1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Lil' Mo
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Cynthia Karen Loving, best known by her stage name Lil Mo, is an American R&B singer, radio personality, songwriter, and record producer. She debuted on the scene as Missy Elliotts protégée and contributed guest vocals to some of Elliotts work. Thereafter, Lil Mo would go on to release four albums, eleven music videos. Mo would also be responsible for bringing then-unknown rapper Fabolous to mainstream media attention. Born into a family, Loving was raised primarily on Long Island, New York. Along with her parents, Bishop Jacob and First-Lady Cynthia Loving Sr. she lived in Texas, Georgia, dreams of becoming a famous singer began early and she always pertained to the goal, performing in talent competitions wherever her family would settle. By her adulthood, Mo set out to reside in New York Citys Manhattan borough, intrigued by Lil Mos voice, Missy Elliott requested Mo to come to the Elektra Recording studios immediately in New Jersey. Upon her arrival, Mo landed a deal with Elektra. Shortly after the release of labelmate Nicoles 1998 debut album, Make It Hot, in between recording sessions for the debut, Mo would either collaborate on Elliotts records or perform in Elliotts touring venues. By fall 1998, Elektra Records had serviced Mos debut single,5 Minutes to radio airwaves as the lead single for both the Why Do Fools Fall in Love soundtrack and Mos debut. However, because the single underperformed in the US, the song was pulled from the final track-listing of Mos debut album, as a scheduled release date for March 1999 approached, Elektra pushed the album multiple times in hopes of revamping Mos image and sound. By late 1999, Mo would go on to further exposure for her appearance on Ol Dirty Bastards Good Morning Heartache. Mos next big exposure came in 2000, when she was granted her own company, HoneyChild Entertainment. The single was a hit on urban and pop radio, and reached number eight on the US pop charts. More collaborations by Ja Rule and Lil Mo followed, including I Cry, after years of successful collaborations, Lil Mo would finally release a successful hit of her own, Superwoman Pt. II, on March 6,2001. The single peaked at #11 on Billboard Hot 100 and helped bring underground rapper Fabolous to mainstream attention, on June 26,2001, Mos debut album, Based on a True Story was released to generally favorable reviews. Additionally, the peaked at #14 on Billboard 200 and attained a gold certification from the RIAA. In August 2001, the debut generated a single titled Gangsta
3.
Lil' Kim
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Kimberly Denise Jones, known by her stage name Lil Kim, is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, model, and actress. She was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York, living much of her adolescent life on the streets after being expelled from home. In her teens, Jones would freestyle rap, heavily influenced by actress/singer Diana Ross, performing a freestyle rap for The Notorious B. I. G. got her music career start in 1995 with his group Junior M. A. F. I. A. Whose debut album Conspiracy generated two top 20 singles in the United States and her following albums, The Notorious K. I. M. and La Bella Mafia, were certified Platinum, making her the only female rapper besides Missy Elliott to have at least 3 Platinum albums. In addition, the remake won two MTV Video Music Awards including Video of the Year, and a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 44th Grammy Awards in 2002. In 2005, she served a prison sentence for lying to a jury about her friends involvement in a shooting four years earlier. During her incarceration, her fourth album The Naked Truth was released and she returned to the public eye in 2009 with an appearance on Dancing with the Stars. Throughout her career, Jones has sold over 15 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide. Jones has earned many accolades and honorific titles for her work including the Queen of Hip-Hop. Her songs No Time, Big Momma Thang and Ladies Night were listed on Complex Magazines The 50 Best Rap Songs By Women, at number 24,13 and 7, respectively. Crush On You, Its All About the Benjamins and Money, Power, in 2012, Lil Kim was honorably listed on VH1s 100 Greatest Women In Music list at number 45, the second highest position for a solo female hip-hop artist. Jones was born in the Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, the child of Linwood Jones, a former U. S. Marine. She has one brother named Christopher. As a child, Jones attended Queen of All Saints Elementary School in Brooklyn, at the age of 9, her parents separated, and Jones was raised by her father, with whom she had a tumultuous relationship. After being kicked out of her house by her dad, Jones dropped out of high school, while still a teen, Jones met The Notorious B. I. G. Jones attended Sarah J. Hale Vocational High School for two and a half years, many of her friends also went there and she would often skip school to hang out with them. Since her school work wasnt being completed, the decision was made for her to transfer to Brooklyn College Academy to finish her remaining year and it was the same school that fellow rappers Nas and Foxy Brown also attended. In 1994, B. I. G. was instrumental in introducing and promoting the Brooklyn-based group, which included Jones, who was only 19 at the time. Wallace wrote most of the albums material, Three hit singles came from Conspiracy, Players Anthem, I Need You Tonight, and Get Money
4.
Meet the Girl Next Door
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Recorded during Mos eighth-month preagnancy, it features guest appearances by Fabolous, Lil Kim, Missy Elliott, Chucky Thompson, Bryan-Michael Cox, Warryn Campbell, Precision and rapper Free. Less than a year after Mos debut album was certified Gold by the RIAA and she decided to work with producers that didnt get the credit they deserved. In 2002, Lil Mo developed an interest in communications after her work as a anchor for Baltimore urban radio station WXYV-FM. That same year, Mo began work on her second album, Mo revealed to Billboard magazine that she was going to purposely use a different sound for the effort in hopes of convincing the public to overlook her credibility for Superwoman Pt. II. As early as December 2002, the album generated three singles, 4Ever,21 Answers and Ten Commandments, the former being the only successful, alongside being granted a music video release. On April 29,2003, Meet the Girl Next Door was released to favorable reviews, promotion for the album was limited, according to Lil Mo, this was largely due to the fact that she was pregnant and Elektra did not give her proper support. Despite minimal promotion, Mo went on to perform the album singles on very few shows, including Jimmy Kimmel Live. 4Ever was released on February 18,2003 as the lead single from the album. The song features guest vocals by rapper Fabolous and production by Bryan-Michael Cox and it peaked #37 at Billboard Hot 100, #13 at Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #24 at the Rhythmic chart. The second single Ten Commandments was released on radio airplay on October 25,2002, the song peaked #1 at Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles. Reviews for the album were mostly positive, unlike her debut album, Meet the Girl Next Door was given 4/5 stars by Andy Kellman of AllMusic, who described Mos voice more rangy and versatile. He also stated that the album had terrific highlights, as well as more lyrics than her debut. However, he described the album being, four songs too long and its apparent that Lil Mo really ought to devote the bulk of her working time — if not all of it — to making music. Upon its release, Meet the Girl Next Door debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 17, to date, it remained her highest-charting album on the latter chart. The album sold an estimate of 110,000 copies within its first week, in February 2003, 4Ever, featuring Fabolous, was released as a lead single for the album, and received somewhat lukewarm reviews by most critics. The song peaked at number 37 on Billboard Hot 100 and at number 13 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. Ten Commandments, featuring Lil Kim, was slated to follow as the single, however, due to limited promotion, and failed attempts for a video. 21 Answers was sent to radio in May 2003 as a promotional single, because it did not finalize in time to meet the albums deadline, it never appeared on the original track listing. Because of lack of promotion for the album, as well as no new singles to be released, Meet the Girl Next Door at AllMusic
5.
LP record
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The LP is an analog sound storage medium, a vinyl record format characterized by a speed of 33 1⁄3 rpm, a 12 or 10 inch diameter, and use of the microgroove groove specification. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry. Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, the new product was a 12- or 10-inch fine-grooved disc made of vinyl and played with a smaller-tipped microgroove stylus at a speed of 33 1⁄3 rpm. Each side of a 12-inch LP could play for more than 20 minutes, although the LP was suited to classical music because of its extended continuous playing time, it also allowed a collection of ten or more pop music recordings to be put on a single disc. The use of the word album persisted for the one-disc LP equivalent, the prototype of the LP was the soundtrack disc used by the Vitaphone motion picture sound system, developed by Western Electric and introduced in 1926. For soundtrack purposes, the less than five minutes of playing time of side of a conventional 12-inch 78 rpm disc was not acceptable. The sound had to play continuously for at least 11 minutes, long enough to accompany a full 1, the disc diameter was increased to 16 inches and the speed was reduced to 33 1⁄3 revolutions per minute. Unlike their smaller LP descendants, they were made with the same large standard groove used by 78s, unlike conventional records, the groove started at the inside of the recorded area near the label and proceeded outward toward the edge. Like 78s, early soundtrack discs were pressed in an abrasive shellac compound, syndicated radio programming was distributed on 78 rpm discs beginning in 1928. The desirability of a longer continuous playing time soon led to the adoption of the Vitaphone soundtrack disc format, 16-inch 33 1⁄3 rpm discs playing about 15 minutes per side were used for most of these electrical transcriptions beginning about 1930. Transcriptions were variously recorded inside out like soundtrack discs or with an outside start, some transcriptions were recorded with a vertically modulated hill and dale groove. This was found to allow deeper bass and also an extension of the frequency response. Neither of these was necessarily an advantage in practice because of the limitations of AM broadcasting. Today we can enjoy the benefits of those higher-fidelity recordings, even if the radio audiences could not. Initially, transcription discs were pressed only in shellac, but by 1932 pressings in RCA Victors vinyl-based Victrolac were appearing, by the late 1930s, vinyl was standard for nearly all kinds of pressed discs except ordinary commercial 78s, which continued to be made of shellac. Use of the LPs microgroove standard began in the late 1950s, the King Biscuit Flower Hour is a late example, as are Westwood Ones The Beatle Years and Doctor Demento programs, which were sent to stations on LP at least through 1992. RCA Victor introduced a version of a long-playing record for home use in September 1931. These Program Transcription discs, as Victor called them, played at 33 1⁄3 rpm and used a somewhat finer and they were to be played with a special Chromium Orange chrome-plated steel needle
6.
12-inch single
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The 12-inch single is a type of gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time compared to typical LPs. This allows for levels to be cut on the disc by the cutting engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range. This record type is used in disco and dance music genres. They are played at either 33 1⁄3 or 45 rpm, 12-inch singles typically have much shorter playing time than full-length LPs, thus require fewer grooves per inch. This extra space permits a broader dynamic range or louder recording level as the grooves excursions can be greater in amplitude. Many record companies began producing 12-inch singles at 33 1⁄3 rpm, although 45 rpm gives better treble response and was used on many 12-inch singles, the gramophone records cut especially for dance-floor DJs came into existence with the advent of recorded Jamaican mento music in the 1950s. With the 1967 Jamaican invention of remix, called dub on the island, those specials became valuable items sold to allied sound system DJs, who could draw crowds with their exclusive hits. The popularity of sound engineer King Tubby, who singlehandedly invented and perfected dub remixes from as early as 1967. By then 10-inch records were used to cut those dubs, by 1971, most reggae singles issued in Jamaica included on their B-side a dub remix of the A-side, many of them first tested as exclusive dub plates on dances. Those dubs basically included drum and bass-oriented remixes used by sound system selecters, the 10-inch acetate specials would remain popular until at least the 2000s in Jamaica. Most likely, the use of exclusive dub acetates in Jamaica also led American DJs to do the same. In the United States, the 12-inch single gramophone record came into popularity with the advent of music in the 1970s after earlier market experiments. In early 1970, Cycle/Ampex Records test-marketed a 12-inch single by Buddy Fite, the experiment aimed to energize the struggling singles market, offering a new option for consumers who had stopped buying traditional singles. The record was pressed at 33 rpm, with run times to the 7-inch 45-rpm pressing of the single. Several hundred copies were available for sale for 98 cents each at two Tower Records stores. Another early 12-inch single was released in 1973 by soul/R&B musician/songwriter/producer Jerry Williams, 12-inch promotional copies of Straight From My Heart were released on his own Swamp Dogg Presents label, with distribution by Jamie/Guyden Distribution Corporation. It was manufactured by Jamie Record Co. of Philadelphia, PA, the B-side of the record is blank. The first 12-inch single made specifically for DJs was actually a 10-inch acetate used by a mix engineer in need of a Friday-night test copy for famed disco mixer Tom Moulton, the song was Ill be holding on by Al Downing
7.
Recording studio
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A recording studio is a facility for sound recording and mixing. Ideally both the recording and monitoring spaces are designed by an acoustician or audio engineer to achieve optimum acoustic properties. The engineers and producers listen to the music and the recorded tracks on monitor speakers and/or headphones. Major recording studios typically have a range of large, heavy, Isolation booths are small sound-insulated rooms with doors, designed for instrumentalists. This equipment may interfere with the recording process, Recording studios are carefully designed around the principles of room acoustics to create a set of spaces with the acoustical properties required for recording sound with precision and accuracy. This will consist of both room treatment and soundproofing to prevent sound from leaving the property. Even though sound isolation is a key goal, the musicians, singers, audio engineers and record producers still need to be able to see other, to see cue gestures. As such, the room, isolation booths, vocal booths. Some smaller studios do not have instruments, and bands and artists are expected to bring their own instruments, having musical instruments and equipment in the studio creates additional costs for a studio, as pianos have to be tuned and instruments need to be maintained. However, it makes it convenient for recording artists, as they do not have to bring in large. As well, less costly studio time is spent moving in gear, drummers bring their own snare drum, cymbals and sticks/brushes. The types and brands of equipment owned by a studio depends on the styles of music for the bands. A studio that mainly records heavy metal music will be likely to have large, powerful guitar amp heads, in contrast, a studio which mainly records country bands will likely have a selection of small, vintage combo amps. A studio that records a lot of 1970s-style funk may have an electric piano. General purpose computers have rapidly assumed a role in the recording process. A computer thus outfitted is called a Digital Audio Workstation, or DAW, other software applications include Ableton Live, Mixcraft, Cakewalk Sonar, ACID Pro, FL Studio, Adobe Audition, Auto-Tune, Audacity, and Ardour. While Apple Macintosh is used for most studio work, there is a breadth of available for Microsoft Windows. If no mixing console is used and all mixing is done using only a keyboard and mouse, the OTB is used when mixing with other hardware and not just the PC software
8.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
9.
Contemporary R&B
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Contemporary R&B, also known as simply R&B, is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop and dance. The genre features a record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, an occasional saxophone-laced beat to give a jazz feel. Electronic influences are becoming a trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of melisma, popularized by such as Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Craig David, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston. That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences and this combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed new jack swing and was applied to artists such as Bobby Brown, Keith Sweat, Al B. Guy, Jodeci and Bell Biv DeVoe, the style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence. In 1990 Mariah Carey released Vision of Love as her debut single and it was immensely popular peaking at number 1 in many worldwide charts including the Billboard Hot 100, and it propelled Mariahs carrier. The song is said to have popularized the use of melisma. During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houstons The Bodyguard, Original Soundtrack Album sold over 40 million copies becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jacksons self-titled fifth studio album janet. which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No.1 hits, including One Sweet Day, Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single Fantasy, with Ol Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream, II and CrazySexyCool. In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by such as DAngelo, Erykah Badu. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles, beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first, simultaneously, in the second half of the 1990s, The Neptunes and Timbaland set influential precedence on contemporary R&B and hip hop music. R&B acts such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Usher, in 2001, Alicia Keys released Fallin as her debut single. It peaking at one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40
10.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
11.
Elektra Records
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Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt. It played an important role in the development of folk music. In 2004, it was consolidated into WMGs Atlantic Records Group, after five years of dormancy, the label was revived as an imprint of Atlantic in 2009. The label has been run by Gregg Nadel since 2015 who officially became its president in 2017, Elektra was formed in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt in Holzmans St. Johns College dorm room. The usual spelling of the Greek mythological Pleiad Electra was changed, Holzman famously explained, I gave her the ‘K’ that I lacked. He found the C in the name too soft but liked the solid bite of the letter K. The first Elektra LP, New Songs, was a collection of Lieder and similar art songs, Holzman also recorded Josh White, who was without a record deal as a result of McCarthyite blacklisting. In 1964, Elektra launched Nonesuch Records and this classical budget label was the best-selling budget classical label of the era. In 1965, Elektra began a joint venture with Survey Music called Bounty Records which was Elektras first foray into pop music. The most notable signing for Bounty was the Paul Butterfield Band who was moved over to Elektra when Bounty folded, the labels most important signings were the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band, the Los Angeles bands Love and The Doors, and the Detroit bands The Stooges and MC5. Included in Elektras LA signings were Tim Buckley and Bread, in 1968, the label also signed pioneering rock guitar soloist Lonnie Mack to a three-album deal. Also in 1967, Elektra launched its influential Nonesuch Explorer Series, excerpts from several Nonesuch Explorer recordings were later included on the two Voyager Golden Discs which were sent into deep space in 1977 aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes. Elektra, along with its Nonesuch Records subsidiary, was acquired by Kinney National Services in 1970, soon afterwards, Kinney consolidated their label holdings under the Warner-Elektra-Atlantic umbrella. Holzman remained in charge of Elektra until 1972, when it merged with Asylum Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records, Asylums founder, David Geffen, would head the newly combined label. Holzman, in the meantime, was appointed vice president and chief technologist for Warner — ushering the company into home video. Holzman also went on to acquire Discovery Records, in 1975, Geffen stepped down due to health problems. He would be replaced by Joe Smith, who went on to become CEO of Capitol Records. Although the company was listed as Elektra/Asylum Records on the label credits
12.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
13.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
14.
4Ever (Lil' Mo song)
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4Ever is the lead single from Lil Mos second album, Meet the Girl Next Door. The song features guest vocals by rapper Fabolous and production by Bryan-Michael Cox, prior to its official physical release, the song was serviced to radio stations through airplay in early December 2002. Upon its release, critics referred to the single as an uptempo wedding ode, on January 19,2003, a two-day filming shoot began for the music video of 4Ever, which was directed by Benny Boom in Brooklyn, New York. The video initially premiered on BET in late February 2003, the synopsis of the video focuses on Lil Mos reminiscent memories of her boyfriend as she climbs the stairs of an apartment. Each step she takes, Mo receives a flashback, one of which of course features Fabolous
15.
Can't Let You Go
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Cant Let You Go is a song by American hip-hop artist Fabolous. It was released in February 2003 as the single from his second studio album Street Dreams. The song features Mike Shorey and Lil Mo and was produced by Just Blaze. When Lil Mo was going to record the first single to her album titled Superwoman. She had previously worked with Jay-Z and Ja Rule, but wanted Fabolous on the track, despite only hearing him on a mixtape. The music video was filmed in Los Angeles, California on February 21 and 22,2003, after the video for Lil Mos 4Ever was filmed in Brooklyn. Directed by Erik White, the video starts with Fabolous creeping back into bed in the morning with one twin sister, after spending the night with the other twin. It continues showing him with the two women in places, expressing his admiration for both, even buying two copies of a necklace for each twin. Mike Shorey and Lil Mo sing the chorus after each dating scene, at a restaurant, the two women confront each other, then confront Fabolous and begin to argue. The video then switches to a song titled Damn, where Fabolous is rapping in front of lighted letters that read damn while women dance behind him, – executive producer, A&R Skane – executive producer Music video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
16.
The Jump Off
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The Jump Off is a song by American rapper Lil Kim, released as the first single from her third studio album La Bella Mafia. It was produced by Timbaland and features Mr. Cheeks, the single debuted at number 95 and climbed into the Top 20 at number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100. A memorable lyric from the song was I can make a Sprite can disappear in my mouth, on the songs remix, Kim went further with the controversy by saying, You thought the Sprite can was off the meter/Imagine what I do with a two-liter. The Jump Off means something that gets the party going and is slang for the best. The chorus of the samples the Lost Boyzs 1995 song Jeeps, Lex Coups. Kim decided to sample the song for the hook because it was one of her songs during that time and felt it fit the storyline. A remix featuring Mobb Deep was also released but was used as a promotional single, the remix retained the same beat as the original, as well as Mr. Cheeks with background vocals, but featured new verses from Kim as well as Mobb Deep. There is also a remix to this song which features T. I. Nicki Minaj made a cover of The Jump Off and renamed it to Jump Off 07, the music video for the song was filmed at Capitale in New York City. It was directed by Benny Boom, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
17.
Magic Stick
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Magic Stick is a song performed by American hip hop recording artist Lil Kim, released on April 8,2003, as the second single from her third studio album La Bella Mafia. The song features fellow American rapper 50 Cent and was produced by Carlos Fantom of the Beat Evans, despite not having a physical release or music video, the song performed well on the charts, peaking at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song samples It Bes That Way Sometimes by Joe Simon, the song was originally written for 50 Cents album Get Rich or Die Tryin, and featured rapper Trina. After Trina sent her back to 50 Cent, he decided that she wasnt suited well for the song. 50 Cent then sent the song to Lil Kim, Lil Kim failed to send the song back to 50 Cent in time to make the deadline for Get Rich or Die Tryin, so 50 Cent let Kim use it for her album, La Bella Mafia. A sequel to Magic Stick, titled Wanna Lick, was recorded by the pair, the Song is featured in the film Now You See Me 2. The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on April 26,2003 at number 75 peaking at number two, a video was scheduled to be shot, but problems between Lil Kim and 50 Cent caused the shoot to be canceled. It did, however, receive massive radio airplay, peaking at one on the airplay chart. It spent a total of 24 weeks on the Hot 100 and it became Kims highest charting single as a lead artist and her second highest overall, behind Lady Marmalade. It also became 50 Cents second overall top-ten and top-three single, Kim and 50 Cent performed the song in 2011 at the latters show in Australia. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Audio of the version of the song at GrooveShark
18.
Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
19.
The Notorious B.I.G.
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Christopher George Latore Wallace, better known by his stage names The Notorious B. I. G. Biggie, or Biggie Smalls, was an American rapper and he is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all time. Wallace was raised in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the following year, Wallace led his childhood friends to chart success through his protégé group, Junior M. A. F. I. A. While recording his album, Wallace was heavily involved in the growing East Coast–West Coast hip hop feud. On March 9,1997, Wallace was killed by an assailant in a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles. Wallace was noted for his loose, easy flow, dark semi-autobiographical lyrics, two more albums have been released since his death. He has certified sales of 17 million units in the United States and his father left the family when Wallace was two years old, and his mother worked two jobs while raising him. Wallace grew up in the Clinton Hill section of Brooklyn on 226 St. James Place near the border of Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, at Queen of All Saints Middle School, Wallace excelled in class, winning several awards as an English student. He was nicknamed Big because of his size by age 10. He said he started dealing drugs when he was around the age of 12 and his mother, often away at work, did not know of her sons drug dealing until Wallace was an adult. According to his mother, Wallace was still a good student, at age seventeen, Wallace dropped out of school and became further involved in crime. In 1989, he was arrested on charges in Brooklyn. In 1990, he was arrested on a violation of his probation, a year later, Wallace was arrested in North Carolina for dealing crack cocaine. He spent nine months in jail before making bail, Wallace began rapping when he was a teenager. He entertained people on the streets and performed with groups the Old Gold Brothers. The tape was made with no serious intent of getting a recording deal. However, it was promoted by New York-based DJ Mister Cee, who had worked with Big Daddy Kane. In March 1992, Wallace was featured in The Sources Unsigned Hype column, dedicated to aspiring rappers, the demo tape was heard by Uptown Records A&R and record producer Sean Combs, who arranged for a meeting with Wallace
20.
DJ Premier
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For its 20th-anniversary issue in 2008, The Source selected DJ Premier for its list of the 20 greatest producers in the magazines history. He also made the finals in Vibe magazines 2010 search for the greatest hip hop producer of all time—he finished second after Dr. Dre received 62 percent of the votes. DJ Premier hosts a weekly show, Live From HeadQCourterz. DJ Premier served as one of the three curators for the soundtrack to the video game NBA 2K16, alongside DJ Khaled and DJ Mustard. DJ Premier was born in Houston, Texas, and was raised in Prairie View, Texas, before moving to Brooklyn, New York. He attended Prairie View A&M University, where he honed his skills as the campus DJ. Premier is known for producing all of Gang Starrs songs as well as many of those composed by the Gang Starr Foundation, AZ, Big L, Big Daddy Kane, Bun B, Canibus, Common, DAngelo, D. I. T. C. Dr. Dre, Game, Joey Bada$$, KRS-One, Lord Finesse, Ludacris, mos Def, Nas, Papoose, Rakim, Royce da 59, Snoop Dogg, The LOX, The Notorious B. I. G. Vinnie Paz, Ill Bill, Jay-Z, Kanye West, Immortal Technique, Xzibit, nu metal band Limp Bizkit and Busta Rhymes. Premier collaborated with MC Jeru the Damaja on the album The Sun Rises in the East, released in 1994, as well as the 1996 follow-up, Wrath of the Math. Premier produced and supervised Livin Proof by Group Home, also from the Gang Starr Foundation, although overlooked at the time of its 1995 release, in 2006, pop/R&B singer Christina Aguilera recruited Premier to produce her album Back to Basics. Premier explained the reservations he heard from people regarding the collaboration, When Christina had me work with her, people were like, Oh no. Then when they heard Ain’t No Other Man, Back In The Day, I was worried, but you totally sound like what we love about you. Until you hear it, don’t say a word, I never want to be just attached to hip hop. I want to be attached to music – country, rap, soul, jazz, blues, it doesn’t matter, in 2008, appear in Grand Theft Auto IV as himself radio station The Classics 104.1. Premier produced the majority of Blaq Poets Tha Blaqprint, which was released in mid-2009, Premier contributed a song on Games 2011 album, The R. E. D. Also in 2011, Premier appeared on the song Gangster, on Bushidos album Jenseits von Gut und Böse, Premier was one of the artists followed in the 2012 documentary, Re, GENERATION. The film followed his production of the song Regeneration, for which he used a performance of his work by the Berklee Symphony Orchestra
21.
Let It Go (Keyshia Cole song)
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Let It Go is a song by American R&B recording artist Keyshia Cole. I. G. Production was handled by Elliott and Lamb, with Lil Kim and it also became Coles first number 1 hit on the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 50th annual ceremony, Let It Go was ranked 59th on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007. The single sold two million copies in the US and was certified 2x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. Let It Go is about female empowerment and failed relationships and it is about letting go of a relationship if one partner is not there for the other, and is not interested in showing love or respect. The song Let It Go was originally intended for Fantasia for her album, but she had too many songs on that album. According to 50 Cent in a Hot 97 interview the song was offered to G-Unit artist Oliva who picked another Missy Elliott track instead. Lil Kim appears on the record to pay homage to Biggie, the official Let It Go remix—featuring T. I. Missy Elliott and Young Dro—is included on the Just Like You as the final track, an alternate remix featuring Busta Rhymes and extended verses by Lil Kim remained unreleased till its Internet leak in 2011. The song has become Coles most successful song to date as a lead artist, peaking at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100, list of number-one R&B singles of 2007 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
22.
Vibe (magazine)
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Vibe is an American music and entertainment magazine founded by producer Quincy Jones. The publication predominantly features R&B and hip hop artists, actors. The magazines target demographic is young, urban followers of hip hop culture. In 2014, the magazine moved online-only, Quincy Jones launched Vibe in 1993, in partnership with Time Inc. Originally, the publication had been called Volume before co-founding editor, though hip hop mogul Russell Simmons was rumored to be an initial partner, publisher Len Burnett revealed in a March 2007 interview that Simmons clashed with editor-in-chief Jonathan Van Meter. Miller Publishing bought Vibe in 1996, and shortly afterward bought Spin, private equity firm, Wicks Group, bought the magazine in 2006. Jonathan Van Meters successors were Alan Light, Danyel Smith, Emil Wilbikin, Mimi Valdes, and finally Danyel Smith again. On June 30,2009, it was announced that Vibe was shutting its doors and ceasing publication immediately, although according to Essence, after shutting down, private equity investment fund InterMedia Partners bought Vibe magazine. They added Uptown magazine to Vibes parent company, Vibe Holdings, ronald Burkle and Magic Johnson later invested in the company. Vibe Holdings merged with BlackBook Media to form Vibe Media in 2012, on April 25,2013 it was announced that Vibe magazine along with vibe. com and vibevixen. com had been sold to Spin Media for an undisclosed sum. Instead, they cut the frequency to quarterly. In December 2016, Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group for an undisclosed amount, Vibe magazine was known for the creative direction of their covers. R&B singer Mary J. Blige repeatedly made the cover of Vibe, trio TLC were photographed for the cover in firefighters gear, referencing the fact that member Lisa Lopes burned down the house of then-boyfriend and NFL star Andre Rison. The first non-photograph cover of Vibe was an illustration of late singer Aaliyah by well-known artist/illustrator Alvaro, this was Aaliyahs very first appearance on the cover as well. Other famous cover subjects are, Trey Songz, Brandy, Snoop Dogg, Mariah Carey, Beyoncé, Amerie, Jennifer Lopez, Keyshia Cole, Janet Jackson, Lil Wayne, The Fugees, Eminem, T. I. R. Electro-rapper Kesha made Vibe history when she appeared on the cover in October 2012, the magazine also devoted several pages to photo spreads displaying high-end designer clothing as well as sportswear by urban labels such as Rocawear and Fubu. Vibe made a consistent effort to feature models of all ethnicities in these pages, former editor Emil Wilbikin was frequently credited with styling those pages and keeping fashion in the forefront of the magazines identity during the early 2000s. Many clothing brands created or linked to hip hop celebrities, such as Sean Combs Sean John, Nellys Apple Bottoms, in the September 2003 issue commemorating ten years of publication, the magazine created different covers using black and white portraits of its most popular cover subjects
23.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
24.
TiVo Corporation
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TiVo Corporation is an American technology company. The company holds over 6,000 pending and registered patents, the company also provides analytics and recommendation platforms for the video industry. In 2016, Rovi acquired digital video recorder maker TiVo Inc. Macrovision Corporation was established in 1983. The 1984 film The Cotton Club was the first video to be encoded with Macrovision technology when it was released in 1985, by the end of the 1980s, most major Hollywood studios were utilizing their services. John O. Ryan and William A. Krepick led the company through an IPO in 1997 priced at $9.00 a share. In July 2005, the company hired Alfred J. Amoroso as chief officer and president to succeed William A. Krepick. Macrovision acquired Gemstar-TV Guide on May 2,2008, in a deal worth about $2.8 billion. The combined company would seek to be “the homepage for the TV experience, the divestiture of the software business unit closed on April 1,2008, becoming Acresso Software. Macrovision also ultimately sold off parts of Gemstar-TV Guide not focused on entertainment, including TryMedia, eMeta, TV Guide Magazine, TV Guide Network. The company also bought two companies providing entertainment metadata, All Media Guide on November 6,2007, and substantially all the assets of Muze, on July 16,2009, Macrovision Solution Corporation announced the official change of its name to Rovi Corporation. Rovi announced its first product on January 7,2010 – TotalGuide, on March 16,2010, Rovi acquired MediaUnbound for an undisclosed amount. MediaUnbound had helped build static and dynamic personalization and recommendation engines for such as Napster, eMusic. On June 16,2010, the announced the Rovi Advertising Network which bundled guide advertising. On December 23,2010, the announced its intention to acquire Sonic Solutions. Sonic provided digital video processing, playback and distribution technologies and owned RoxioNow an OTT technology provider, on March 1,2011, Rovi announced its acquisition of online video guide SideReel. The company announced Amorosos intention to retire on May 26,2011, tom Carson, formerly the executive vice president of sales and marketing, was appointed CEO and President in December 2011. Continuing on this path, the made a similar announcement in January 2014 indicating its intent to sell the DivX. On April 1,2013, Rovi acquired Integral Reach, a provider of predictive analysis services, the technology would be integrated into Rovis audience analysis services
25.
Discogs
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Discogs, short for discographies, is a website and crowdsourced database of information about audio recordings, including commercial releases, promotional releases, and bootleg or off-label releases. The Discogs servers, currently hosted under the domain name discogs. com, are owned by Zink Media, Inc. and are located in Portland, Oregon, US. While the site lists releases in all genres and on all formats, it is known as the largest online database of electronic music releases. Discogs currently contains over 8 million releases, by nearly 4 and he was inspired by the success of community-built sites such as Slashdot, eBay, and Open Directory Project, and decided to use this model for a music discography database. The sites original goal was to build the most comprehensive database of music, organized around the artists, labels. In 2003 the Discogs system was rewritten, and in January 2004 it began to support other genres. Since then, it has expanded to include rock and jazz in January 2005 and funk/soul, Latin, in January 2006 blues and non-music were added. On 30 June 2004, Discogs published a report, which included information about the number of its contributors and this report claimed that Discogs had 15,788 contributors and 260,789 releases. On 20 July 2007 a new system for sellers was introduced on the site called Market Price History. However, at the beginning of 2008, the Market Price History was also free of charge for all users. In late 2014, the company released two new beta websites, gearogs lets users add and track music equipment like synths, drum machines, and other electronic music making equipment. At the start of 2015, the company began another beta project — Bibliogs, users can submit information about their books, physical or electronic, different versions and editions, and also connect different credits to these books. 21,000 books were submitted by the end of 2016, the project remains in its beta phase. The license has since changed to a public domain one. Prior to the advent of this license and API, Discogs data was only accessible via the Discogs web sites HTML interface and was intended to be viewed only using web browsers, the HTML interface remains the only authorized way to modify Discogs data. On 7 June 2011 version 2 of the API was released, notable in this release was that a license key was no longer required, the default response was changed from XML to JSON, and the 5000 queries per day limit was removed. On 1 November 2011 a major update to version 2 of the API was released and this new release dropped support for XML, data is always returned in JSON format, however the monthly data dumps of new data are only provided in XML format. Additionally the Premium API service was dropped, on 24 June 2014 Discogs deprecated their XML API in lieu of a JSON-formatted API
26.
Lil' Mo discography
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The discography of American R&B singer-songwriter Lil Mo consists of five studio albums, two mixtapes and fourteen singles. Based on a True Story is Mos debut album, released on June 26,2001 and it peaked at number 14 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart and attained a gold certification from the RIAA. It featured a total of four charting singles,5 Minutes, Ta Da, Superwoman Pt. II, and Gangsta. In 2002, Lil Mo received her first ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Award, BMI Urban Music Award, in April 29,2003, Mo released her second album, Meet the Girl Next Door, which was led by the hit single, 4Ever. In 2003, Lil Mo received two ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Music Awards for Award-Winning R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Award-Winning Rap Songs for her contribution to Fabolous single, the following year, Mo received the ASCAP Pop Music Award for her work on Cant Let You Go. In 2007 and 2011, Lil Mo released her studio efforts, Pain & Paper. Lil Mo discography discography, forum, and marketplace at Discogs
27.
Based on a True Story (Lil' Mo album)
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Based on a True Story is the debut album by American R&B singer Lil Mo, released on June 26,2001, through Elektra Records and Warner Music Group. It peaked at #14 on the U. S Billboard 200 albums chart and it featured a total of three charting singles, Ta Da, Superwoman Pt. II, and Gangsta. Recording for the album began in 1998 when Mo was signed to Elektra, however, the lack of proper charting performance from both singles resulted in a postponement for Based on a True Story, both singles would also be subsequently deleted from the album. In 2000, Mo and her labels, released Ta Da as the official lead single. The song managed to peak at 95 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 21 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, the dispute would later develop over Mos image and the follow-up single, Superwoman. By 2001, Mo later convince Elektra to release Superwoman under the Part II version featuring Fabolous, Mo went on to release another single titled, Gangsta, which failed to match the success of her preceding single. Ta Da was released on April 10,2000 as the single from the album. The song was written by fellow R&B singer Montell Jordan and featured production by Anthony Shep Crawford, background vocals were contributed by Shae Jones, DAndrea Foster, Shonte Taylor and Pam Olivia. Superwoman Pt. II was released on March 6,2001 as the single from the album. The song features the appearance by then-unknown Fabolous and remixed production by hip-hop producers DJ Clue. To date, Superwoman Pt. II remains as Lil Mos most successful single to date as a leading artist, Gangsta, simply known as, Gangsta, was released on August 2001 as the third single from the album. The album was released on June 26,2001 to generally favorable reviews, dan LeRoy of AllMusic gave the album 3/5 stars. He described Mos voice and musical style in comparison towards Mary J. Blige, months afterward, the album would go on to attain a Gold certification from the RIAA
28.
Pain & Paper
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Pain & Paper is the third studio album by American recording artist Lil Mo. The album was released on August 28,2007, by Drakeweb Music Group and it sold only 6,000 copies it first week. Appearances include Da Brat, Jim Jones, Fabolous, and Trina, producers and songwriters include Jazze Pha, Stargate, Sean Garrett and Ne-Yo. In 2006, Lil Mo, alongside Faith Evans, Fantasia, under her independent label HoneyChild Entertainment, Lil Mo released the album Pain & Paper on August 28,2007 with support from Ike Morris and Morris Management Group. The album featured production from Joey Cutless, Bryan-Michael Cox, Jules Judah, Mike Moore, Troy Taylor, Adam Streets Arwine, Daniel D-Up Allen, Wesley Mister Wes Toone, the first single from the effort included Sumtimes I featuring rapper Jim Jones. Later in the year, a second and final single, Lucky Her, was released, the lead single Sumtimes I was released on June 25,2007. Its music video was directed by Gabriel E. Hart of Drew Barrymores unreleased VH1 program Shoot to Kill, the second single Lucky Her was released on September 2007
29.
P.S. I Love Me
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I Love Me is the fourth studio album from American recording artist Lil Mo, released on November 1,2011 through HoneyChild Entertainment and the Bronx Bridge Entertainment independent label. The title is a reference to the 2007 film P. S, in 2008, under a new label, Global Music Group, Lil Mo began work a new album, formerly titled Tattoos & Roses, The Rebellion Against My Pain. Initially, the album was to include a double disc set, however, plans were scrapped and the album underwent a completely different recording process. The albums title was revised to P. S. I Love Me with guest appearances from Tweet, Dawn Richard, PJ Morton, initial contributors Missy Elliott, MC Lyte and Fabolous did not make the final cut due to undisclosed reasons. Prepping the release of the album, Lil Mo hosted a show in Washington D. C. On November 1,2011, the project was released via HoneyChild Entertainment/Bronx Bridge Entertainment, the lead single On the Floor was released on June 11,2011. It features American hype man Fatman Scoop, the music video was released on October 24,2011 and was directed by Brandon Broady. The second single I Love Me was released on September 14,2011 and it features American soul/neo soul singer Tweet. The music video was released on March 15,2012 and was directed by Dantrell DanDaCameraman Cohen, the third single Take Me Away was released on November 21,2011. It features American hip hop recording artist Maino, the music video was released on June 13,2012 and was directed by Rashad Hassan. Credits are taken from the liner notes
30.
5 Minutes (Lil' Mo song)
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5 Minutes is the debut single performed by American R&B vocalist, Lil Mo. The song features production and guest vocals by frequent collaborator Missy Misdemeanor Elliott, the song met generally favorable reviews. AllMusic contributor Stephen Thomas Erlewine praised the song for it being a moment to make a first-rate urban contemporary. A music video for the single was directed by Rashidi Natara Harper in New York City, in spite of the singles non-charting performance in the US, the music video received frequent airplay on BET and College Television Network. The video begins with a toddler riding her bike in a neighborhood in an angle from a paper-machete alien strolling down the street. The video then cuts to Missy Elliott who is sitting in an open-trunk of a vehicle while performing her adlibs, Lil Mo is then shown singing her verses while sitting in a blue chair in a front yard. The video then transitions to Mo picking up her girlfriends and riding in a car to meet up with the songs antagonist in an attempt to settle a feud, during the songs bridge, Mo and her girls are seen fighting with the antagonist. By the latter, Mo and accompanying backup dancers are caught in a frame while the video intercuts with paper-machete aliens dancing with Missy
31.
Ta Da
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Ta Da is a song by American recording artist Lil Mo. It was released as the single for Mos debut album. The song was written by fellow R&B singer Montell Jordan and featured production by Anthony Shep Crawford, background vocals were contributed by Shae Jones, DAndrea Foster, Shonte Taylor and Pam Olivia. Mo agreed with Elektras decision, stating, We thought it would be a good lead-up single because this is the point in a lot of lives when they claim their independence. When asked on the meaning of the title, Mo added, So you tell your girlfriends. But if you had magic, Im pretty sure youd make him disappear, the song met generally favorable reviews from music critics. During its radio run, DJ Boogie from Pittsburgh radio station WAMO noted that the reception was more positive than negative, chuck Taylor from Billboard magazine dubbed the song tale that hit home, with Lil Mos young-leaning demographic–based audience. Elysa Gardner from Vibe magazine cited the song as a single that tells off a wayward lover. AllMusic editor Dan LeRoy also praised the lyrical content for its stunning. A music video for the single was directed by Dave Meyers and premiered on BET, CD single Ta Da My Story Starstruck Saturday 12 vinyl Ta Da Ta Da Ta Da Ta Da Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
32.
Superwoman Pt. II
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Superwoman Pt. II is a song by American recording artist Lil Mo from her debut album, Based on a True Story. The song features the appearance by then-unknown Fabolous and remixed production by hip-hop producers DJ Clue. To date, Superwoman Pt. II remains as Lil Mos most successful single to date as a leading artist, originally, the song was released as the Brian Michael Cox–produced Superwoman, Pt. I in February 2001 to generally mixed reviews, however, because the Pt.1 version failed to attain successful radio airplay, Elektra Records had no other choice but to push Lil Mos debut album back to a later release in 2001. Upset, Lil Mo tried to convince Elektra that Superwoman would be a hit, to prove it. At first Clue was not in support of the idea, but when he loved the results, during a two-hour studio session, Lil Mo recorded the Superwoman vocals at Enterprise Studios in North Hollywood, Los Angeles. Additionally, Mo had to beatbox the infamous stuttering da-da-da-da-da beat to her production team since they were not understanding her vision, since she was in Los Angeles, Mo had a deadline to transfer her vocals via a CD to give to DJ Clue at a New York airline. Within that deadline, a relative of Mos requested her to feature the rapper who spells his name. Mo would then contact Clue to see if it was possible to feature the rapper, Fabolous at the time was shocked of Lil Mos decision to feature him since Mo had worked with other well-known rappers like Jay-Z and Ja Rule. A music video for the single was directed by Chris Robinson and it begins with Lil Mo dancing to the songs beat in the dark with glowing blue lights, while Fabolous begins rapping his first verse in a diner. The video then cuts to Lil Mo working as a waitress in the diner where she spots her love interest exiting to attend a county fair, Mo is later seen exiting the diner and saving a civilian from a purse robbery. The latter of the video then shows Mo in her infamous blue braids while playing at an alley to gain the affection of her love interest
33.
Gangsta (Love 4 the Streets)
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Gangsta, also known as, Gangsta, is a song by American recording artist Lil Mo. It was released as the third and final single from Mos debut album, a music video for the single was directed by Chris Robinson and featured a cameo appearance by Tom Lister, Jr. In late-August 2001, the video premiered on BET, after the show ends, Mo and her girls freshen up and get their hair fixed in Mos kitchen. They are later seen walking out of the house and observing the neighborhood, for the remainder of the video, Mo is either seen riding in a pink hoopty with her girls or dancing while reprising her role in Ghettoblanca. The song was revised after its two-week stint on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart to its single-version title. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
34.
Hot Girls
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Hot Girls, also known as its alternate title Hot Boys, Hot Girls, is song recorded by American recording artist Lil Mo for her unreleased album, Syndicated, The Lil Mo Hour. The song features guest vocals by former labelmate Lil Wayne and production by frequent collaborator Bryan-Michael Cox, a remix for the single featuring Fabolous was released on DJ Envys mixtape, Ahead of the Game, The Final Chapter. In spite of the buzz garnered from Lil Mos record deal with Cash Money, critics felt that the song was an insecure female anthem, due to Mos recitation of Im not Britney, Im not Jessica, Im not Mýa but Im still on fire. Many were also appalled by Mos verse. Mine dont look like yours but I still got it going on, others also did not take too likely of Lil Waynes guest appearance either, where they felt he was rapping like Jay-Z again. By contrast, Jermy Leeuwis of Music Remedy complimented the single as sizzling and praised Lil Waynes feature as precocious. ITunes download Hot Girls —3,52 Hot Girls —3,2112 vinyl Hot Girls —3,51 Hot Girls —3,51 Hot Girls —3,48 Hot Girls —3,50 Hot Girls —3,50
35.
Dem Boyz (Lil' Mo song)
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Dem Boyz is a song recorded by American recording artist Lil Mo for her unreleased album, Syndicated, The Lil Mo Hour. The song features production by Chucky Thompson and a 1978 sample of Bar-Kays Holy Ghost, the inspiration for the song originally came from Lil Mos fascination with the R&B sound at the time going back to its roots, and her consistency in providing real music. The song met generally favorable reviews, mcCabe also added that the productions bob and shimmy kick-drum, rollicking whistle, and saucy horn blasts set a party theme in similar fashion of Beyoncés 2003 record, Crazy In Love. Jermy Leeuwis of Music Remedy also praised the track, citing it as a bona fide hit, a music video for the single was directed by David Palmer and primarily took place in Lil Mos hometown Baltimore, Maryland
36.
Hot Boyz (song)
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Hot Boyz is a song by rapper Missy Misdemeanor Elliott featuring Lil Mo. The remix version of the song was a hit featuring Nas, Eve. The song also reached number 5 on the US Hot 100 on January 15,2000, in the UK, the song became the biggest hit from the Da Real World album, it peaked at #18, being Missys sixth top 40 and fourth top 20 solo success. Hype Williams directed the video from October 13–14,1999. Williams also used a vast amount of pyrotechnics, primarily used in the fast cuts to important figures in the video, cameos include Mary J. Blige, Ginuwine, and Timbaland. Nas and Eve were featured, but Q-Tip did not appear in the video and his section was replaced with Elliotts rap verse from the original version
37.
Whatever (Ideal song)
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Whatever is the third and final single by R&B quintet Ideal from their self-titled debut album, Ideal. The song features guest vocals by Lil Mo and additional vocals and it also features production by Eddie Berkeley, Kobie and Kier KayGee Gist of Naughty by Nature. In 2001, the song won an ASCAP Rhythm and Soul Music Award for Award-Winning R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, to date, Whatever is the groups second and last-known successful single. A demo for the song was recorded by KayGee and R. L. in the formers New Jersey basement studio. When the duo heard that Ideal needed a song, the demo was given to them. Maverick of Ideal confirmed that the need for a song was due to the fact that summertime coming up. On April 13 and 14 of 2000, the video for the single was shot in Miami, Florida. It also featured appearances by KayGee and R. L. however it excluded guest vocalist Lil Mo due to undisclosed reasons. In late April 2000, the video premiered on BET
38.
Put It on Me (Ja Rule song)
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Put It on Me is a song from Ja Rules second album, Rule 3,36. The song also appeared on The Fast and the Furious soundtrack, the song features female Murder Inc. rapper Vita. The song was made with just Ja Rule and Vita. Ja Rule explained that the lyrics of the song were inspired by an argument he had with his wife to show how important she is to him, vitas verse was written by Cadillac Tah. It peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it Ja Rules first top ten hit on the chart, in 2001, the songs music video became the first to retire on BETs 106 & Park after spending more than 60 days on the countdown. The video also topped BETs Notarized, Top 100 Videos of 2001, in September 2001, the video was nominated for Best Rap Video at the 2001 MTV VMAs. In 2002, Put It on Me won two BMI Awards under Urban Music and Pop Music, the song also attained an ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Music Award, alongside the honorary Songwriter of the Year award to Murder Inc. executive, Irv Gotti. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
39.
I Cry (Ja Rule song)
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I Cry is the third and final single from Ja Rules second studio album, Rule 3,36. The song samples Cry Together by The OJays and this was also the final collaborative single by Ja Rule and former associate, Lil Mo. It was after this release that Irv Gotti decided that Ja Rule should work with Ashanti. This song became a hit during the late spring of 2001, peaking at number 40 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 25 on the Rap Charts. In 2008, the song was used as a sample in LL Cool Js record, Cry, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
40.
If I Could Go!
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If I Could Go. is the first single from Angie Martinez second studio album, Animal House. The track features rapper Sacario and singer Lil Mo and is produced by Rick Rock and it is Martinezs highest Billboard charted song to date. It was written by Sacario The song won two Certified BDS Spin Awards for 50,000 radio spins and 100,000 radio spins. The song is featured on Totally Hits 2002, More Platinum Hits, the song is featured on The Transporter movie soundtrack. The song is included on NBA Live 2003 video game soundtrack, according to Guinness World Records, NBA Live 2003 Soundtrack went Platinum in only 6 months. According to the liner notes, If I Could Go was recorded at Battery Studios in New York City. The song was mixed at Right Track Recording by Supa Engineer Duro, Billboard named the song among the Top songs of 2002. The instrumental was used on Gods Plan Mixtape by 50 Cent, the video was directed by Film Director Steve Carr
