1.
Telephone numbers in Slovakia
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This page details the format and usage of telephone numbers in Slovakia. Today, Slovakia uses a closed numbering plan with area codes beginning with 0, after 0, there is usually a 2-digit prefix, followed by a 7-digit subscriber number. The capital, Bratislava, has one-digit prefix and an 8-digit subscriber number, the following special telephone numbers are valid across the country,112 - General emergency 150 - Fire brigade 155 - Ambulance 158 - Police 159 - Municipal police These numbers are toll-free. Numbering plan published by the Telecommunication Office of the Slovak Republic
2.
Czech Republic
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The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of 78,866 square kilometres with mostly temperate continental climate and it is a unitary parliamentary republic, has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague, with over 1.2 million residents. The Czech Republic includes the territories of Bohemia, Moravia. The Czech state was formed in the late 9th century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire, after the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the Přemyslid dynasty. In 1002, the duchy was formally recognized as part of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 and reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy alongside the Archduchy of Austria, the Protestant Bohemian Revolt against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years War. After the Battle of the White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule, reimposed Roman Catholicism, the Czech part of Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in World War II, and was liberated in 1945 by the armies of the Soviet Union and the United States. The Czech country lost the majority of its German-speaking inhabitants after they were expelled following the war, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia won the 1946 elections. Following the 1948 coup détat, Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet influence, in 1968, increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culminated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring, which ended in a Soviet-led invasion. Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution, when the communist regime collapsed, on 6 March 1990, the Czech Socialistic Republic was renamed to the Czech Republic. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004, it is a member of the United Nations, the OECD, the OSCE, and it is a developed country with an advanced, high income economy and high living standards. The UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development, the Czech Republic also ranks as the 6th most peaceful country, while achieving strong performance in democratic governance. It has the lowest unemployment rate in the European Union, the traditional English name Bohemia derives from Latin Boiohaemum, which means home of the Boii. The current name comes from the endonym Čech, spelled Cžech until the reform in 1842. The name comes from the Slavic tribe and, according to legend, their leader Čech, the etymology of the word Čech can be traced back to the Proto-Slavic root *čel-, meaning member of the people, kinsman, thus making it cognate to the Czech word člověk. The country has traditionally divided into three lands, namely Bohemia in the west, Moravia in the southeast, and Czech Silesia in the northeast. Following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, the Czech part of the former nation found itself without a common single-word geographical name in English, the name Czechia /ˈtʃɛkiə/ was recommended by the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3.
Telephone numbers in Europe
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Telephone numbers in Europe are managed by the national telecommunications authorities of each country. The country calling codes start primarily with 3 and 4, however, some countries that by the Copenhagen criteria are considered part of Europe have country codes from the Asia range, the international access code has been standardized as 00. † = Disputed state, may not be recognized as an independent state by some or all European Union members, *A variable dialing plan has different dialing procedures for local and long distance telephone calls. A call within the city or within an area is dialed only by the subscriber number, while for calls outside the area. For fixed dialing plan it is required to dial all digits of the complete telephone number, including any area codes. Calls between member states would no longer require the use of the access code 00. Instead the digit 1 was proposed for these calls, replaced by +3 for call from outside the EU, each country would have a two-digit country code after the 1 or the +3. Calls inside each country would not be affected, option 3, Creation, in addition to providing numbers for special services, of a clear European numbering identity by using the number 3 to proceed current national country codes. This would liberate up to 50 new country codes within Europe and this would create four different ways of calling someone. For example, to call a number in Berlin, in Germany, a disadvantage would have been that every local number beginning with 1 would have had to be changed. wtng. info/wtng-reg. html#Europewide
4.
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
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Czechoslovakia was created with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I. Soon after, the philosophy of Edvard Beneš pushed for greater unity, some Slovaks were not in favour of this change, and in March 1939, with pressure from Adolf Hitler, the First Slovak Republic was created. Occupation by the Soviet Union after World War II oversaw their reunification into the third Czechoslovak republic, in 1968, the Constitutional Law of Federation reinstated an official federal structure, but during the Normalization period in the 1970s, Gustáv Husák returned most of the control to Prague. This approach encouraged a regrowth of separatism after the fall of communism, by 1991, the Czech Republics GDP per capita was some 20% higher than Slovakias, but its long-run GDP growth was lower. Transfer payments from the Czech budget to Slovakia, which had been the rule in the past, were stopped in January 1991, many Czechs and Slovaks desired the continued existence of a federal Czechoslovakia. Some major Slovak parties, however, advocated a form of co-existence. In the next years, political parties re-emerged, but Czech parties had little or no presence in Slovakia, in order to have a functional state, the government demanded continued control from Prague, while Slovaks continued to ask for decentralization. In 1992, the Czech Republic elected Václav Klaus and others who demanded either an even tighter federation or two independent states, Vladimír Mečiar and other leading Slovak politicians of the day wanted a kind of confederation. The two sides opened frequent and intense negotiations in June, on 17 July, the Slovak parliament adopted the Declaration of independence of the Slovak nation. Six days later, Klaus and Mečiar agreed to dissolve Czechoslovakia at a meeting in Bratislava, Czechoslovak president Václav Havel resigned rather than oversee the dissolution which he had opposed, in a September 1992 poll, only 37% of Slovaks and 36% of Czechs favoured dissolution. The goal of negotiations switched to achieving a peaceful division, on 13 November, the Federal Assembly passed Constitution Act 541 which settled the division of property between the Czech lands and Slovakia. With Constitution Act 542, passed on 25 November, they agreed to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia as of 31 December 1992, in contrast, other post-communist break-ups involved violent conflict. That is why, Czechoslovakia is known as the only former socialist state to have a peaceful breakup. Those who argue from the inevitability stance tend to point to the stereotypes between the two nations, which date back to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and other issues, disputes occurred only with respect to the Czechoslovak national flag. From 1990 to 1992, the red and white Flag of Bohemia officially served as the flag of the Czech Republic, the national territory was divided along the existing internal borders. Nevertheless, the border was not clearly defined at points and, in some areas. Most federal assets were divided in a ratio of 2 to 1, including equipment, rail. Some minor disputes lasted for a few years after dissolution, initially the old Czechoslovak currency, the Czechoslovak koruna, was still used in both countries. Fears of economic loss on the Czech side caused the two states to two national currencies as early as 8 February 1993
5.
Slovakia
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Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Slovakias territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks, the capital and largest city is Bratislava. The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries, in the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samos Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra. In the 10th century, the territory was integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary, which became part of the Habsburg Empire. After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a separate Slovak Republic existed in World War II as a client state of Nazi Germany. In 1945, Czechoslovakia was reëstablished under Communist rule as a Soviet satellite, in 1989 the Velvet Revolution ended authoritarian Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The country maintains a combination of economy with universal health care. The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009, Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area, NATO, the United Nations, the OECD, the WTO, CERN, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and its legal tender, the Euro, is the worlds 2nd most traded currency. Although regional income inequality is high, 90% of citizens own their homes, in 2016, Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories, ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world. Slovakia is the world’s biggest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone, the car industry represents 43 percent of Slovakia’s industrial output, and a quarter of its exports. Radiocarbon datingputs the oldest surviving archaeological artefacts from Slovakia – found near Nové Mesto nad Váhom – at 270,000 BC and these ancient tools, made by the Clactonian technique, bear witness to the ancient habitation of Slovakia. Other stone tools from the Middle Paleolithic era come from the Prévôt cave near Bojnice, the most important discovery from that era is a Neanderthal cranium, discovered near Gánovce, a village in northern Slovakia. The most well-known finds include the oldest female statue made of mammoth-bone, the statue was found in the 1940s in Moravany nad Váhom near Piešťany. Numerous necklaces made of shells from Cypraca thermophile gastropods of the Tertiary period have come from the sites of Zákovská, Podkovice, Hubina and these findings provide the most ancient evidence of commercial exchanges carried out between the Mediterranean and Central Europe. The Bronze Age in the territory of modern-day Slovakia went through three stages of development, stretching from 2000 to 800 BC
6.
T-Mobile
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T-Mobile International AG was a German holding company for Deutsche Telekom AGs mobile communications subsidiaries. From 2003 to 2007 T-Mobile International was one of Deutsche Telekoms segments beside the segments of Broadband/Fixnet, Business Customers and Group HQ and Shared Services. T-Mobile International AG was based in Bonn, Germany and its subsidiaries operated GSM, UMTS and LTE-based cellular networks in Europe, the United States, Puerto Rico, the company had financial stakes in mobile operators in both Central and Eastern Europe. S. Globally, T-Mobile Internationals subsidiaries had a total of approximately 230 million subscribers. Germanys first mobile-communications services were radiotelephone systems that were owned and operated by the postal monopoly. It launched the analog first-generation C-Netz, Germanys first true mobile phone network in 1985, on July 1,1989, West Germany reorganized Deutsche Bundespost and consolidated telecommunications into a new unit, Deutsche Bundespost Telekom. On July 1,1992, it began to operate Germanys first GSM network, along with the C-Netz, the GSM900 MHz frequency band was referred to as the D-Netz, and Telekom named its service D1, the private consortium awarded the second license chose the name D2. Deutsche Bundespost Telekom was renamed Deutsche Telekom AG on January 1,1995 as part of two of the German communications reform. This process of continued in November 1996, when DT was privatized and had the largest European IPO at the time. That same year, DT began to brand its subsidiaries with the T- prefix, in 2002, as DT consolidated its international operations, it anglicized the T-Mobil name to T-Mobile. On July 5,2005 Deutsche Telekom transformed its structure and adopted a regional setup, where available, the local mobile businesses were combined with the respective local wireline businesses to follow the integrated business aproach. In late 2007, it was confirmed that the merger of the high-speed 3G, the merger was completed the following month, the new companys name later being announced as EE. Orange and T-Mobile continued as separate brands in the market until 2015, until 2000, T-Mobile was a shareholder of the former max. mobil. In April 2001, it acquired one hundred percent and subsequently introduced the T-Mobile brand in Austria by rebranding max. mobil. in April 2002 as T-Mobile Austria, in 2005, it acquired former competitor tele. ring from Western Wireless International. It is now used as a discount brand, tele. ring is an Austrian mobile network operator. Since it was bought by T-Mobile in 2006, it is no longer an independent company. Tele. ring is independent and now acts primarily as a discount-offer, similar to Yesss. In the past, tele. ring was known for their aggressive price-politics, T-Mobile entered the Croatian market in October 1999 when DT initially acquired a thirty-five percent interest in Hrvatski telekom, including its cell phone service provider Cronet
7.
Prague
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Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It is the 14th largest city in the European Union and it is also the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters. Prague has been a political, cultural, and economic centre of central Europe with waxing and waning fortunes during its history and it was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. Prague is home to a number of cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence. Main attractions include the Prague Castle, the Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. The city has more than ten major museums, along with theatres, galleries, cinemas. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city, also, it is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe. Prague is classified as an Alpha- global city according to GaWC studies, Prague ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination, and the city more than 6.4 million international visitors annually. Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Istanbul, the region was settled as early as the Paleolithic age. In the last century BC, the Celts were slowly driven away by Germanic tribes, around the area where present-day Prague stands, the 2nd century map of Ptolemaios mentioned a Germanic city called Casurgis. In the following century, the Czech tribes built several fortified settlements in the area, most notably in Levý Hradec, Butovice and in the Šárka valley. The construction of what came to be known as the Prague Castle began near the end of the 9th century, the first masonry under Prague Castle dates from the year 885 at the latest. The other prominent Prague fort, the Přemyslid fort Vyšehrad, was founded in the 10th century, Prague Castle is dominated by the cathedral, which was founded in 1344, but completed in the 20th century. The legendary origins of Prague attribute its foundation to the 8th century Czech duchess and prophetess Libuše and her husband, Přemysl, legend says that Libuše came out on a rocky cliff high above the Vltava and prophesied, I see a great city whose glory will touch the stars. She ordered a castle and a town called Praha to be built on the site, a 17th century Jewish chronicler David Solomon Ganz, citing Cyriacus Spangenberg, claimed that the city was founded as Boihaem in c.1306 BC by an ancient king, Boyya. The region became the seat of the dukes, and later kings of Bohemia, under Roman Emperor Otto II the area became a bishopric in 973
