. It is home to restaurants and theme parks, making it popular with families and college students in the summer. According to Köppen climate classification, the Myrtle Beach area has a subtropical climate that is heavily influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. The city experiences cool winters and hot, humid summers, rainfall is plentiful throughout the whole year, but most concentrated during the summer months, where it is not uncommon for almost every day to have at least a 30% chance of rain. The area is susceptible to strong thunderstorms, especially in the summer months and these typically have a very short duration, although some may have intense hail with tornadoes rarely. Snowfall is extremely rare in this part of the state, but does occasionally occur, another severe ice and snow storm struck on January 28,2014. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Long Bay area was inhabited by the native Waccamaw Tribe, the Waccamaw used the river for travel and fished along the shore around Little River. Waties Island, the barrier island along Long Bay, has evidence of burial and shell mounds. The first European settler along Long Bay arrived in the late 18th Century, records are sparse from this period, with most of the recorded history pieced together from old land grants documents. These settlers were met with mixed results, producing unremarkable quantities of indigo and tobacco as the soil was sandy. Prior to the American Revolution, the area along the future Grand Strand was essentially uninhabited, several families received land grants along the coast, including the Withers, John, Richard, William, and Mary. This family received an area around present-day Withers Swash, also known as Myrtle Swash or the 8-Mile Swash, a separate grant was granted to James Minor, including a barrier island named Minor Island, now Waties Island, off of the coast near Little River. As the American colonies gained independence, the area remained unchanged. George Washington scouted out the Southern states during his term, traveling down the Kings Highway and he stayed a night at Windy Hill and was led across Withers Swash to Georgetown by Jeremiah Vereen. The Withers family remained one of the few settlers around Myrtle Beach for the next half-century, in 1822, a strong hurricane swept the house of R. F. Withers into the ocean, drowning 18 people inside
11.
Marvin Braude Bike Trail
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The Marvin Braude Bike Trail, also known as The Strand, is a paved bicycle path that runs mostly along the Pacific Ocean shoreline in Los Angeles County, California. The northern terminus of the trail is a paved Class 1 bicycle path at Will Rogers State Beach in Pacific Palisades, the southern terminus of the trail is in Torrance County Beach in Torrance. The path is 22 miles long, and the midpoint between the two ends of the path is near the end of the Playa del Rey residential area. The Strand was officially renamed in 2006 for Los Angeles City Councilman Marvin Braude, the Strand is not considered a boardwalk because it is not made out of wood boards. The path begins in Will Rogers State Beach in the Pacific Palisades area of the city of Los Angeles and it continues southbound along the beach and passes through Santa Monica State Beach in the city of Santa Monica, where the path passes underneath the Santa Monica Pier. The Santa Monica portion of the path is an 8. 5-mile Class 1 path in Los Angeles County running from Temescal Canyon in the north to Washington Boulevard in Venice in the south. Realizing the success of paved paths in Europe, in the last decade of the nineteenth century. The cost for the path was estimated at $200 per mile, the current path was proposed in the late 1960s and received final approval in 1988. The entire path is along the beach and was opposed by beachfront homeowners. The last section of the path was opened in 1989, the path then passes through in Venice Beach. The Class 1 bicycle path ends at the Venice Fishing Pier, the path continues south through Dockweiler State Beach, El Porto Beach and Manhattan County Beach. The path continues along the beach through Redondo County Beach in the city of Redondo Beach, the path passes through the parking structure of the Redondo Beach pier. Signs instruct riders to dismount and walk their bikes across the entrance to the pier. The path ends in Torrance County Beach, below a parking lot at the base of the Palos Verdes Peninsula hills
12.
Victoria University, Toronto
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Victoria University is a college of the University of Toronto, founded in 1836 and named for Queen Victoria. It is commonly called Victoria College, informally Vic, after the academic component that now forms its undergraduate division. Since 1928, Victoria College has retained secular studies in the liberal arts, Victoria is situated in the northeastern part of the university campus, adjacent to St. Michaels College and Queens Park. Among its residential halls is Annesley Hall, a National Historic Site of Canada, a major centre for Reformation and Renaissance studies, Victoria is home to international scholarly projects and holdings devoted to pre-Puritan English drama and the works of Desiderius Erasmus. Victoria College was founded as the Upper Canada Academy by the Wesleyan Methodist Church. In 1831, a committee decided to locate the academy on four acres of land in Cobourg, Ontario, east of Toronto, because of its central location in a large town and access by land. The school officially opened to male and female students on October 12,1836, with Ryerson as the first president, although the school taught a variety of liberal arts subjects, it also functioned as an unofficial Methodist seminary. In 1841, it was incorporated as Victoria College, named for Queen Victoria, john Harper designed Victoria University Medical College, Gerrard Street East at Sackville Street, Toronto which was demolished. Victoria University was formed in 1884 when Victoria College and Albert University federated with each other, in 1890, Victoria University federated with the University of Toronto. In 1892, Victoria University moved from Cobourg to its current campus on Queens Park Crescent, south of Bloor Street, a plaque was erected at 100 University Avenue at the intersection with College Street in Cobourg, Ontario. Victoria College The cornerstone of this building was laid June 7,1832, first operated under a royal charter by the Wesleyan Methodists as Upper Canada Academy, in 1841 it obtained a provincial charter under the name of Victoria College, giving it power to grant degrees. Victoria’s first president was the Reverend Egerton Ryerson, newspaper editor, in 1890 the college federated with the University of Toronto and, in 1892, left Cobourg. James Loudon, a former President of the universities, had prohibited dancing at the University of Toronto until 1896. However, dancing at Victoria was not officially permissible until thirty years later, the WWI list of honour was erected by the Alumni and Alumnae Associations on October 13,1923 while the WWII list of honour was erected by the Board of Regents. In 1928, the independent Union College federated with the department of Victoria College. On the old Ontario strand for piano by Joyce Belyea was published for the Victoria College Music Club between 1946 and 1948 by the J. H, peel Music Pub. Co. in Toronto. The main building, Old Vic, is an example of Richardsonian Romanesque architectural style, the architect was W. G. Storm, who died shortly after completion. The campus is centred on the quadrangle of Victoria, outlined by the upper and lower houses of Burwash Hall
