1.
Bishop, California
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Bishop is a city in Inyo County, California, United States. Though Bishop is the city and the largest populated place in Inyo County. Bishop is located near the end of the Owens Valley. The population was 3,879 at the 2010 census, up from 3,575 at the 2000 census, the town was named after Bishop Creek, flowing out of the Sierra Nevada, the creek was named after Samuel Addison Bishop, a settler in the Owens Valley. Bishop lies west of the Owens River at the end of the Owens Valley. It is on U. S. Route 395, the main artery through the Owens Valley, connecting the Inland Empire to Reno. US395 also connects Bishop to Los Angeles via State Route 14 through Palmdale, Bishop is the western terminus of U. S. Route 6. The Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony control land just west of the town, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power controls much of the upstream and surrounding area. Bishop is immediately to the east of the Sierra Nevada, numerous peaks are within a short distance of Bishop, including Mount Humphreys, to the west, White Mountain Peak in the northeast, and pyramidal Mount Tom northwest of town. Basin Mountain is viewed to the west from Bishop as it rises above the Buttermilks, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.9 square miles, over 97% of it land. The festival attracts tourists, primarily from the Southern California area. Bishop is well known in the climbing community. Near the city are numerous climbing spots that attract visitors from around the world, there are over 2,000 bouldering problems in Bishop. The two main types of rock are volcanic tuff and granite.18 inches of precipitation, and is part of USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 7. The wettest year was 1969 with 17.09 in of precipitation, measurable precipitation occurs on an average of 27.6 days annually. The most precipitation in one month was 8.93 in in January 1969, which included 4.00 in on January 4, snowfall averages 6.8 inches per year. The snowiest season was from July 1968 to June 1969 with 57.1 inches, which included the snowiest month, January 1969, at 23.2 inches. There is an average of 2.5 nights of sub 10 °F lows,134 nights where the low reaches the mark,100 days with 90 °F + highs
2.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
3.
AM broadcasting
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AM broadcasting is the process of radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation. AM was the first method of impressing sound on a signal and is still widely used today. Commercial and public AM broadcasting is authorized in the wave band worldwide. Commercial AM broadcasting developed from amateur broadcasts around 1920, and was the commercially important form of radio broadcasting until FM broadcasting began after World War II. This period is known as the Golden Age of Radio, today, AM competes with FM, as well as with various digital radio broadcasting services distributed from terrestrial and satellite transmitters. AM broadcasting was the first broadcasting technology invented, the technology of amplitude modulation radio transmission was developed between 1900 and 1920. This was used for private communication and message traffic, such as telegrams. The entrepreneurs who developed AM radiotelephone transmission did not anticipate broadcasting voice, the term broadcasting, borrowed from agriculture, was applied to this new activity around 1920. Prior to 1920 there was no concept of broadcasting, or that radio listeners could be a market for entertainment. Although there were a number of broadcasts during this period. True radio broadcasting didnt begin until around 1920, when it sprang up spontaneously among amateur stations, AM remained the dominant method of broadcasting for the next 30 years, a period called the Golden Age of Radio, until FM broadcasting started to become widespread in the 1950s. AM remains a popular, profitable entertainment medium today and the dominant form of broadcasting in some such as Australia. The first AM voice transmission was made by Canadian researcher Reginald Fessenden on 23 December 1900, Fessenden is a significant figure in the development of AM radio. He helped develop one of the first – the Alexanderson alternator, the first practical continuous wave AM transmitters were based on versions of the Poulsen arc transmitter invented in 1903, and the huge, expensive Alexanderson alternator, developed 1906–1910. The modifications necessary to transmit AM were clumsy and resulted in low audio quality. Modulation was usually accomplished by a carbon microphone inserted directly in the antenna wire, the limited power handling ability of the microphone severely limited the power of the first radiotelephones, in powerful transmitters water-cooled microphones had to be used. At the receiving end, the crystal radio receivers then in use could not drive loudspeakers, only earphones. The discovery in 1912 of the ability of the Audion vacuum tube, invented in 1906 by Lee De Forest
4.
KBOV
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KBOV is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format to the Bishop, California, United States area. The station is owned by Great Country Broadcasting, Inc. Signed on in 1953 as KIBS, was only radio station in Bishop until it launched KIBS-FM in 1967. FM failed and went dark in 1969, resurrected under the ownership of former KIBS DJ Roy Mayhugh in 1974 as KIOQ. Query the FCCs AM station database for KBOV Radio-Locator Information on KBOV Query Nielsen Audios AM station database for KBOV FCC History Cards for KBOV
5.
FM broadcasting
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FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation technology. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, it is used worldwide to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio, FM broadcasting is capable of better sound quality than AM broadcasting, the chief competing radio broadcasting technology, so it is used for most music broadcasts. FM radio stations use the VHF frequencies, the term FM band describes the frequency band in a given country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting. Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion thereof, with few exceptions, In the former Soviet republics, and some former Eastern Bloc countries, assigned frequencies are at intervals of 30 kHz. This band, sometimes referred to as the OIRT band, is slowly being phased out in many countries, in those countries the 87. 5–108.0 MHz band is referred to as the CCIR band. In Japan, the band 76–95 MHz is used, the frequency of an FM broadcast station is usually an exact multiple of 100 kHz. In most of South Korea, the Americas, the Philippines, in some parts of Europe, Greenland and Africa, only even multiples are used. In the UK odd or even are used, in Italy, multiples of 50 kHz are used. There are other unusual and obsolete FM broadcasting standards in countries, including 1,10,30,74,500. Random noise has a triangular spectral distribution in an FM system and this can be offset, to a limited extent, by boosting the high frequencies before transmission and reducing them by a corresponding amount in the receiver. Reducing the high frequencies in the receiver also reduces the high-frequency noise. These processes of boosting and then reducing certain frequencies are known as pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, the amount of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis used is defined by the time constant of a simple RC filter circuit. In most of the world a 50 µs time constant is used, in the Americas and South Korea,75 µs is used. This applies to both mono and stereo transmissions, for stereo, pre-emphasis is applied to the left and right channels before multiplexing. They cannot be pre-emphasized as much because it would cause excessive deviation of the FM carrier, systems more modern than FM broadcasting tend to use either programme-dependent variable pre-emphasis, e. g. dbx in the BTSC TV sound system, or none at all. Long before FM stereo transmission was considered, FM multiplexing of other types of audio level information was experimented with. Edwin Armstrong who invented FM was the first to experiment with multiplexing and these original FM multiplex subcarriers were amplitude modulated
6.
KQMC
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KQMC is a radio station licensed to serve Hawthorne, Nevada. The station is owned by American Educational Broadcasting, Inc and it airs a Classical Music format. The station was assigned the KQMC call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on February 5,2003, KQMC official website Query the FCCs FM station database for KQMC Radio-Locator information on KQMC Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KQMC
7.
KUNR
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KUNR is the flagship National Public Radio station in Reno, Nevada. Owned by the University of Nevada, Reno, it is a typical public radio outlet airing classical music, jazz. KUNR signed on in October 1963 and it did not join NPR until 1981. It also serves as Carson Citys NPR news affiliate, and thus is the exclusive Nevada home of Diane Rehms talk show, the station operates a full-time satellite, KNCC in Elko, along with 13 translators across Nevada and California. All but one directly repeat KUNR
8.
KDOX (FM)
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Pilgrim Radio is a network of radio stations broadcasting a Christian Radio format. Pilgrim Radio is listener-supported and commercial-free, the network is owned and operated by Western Inspirational Broadcasters, Inc. a 5013 tax-exempt non-profit organization. In addition to streaming its programming at pilgrimradio and its signal is also extended by a network of 32 FM translators in Nevada, California, and Wyoming. Pilgrim Radios website Pilgrim Radios webcast
9.
KSRW (FM)
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KSRW is a radio station broadcasting an Alternative Rock music format and features programming from Westwood One. The station is rebroadcast on 96.5 at Mammoth Lakes on translator K223BF, licensed to Independence, California, USA, the KSRW92.5 radio station serves the Bishop area. The station is owned by Benett Kessler, through licensee Benett Kessler II Trust. KSRW flipped to the Alternative Rock format on September 6,2015, official website KSRW Live Radio Stream Query the FCCs FM station database for KSRW Radio-Locator information on KSRW Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KSRW
10.
KIBS
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KIBS is a radio station broadcasting a Country music format. Licensed to Bishop, California, United States, the station is owned by Great Country Broadcasting. The station went on the air as KIOQ-FM in November,1974, Roy brought in a partner, Los Angeles DJ Jay Stevens, in 1975. On 1985-03-01, the changed its call sign to the current KIBS. Query the FCCs FM station database for KIBS Radio-Locator information on KIBS Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KIBS
