1.
Sweden
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Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, at 450,295 square kilometres, Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre. Approximately 85% of the lives in urban areas. Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats/Götar and Swedes/Svear, Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested. Sweden is part of the area of Fennoscandia. The climate is in very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence. Today, Sweden is a monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a monarch as head of state. The capital city is Stockholm, which is also the most populous city in the country, legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister, Sweden is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages, in the 17th century, it expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire, which became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, the last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, maintaining a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs. The union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905, leading to Swedens current borders, though Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars, Sweden engaged in humanitarian efforts, such as taking in refugees from German-occupied Europe. After the end of the Cold War, Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 and it is also a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides health care. The modern name Sweden is derived through back-formation from Old English Swēoþēod and this word is derived from Sweon/Sweonas. The Swedish name Sverige literally means Realm of the Swedes, excluding the Geats in Götaland, the etymology of Swedes, and thus Sweden, is generally not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Germanic Swihoniz meaning ones own, referring to ones own Germanic tribe
2.
Indie rock
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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
3.
Garage rock
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Garage rock is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada. The term derives from the perception that groups were made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage. The style, a precursor to rock, is characterized by aggressive and unsophisticated lyrics and delivery. In the US and Canada, surf rock—and later the Beatles, hundreds of acts produced regional hits, and some had national hits. Though largely associated with North America, counterparts were present elsewhere as part of the beat boom of the era. As critics of the period began to prescribe a scope for genre, they used the term punk rock. Garage rock has experienced various revivals in the years and continues to influence acts who prefer a back to basics. In the early- to mid-1980s, several garage revival scenes sprung up featuring acts that consciously attempted to replicate the look, in the 2000s, a wave of garage rock revival acts associated with the post-punk revival emerged, and a handful achieved airplay and commercial success. The term garage rock comes from the perception that its performers were young and amateurish, while numerous bands were made up of middle-class teenagers from the suburbs, others were from rural or urban areas or were composed of professional musicians in their twenties. The term garage band often refers to acts in this genre. Garage bands performed in a variety of venues, less-established groups typically played at parties, school dances, and teen clubs. For acts of legal age, bars, nightclubs, and college fraternity socials also provided regular engagements, occasionally, local groups had the opportunity to open at shows for famous touring acts. Some garage rock bands went on tour, particularly better-known acts, groups often competed in battles of the bands, which gave musicians an opportunity to gain exposure and a chance to win a prize, such as free recording time in a local studio. Battles of the bands were held, locally, regionally and nationally, and two of the most prestigious contests were held annually by the Tea Council of the U. S. A. and the Music Circus. Performances often sounded amateurish, naïve or intentionally raw, with typical themes revolving around the traumas of high school life, instrumentation was characterized by electric guitars often distorted through a fuzzbox, teamed with bass and drums. Guitarists sometimes played using aggressive-sounding bar chord riffs, sometimes referred to as power chords, organs such as the Farfisa were commonly used as well as mouth harmonicas or hand-held percussion such as tambourines. Occasionally, the tempo sped up in certain passages, sometimes referred to as raveups, Garage rock acts were diverse in both musical ability and in style, ranging from crude two- and three-chord music to near-studio musician quality. There were also variations in flourishing scenes, such as in California
4.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
5.
Your Choice Records
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Your Choice Records was a German independent record label founded in 1988 by producer Tobby Holzinger. The label specialized in independent punk music, including releases of German. Holzinger provided a share of the record sale profit to various animal rights organisations, the label maintained a strict DIY ethic, producing all of its albums by itself and selling them at discount prices without the help of major distributors. Your Choice Records existed in the days of hardcore, inspired by the spirit of labels like Dischord Records, Alternative Tentacles, SST Records and Touch. Early releases by Your Choice were relatively well-produced compared to other live recordings of the time. Bands such as So Much Hate, Ripcord, Life, so Much Hate - Line up, PER ARNE-BASS, BØRRE-GUITAR, GUNNAR-VOCALS, FINN ERIK-DRUMS Ripcord - Line up, JIM-BASS, BAZ-GUITAR, STEVE-VOCALS, JOHN-DRUMS Life. DARREN MIR-X - DRUMS, MIKE MALESTEEN-G. /VOC, CHRIS Mc KAY-BASS, PAUL DELLA PELLE-DRUMS, Z SILVER-SYNTHS/SAMPS Girls Against Boys - Line up, ELI JANNEY-NO.2 VOC. BASS, KEYBOARD, JOHNNY TEMPLE-BASS, SCOTT McCLOUD-NO.1 VOC. /GUIT Jawbox - Line up, GUITAR / VOICE - J. ROBBINS, GUITAR / OTHER VOICE - W. C. V/D ELSKEN - DRUMS, VOC. SLIDE GUITAR, B. WARNING - GUITAR, LEAD VOC, J. Fans of the bands earlier output will rejoice at the track listing, which comprises tracks from Gluey Porch Treatments, Ozma, and Bullhead. Furthermore, the quality is excellent, perhaps not Fillmore East excellent, but for a punk club setting. Shudder to Thinks live show has always been built on excitement and musical friction and this would prove to be original drummer Mike Russells last recording with the band before leaving to become a teacher, but it doesnt stop the record from taking flight. Craig Wedrens voice is as clear and operatic as it is on their studio records and their shows were clinics in intensity and band chemistry. One might pity those who never saw this mighty band in action, but this series offers a fine substitute
6.
American Recordings (record label)
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American Recordings is a Los Angeles-based record label headed by record producer Rick Rubin. Formerly known as Def American Recordings, the label has been home to Slayer, the Black Crowes, ZZ Top, Danzig, Trouble, Tom Petty, Johnny Cash, The Mother Hips, American Recordings was founded after Rick Rubin left Def Jam Recordings in 1988. Rubin continued his association with music by signing artists such as the Geto Boys. American had its first major success with The Black Crowes 1990 debut album, Shake Your Money Maker, the group’s 1992 follow-up, The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion, gave American Recordings its first No.1 album. Emcee Sir Mix-a-Lot managed a hit with the song Baby Got Back as well as a platinum-selling album titled Mack Daddy. Heavy metal acts Slayer and Danzig also enjoyed commercial success, with Slayer in particular. Rubin produces many of the recordings on the label, as well as directing other related ventures, Rubin changed the name of the company to American Recordings in 1993 after seeing the word def in a dictionary. The company was renamed because he believed that finding the word in a source was against the anti-establishment image that he was trying to project for the company. A mock funeral presided over by the Reverend Al Sharpton was done for the name change. American had several sub-labels over the years, including Onion Records, Ill Labels, Wild West, Whte Lbls, the latter was a partnership with Henry Rollins that specialized in reissues of obscure albums. None of these made the distribution transition after American Recordings left Warner Bros. Records in 1997. The first-ever Def American release was Reign in Blood by Slayer, a Def Jam Recordings logo was also present on its follow-up album. Danzigs 1988 debut album was the first release to bear the Def American logo. Initially, the label was distributed by Geffen Records through Warner Bros, americans distribution has been handled through several labels over the years. Americans first incarnation was distributed by Geffen Records through Warner Bros. Records from 1988 to 1990, after a falling out with Geffen over the content of the Geto Boys only Def American release, Warner Bros. itself took over distribution duties from 1990 to 1997. However, sub-label Ill Labels was distributed by hip-hop specialist and former Warner Bros. subsidiary Tommy Boy Records as part of its deal, for a brief time during the 1990s, the label also distributed Too Pure Records in the USA. Rubin signed a deal with Columbia/SME Records in 1997, which distributed the labels titles until 2001. That year, Universal Music Group, through its Island Def Jam Music Group division, in 2005, with the exception of the recordings of Johnny Cash, the label returned to the aegis of Warner Bros
7.
AC4
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AC4 is a hardcore band from Umeå, Sweden. Refused members Dennis Lyxzén and David Sandström had been talking about starting a new band for a long time, in the spring of 2008 Karl Backman had written songs for the new band and they started to rehearse. Jens Nordén had played with Lyxzén in pre-Refused straight edge hardcore band Step Forward, the AC in the name is the regional code for the Västerbotten province where Umeå is located. The first show was at a squatting on Parkgatan in Umeå on the Mayu 5th,2008, in May 2008 someone posted a live song on YouTube. It got on Kerrangs playlist and had over 14,000 hits the first week and they performed at Storsjöyran and Umeå Punkfest in 2008. In 2009 they performed at Way Out West Festival and released the debut album on Lyxzéns label Ny Våg. In 2010 their European tour took them around their native Sweden, as well as Norway, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, Austria, France, Italy, England and Wales. They also released the Umeå Hardcore 7 EP in Europe, a special 7 for Australia only, AC4 initially refused to do interviews with mainstream media and would only answer questions from fanzine writers who were under the age of 18. To promote their Australian tour in April,2011, Dennis conducted a number of interviews with the local press, including Melbourne radio show Bullying The Jukebox. While on tour in Australia a short film about the band entitled A few minutes with AC4 was filmed. In May 2012 the band announced that Sandström had been replaced by Christoffer Röstlund Jonsson, the album Burn The World was released in March 2013 on Ny Våg records and Deathwish Inc. The band is performing at some upcoming festivals including Groezrock on a spring 2013 tour. A week before the tour the band announced that Nordén had suddenly left AC4, but is being replaced by their producer Fredrik Lyxzén
8.
INVSN
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INVSN is a Post-Punk band from Umeå in the North of Sweden. The members have all played in punk and rock bands from Sweden. It is the project of Swedish Punk rock musician Dennis Lyxzén. In contrast to his projects, Refused and The Noise Conspiracy. Sara Almgren used to be in the first Swedish all-female straight-edge band The Doughnuts and she later played keyboard and guitar in The Noise Conspiracy and has also played in bands like The Vicious and Masshysteri. She has also toured with Marit Bergman and Sahara Hotnights, Dennis Lyxzen is most known for being the lead vocalist in Refused but has also played in bands like The Noise Conspiracy, AC4 and many more. He also been a member of The Bloody Beetroots. Anders Stenberg is a member of acclaimed Swedish band the Deportees, Christina Karlsson, besides playing in INVSN she also plays with bands and artist such as Frida Selander, Tiger Forest Cat and Honungsvägen. Andre Sandström hails from Swedish hardcore thrashers DS-13 and has played in bands like The Vicious. The band was called the Lost Patrol Band, however. As the name changed, so did the music, and the band started to write in Swedish, in 1999, Lyxzén put together a release titled Songs in the Key of Resistance which was written in the political vein that Lyxzéns fans best know him for. Critics often blasted the album for straying from its creators punk roots, the Lost Patrol returned in 2003 with Songs about Running Away. According to Lyxzén, the album had been supposed to be just as subversive and political as his previous album, yet due to relationship problems, guests such as David Sandström, Stefan Granberg and Lisa Miskovsky helped to make this album one of Lyxzéns most experimental. In 2005, Burning Heart Records reported that The Lost Patrol has grown from Lyxzéns solo project into a full-fledged band and this is reflected in the title of the 2005 album The Lost Patrol Band. The album also represents a change in style, this time encompassing the upbeat sounds of 1970s/80s punk. In 2013 the group signed to Razor & Tie and changed their name to INVSN, in 2010 Invasionen released their debut album Hela Världen Brinner on Sony Music in Sweden. A vinyl version of the record was released on Dennis own label Ny Våg Records, shortly after the record was released Robert Pettersson left the band to focus on his band Masshysteri. Richard Österman replaced him on bass, since the album was only released in Sweden and the lyrics were in Swedish they mainly just touring Sweden but also did some shows in Spain
9.
Refused
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Refused is a Swedish punk rock band originating from Umeå and formed in 1991. Refused is composed of vocalist Dennis Lyxzén, guitarist Kristofer Steen, drummer David Sandström, guitarist Jon Brännström was a member from 1994, through reunions, until he was fired in late-2014. Their lyrics are often of a non-conformist and politically far-left nature, after embarking on a world tour for nearly a year, Refused went on hiatus again in 2012, but announced another reunion in November 2014. The band released five EPs and three albums before originally splitting up in 1998, and released their fourth full-length album Freedom on the Epitaph Records label on June 26,2015. Elektra was released as the first single from the album on April 27,2015. Refused formed in early 1991 with Dennis Lyxzén, David Sandström, Pär Hansson, and Jonas Lindgren and released their first demo, Refused, with an already altered lineup the band released their first studio album, This Just Might Be the Truth, in 1994. The band never found a permanent bass player, Refused broke up in late 1998. Some believe this happened as a result of a depletion of creative energy, there was also conflict between Dennis and the rest of the band. Band members stated that their first shows after the release of Shape of Punk to Come were emotionally devastating, the band eventually cancelled the tour and announced their breakup through a strongly-worded press release, described below. Their last performance of their United States tour was played in Harrisonburg, daniel P. Carter described in January 2012 how unfairly poor the reception that Refused used to receive was, and how they never had the chance to make an impact whilst together. After Refused split up, Dennis released one final, fiery open letter titled Refused Are Fucking Dead. on their label Burning Hearts website. Lead singer Dennis Lyxzén went on to form The Noise Conspiracy while the members, as well as venturing into their own projects. As of May,2008, Dennis Lyxzén and David Sandström have formed a new hardcore band under the name AC4. Kristofer Steen is now a director and made a documentary on the bands last year in existence called Refused Are Fucking Dead, in March 2010, Epitaph Records put up the old Refused website online with the words Coming Soon. Rumours spread across the Internet about what the new website could indicate, citing an anonymous source close to the situation, Punknews. org unofficially announced that the band would perform at European music festivals in 2010. Dennis Lyxzén denied claims of a Refused reformation as he and David Sandström were busy with AC4, the new band website was later announced to be a promotional site for a reissue of Refuseds final album, The Shape of Punk to Come. The reissue, released on June 8,2010, is a set with an unreleased live album recorded in 1998. In November 2011, multiple posters said to be for the upcoming 2012 Coachella Festival appeared on several Internet sites, and this started new rumours of a long-awaited reunion
10.
Swedes
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Swedes are a Germanic ethnic group native to Sweden. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, in particular Finland, with a substantial diaspora in other countries, the English term Swede has been attested in English since the late 16th century and is of Middle Dutch or Middle Low German origin. The term is believed to have derived from the Proto-Indo-European reflexive pronominal root, *se. The word must have meant ones own, the same root and original meaning is found in the ethnonym of the Germanic tribe Suebi, preserved to this day in the name Swabia. Sweden enters proto-history with the Germania of Tacitus in AD98, in Germania 44,45 he mentions the Swedes as a powerful tribe with ships that had a prow in both ends. Which kings ruled these Suiones is unknown, but Norse mythology presents a line of legendary and semi-legendary kings going back to the last centuries BC. In the 6th century Jordanes named two tribes, which he calls the Suehans and the Suetidi, who lived in Scandza and these two names are both considered to refer to the same tribe. The Suehans, he says, has very fine horses just as the Thyringi tribe, the Icelander Snorri Sturluson wrote of the 6th-century Swedish king Adils that he had the finest horses of his days. The Suehans supplied black fox-skins for the Roman market, then Jordanes names the Suetidi which is considered to be the Latin form of Svitjod. He writes that the Suetidi are the tallest of men - together with the Dani, later he mentions other Scandinavian tribes as being of the same height. Originating in semi-legendary Scandza, a Gothic population had crossed the Baltic Sea before the 2nd century AD and they reaching Scythia on the coast of the Black Sea in modern Ukraine, where Goths left their archaeological traces in the Chernyakhov culture. In the 5th and 6th centuries, they divided as the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths. Crimean Gothic communities appear to have survived intact in the Crimea until the late 18th century, the Swedish Viking Age lasted roughly between the 8th and 11th centuries. During this period, it is believed that the Swedes expanded from eastern Sweden and it is believed that Swedish Vikings and Gutar mainly travelled east and south, going to Finland, the Baltic countries, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine the Black Sea and further as far as Baghdad. Their routes passed through the Dnieper down south to Constantinople, on which they did numerous raids, the Byzantine Emperor Theophilos noticed their great skills in war and invited them to serve as his personal bodyguard, known as the varangian guard. The Swedish Vikings, called Rus are also believed to be the fathers of Kievan Rus. The Arabic traveller Ibn Fadlan described these Vikings as following, I have seen the Rus as they came on their merchant journeys, each man has an axe, a sword, and a knife, and keeps each by him at all times. The swords are broad and grooved, of Frankish sort, the adventures of these Swedish Vikings are commemorated on many runestones in Sweden, such as the Greece Runestones and the Varangian Runestones
11.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
12.
Left-wing politics
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Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality. The term left wing can also refer to the radical, reforming, use of the term Left became more prominent after the restoration of the French monarchy in 1815 when it was applied to the Independents. The word wing was appended to Left and Right in the late 19th century, usually with disparaging intent, throughout the 19th century in France, the main line dividing left and right was between supporters of the French Republic and those of the Monarchy. The June Days Uprising during the Second Republic was an attempt by the Left to assert itself after the 1848 Revolution, in the mid-19th century, nationalism, socialism, democracy, and anti-clericalism became features of the French Left. After Napoleon IIIs 1851 coup and the subsequent establishment of the Second Empire, Marxism began to rival radical republicanism, the influential Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, published in 1848, asserted that all human history is the history of class struggle. They predicted that a revolution would eventually overthrow bourgeois capitalism and create a classless, stateless. It was in period that the word wing was appended to both Left and Right. Following a split between supporters of Marx and Mikhail Bakunin, anarchists formed the International Workers Association, the Second International became divided over the issue of World War I. Those who opposed the war, such as Vladimir Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg, in the United States after Reconstruction, the phrase the Left was used to describe those who supported trade unions, the civil rights movement and the anti-war movement. More recently in the United States, left-wing and right-wing have often used as synonyms for Democratic and Republican. Since the Right was populist, both in the Western and the Eastern Bloc, anything viewed as art was called leftist in all Europe. The following positions are typically associated with left-wing politics, during the industrial revolution, leftists supported trade unions. At the beginning of the 20th century, many leftists advocated strong government intervention in the economy, leftists continue to criticize what they perceive as the exploitative nature of globalization, the race to the bottom, and unjust lay-offs. Other leftists believe in Marxian economics, which are based on the theories of Karl Marx. Marxian economics does not exclusively rely upon Marx, it draws from a range of Marxist and non-Marxist sources, the political relevance of farmers has divided the left. In Das Kapital, Marx scarcely mentioned the subject, Mao Zedong believed that it would be rural peasants, not urban workers, who would bring about the proletarian revolution. Both Karl Marx and the early socialist William Morris arguably had a concern for environmental matters, according to Marx, Even an entire society, a nation, or all simultaneously existing societies taken together. Are not owners of the earth and they are simply its possessors, its beneficiaries, and have to bequeath it in an improved state to succeeding generations
13.
Phil Ochs
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He wrote hundreds of songs in the 1960s and 1970s and released eight albums. After years of writing in the 1960s, Ochss mental stability declined in the 1970s. He eventually succumbed to a number of problems including bipolar disorder and alcoholism, some of Ochss major musical influences were Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Buddy Holly, Elvis Presley, Bob Gibson, Faron Young, and Merle Haggard. Phil Ochs was born in El Paso, Texas, to Jacob Jack Ochs, a physician who was born in New York on August 11,1910, and Gertrude Phin Ochs and his parents met and married in Edinburgh where Jack was attending medical school. After their marriage, they moved to the United States, Jack, drafted into the army, was sent overseas near the end of World War II, where he treated soldiers at the Battle of the Bulge. His war experiences affected his health and he received an honorable medical discharge in November 1945. Suffering from bipolar disorder and depression on his home, Jack was unable to establish a successful medical practice. As a result, the Ochs family moved frequently, to Far Rockaway, New York, when Ochs was a teenager, then to Perrysburg in western New York, where he first studied music, and then to Columbus, Ohio. Ochs grew up with a sister, Sonia, and a younger brother. The Ochs family was middle class and Jewish, but not religious and his father was distant from his wife and children, and was hospitalized for depression, he died on April 30,1963, from a cerebral hemorrhage, His mother died on March 9,1994. Ochs also spent a lot of time at the movies and he especially liked big screen heroes such as John Wayne and Audie Murphy. Later on, he developed an interest in movie rebels, including Marlon Brando, from 1956 to 1958, Ochs was a student at the Staunton Military Academy in rural Virginia, and when he graduated he returned to Columbus and enrolled in the Ohio State University. Unhappy after his first quarter, he took a leave of absence, so in a flash I decided — Ill be a writer and a major in journalism. Ochs returned to Ohio State to study journalism and developed an interest in politics, at Ohio State he met Jim Glover, a fellow student who was a devotee of folk music. Glover introduced Ochs to the music of Pete Seeger, Woody Guthrie, Glover taught Ochs how to play guitar, and they debated politics. Ochs began writing articles, often on radical themes. When the student paper refused to publish some of his more radical articles and his two main interests, politics and music, soon merged, and Ochs began writing topical political songs. Ochss parents and brother had moved from Columbus to Cleveland, and Ochs started to more time there
14.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
15.
Che Guevara
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Ernesto Che Guevara was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous symbol of rebellion. As a young student, Guevara traveled throughout South America and was radicalized by the poverty, hunger. Guevara soon rose to prominence among the insurgents, was promoted to second-in-command, following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. Additionally, he was a writer and diarist, composing a seminal manual on guerrilla warfare. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, Guevara remains both a revered and reviled historical figure, polarized in the collective imagination in a multitude of biographies, memoirs, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. In accordance with the flexibility allowed in Spanish naming customs, his name will sometimes appear with de la Serna and/or Lynch accompanying it. Referring to Ches restless nature, his father declared the first thing to note is that in my sons veins flowed the blood of the Irish rebels, very early on in life, Ernestito developed an affinity for the poor. Growing up in a family with leftist leanings, Guevara was introduced to a spectrum of political perspectives even as a boy. His father, a supporter of Republicans from the Spanish Civil War. He was a rugby union player, and played at fly-half for Club Universitario de Buenos Aires. His rugby playing earned him the nickname Fuser—a contraction of El Furibundo and his mothers surname, Guevara learned chess from his father and began participating in local tournaments by age 12. He could also recite Rudyard Kiplings If— and José Hernándezs Martín Fierro by heart. Additionally, he enjoyed the works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Franz Kafka, Albert Camus, Vladimir Lenin, and Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as Anatole France, Friedrich Engels, H. G. Wells, and Robert Frost. As he grew older, he developed an interest in the Latin American writers Horacio Quiroga, Ciro Alegría, Jorge Icaza, Rubén Darío, many of these authors ideas he cataloged in his own handwritten notebooks of concepts, definitions, and philosophies of influential intellectuals. These included composing analytical sketches of Buddha and Aristotle, along with examining Bertrand Russell on love and patriotism, Jack London on society, sigmund Freuds ideas fascinated him as he quoted him on a variety of topics from dreams and libido to narcissism and the Oedipus complex. His favorite subjects in school included philosophy, mathematics, engineering, political science, sociology, history, in 1948, Guevara entered the University of Buenos Aires to study medicine. The first expedition in 1950 was a 4, 500-kilometer solo trip through the provinces of northern Argentina on a bicycle on which he installed a small engine
16.
The First Conspiracy
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The First Conspiracy is an album by the Swedish band The Noise Conspiracy. It is a compilation of four 7 records that was released in Europe prior to the album and it was first released on International Workers Day of 1999 on the record label G7 Welcoming Committee. It was rereleased, with new art, in 2002 on Burning Heart Records. The First Conspiracy –1,15 Abolish Work –2,41 A New Language –2,33 Do U Know My Name
17.
Guy Debord
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Guy Louis Debord was a French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker, member of the Letterist International, founder of a Letterist faction, and founding member of the Situationist International. He was also briefly a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie, Guy Debord was born in Paris in 1931. Debords father, Martial, was a pharmacist who died due to illness when Debord was young, Debords mother, Paulette Rossi, sent Guy to live with his grandmother in her family villa in Italy. During World War II, the Rossis left the villa and began to travel from town to town, as a result, Debord attended high school in Cannes, where he began his interest in film and vandalism. As a young man, Debord actively opposed the French war in Algeria, Debord studied Law at the University of Paris, but left early and did not complete his college education. After ending his stint at the University of Paris, he began his career as a writer, Debord joined the Letterist International when he was 19. The Letterists were led dictatorially by Isidore Isou until an agreed upon schism ended Isous authority. This schism gave rise to several factions of Letterists, one of which was led by Debord upon Gil Wolmans unequivocal recommendation. In the 1960s, Debord led the Situationist International group, which influenced the Paris Uprising of 1968, some consider his book The Society of the Spectacle to be a catalyst for the uprising. In 1972, Debord disbanded the Situationist International after its members, including Asger Jorn and Raoul Vaneigem. Debord then focused on filmmaking with financial backing from the movie mogul and publisher, Gérard Lebovici, Debord was suspected of Lebovicis murder. Distraught by the accusations and his friends death, Debord took his films and he had agreed to have his films released posthumously at the request of the American researcher, Thomas Y. Debords two most recognized films are Society of the Spectacle and In girum imus nocte et consumimur igni, after dissolving the Situationist International, Debord spent his time reading, and occasionally writing, in relative isolation in a cottage at Champot with Alice Becker-Ho, his second wife. He continued to correspond on political and other issues, notably with Lebovici and he focused on reading material relating to war strategies, e. g. Clausewitz and Sun Tzu, and he designed a war game with Alice Becker-Ho. Debord married twice, first to Michèle Bernstein and then Alice Becker-Ho, Debord had affairs with other women, including Michèle Mochot, the daughter of a surrealist. Bernstein wrote a fictional but detailed account of the open relationships Mochot. Just before Debords death, he filmed a documentary, Son art et son temps and it has been suggested that his dark depiction of this period was a suicide note of sorts. Both Debords depression and alcohol consumption had become problematic, resulting in a form of polyneuritis, perhaps in order to end the suffering caused by these conditions, Debord committed suicide by shooting himself in the head on November 30,1994
18.
The Society of the Spectacle
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The Society of the Spectacle is a 1967 work of philosophy and Marxist critical theory by Guy Debord, in which he develops and presents the concept of the Spectacle. The book is considered an important text for the Situationist movement, Debord published a follow-up book Comments on the Society of the Spectacle in 1988. The work is a series of 221 short theses and they contain approximately a paragraph each. Debord traces the development of a society in which authentic social life has been replaced with its representation. Debord argues that the history of life can be understood as the decline of being into having. This condition, according to Debord, is the moment at which the commodity completes its colonization of social life. The spectacle is not a collection of images, Debord writes, rather, in the situationist view, situations are actively created moments, characterized by a sense of self-consciousness of existence within a particular environment or ambience. Debord encouraged the use of détournement, which involves using spectacular images, the Society of the Spectacle is a critique of contemporary consumer culture and commodity fetishism, dealing with issues such as class alienation, cultural homogenization, and mass media. When Debord says that “All that was directly lived has become mere representation. Images, Debord says, have supplanted genuine human interaction, thus, Debord’s fourth thesis is, The spectacle is not a collection of images, rather, it is a social relationship between people that is mediated by images. In a consumer society, social life is not about living, but about having, consequently, social life moves further, leaving a state of having and proceeding into a state of appearing, namely the appearance of the image. In a world which really is topsy-turvy, the true is a moment of the false, Debord also draws an equivalence between the role of mass media marketing in the present and the role of religions in the past. The monotheistic religions were a compromise between myth and history and these religions arose on the soil of history, and established themselves there. But there they still preserve themselves in opposition to history. Debord defines them as Semi-historical religion, in Chapter 8, Negation and Consumption Within Culture, Debord includes a critical analysis of the works of three American sociologists. Debord discusses at length Daniel J. Boorstin’s The Image, arguing that Boorstin missed the concept of Spectacle, Whyte, author of the 1956 bestseller The Organization Man. Among the 1950s sociologists who are compared to Riesman and Whyte, is C. Wright Mills, author of White Collar. Riesmans Lonely Crowd term is used in thesis 28
19.
Revolution
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Aristotle described two types of political revolution, Complete change from one constitution to another Modification of an existing constitution. Revolutions have occurred through history and vary widely in terms of methods, duration. Their results include major changes in culture, economy, and socio-political institutions, scholarly debates about what does and does not constitute a revolution center on several issues. Several generations of scholarly thought on revolutions have generated many competing theories, the word revolucion is known in French from the 13th century, and revolution in English by the late fourteenth century, with regards to the revolving motion of celestial bodies. Revolution in the sense of representing abrupt change in an order is attested by at least 1450. Political usage of the term had been established by 1688 in the description of the replacement of James II with William III. The process was termed The Glorious Revolution, there are many different typologies of revolutions in social science and literature. One of several different Marxist typologies divides revolutions into pre-capitalist, early bourgeois, bourgeois, bourgeois-democratic, early proletarian, Charles Tilly, a modern scholar of revolutions, differentiated between a coup, a top-down seizure of power, a civil war, a revolt and a great revolution. Other types of revolution, created for other typologies, include the social revolutions, proletarian or communist revolutions, failed or abortive revolutions, the term revolution has also been used to denote great changes outside the political sphere. Such revolutions are usually recognized as having transformed in society, culture, philosophy and technology much more than political systems, some can be global, while others are limited to single countries. One of the examples of the usage of the word revolution in such context is the Industrial Revolution. Note that such revolutions also fit the slow revolution definition of Tocqueville, a similar example is the Digital Revolution. Perhaps most often, the revolution is employed to denote a change in socio-political institutions. Jeff Goodwin gives two definitions of a revolution, political and socioeconomic revolutions have been studied in many social sciences, particularly sociology, political sciences and history. Scholars of revolutions, like Jack Goldstone, differentiate four current generations of scholarly research dealing with revolutions, the scholars of the first generation such as Gustave Le Bon, Charles A. Second generation theorists sought to develop detailed theories of why and when revolutions arise and they can be divided into three major approaches, psychological, sociological and political. The works of Ted Robert Gurr, Ivo K. Feierbrand, Rosalind L. Feierbrand, James A. Geschwender, David C. Schwartz, the second group, composed of academics such as Chalmers Johnson, Neil Smelser, Bob Jessop, Mark Hart, Edward A. As in the school, they differed in their definitions of what causes disequilibrium
20.
The Revolution of Everyday Life
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The Revolution of Everyday Life is a 1967 book by Raoul Vaneigem, Belgian author, philosopher and one time member of the Situationist International. The original title translates as, Treatise on Living for the Younger Generations. John Fullerton and Paul Sieveking chose the title under which the work appears in English, Vaneigem takes the field of everyday life as the ground upon which communication and participation can occur, or, as is more commonly the case, be perverted and abstracted into pseudo-forms. The Revolution of Everyday Life was, along with Guy Debord’s The Society of the Spectacle, the Revolution of Everyday Life online at www. nothingness. org
21.
Heidelberg
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Heidelberg is a college town situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. At the 2015 census, its population was 156,257, located about 78 km south of Frankfurt, Heidelberg is the fifth-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Heidelberg is part of the densely populated Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, founded in 1386, Heidelberg University is Germanys oldest and one of Europes most reputable universities. A scientific hub in Germany, the city of Heidelberg is home to internationally renowned research facilities adjacent to its university. Heidelberg is in the Rhine Rift Valley, on the bank of the lower part of the Neckar in a steep valley in the Odenwald. It is bordered by the Königsstuhl and the Gaisberg mountains, the Neckar here flows in an east-west direction. On the right bank of the river, the Heiligenberg mountain rises to a height of 445 meters, the Neckar flows into the Rhine approximately 22 kilometres north-west in Mannheim. Villages incorporated during the 20th century stretch from the Neckar Valley along the Bergstraße, Heidelberg is on European walking route E1. Alongside the Philosophenweg on the side of the Old Town. There is a population of African rose-ringed parakeets, and a wild population of Siberian swan geese. Heidelberg is an authority within the Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe. The Rhein-Neckar-Kreis rural district surrounds it and has its seat in the town, Heidelberg is a part of the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, often referred to as the Rhein-Neckar Triangle. The Rhein-Neckar Triangle became a European metropolitan area in 2005, Heidelberg consists of 15 districts distributed in six sectors of the town. The new district will have approximately 5, 000–6,000 residents, Heidelberg has an oceanic climate, defined by the protected valley between the Pfälzerwald and the Odenwald. Year-round, the temperatures are determined by maritime air masses coming from the west. In contrast to the nearby Upper Rhine Plain, Heidelbergs position in the leads to more frequent easterly winds than average. The hillsides of the Odenwald favour clouding and precipitation, the warmest month is July, the coldest is January. Temperatures often rise beyond 30 °C in midsummer, according to the German Meteorological Service, Heidelberg was the warmest place in Germany in 2009
22.
China
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China, officially the Peoples Republic of China, is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the worlds most populous country, with a population of over 1.381 billion. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China and its capital is Beijing, the countrys major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a power and a major regional power within Asia. Chinas landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from forest steppes, the Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges separate China from much of South and Central Asia. The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the third and sixth longest in the world, respectively, Chinas coastline along the Pacific Ocean is 14,500 kilometers long and is bounded by the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China seas. China emerged as one of the worlds earliest civilizations in the basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia, Chinas political system was based on hereditary monarchies known as dynasties, in 1912, the Republic of China replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949, when it was defeated by the communist Peoples Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War. The Communist Party established the Peoples Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949, both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate government of all China, though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory. China had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two years, during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline. Since the introduction of reforms in 1978, China has become one of the worlds fastest-growing major economies. As of 2016, it is the worlds second-largest economy by nominal GDP, China is also the worlds largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a nuclear weapons state and has the worlds largest standing army. The PRC is a member of the United Nations, as it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U. N. Security Council in 1971. China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations, including the WTO, APEC, BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the BCIM, the English name China is first attested in Richard Edens 1555 translation of the 1516 journal of the Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa. The demonym, that is, the name for the people, Portuguese China is thought to derive from Persian Chīn, and perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit Cīna. Cīna was first used in early Hindu scripture, including the Mahābhārata, there are, however, other suggestions for the derivation of China. The official name of the state is the Peoples Republic of China. The shorter form is China Zhōngguó, from zhōng and guó and it was then applied to the area around Luoyi during the Eastern Zhou and then to Chinas Central Plain before being used as an occasional synonym for the state under the Qing
23.
My Chemical Romance
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My Chemical Romance was an American rock band from New Jersey, active from 2001 to 2013. The bands best-known lineup consisted of lead vocalist Gerard Way, guitarists Ray Toro and Frank Iero, bassist Mikey Way and drummer Bob Bryar. Founded by Gerard, Mikey, Toro, Matt Pelissier, and later joined by Iero and they signed with Reprise Records the next year and released their major label debut Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge in 2004. Shortly after the release, Pelissier was replaced by Bob Bryar. A commercial success, the album was awarded platinum status over a year later, after the bands split, a greatest hits album entitled May Death Never Stop You was released in March 2014. A tenth anniversary reissue of The Black Parade was released in September 2016 titled The Black Parade/Living with Ghosts, the band was formed by frontman Gerard Way and drummer Matt Pelissier soon after the September 11 attacks. Witnessing the World Trade Center towers fall influenced Ways life to the extent that he decided to start a band, the first recording sessions were undertaken in Pelissiers attic, where the songs Our Lady of Sorrows and Cubicles were recorded. The band refers to those sessions as The Attic Demos, after hearing the demo and dropping out of college, Mikey Way decided to join the band. While with Eyeball Records, the band met Frank Iero, the lead vocalist and guitarist for Pencey Prep, following Pencey Preps split in 2002, Iero became a member of My Chemical Romance, just days prior to the recording of the bands debut album. They recorded their album, I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love. The album was produced by Thursday frontman Geoff Rickley after the band became friends with him while playing shows in New Jersey, Iero played guitar on two of the tracks, one of which was Early Sunsets Over Monroeville. During this time, the band was booked at the venue, Big Daddys. My Chemical Romance offered free downloads through PureVolume and the social networking website MySpace, in 2003, the band signed a deal with Reprise Records. Following a tour with Avenged Sevenfold, the band working on their second album. Released in 2004, the album went platinum in just over a year, the band released four singles from the album, Im Not Okay, Thank You for the Venom, Helena, and The Ghost of You. After returning from a tour of Japan in July 2004, the band replaced Matt Pelissier with Bob Bryar. At the beginning of 2005, the band was featured on the first Taste of Chaos tour and they then co-headlined Warped Tour 2005 with Fall Out Boy and co-headlined a tour with Alkaline Trio and Reggie and the Full Effect around the US. In March 2006, the album Life on the Murder Scene was released, incorporating a CD and it included one documentary DVD chronicling the bands history, and a second DVD with music videos, the making of their videos and live performances
24.
The Hives
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The Hives are a Swedish rock band that rose to prominence in the early 2000s during the garage rock revival. Their mainstream success came with the release of the album Veni Vidi Vicious, the band have been acclaimed by music critics as one of the best live rock bands in current music. The Hives have released five albums, Barely Legal, Veni Vidi Vicious, Tyrannosaurus Hives, The Black and White Album. They have one album, Your New Favourite Band and they have issued a live DVD. The band claims it was formed in 1993 under the guidance of Randy Fitzsimmons, Fitzsimmons suggested that they form a garage rock band. He gave each member a letter asking them to start the band. Fitzsimmons allegedly acts as a songwriter and manager for the band, the band recorded a demo titled Sounds Like Sushi in 1994. The following year they were signed to Burning Heart, a Swedish skate punk record label, the following year they released their debut EP Oh Lord. Almqvist decided to promote the band to Burning Heart, in 1997 they released an album called Barely Legal, and began touring. The following year released their second EP A. K. A. They released their studio album Veni Vidi Vicious in April 2000 through Burning Heart Records. The band themselves described the album as being like a glove with brass knuckles. The album yielded the singles Hate to Say I Told You So, Main Offender, Die, All Right. and Supply and Demand. After seeing the video for Hate to Say I Told You So on German TV, Poptones released the best of compilation Your New Favourite Band in 2001, which proved to be their breakthrough record, reaching No.7 in the UK album charts. Following the success of the album, the band re-released singles Hate to Say I Told You So and Main Offender which reach numbers No.23, the band also re-released Veni Vidi Vicious in the US. The Hives - Introduce the Metric System in Time was included on the punk rock sampler album Punk-O-Rama Volume 5 from Epitaph Records. It was during the promotion of Veni Vidi Vicious and Your New Favourite Band that the Hives signed a deal with Universal Music. This led to a dispute between the Hives and Burning Heart, who claimed that the Hives were still contracted to them for one more album
25.
Situationist International
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Overall, situationist theory represented an attempt to synthesize this diverse field of theoretical disciplines into a modern and comprehensive critique of mid-20th century advanced capitalism. When the Situationist International was first formed, it had a predominantly artistic focus, emphasis was placed on concepts like unitary urbanism, gradually, however, that focus shifted more towards revolutionary and political theory. Situationist theory sees the situation as a tool for the liberation of everyday life, the experimental direction of situationist activity consisted of setting up temporary environments favorable to the fulfillment of true and authentic human desires in response. However, despite their insistence on this point, the term situationism is still used in reference to the Situationist International. By 1950, a younger and more left-wing part of the Lettrist movement began to emerge. André Breton prominently came out in solidarity with the action in a letter that spawned a debate in the newspaper Combat. The schism finally erupted when the members of the radical Lettrists disrupted a Charlie Chaplin press conference for Limelight at the Hôtel Ritz Paris. They distributed a polemic entitled No More Flat Feet. which concluded, All we can see now is a lugubrious and mercenary old man. Isou was upset with this, his own attitude being that Chaplin deserved respect as one of the creators of the cinematic art. During this period of the Letterist International, many of the important concepts, the meeting established the foundation for the development of the Situationist International, which was officially formed in In July 1957 at a meeting in Cosio. Later, the Situationist International drew ideas from other such as Socialisme ou Barbarie. The most prominent member of the group, Guy Debord, generally considered the organizations de facto leader. In June 1957, Debord wrote the manifesto of the Situationist International and this manifesto plans a systematic rereading of Karl Marxs Das Kapital and advocates a cultural revolution in western countries. During the first few years of the SIs founding, avant-garde artistic groups began collaborating with the SI, Gruppe SPUR, a German artistic collective, collaborated with the Situationist International on projects beginning in 1959, continuing until the group officially joined the SI in 1961. The role of the artists in the SI was of significance, particularly Asger Jorn, Constant Nieuwenhuys. Asger Jorn, who invented Situgraphy and Situlogy, had the role of catalyst. Jorn’s role in the situationist movement was that of a catalyst, Guy Debord on his own lacked the personal warmth and persuasiveness to draw people of different nationalities and talents into an active working partnership. As a prototype Marxist intellectual Debord needed an ally who could patch up the petty egoisms, when Jorns leadership was withdrawn in 1961, many simmering quarrels among different sections of the SI flared up, leading to multiple exclusions
26.
Sympathy for the Record Industry
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Sympathy for the Record Industry is a mainly independent garage rock and punk label formed in 1988 by record industry anti-mogul Long Gone John. The first Sympathy release was the Lazy Cowgirls album Radio Cowgirl LP, Sympathy has a catalog of more than 750 releases, and is based out of Olympia, Washington. The labels name references The Rolling Stones song Sympathy for the Devil, notable artists who started on Sympathy and went on to gain mainstream success include The White Stripes, Hole, and The Electrocutes. Long Gone John is the owner, CEO, and seemingly the only employee of Sympathy and he is an avid record collector, with more than 10,000 records in his collection. He also owns Necessaries Toy Foundation, a company that creates 18-24 inch figures, Long Gone John also operates Sympathetic Press, a book publishing company that prints books with rock n roll themes. Other Sympathy acts have been Jack Off Jill, Screaming Bloody Marys, the Red Planet Rocketts, Kim Salmon, Bored. The Waldos, The Mystreated, and Redd Kross, on July 20,2007 Long Gone John announced via his Myspace Blog that he was selling the label for $625,000.00 or $700,000.00 if i dont like you. In September 2011, John decided to start releasing records once again and he signed a distribution deal with Independent Label Distribution, then immediately put out a full-length LP as well as three 7s by The Ettes. The company now distributes new records as well as older ones from Johns catalog
27.
Epitaph Records
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Epitaph Records is a Hollywood-based independent record label owned by Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz. The label was originally just a logo and a P. O. box created in the 1980s for the purpose of selling Bad Religion records, Gurewitz took the name from a King Crimson song of the same name. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s most of the bands on Epitaph were punk and pop groups, while there are many post-hardcore. A large portion of the label, known as Hellcat Records, is owned by Tim Armstrong. Several sister-labels also exist, such as ANTI-, Burning Heart Records, Fat Possum Records, Hellcat Records, the lable has recently been added to the Forza Horizon franchise as a radio station. Brett Gurewitz formed Epitaph Records as a vehicle for releases by his band Bad Religion and its first release for the label was Bad Religions 1981 self-titled EP, followed by their debut How Could Hell Be Any Worse. Which was also the labels first full-length release, also released during this period was Peace thru Vandalism, an EP by The Vandals, who were the first band besides Bad Religion to sign to Epitaph. Two more Bad Religion releases followed – Into the Unknown and the EP Back to the Known – before their temporary split, after Gurewitz had cleaned up his drug issues, both Epitaph and Bad Religion were revived in 1987. In the following year, Epitaph released its first record as a label, which was L7s self-titled album. Also in 1988, Bad Religion released Suffer, which was released and distributed by Epitaph. Not only is Suffer often cited as one of the bands best by fans, in 1989, Gurewitz signed NOFX to Epitaph. This was followed by Bad Religions next two albums – No Control and Against the Grain – which sold 60,000 and 100,000 copies respectively. By 1993, more punk acts had signed to Epitaph, including Pennywise, Down by Law, Coffin Break, The Offspring, Rancid, SNFU, Total Chaos and Claw Hammer. Epitaphs expansion saw the label relocate to new offices in Silver Lake, recipe for Hate was followed by their 1994 highly successful release Stranger Than Fiction. Brett Gurewitz is thought to have left Bad Religion as a result of internal disputes and that year Bad Religion and Epitaph received widespread fame, both within and outside the punk community, when Bad Religion, NOFX, Rancid and The Offspring all released hit records. This was a big year for punk in the mainstream, Rancid appeared on Saturday Night Live the following year, playing Ruby Soho and Roots Radicals. In 2001, Brett Gurewitz returned to Bad Religion, and the returned to Epitaph Records, releasing six more albums. In mid-2005 Epitaph was added to the official list of RIAA members along with several other independent labels
28.
Bremen
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The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany, which belongs to the state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. As a commercial and industrial city with a port on the River Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region. Bremen is the second most populous city in Northern Germany and eleventh in Germany, Bremen is a major cultural and economic hub in the northern regions of Germany. Bremen is home to dozens of galleries and museums, ranging from historical sculptures to major art museums. Bremen has a reputation as a working class city, along with this, Bremen is home to a large number of multinational companies and manufacturing centers. Companies headquartered in Bremen include the Hachez chocolate company and Vector Foiltec, four-time German football champions Werder Bremen are also based in the city. Bremen is some 60 km south from the Weser mouth on the North Sea, with Bremerhaven right on the mouth the two comprise the state of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. The marshes and moraines near Bremen have been settled since about 12,000 BC, burial places and settlements in Bremen-Mahndorf and Bremen-Osterholz date back to the 7th century AD. Since The Renaissance, some scientists have believed that the entry Fabiranum or Phabiranon in Ptolemys Fourth Map of Europe, written in 150 AD, but Ptolemy gives geographic coordinates, and by these dates Phabiranon is situated northeast of the mouth of river Visurgis. At that time the Chauci lived in the now called north-western Germany or Lower Saxony. By the end of the 3rd century, they had merged with the Saxons, during the Saxon Wars the Saxons, led by Widukind, fought against the West Germanic Franks, the founders of the Carolingian Empire, and lost the war. Charlemagne, the King of the Franks, made a new law, the Lex Saxonum which stated that Saxons were not allowed to worship Odin, in 787 Willehad of Bremen became the first Bishop of Bremen. The citys first stone walls were built in 1032, around this time trade with Norway, England and the northern Netherlands began to grow, thus increasing the importance of the city. The city was recognised as an entity with its own laws. Property was to be inherited without feudal claims for reversion to its original owner. This privilege laid the foundation for Bremens later status of imperial immediacy, since the city was the major taxpayer, its consent was generally sought. In this way the city wielded fiscal and political power within the Prince-Archbishopric, in 1260 Bremen joined the Hanseatic League. In 1350, the number of inhabitants reached 20,000, around this time the Hansekogge became a unique product of Bremen
29.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
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Your Choice Live Series 025
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Your Choice Live Series 025 is an album by The Noise Conspiracy. It was recorded live at Schlachthof in Bremen the 16th of March 2002 and is the first full-length live album by The Noise Conspiracy and it has been released as a limited edition of 1000 LPs and 3000 CDs through Your Choice Records and was distributed through Cargo Records Germany. All tracks written by The Noise Conspiracy, Dennis Lyxzén - The Noise Conspiracy The bands official on-line gateway. Live Pictures of TINC from 07.12.2008 in Switzerland from Poorboys on The Road Live Pictures Of TNC Interview and live-videos at wenns rockt. WebTV Your Choice Records Burning Heart Records Dennis and Inges record label Ny Våg Lars and Ludwig talk about their favorite songs The Noise Conspiracys New Track Arm Yourself
31.
Rick Rubin
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Frederick Jay Rick Rubin is a Jewish-American record producer and former co-president of Columbia Records. Along with Russell Simmons, Rubin is the co-founder of Def Jam Records, with the Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, Public Enemy, and Run–D. M. C. Rubin helped popularize hip hop music, in 2007, MTV called him the most important producer of the last 20 years, and the same year Rubin appeared on Times 100 Most Influential People in the World. Frederick Jay Rubin was born in Long Beach, New York and grew up in Lido Beach and his father, Michael was a shoe wholesaler and his mother, Linda, a housewife. While a student at Long Beach High School he befriended the schools audiovisual department director Steve Freeman who gave him a few lessons in playing and songwriting. Their biggest claim to fame was being thrown off the stage at CBGB after two songs for brawling with the heckling audience and these hecklers were friends of the band instructed to instigate a confrontation so as to get the show shut down and create a buzz. Somewhat anecdotally, this story was confirmed in an interview with music journalist Zane Lowe. Although he had no authority in New York City, Rubins father traveled from Nassau County, New York, during his senior year, Rubin founded Def Jam Records using the schools four-track recorder. He moved on to form Hose, influenced by San Franciscos Flipper, in 1982, a Hose track became Def Jams first release, a 45 rpm 7 vinyl single in a brown paper bag, and no label. The band broke up in 1984 as Rubins passion moved towards the NYC hip hop scene, having befriended Zulu Nations DJ Jazzy Jay, Rubin began to learn about hip hop production. By 1983, the two men produced Its Yours for rapper T La Rock, and released it on their independent label, Producer Arthur Baker helped to distribute the record worldwide on Bakers Streetwise Records in 1984. Jazzy Jay introduced Rubin to concert promoter/artist manager Russell Simmons in a club, Simmons and Rubin edged out Jazzy Jay and the official Def Jam record label was founded while Rubin was attending New York University in 1984. Their first record released was LL Cool Js I Need a Beat, Rubin went on to find more hip-hop acts outside The Bronx, Brooklyn and Harlem including rappers from Queens, Staten Island and Long Island, which eventually led to Def Jams signing of Public Enemy. Rubin was instrumental in pointing the members of the Beastie Boys away from their roots and into rap. 1985s Rock Hard/Partys Gettin Rough/Beastie Groove EP by the Beastie Boys came out on the success of Rubins production work with breakthrough act Run–D. M. C, which previous recordings were produced by Russell Simmons and Orange Krushs musician Larry Smith. His productions were characterized by occasionally fusing rap with heavy rock, Rubin tapped Adam Dubin and Ric Menello to co-direct the music videos for the Beastie Boys Fight for Your Right and No Sleep till Brooklyn, effectively launching the bands mainstream hip hop careers. It was the idea of Rick Rubins friend Sue Cummings, an editor at Spin magazine, to have Run–D. M. C. and this 1986 production is often credited with both introducing rap hard rock to mainstream ears and revitalizing Aerosmith. In 1986, he worked with Aerosmith again on demos for their forthcoming album, in the same year, Rubin began his long musical partnership with Slayer, producing Reign in Blood, considered a classic of the heavy metal genre
32.
Billy Preston
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William Everett Billy Preston was an American musician whose work included R&B, rock, soul, funk and gospel. He then went on to fame as a solo artist, with hit pop singles including Thats the Way God Planned It, Outa-Space, Will It Go Round in Circles, Space Race. Preston was the musician to be credited on a Beatles recording other than the groups four members. Preston was born on September 2,1946 in Houston, when he was three, the family moved to Los Angeles, where Preston began playing piano while sitting on his mother Robbies lap. Noted as a prodigy, Preston was entirely self-taught and never had a music lesson. By the age of ten, Preston was playing organ onstage backing several gospel singers such as Mahalia Jackson, James Cleveland, at age eleven, Preston appeared on Nat King Coles national TV show singing the Fats Domino hit, Blueberry Hill with Cole. Also at eleven, he appeared in the W. C, handy biopic starring Nat King Cole, St. Louis Blues, playing W. C. In 1962, Preston joined Little Richards band as an organist, in 1963, he played the organ on Sam Cookes Night Beat album and released his own debut album,16 Yr Old Soul, for Cookes SAR Records label. In 1965, he released the album The Most Exciting Organ Ever and performed on the rock, in 1967, he joined Ray Charles band. Following this exposure, several musicians began asking Preston to contribute to their sessions, Preston first met the Beatles as a 16-year-old in 1962, while part of Little Richards touring band, when their manager Brian Epstein organized a Liverpool show, at which the Beatles opened. The Washington Post explained their subsequent meeting, Preston is one of people referred to as the Fifth Beatle. At one point during the Get Back sessions, John Lennon proposed the idea of having him join the band. Preston played with the Beatles for several of the Get Back sessions, some of the material from which would later be culled to make the film Let it Be, Preston also accompanied the band for its rooftop concert, the groups final public appearance. In April 1969, their single Get Back was credited to The Beatles with Billy Preston, the credit was bestowed by the Beatles to reflect the extent of Prestons presence on the track, his electric piano is prominent throughout and he plays an extended solo. Preston also worked, in a limited role, on the Abbey Road album, contributing to the tracks I Want You. In 1978, he appeared as Sgt, pepper in Robert Stigwoods film Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, which was based on the Beatles album of the same name, and sang Get Back as the penultimate song. Signed to the Beatles Apple Records label, in 1969, Preston released the album Thats the Way God Planned It, produced by Harrison, Preston also worked on solo releases by Lennon and Ringo Starr
33.
Benmont Tench
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Benjamin Montmorency Benmont Tench III is an American keyboardist best known as a founding member of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. Tench was born in Gainesville, Florida, the child of Benjamin Montmorency Tench Jr. His father was born and raised in Gainesville, and served as a court judge. Tench played piano from an age and his first recital was at age six. After discovering the music of The Beatles, he ended his piano lessons and focused on rock. At age 11, he met Tom Petty for the first time at a Gainesville music store, Petty and Tench played together as members of the Sundowners in 1964. The Tenches garage was a frequent practice site for the band on evenings when his father was out for the evening, tenchs mother enjoyed having the boys there, but would check with the neighbors to make certain the music would not disturb them. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy, and subsequently Tulane University in New Orleans, while on a college break, Tench went to a concert by Mudcrutch, Pettys band, with an opening act from nearby Jacksonville, Lynyrd Skynyrd. Afterwards, he sat in with the band on several different sessions, Mudcrutch eventually evolved into Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. Tench has received two ASCAP songwriting awards, in 1995 for Stay Forever and in 2001 for Unbreakable Heart and this was also recorded by Carlene Carter in the early 1990s. He also wrote songs for Kimmie Rhodes and Lone Justice, in 2008, Tench became part of a supergroup, initially named The Scrolls, now officially known as Works Progress Administration. The band is composed of Tench, Sean Watkins, Sara Watkins, Glen Phillips, Luke Bulla, Greg Leisz, Pete Thomas, the group released a self-titled album in September 2009. Tench penned one of the songs on the album, named The Price, sung by Sara Watkins, in 2009, Tench frequently appeared with the Watkins Family Hour at Largo at the Coronet in Los Angeles. In 2015, the Watkins Family Hour released their debut album, in 2014, Tench released his first solo album, entitled You Should Be So Lucky. Tench also added keyboard parts to Stevie Nicks album 24 Karat Gold, in 2016, he played the Fleetwood Mac tribute at the Fonda Theater, in Los Angeles, he performed the song Silver Springs with Courtney Love. Tench also appears on the bill for a tribute to the band Big Star that takes place in Los Angeles, CA, Tench also reunited with Mudcrutch to record the bands second album, Mudcrutch 2. The band embarks on their American tour on May 26,2016, in 1993, Tench married model Courtney Taylor. In 2015 Tench married his wife, author Alice Carbone
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