1.
Dave Eggers
–
Dave Eggers is an American writer, editor, and publisher. He wrote the best-selling memoir A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius and his writing has appeared in several magazines. Eggers was born in Boston, Massachusetts, one of four siblings and his father, John K. Eggers, an attorney, was Protestant. His mother, Heidi McSweeney Eggers, a teacher, was Catholic. When Eggers was still a child, the moved to the suburb of Lake Forest, near Chicago. Eggers attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, intending to get a degree in journalism. But, his studies were interrupted by the deaths of both of his parents in 1991–1992, his father in 1991 from brain and lung cancer and these events were chronicled in his first book, the fictionalized A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius. At the time, Eggers was 21, and his brother, Christopher, was 8 years old. The two eldest siblings, Bill and Beth, were unable to commit to care for Toph, his brother had a full-time job. As a result, Dave Eggers took the responsibility and he left the University of Illinois and moved to Berkeley, California, with his girlfriend Kirsten and his brother. They initially moved in with Eggers sister, Beth, and her roommate, but eventually found a place in part of town. Toph attended a private school, and Eggers did temp work. Eventually, with his friend David Moodie, he took over a free newspaper called Cups. This gradually evolved into the satirical magazine Might, Eggers lives in the San Francisco Bay Area and is married to Vendela Vida, also a writer. Eggerss elder brother, Bill, is a researcher who has worked for several think tanks. Eggerss sister, Beth, committed suicide in November 2001, Eggers briefly spoke about his sisters death during a 2002 fan interview for McSweeneys. He was one of three 2008 TED Prize recipients and his TED Prize wish was for helping community members to personally engage with local public schools. The same year, he was named one of 50 Visionaries Who Are Changing the World by Utne Reader, in 2005, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters from Brown University
Dave Eggers
–
Eggers at the 2007
Brooklyn Book Festival
Dave Eggers
–
Eggers worked with Sudanese refugee Valentino Achak Deng to tell a fictionalized account of Achak's life story
Dave Eggers
–
Eggers in October 2008
2.
Jessica Hische
–
Jessica Hische is an American letterer, illustrator, and type designer. She is best known for her projects, Daily Drop Cap. She splits her time between San Francisco, CA and Brooklyn, NY, Hische was born in Charleston, South Carolina on April 4th,1984. In 2006, Hische graduated from the Tyler School of Art with a degree in Graphic, after graduating in 2006, Hische worked for Headcase Design in Philadelphia, PA. She then took a position as Senior Designer at Louise Filis studio, Louise Fili Ltd, in 2009, Hische left Louise Fili Ltd to further her freelance career as the letterer, illustrator, and type designer she is known as today. Hische has been featured in the journals/magazines Forbes, GDUSA, together with Fili, Hische designed the eye-catching Love stamp for the US Postal Service, which ended up selling over 250 million stamps. She has designed the covers for Dave Eggerss novels A Hologram for the King. Hische designed the packaging for comedian John Hodgmans comedy special John Hodgman and she has also designed the most recent logo revision for email marketing service provider MailChimp under the art direction of Ron Lewis. Hische has worked with such as Wes Anderson, Dave Eggers, Penguin Books, The New York Times. OXFAM America, McSweeney’s, American Express, Target, Victoria’s Secret, Chronicle Books, Nike, Samsung and she was honoured with the Young Gun award of the ADC. Hische currently works out of Title Case, a collaborative studio in San Francisco. Hische operates this studio with fellow letterer and designer, Erik Marinovich and she has also shared studios with Studiomates and The Pencil Factory. Hische counts designers Matthew Carter, Marian Bantjes, Chris Ware, Doyald Young, Ed Benguiat, though Hische predominantly works in lettering, she has produced a number of commercial and proprietary typefaces. Buttermilk™ Snowflake Brioche Minot Silenco Sans Tilda - the typeface Hische developed for the 2012 Wes Anderson film Moonrise Kingdom
Jessica Hische
–
Jessica Hische
3.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
–
Flag
United States
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
4.
English language
–
English /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the global lingua franca. Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is the third most common language in the world, after Mandarin. It is the most widely learned second language and a language of the United Nations, of the European Union. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch, English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England, Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible, and the start of the Great Vowel Shift. Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries, English is an Indo-European language, and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. Most closely related to English are the Frisian languages, and English, Old Saxon and its descendent Low German languages are also closely related, and sometimes Low German, English, and Frisian are grouped together as the Ingvaeonic or North Sea Germanic languages. Modern English descends from Middle English, which in turn descends from Old English, particular dialects of Old and Middle English also developed into a number of other English languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Forth and Bargy dialects of Ireland. English is classified as a Germanic language because it shares new language features with other Germanic languages such as Dutch, German and these shared innovations show that the languages have descended from a single common ancestor, which linguists call Proto-Germanic. Through Grimms law, the word for foot begins with /f/ in Germanic languages, English is classified as an Anglo-Frisian language because Frisian and English share other features, such as the palatalisation of consonants that were velar consonants in Proto-Germanic. The earliest form of English is called Old English or Anglo-Saxon, in the fifth century, the Anglo-Saxons settled Britain and the Romans withdrew from Britain. England and English are named after the Angles, Old English was divided into four dialects, the Anglian dialects, Mercian and Northumbrian, and the Saxon dialects, Kentish and West Saxon. Through the educational reforms of King Alfred in the century and the influence of the kingdom of Wessex. The epic poem Beowulf is written in West Saxon, and the earliest English poem, Modern English developed mainly from Mercian, but the Scots language developed from Northumbrian. A few short inscriptions from the period of Old English were written using a runic script. By the sixth century, a Latin alphabet was adopted, written with half-uncial letterforms and it included the runic letters wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ and thorn ⟨þ⟩, and the modified Latin letters eth ⟨ð⟩, and ash ⟨æ⟩
English language
–
The opening to the Old English epic poem
Beowulf,
handwritten in
half-uncial script: Hƿæt ƿē Gārde/na ingēar dagum þēod cyninga / þrym ge frunon... "Listen! We of the Spear-Danes from days of yore have heard of the glory of the folk-kings..."
English language
–
Countries of the world where English is a majority native language
English language
–
Title page of Geoffrey Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales c.1400
5.
Science fiction
–
Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a literature of ideas. Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a range of subgenres and themes. Author and editor Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying science fiction is what we point to when we say it, a definition echoed by author Mark C. Glassy, who argues that the definition of science fiction is like the definition of pornography, you do not know what it is, in 1970 or 1971William Atheling Jr. According to science fiction writer Robert A, rod Serlings definition is fantasy is the impossible made probable. Science fiction is the improbable made possible, Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. Science fiction elements include, A time setting in the future, in alternative timelines, a spatial setting or scenes in outer space, on other worlds, or on subterranean earth. Characters that include aliens, mutants, androids, or humanoid robots, futuristic or plausible technology such as ray guns, teleportation machines, and humanoid computers. Scientific principles that are new or that contradict accepted physical laws, for time travel, wormholes. New and different political or social systems, e. g. utopian, dystopian, post-scarcity, paranormal abilities such as mind control, telepathy, telekinesis Other universes or dimensions and travel between them. A product of the budding Age of Reason and the development of science itself. Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan considered Keplers work the first science fiction story and it depicts a journey to the Moon and how the Earths motion is seen from there. Later, Edgar Allan Poe wrote a story about a flight to the moon, more examples appeared throughout the 19th century. Wells The War of the Worlds describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians using tripod fighting machines equipped with advanced weaponry and it is a seminal depiction of an alien invasion of Earth. In the late 19th century, the scientific romance was used in Britain to describe much of this fiction. This produced additional offshoots, such as the 1884 novella Flatland, the term would continue to be used into the early 20th century for writers such as Olaf Stapledon. In the early 20th century, pulp magazines helped develop a new generation of mainly American SF writers, influenced by Hugo Gernsback, the founder of Amazing Stories magazine. In 1912 Edgar Rice Burroughs published A Princess of Mars, the first of his series of Barsoom novels, situated on Mars
Science fiction
–
A futuristic setting is a common but not a necessary hallmark of science fiction. A common thread in science fiction is exploring the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations on people's lives.
Science fiction
–
H. G. Wells
Science fiction
–
Jules Verne
Science fiction
–
Arthur C. Clarke
6.
Alfred A. Knopf
–
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is a New York publishing house that was founded by Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. The publisher had a reputation for a pursuit of perfection and elegant taste and it was acquired by Random House in 1960 and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. The Knopf publishing house is associated with its borzoi colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925, Knopf was founded in 1915 by Alfred A. Knopf, Sr. with a $5,000 advance from his father. The first office was located in New Yorks Candler Building, the publishing house was officially incorporated in 1918, with Alfred Knopf as president, Blanche Knopf as vice-president, and Samuel Knopf as treasurer. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, william A. Koshland joined the company in 1934, and worked with the firm for more than fifty years, rising to take the positions of President and Chairman of the Board. Blanche became President in 1957 when Alfred became Chairman of the Board, Alfred Knopf retired in 1972, becoming chairman emeritus of the firm until his death in 1984. Alfred Knopf also had a home in Purchase, New York. Beginning in 1920, Knopf also produced a chapbook, for the purpose of promoting new books, the Borzoi was published periodically over the years, the first being a hardback called the Borzoi and sometimes quarterly as the Borzoi Quarterly. In 1923 Knopf also started publishing periodicals, beginning with The American Mercury, founded by H. L. Mencken and George Jean Nathan, following the Good Neighbor policy, Blanche Knopf visited South America in 1942, so the firm could start producing texts from there. She was one of the first publishers to visit Europe after World War II and her trips, and those of other editors, brought in new writers from Europe, South America, and Asia. Alfred traveled to Brazil in 1961, which spurred a corresponding interest on his part in South America and their son, Alfred Pat Jr. was hired on as secretary and trade books manager after the war. In a 1957 advertisement in the Atlantic Monthly, Alfred A. Knopf published the Borzoi Credo, the credo includes a list of what Knopfs beliefs for publishing including the statement that he never published an unworthy book. Among a list of beliefs listed is the final one--I believe that magazines, movies, television, in 1960 Random House acquired Alfred A. Knopf. It is believed that the decision to sell was prompted by Alfred A. Knopf, Jr. leaving Knopf to found his own book company, Atheneum Books in 1959. While there have many notable editors at Knopf there have only been three editors-in-chief-- Alfred A. Knopf, Sr. Robert Gottlieb and Sonny Mehta. Knopf also employed literary scouts to good advantage, at least 17 Nobel Prize and 47 Pulitzer Prize winning authors have been published by Knopf, though they have also passed at times on subsequently notable books. Knopf books conclude with a page titled A Note on the Type. In addition, Knopf books date the year of the current printing on the title page
Alfred A. Knopf
–
Alfred A. Knopf
7.
Hardcover
–
A hardcover or hardback book is one bound with rigid protective covers. It has a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened, following the ISBN sequence numbers, books of this type may be identified by the abbreviation Hbk. Hardcover books are printed on acid-free paper, and are much more durable than paperbacks. Hardcover books are more costly to manufacture. If brisk sales are anticipated, an edition of a book is typically released first. Some publishers publish paperback originals if slow hardback sales are anticipated, for very popular books these sales cycles may be extended, and followed by a mass market paperback edition typeset in a more compact size and printed on shallower, less hardy paper. In the past the release of an edition was one year after the hardback. It is very unusual for a book that was first published in paperback to be followed by a hardback, an example is the novel The Judgment of Paris by Gore Vidal, which had its revised edition of 1961 first published in paperback, and later in hardcover. Hardcover books are sold at higher prices than comparable paperbacks. Hardcovers typically consist of a block, two boards, and a cloth or heavy paper covering. The pages are sewn together and glued onto a flexible spine between the boards, and it too is covered by the cloth, a paper wrapper, or dust jacket, is usually put over the binding, folding over each horizontal end of the boards. On the folded part, or flap, over the front cover is generally a blurb, the back flap is where the biography of the author can be found. Reviews are often placed on the back of the jacket, bookbinding Paperback How to make a simple Hardcover book
Hardcover
–
An example of the modern hardcover book with dust jacket: The first edition of
William Faulkner 's 1929 novel
The Sound and the Fury
Hardcover
–
Old hardcover books at the
Merton College library.
8.
Paperback
–
A paperback is a type of book characterized by a thick paper or paperboard cover, and often held together with glue rather than stitches or staples. In contrast, hardcover or hardback books are bound with cardboard covered with cloth, inexpensive books bound in paper have existed since at least the 19th century in such forms as pamphlets, yellowbacks, dime novels, and airport novels. Modern paperbacks can be differentiated by size, in the US there are mass-market paperbacks and larger, more durable trade paperbacks. In the UK, there are A-format, B-format, and the largest C-format sizes, Paperback editions of books are issued when a publisher decides to release a book in a low-cost format. Cheaper, lower quality paper, glued bindings, and the lack of a cover may contribute to the lower cost of paperbacks. Paperbacks can be the medium when a book is not expected to be a major seller or where the publisher wishes to release a book without putting forth a large investment. Examples include many novels, and newer editions or reprintings of older books, first editions of many modern books, especially genre fiction, are issued in paperback. Best-selling books, on the hand, may maintain sales in hardcover for an extended period in order to reap the greater profits that the hardcovers provide. These paper bound volumes were offered for sale at a fraction of the historic cost of a book, the Routledges Railway Library series of paperbacks remained in print until 1898, and offered the traveling public 1,277 unique titles. The German-language market also supported examples of cheap books, Bernhard Tauchnitz started the Collection of British. These inexpensive, paperbound editions, a precursor to mass-market paperbacks. Reclam published Shakespeare in this format from October 1857 and went on to pioneer the mass-market paper-bound Universal-Bibliothek series from 10 November 1867, the German publisher Albatross Books revised the 20th-century mass-market paperback format in 1931, but the approach of World War II cut the experiment short. The first released book on Penguins 1935 list was André Maurois Ariel, Lane intended to produce inexpensive books. He purchased paperback rights from publishers, ordered large print runs to keep prices low. Booksellers were initially reluctant to buy his books, but when Woolworths placed a large order, after that initial success, booksellers showed more willingness to stock paperbacks, and the name Penguin became closely associated with the word paperback. In 1939, Robert de Graaf issued a similar line in the United States, the term pocket book became synonymous with paperback in English-speaking North America. In French, the term livre de poche was used and is still in use today, de Graaf, like Lane, negotiated paperback rights from other publishers, and produced many runs. His practices contrasted with those of Lane by his adoption of illustrated covers aimed at the North American market, in order to reach an even broader market than Lane, he used distribution networks of newspapers and magazines, which had a lengthy history of being aimed at mass audiences
Paperback
–
Blank paperback book
Paperback
9.
Audiobook
–
An audiobook is a recording of a text being read. A reading of the text is noted as unabridged, while readings of a reduced version. Spoken audio has been available in schools and public libraries and to an extent in music shops since the 1930s. Many spoken word albums were made prior to the age of videocassettes, DVDs, compact discs and it was not until the 1980s that the medium began to attract book retailers, and then book retailers started displaying audiobooks on bookshelves rather than in separate displays. In 1994, the Audio Publishers Association established the term audiobook as the industry standard, Spoken word recordings first became possible with the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877. Phonographic books were one of the original applications envisioned by Edison which would speak to people without effort on their part. The initial words spoken into the phonograph were Edisons recital of Mary Had a Little Lamb, one early listener complained that he would need a wheelbarrow to carry around talking books recorded on discs with such limited storage capacity. By the 1930s close-grooved records increased to 20 minutes making possible longer narrative, the first test recordings in 1932 included a chapter from Helen Kellers Midstream and Edgar Allan Poes The Raven. The organization received approval for exemption from copyright and free postal distribution of talking books. M. Delafield, Cora Jarrett, Rudyard Kipling, John Masefield, Macdonald mobilized the women of the Auxiliary under the motto Education is a right, not a privilege. In 1952, Macdonald established recording studios in seven cities across the United States. Caedmon Records was a pioneer in the business, it was the first company dedicated to selling spoken work recordings to the public and has been called the seed of the audiobook industry. Caedmon was formed in New York in 1952 by college graduates Barbara Holdridge and their first release was a collection of poems by Dylan Thomas as read by the author. The original 1952 recording was a selection for the 2008 United States National Recording Registry, Listening Library was also a pioneering company, it was one of the first to distribute childrens audiobooks to schools, libraries and other special markets, including VA hospitals. It was founded by Anthony Ditlow and his wife in 1955 in their Red Bank, New Jersey home, like Caedemon, Listening Library and Spoken Arts benefited from the new technology of LPs, but also increased governmental funding for schools and libraries beginning in the 1950s and 60s. Cassette tapes were invented in 1963 and a few libraries, such as the Library of Congress, however, during the 1970s, a number of technological innovations allowed the cassette tape wider usage in libraries and also spawned the creation of new commercial audiobook market. In the early 1970s, instructional recordings were among the first commercial products sold on cassette, there were 8 companies distributing materials on cassette with titles such as Managing and Selling Companies and Executive Seminar in Sound on a series of 60-minute cassettes. His company, the Maryland-based Recorded Books, followed the model of Books on Tape but with higher quality studio recordings, Recorded Books and Chivers Audio Books were the first to develop integrated production teams and to work with professional actors
Audiobook
–
Caption reads: "The phonograph at home reading out a novel." From Daily Graphic (New York), April 2, 1878. Less than a year after the invention of the phonograph, this drawing offered a future vision. Novels however would remain impractical for phonographs until the 1930s.
Audiobook
–
An audiobook collection in a library
Audiobook
–
Example of an audio studio of professional readings.
10.
E-book
–
An electronic book is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Although sometimes defined as a version of a printed book. Commercially produced and sold e-books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e-reader devices, however, almost any sophisticated computer device that features a controllable viewing screen can also be used to read e-books, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones. In the 2000s, there was a trend of print and e-book sales moving to the Internet, where readers buy traditional paper books and e-books on websites using e-commerce systems. With e-books, users can browse through online, and then when they select and order titles. At the start of 2012 in the U. S. more e-books were published online than were distributed in hardcover, the main reasons that people are buying e-books online are due to possibly lower prices, increased comfort and a larger selection of titles. With e-books, lectronic bookmarks make referencing easier, and e-book readers may allow the user to annotate pages, although fiction and non-fiction books come in e-book formats, technical material is especially suited for e-book delivery because it can be searched for keywords. In addition, for programming books, code examples can be copied, E-book reading is increasing in the U. S. by 2014, 28% of adults had read an e-book, compared to 23% in 2013. This is increasing, because by 2014 50% of American adults had an e-reader or a tablet, E-books are also referred to as ebooks, eBooks, e-Books, e-journals, e-editions or as digital books. The devices that are designed specifically for reading e-books are called e-readers, the idea of an e-reader that would enable a reader to view books on a screen came to Bob Brown after watching his first talkie. In 1930, he wrote a book on this idea and titled it The Readies, although Brown came up with the idea intellectually in the 1930s, early commercial e-readers did not follow his model. Schuessler relates it to a DJ spinning bits of old songs to create a beat or a new song as opposed to just a remix of a familiar song. The inventor of the first e-book is not widely agreed upon and her idea behind the device was to decrease the number of books that her pupils carried to school. The first e-book may be the Index Thomisticus, a heavily annotated electronic index to the works of Thomas Aquinas, prepared by Roberto Busa beginning in 1949, although originally stored on a single computer, a distributable CD-ROM version appeared in 1989. In 2005, the Index was published online, augment ran on specialized hardware, while FRESS ran on IBM mainframes. All these systems also provided extensive hyperlinking, graphics, and other capabilities, van Dam is generally thought to have coined the term electronic book, and it was established enough to use in an article title by 1985. FRESS was used for reading extensive primary texts online, as well as for annotation and online discussions in several courses, browns faculty made extensive use of FRESS, for example the philosopher Roderick Chisholm used it to produce several of his books. Thus in the Preface to Person and Object he writes The book would not have been completed without the epoch-making File Retrieval, despite the extensive earlier history, several publications report Michael S. Hart as the inventor of the e-book
E-book
–
Amazon's
Kindle Keyboard e-reader displaying an e-book
E-book
–
Ángela Ruiz Robles with la Enciclopedia Mecánica
E-book
–
Michael Hart (left) and Gregory Newby (right) of Project Gutenberg, 2006
E-book
–
First portable electronic book
11.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
International Standard Book Number
–
A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an
EAN-13 bar code
12.
Novel
–
A novel is any relatively long piece of written narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book. The genre has also described as possessing, a continuous. This view sees the novels origins in Classical Greece and Rome, medieval, early modern romance, the latter, an Italian word used to describe short stories, supplied the present generic English term in the 18th century. The romance is a closely related long prose narrative, Romance, as defined here, should not be confused with the genre fiction love romance or romance novel. Other European languages do not distinguish between romance and novel, a novel is le roman, der Roman, il romanzo, a novel is a long, fictional narrative which describes intimate human experiences. Most European languages use the word romance for extended narratives, fictionality is most commonly cited as distinguishing novels from historiography. However this can be a problematic criterion, historians would also invent and compose speeches for didactic purposes. Novels can, on the hand, depict the social, political and personal realities of a place and period with clarity. Even in the 19th century, fictional narratives in verse, such as Lord Byrons Don Juan, Alexander Pushkins Yevgeniy Onegin, vikram Seths The Golden Gate, composed of 590 Onegin stanzas, is a more recent example of the verse novel. Both in 12th-century Japan and 15th-century Europe, prose fiction created intimate reading situations, on the other hand, verse epics, including the Odyssey and Aeneid, had been recited to a select audiences, though this was a more intimate experience than the performance of plays in theaters. A new world of Individualistic fashion, personal views, intimate feelings, secret anxieties, conduct and gallantry spread with novels, the novel is today the longest genre of narrative prose fiction, followed by the novella, short story, and flash fiction. However, in the 17th century critics saw the romance as of epic length, the length of a novel can still be important because most literary awards use length as a criterion in the ranking system. Urbanization and the spread of printed books in Song Dynasty China led to the evolution of oral storytelling into consciously fictional novels by the Ming dynasty, parallel European developments did not occur for centuries, and awaited the time when the availability of paper allowed for similar opportunities. By contrast, Ibn Tufails Hayy ibn Yaqdhan and Ibn al-Nafis Theologus Autodidactus are works of didactic philosophy, in this sense, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan would be considered an early example of a philosophical novel, while Theologus Autodidactus would be considered an early theological novel. Epic poetry exhibits some similarities with the novel, and the Western tradition of the novel back into the field of verse epics. Then at the beginning of the 18th century, French prose translations brought Homers works to a wider public, longus is the author of the famous Greek novel, Daphnis and Chloe. Romance or chivalric romance is a type of narrative in prose or verse popular in the circles of High Medieval. In later romances, particularly those of French origin, there is a tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love
Novel
–
Madame de Pompadour spending her afternoon with a book, 1756.
Novel
Novel
–
Paper as the essential carrier:
Murasaki Shikibu writing her
The Tale of Genji in the early 11th century, 17th-century depiction
Novel
–
Chaucer reciting
Troilus and Criseyde: early-15th-century manuscript of the work at
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
13.
Der Spiegel
–
Der Spiegel is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg. It is one of Europes largest publications of its kind, with a circulation of 840,000. Spiegel Online, the sibling of Der Spiegel, was launched in 1994 with an independent editorial staff. Typically, the magazine has a content to advertising ratio of 2,1, Der Spiegel is known in German-speaking countries mostly for its investigative journalism. It has played a key role in uncovering many political scandals such as the Spiegel scandal in 1962, according to The Economist, Der Spiegel is one of continental Europes most influential magazines. The first edition of Der Spiegel was published in Hanover on Saturday,4 January 1947 and its release was initiated and sponsored by the British occupational administration and preceded by a magazine titled Diese Woche, which had first been published in November 1946. After disagreements with the British, the magazine was handed over to Rudolf Augstein as chief editor, from the first edition in January 1947, Augstein held the position of editor-in-chief, which he retained until his death on 7 November 2002. After 1950, the magazine was owned by Rudolf Augstein and John Jahr, in 1969, Augstein bought out Gruner + Jahr for DM42 million and became the sole owner of Der Spiegel. In 1971, Gruner + Jahr bought back a 25% share in the magazine, in 1974, Augstein restructured the company to make the employees shareholders. All employees with more than three years seniority were offered the opportunity to become an associate and participate in the management of the company, since 1952, Der Spiegel has been headquartered in its own building in the old town part of Hamburg. From 15,000 copies in 1947, it grew to 65,000 in 1948 and 437,000 in 1961 and it was nearly 500,000 copies in 1962. By the 1970s, it had reached a plateau at about 900,000 copies, when the German re-unification in 1990 made it available to a new readership in former East Germany, the circulation exceeded one million. Since 1988, it has produced the TV programme Spiegel TV, during the second quarter of 1992 the circulation of Der Spiegel was 1.1 million copies. In 1994, Spiegel Online was launched and it has separate and independent editorial staff from Der Spiegel. In 1999 the circulation of Der Spiegel was 1,061,000 copies, Der Spiegel had an average circulation of 1,076,000 copies in 2003. In 2007 the magazine started a new regional supplement in Switzerland and it was the first regional supplement of the magazine which covers 50-page review of Switzerland. In 2010 Der Spiegel was employing the equivalent of 80 full-time fact checkers, the same year it was the third best-selling general interest magazine in Europe with a circulation of 1,016,373 copies. When Stefan Aust took over in 1994, the magazines readers realised that his personality was different from his predecessor, in 2005, a documentary by Stephan Lamby quoted him as follows, We stand at a very big cannon
Der Spiegel
–
1 May 2004 issue
Der Spiegel
–
Old Spiegel headquarters,
Hamburg
Der Spiegel
–
New Spiegel headquarters since 2011,
Hamburg
14.
Sascha Lobo
–
Sascha Lobo is a German blogger, writer, journalist and Copywriter. Lobos work is concerned with the Internet and with the social effects of new technology. In 2000, Lobo founded an advertising agency, and in the following years worked in advertising while also writing for the magazine Blond. In 2005 he co-founded the blog Riesenmaschine, the following year his book Wir nennen es Arbeit was published. In 2007 Lobo co-founded adical, a marketing agency. His first novel Strohfeuer was published in September 2010, Holm Friebe, Sascha Lobo, Wir nennen es Arbeit – die digitale Bohème oder, intelligentes Leben jenseits der Festanstellung. ISBN 978-3-453-60056-0 Kathrin Passig, Holm Friebe, Aleks Scholz, Sascha Lobo, ISBN 978-3-453-61001-9 Kathrin Passig, Sascha Lobo, Dinge geregelt kriegen – ohne einen Funken Selbstdisziplin. ISBN 978-3-87134-619-4 Sascha Lobo, Strohfeuer Rowohlt, Berlin 2010
Sascha Lobo
–
Sascha Lobo in June 2009
15.
We (novel)
–
We is a dystopian novel by Russian writer Yevgeny Zamyatin, completed in 1921. The novel was first published in 1924 by E. P. Dutton in New York in an English translation by Gregory Zilboorg, the novel describes a world of harmony and conformity within a united totalitarian state. D-503, an engineer, lives in the One State, an urban nation constructed almost entirely of glass. The structure of the state is Panopticon-like, and life is scientifically managed F. W. Taylor-style, people march in step with each other and are uniformed. There is no way of referring to people except by their given numbers, the society is run strictly by logic or reason as the primary justification for the laws or the construct of the society. The individuals behaviour is based on logic by way of formulas, One thousand years after the One States conquest of the entire world, the spaceship Integral is being built in order to invade and conquer extraterrestrial planets. Meanwhile, the chief engineer, D-503, begins a journal that he intends to be carried upon the completed spaceship. Like all other citizens of One State, D-503 lives in an apartment building and is carefully watched by the secret police. D-503s lover, O-90, has been assigned by One State to visit him on certain nights and she is considered too short to bear children and is deeply grieved by her state in life. O-90s other lover and D-503s best friend is R-13, a State poet who reads his verse at public executions, while on an assigned walk with O-90, D-503 meets a woman named I-330. I-330 smokes cigarettes, drinks alcohol, and shamelessly flirts with D-503 instead of applying for an impersonal sex visit, both repelled and fascinated, D-503 struggles to overcome his attraction to I-330. I-330 invites him to visit the Ancient House, notable for being the only building in One State. Objects of aesthetic and historical importance dug up from around the city are stored there, There, I-330 offers him the services of a corrupt doctor to explain his absence from work. Leaving in horror, D-503 vows to denounce her to the Bureau of Guardians and he begins to have dreams, which disturbs him, as dreams are thought to be a symptom of mental illness. Slowly, I-330 reveals to D-503 that she is involved with the Mephi and she takes him through secret tunnels inside the Ancient House to the world outside the Green Wall, which surrounds the city-state. There, D-503 meets the inhabitants of the world, humans whose bodies are covered with animal fur. The aims of the Mephi are to destroy the Green Wall, despite the recent rift between them, O-90 pleads with D-503 to impregnate her illegally. After O-90 insists that she will obey the law by turning over their child to be raised by the One State, however, as her pregnancy progresses, O-90 realizes that she cannot bear to be parted from her baby under any circumstances
We (novel)
–
First English edition dust jacket, Dutton, New York.
16.
Brave New World
–
Brave New World is a novel written in 1931 by Aldous Huxley, and published in 1932. Huxley answered this book with a reassessment in an essay, Brave New World Revisited, in 1999, the Modern Library ranked Brave New World fifth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Brave New Worlds title derives from Mirandas speech in William Shakespeares The Tempest, Act V, how many goodly creatures are there here. O brave new world, That has such people int. Huxley wrote Brave New World while living in Sanary-sur-Mer, by this time, Huxley had already established himself as a writer and social satirist. Brave New World was Huxleys fifth novel and first dystopian work, Huxley said that Brave New World was inspired by the utopian novels of H. G. Wells, including A Modern Utopia and Men Like Gods. Wells hopeful vision of the futures possibilities gave Huxley the idea to begin writing a parody of the novel, which became Brave New World. He wrote in a letter to Mrs. Arthur Goldsmith, an American acquaintance, that he had been having a little fun pulling the leg of H. G. Wells, but then he got caught up in the excitement of own ideas. Unlike the most popular optimist utopian novels of the time, Huxley sought to provide a vision of the future. Huxley referred to Brave New World as a utopia, somewhat influenced by Wells own The Sleeper Awakes. George Orwell believed that Brave New World must have been derived from the novel We by Yevgeny Zamyatin. However, in a 1962 letter, Huxley says that he wrote Brave New World long before he had heard of We, according to We translator Natasha Randall, Orwell believed that Huxley was lying. The scientific futurism in Brave New World is believed to be cribbed from Daedalus by J. B. S. Haldane, the Brave New World character Mustapha Mond, Resident World Controller of Western Europe, is named after Sir Alfred Mond. Huxley visited Monds technologically advanced plant near Billingham, north east England, shortly before writing the novel, Huxley used the setting and characters in his science fiction novel to express widely held opinions, particularly the fear of losing individual identity in the fast-paced world of the future. An early trip to the United States gave Brave New World much of its character, the novel opens in London in AF632. The society is illuminated by the activities of the central characters, Lenina Crowne and Bernard Marx. Lenina, a worker, is socially accepted and contented, but Bernard. He is shorter in stature than the average of his Alpha caste—a quality shared by the lower castes and his intelligence and his work with hypnopaedia allow him to understand, and disapprove of, the methods by which society is sustained. Courting disaster, he is vocal and arrogant about his differences, Bernard is mocked by other Alphas because of his stature, as well as for his individualistic tendencies, and is threatened with exile to Iceland because of his nonconformity
Brave New World
–
First edition cover
Brave New World
–
Huxley hailed
Billingham as a "triumphant embodiment" of the principles of planning, an "ordered universe in the midst of the larger world of planless incoherence".
Brave New World
–
First UK edition
17.
Nineteen Eighty-Four
–
Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell. The novel is set in Airstrip One, a province of the superstate Oceania in a world of war, omnipresent government surveillance. The superstate and its residents are dictated to by a political regime euphemistically named English Socialism, shortened to Ingsoc in Newspeak, the tyranny is ostensibly overseen by Big Brother, the Party leader who enjoys an intense cult of personality, but who may not even exist. The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake and it is not interested in the good of others, it is interested solely in power. The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth and his job is to rewrite past newspaper articles, so that the historical record always supports the party line. The instructions that the workers receive portray the corrections as fixing misquotations and never as what they really are, forgeries and falsifications. A large part of the Ministry also actively destroys all documents that have not been edited and do not contain the revisions, in this way, Smith is a diligent and skillful worker but secretly hates the Party and dreams of rebellion against Big Brother. The heroine of the novel, Julia, is based on Orwells second wife, as literary political fiction and dystopian science-fiction, Nineteen Eighty-Four is a classic novel in content, plot and style. Many of its terms and concepts, such as Big Brother, doublethink, thoughtcrime, Newspeak, Room 101, telescreen,2 +2 =5, and memory hole, have entered into common use since its publication in 1949. Nineteen Eighty-Four popularised the adjective Orwellian, which describes official deception, secret surveillance, in 2005, the novel was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005. It was awarded a place on lists of Modern Library 100 Best Novels, reaching number 13 on the editors list. In 2003, the novel was listed at number 8 on the BBCs survey The Big Read, on 4 December 1948, he sent the final manuscript to the publisher Secker and Warburg and Nineteen Eighty-Four was published on 8 June 1949. By 1989, it had translated into sixty-five languages, more than any other novel in English at the time. Warburg suggested changing the title to a more commercial one. In the novel 1985, Anthony Burgess suggests that Orwell, disillusioned by the onset of the Cold War, intended to call the book 1948. The introduction to the Penguin Books Modern Classics edition of Nineteen Eighty-Four reports that Orwell originally set the novel in 1980, the final title is also a permutation of 1948, the year of composition. The novel is in the domain in Canada, South Africa, Argentina, Australia. It will be in the domain in the United Kingdom and Brazil in 2021
Nineteen Eighty-Four
–
British first edition cover
Nineteen Eighty-Four
–
A 1947 draft manuscript of the first page of Nineteen Eighty-Four, showing the editorial development.
Nineteen Eighty-Four
–
Nikolai Yezhov walking with Stalin in the top photo from the mid 1930s. Following his execution in 1940, Yezhov was edited out of the photo by Soviet censors. Yezhov became an "unperson."
Nineteen Eighty-Four
18.
James Ponsoldt
–
James Adam Ponsoldt is an American film director, actor and screenwriter, now based in Los Angeles. He directed the drama films Off the Black and Smashed, the romantic comedy-drama The Spectacular Now, and his new film The Circle is scheduled to be released on April 28,2017 Ponsoldt was born in Athens, Georgia. He is the son of James F. and Susan E. Ponsoldt, and his father is a retired law professor, formerly at the University of Georgia. He grew up in Athens, and attended Cedar Shoals High School and he received his bachelors degree from Yale University and graduated from Columbia University with an MFA in directing. Ponsoldt is also a graduate of the Professional Programs in Screenwriting and Producing at the UCLA School of Theater, Film, Ponsoldt has written and directed three short films, Coming Down the Mountain, Rush Tickets, and Junebug and Hurricane. He also co-directed a documentary short called We Saw Such Things, about the mermaids of Weeki Wachee Springs, ponsoldts first feature film that he both wrote and directed, Off the Black, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2006. The film stars Nick Nolte and Trevor Morgan and his second feature film that he also both wrote and directed was Smashed, which starred Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Aaron Paul. Smashed premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival on January 22,2012, dramatic Special Jury Prize for Excellence in Independent Film Producing. The film also received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Winsteads performance, the Spectacular Now, the third feature film Ponsoldt directed, was written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber based on the novel by Tim Tharp. Spin called the film The next great teen movie, new York-based distribution company A24 inked a deal for The Spectacular Now, which Ponsoldt shot in Athens, Georgia, in the summer of 2012. The film was released on August 2,2013, ponsoldts fourth feature as director is The End of the Tour, with a screenplay by Donald Margulies, based on the book Although of Course You End Up Becoming Yourself, by David Lipsky. It follows Rolling Stone writer David Lipsky as he interviews author David Foster Wallace, the film also stars Anna Chlumsky and Ron Livingston. It premiered at The Sundance Film Festival in January 2015, and was released theatrically in July 2015, Ponsoldt has also directed an episode of Parenthood entitled The M Word, an episode of Shameless entitled Iron City, and two episodes of the Aziz Ansari series Master of None. Ponsoldt has also written a screenplay based on Dave Eggers novel The Circle, about an omnipotent high-tech company known as The Circle, tom Hanks, Emma Watson, Karen Gillan and John Boyega are currently attached to the film. He also plans to be a producer on his adaptation of Dave Eggers The Circle
James Ponsoldt
–
Ponsoldt in September 2012
19.
Emma Watson
–
Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson is a British actress, model, and activist. Born in Paris and brought up in Oxfordshire, Watson attended the Dragon School and she rose to prominence after landing her first professional acting role as Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter film series, having acted only in school plays previously. Watson appeared in all eight Harry Potter films from 2001 to 2011, earning fame, critical accolades. Watson continued to work outside of the Harry Potter films, lending her voice to The Tale of Despereaux, in 2017, she portrayed Belle in a live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast. Her modelling work has included campaigns for Burberry and Lancôme, as a fashion consultant, she helped create a line of clothing for People Tree. She was honoured by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2014 and that same year, she was appointed as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador and helped launch the UN Women campaign HeForShe, which calls for men to advocate gender equality. Watson was born in Paris, France, the daughter of English lawyers Jacqueline Luesby, Watson lived in Paris until the age of five. Her parents separated when she was young, following their divorce, Watson has stated that she speaks some French, though not as well as she used to. After moving to Oxford with her mother and brother, she attended the Dragon School in Oxford, remaining there until 2003. From the age of six, she wanted to become an actress, and trained at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts, a theatre school where she studied singing, dancing. Following the Dragon School, Watson moved on to Headington School, while on film sets, she and her peers were tutored for up to five hours a day. In June 2006, she took GCSE school examinations in ten subjects, achieving eight A*, in 1999, casting began for Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, the film adaptation of British author J. K. Rowlings best-selling novel. Casting agents found Watson through her Oxford theatre teacher, and producers were impressed by her confidence, rowling supported Watson from her first screen test. The release of Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone in 2001 was Watsons debut screen performance, the film broke records for opening-day sales and opening-weekend takings and was the highest-grossing film of 2001. Critics praised the performances of the three leads, often singling out Watson for particular acclaim, The Daily Telegraph called her performance admirable, Watson was nominated for five awards for her performance in Philosophers Stone, winning the Young Artist Award for Leading Young Actress. A year later, Watson again starred as Hermione in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, reviewers praised the lead actors performances. The Los Angeles Times said Watson and her peers had matured between films, while The Times criticised director Chris Columbus for under-employing Watsons hugely popular character, Watson received an Otto Award from the German magazine Bravo for her performance. In 2004, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was released, Watson was appreciative of the more assertive role Hermione played, calling her character charismatic and a fantastic role to play
Emma Watson
–
Watson at the
2013 Cannes Film Festival
Emma Watson
–
Handprints, footprints and
wand prints of (from left to right) Watson, Radcliffe, Grint, 2007
Emma Watson
–
Watson at the premiere of
Goblet of Fire in November 2005
Emma Watson
–
Watson at the premiere of
Half-Blood Prince in July 2009
20.
Tom Hanks
–
Thomas Jeffrey Hanks is an American actor and filmmaker. Hanks films have grossed more than $4.5 billion at U. S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide, Hanks has been nominated for numerous awards during his career. In 2004, he received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor and, in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2010, Spielberg and Hanks were executive producers on the HBO miniseries The Pacific. Hanks was born in Concord, California, the son of Janet Marylyn, a worker, and Amos Mefford Hanks. His mother was of Portuguese descent, while his father had English ancestry. The familys three oldest children, Sandra, Larry and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim, in his childhood, his family moved often. By the age of ten, Hanks had lived in ten different houses, while Hanks family religious history was Catholic and Mormon, he has characterized himself as being a Bible-toting evangelical for several years as a teenager. In school, Hanks was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling Rolling Stone magazine, I was a geek, I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy whod yell out funny captions during filmstrips, but I didnt get into trouble. I was always a good kid and pretty responsible. In 1965, his father married Frances Wong, a San Francisco native of Chinese descent, Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Hanks during his high school years. Hanks acted in plays, including South Pacific, while attending Skyline High School in Oakland. Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California, and transferred to California State University, Sacramento, Hanks told New York magazine in 1986, Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of going to plays. I wouldnt take dates with me, id just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Ibsen, during his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio. At Dowlings suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the festival and his internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, prompting Hanks to drop out of college
Tom Hanks
–
Hanks receiving the 2014 Kennedy Center Honors Medallion, December 2014
Tom Hanks
–
Hanks on the film set of
Forrest Gump (1994)
Tom Hanks
–
Hanks' cement prints in front of the
Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood
Tom Hanks
–
Hanks at Post-Emmys Party, September 2008
21.
Karen Gillan
–
Karen Sheila Gillan is a Scottish actress and former model. She is known for the role of Amelia Pond, companion to the Eleventh Doctor and she took part in the upcoming films Jumanji, The Circle, Avengers, Infinity War and its untitled sequel. In 2017, she directed her first feature film Tupperware Party, Gillan was born and raised in Inverness in the Scottish highlands, the only child of Marie and Raymond Gillan, a singer and recording artist. When she turned 16, Gillan moved to Edinburgh and completed an HNC Acting and she moved to London at age 18 to study at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts drama school, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in acting. While studying at Italia Conti, Gillan was scouted by a modelling agency, Gillan has said she would not give up her acting career to return to modelling, stating that she enjoyed modelling but acting was always her main interest and goal. Gillans early television acting career included guest appearances on several series, with her first role being in an episode of Rebus. She appeared in the Channel 4 film Stacked, playing the role of Ginny. Gillan also appeared on TV in a role in a horror project entitled The Well. Part of the BBCs multimedia switch programming, the short episodes interconnect with online games that explore the environments presented in the series. She was cast for the role of the Eleventh Doctors first companion, Amy Pond and she made her first on-screen appearance as Amy Pond in The Eleventh Hour with her cousin Caitlin Blackwood portraying a young Amelia Pond. She appeared in the sixth series in 2011 and the first five episodes of the seventh series in 2012. She reprised the role in an appearance in the 2013 Christmas special The Time of the Doctor. Gillan had appeared in Doctor Who once before in the four episode The Fires of Pompeii in the role of a Soothsayer. Gillan made her first theatre appearance playing the role of Shirley in John Osbornes play Inadmissible Evidence along with Douglas Hodge, the play debuted at the Donmar Warehouse on 16 October 2011. During an interview at the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con, Gillan revealed that she would be returning to Doctor Who for its seventh series, on 15 December 2011, it was announced Gillan and Arthur Darvill would be leaving Doctor Who during the seventh series in 2012. In August 2011, it was announced that Gillan would star in an indie Scottish rom-com called Not Another Happy Ending alongside Emun Elliott, filming took place in July 2012, though Elliott was replaced by Stanley Weber. Gillan told journalists that she was happy to be involved in a Scottish production that isnt about drug use or fighting the English, the film premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival in June 2013. Gillan starred in the role in the supernatural horror movie Oculus
Karen Gillan
–
Gillan in July 2014
Karen Gillan
–
Gillan with
Matt Smith, promoting
series 5 of Doctor Who in March 2010
Karen Gillan
–
Gillan at the 2011
San Diego Comic Con International
22.
Ellar Coltrane
–
Ellar Coltrane Kinney Salmon, known professionally as Ellar Coltrane, is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Mason Evans Jr. in Richard Linklaters film Boyhood, Coltrane was born in Austin, Texas to Genevieve and Bruce Salmon, a musician. Coltrane and other members of the cast were filmed intermittently for several days at a time between May 2002 and August 2013, when Coltrane turned 19, there were 45 days of filming altogether. During his childhood, Coltrane also appeared in other movies. He was largely home-schooled as a child, with the exception of three years of high school followed by a GED and he has also been credited under his birth name of Ellar Salmon. Ellar Coltrane at the Internet Movie Database Official Flickr album
Ellar Coltrane
–
Ellar Coltrane in 2015
23.
John Boyega
–
Boyega rose to prominence in his native United Kingdom for his role as Moses in the 2011 sci-fi comedy film Attack the Block. Some of Boyegas other credits include historical fiction drama film Half of a Yellow Sun, four episodes of the television series 24, Live Another Day, Boyega was born in Peckham, south London, to Nigerian parents, Abigail and Samson. His first role was a leopard in a play at his primary school, Boyega was a pupil at Oliver Goldsmith Primary School. While acting in a play there at the age of nine, he was noticed by Teresa Early, the director of Theatre Peckham. After obtaining financial assistance from a fund, he joined the theatre. Boyegas father, a preacher, had wanted Boyega to become a preacher too, in 2003, Boyega started his secondary education at Westminster City School, where he took part in various school productions. Between 2008 and 2010, he attended South Thames College at the colleges Wandsworth campus to study for a National Diploma in Performing Arts and his activities at the college included playing the title role in the colleges production of Othello. He then enrolled at the University of Greenwich to study BA Film Studies & Media Writing, in September 2011, HBO announced that Boyega had been cast in the boxing drama pilot Da Brick, loosely based on Mike Tysons life. Boyega was expected to play Donnie, who is released from a detention centre on his 18th birthday. The pilot was written by John Ridley, but was not picked up by HBO, also in 2011, he acted in the film Junkhearts in which he portrayed Jamal, a drug dealer who finds some guns and tries to sell them. In March 2012, Boyega was cast in the adaptation of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichies book Half of a Yellow Sun. On 29 April 2014, it was confirmed that Boyega had been cast as a character in Star Wars. The film was released on 18 December 2015, both the film and Boyegas performance received acclaim from both audiences and critics. Boyega has stated in an interview that he is a fan of Marvel Comics, in January 2016, Boyega formed his own production company, Upperroom Entertainment Limited. In June 2016, Boyega announced that his company would be co-producing the sequel to the 2013 movie Pacific Rim titled Pacific Rim, Boyega will also play the lead role in the project. In June 2016, Boyega announced that he would be starring in Kathryn Bigelows upcoming project about the 1967 Detroit riots, John Boyega at the Internet Movie Database
John Boyega
–
John Boyega at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International.
John Boyega
–
John Boyega (2nd from the left), together with
Josh Wiggins,
Kodi Smit-McPhee and Sharon Swart (from the left to the right)
24.
Spiegel Online
–
Spiegel Online is one of the most widely read German-language news Websites. It was founded in 1994 as the Web offspring of the German news magazine, Der Spiegel, today, Spiegel Online is the most frequently quoted online media product in Germany. Spiegel Online International, an English section featuring articles translated into English, was launched in autumn 2004, Spiegel Online is run by Spiegel Online GmbH. Like Quality Channel, this corporation is part of SPIEGELnet GmbH, the editorial offices of Spiegel Online and Der Spiegel print magazine are separate operations, each with their own location, authors, and content. Spiegel Online has a record of profitability. Regular staff includes 150 people in the Hamburg headquarters, complemented by freelancers, in the German capital, Berlin,15 correspondents keep in touch with the German federal government, political parties, corporations and artists. The Munich and Düsseldorf offices have one correspondent each, there are journalists based in Washington, D. C. New York, London, Moscow, New Delhi and Istanbul, the online news staff also receives support from Der Spiegel magazine’s network of correspondents at home and abroad. The site also uses content from news agencies such as AFP, AP, dpa, wolfgang Büchner was editor in chief of Spiegel and Spiegel Online from September 2013 to December 2014. Büchners former deputies, Florian Harms and Barbara Hans, headed SpOn after Büchner left the company, on January 13,2015, Harms was appointed sole editor in chief. Spiegel Online first went up on 25 October 1994, making it the first online presence of a news magazine, one day before the Time site. SPON started as a service on CompuServe, the web domain www. spiegel. de was established one year later. SPONs content initially consisted of hand-picked articles from the print magazine, as early as 1995, however, original content first appeared in a section called Scanner, which was only available online. In the following year, Spiegel Online was relaunched and commenced featuring breaking news as well, list of magazines in Germany Spiegel Online Spiegel Online International
Spiegel Online
–
Spiegel Online
25.
Io9
–
Io9 is a blog launched in 2008 by Gawker Media. The blog focuses on the subjects of science fiction, fantasy, futurism, science, technology and it was founded by Annalee Newitz, a former policy analyst for the Electronic Frontier Foundation and contributor to Popular Science, Wired, and New Scientist. Between October 2010 and January 2012 io9 hosted the Geeks Guide to the Galaxy podcast, produced by John Joseph Adams, in 2008, shortly after Newitzs project, other magazine, ceased print publication, Gawker media asked her to start a science and sci-fi blog. In an interview, Newitz explained the significance of the name io9, Well, theyre brain implants that were outlawed because they drove anyone who used one insane. We totally made that up to name the blog, the blog is about looking into the future and science fiction, so we wanted to come up with a fictional name, something that was science fiction. Io9s Explanations page gives further details on the backstory of these devices. The blog is indexed by Google News, in 2012, io9 created a video series called io9, We Come From The Future. It had 32 shows from April 13,2012 through November 16,2012 and it was hosted by Annalee Newitz and Esther Inglis-Arkell. It was shown on the Internet television network Revision3 and on YouTube, the show discussed the latest news in science and science fiction. Io9 was referenced in the American television series Dollhouse, Io9s 11 person staff joined Gizmodos 22 person staff, under Newitzs overall supervision. Therefore, after a nearly eight-year run, Newitz retired from both io9 and Gizmodo on November 30,2015, to take a position as tech culture editor at Ars Technica, Anders remained as head editor of io9. The old io9. com URL automatically links to the main io9 subpage of io9. gizmodo. com, besides Newitz, several other longtime core staff members left their positions at io9 during this transitional time period in 2015. Meredith Woerner departed io9 in May 2015, to write for the Los Angeles Times Hero Complex column, lauren Davis and Robbie Gonzalez left in August 2015, Davis went back to school to complete her MFA, and Gonzalez left for a position at Wired. By May 2016 none of the original 2008 contributors were left on the site, on 26 April 2016 Charlie Jane Anders confirmed that she was leaving the site to focus her attention on her then untitled second novel and that Rob Bricken would take over as editor. Official website Io9s channel on YouTube
Io9
–
Charlie Jane Anders &
Annalee Newitz, 2011
26.
Variety (magazine)
–
Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19,2013, Variety originally reported on theater and vaudeville. Variety has been published since December 16,1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City, on January 19,1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. In 1933, Sime Silverman launched Daily Variety, based in Hollywood, Sime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931, he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman, known as Skigie, succeeded him as publisher of both publications, both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon, died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman, born 1932, was the heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syds legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956, after that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L. A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988, for twenty years its editor-in-chief was Peter Bart, originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman running the Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times, in April 2009, Bart moved to the position of vice president and editorial director, characterized online as Boffo No More, Bart Up and Out at Variety. From mid 2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw the publication as Editor-in-Chief, after over 30 years of various reporter, in October 2014, Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trades television coverage. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, Cahners Publishing purchased Variety from the Silverman family in 1987. On December 7,1988, Barts predecessor, Roger Watkins, proposed, upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on the front. In October 2012, Reed Business Information, the periodicals owner, PMC is the owner of Deadline. com, which since the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Varietys largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October,2012, Jay Penske announced that the paywall would come down, the print publication would stay. A significant portion of the advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards. During this Awards Season, large numbers of colorful, full-page For Your Consideration advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count, paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2013 was 40,000. Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with a total readership of 120,000. Variety. com has 17 million unique monthly visitors, Variety is a weekly entertainment publication with a broad coverage of movies, television, theater, music and technology, written for entertainment executives
Variety (magazine)
–
The Variety Building in December 2008.
27.
You Shall Know Our Velocity
–
You Shall Know Our Velocity. is a 2002 novel by Dave Eggers. It was Eggerss debut novel, following the success of his memoir A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, the plot follows Will and Hand, two childhood friends who set out on a week-long around-the-world odyssey, ostensibly to give away a large sum of money. Will has surprisingly come into an amount of money, around $32,000. His photograph screwing in a light bulb has been made a silhouette and is being used as a picture for the light bulb boxes. He is uncomfortable having this money, since he feels he did nothing to earn it, shortly after receiving the sum, Will and Hands mutual childhood friend, Jack, was involved in a car accident. The pair had delusional ambitions to use the money to save his life, after Jacks death, Will and Hand are asked to help go through Jacks possessions in a storage facility, where Hand decides to wander around and leaves Will. During Hands absence, Will is brutally beaten by three men, will and Hand agree that it is best not to go to the hospital, lest the attackers attempt to track them. According to Hand, they gave to people for the benefit of both parties, as a sacrament with the purpose of restoring a faith in humanity, the two devise many creative ways of distributing the unwanted money. One plan involves taping money to a donkey in a graph paper pouch that reads HERE I AM ROCK YOU LIKE A HURRICANE and another creating a treasure map for Estonian children. While on the journey, the two friends do many wild and spontaneous things, including practicing rolling over cars and jumping from tree to tree while 20 feet in the air, will becomes unstable and begins to lose his composure. The plot is both a log of the journey and a look into the mind of the narrator, Will, a pseudo-sequel, titled The Only Meaning of the Oil-Wet Water, follows Hand and the minor character Pilar in Central America. This short story is featured in the collection How We Are Hungry, in February 2003, Eggers and McSweeneys published Sacrament, a retitled hardcover edition of You Shall Know Our Velocity that included a new 49-page section inserted into the middle of the story. The U. S. trade-paperback edition of You Shall Know Our Velocity, released later that year by Vintage, includes this new material. The addition, narrated by Hand, calls into question the reliability of the narrator, in Hands version, their third friend, Jack, never actually existed. Instead, he is a representation of Wills mother, a device Will used to cope with the loss that apparently occurred several years before the trip. Hand also corrects one of the most startling scenes in Wills version, in which Will breaks down emotionally, Hand does say that Wills version was 85% true, though he did hate the title, renaming it Sacrament. The original version was narrated entirely by Will, in the world of the revised version, Wills memoirs were published six years earlier, and Hand has taken it upon himself to insert his own perspective immediately after the climax of the story. Hands meta-narrative is entirely self-contained, and it is as much a personal digression as it is a relevant critique of the story as presented by Will
You Shall Know Our Velocity
–
Cover of a reprint edition
You Shall Know Our Velocity
–
The novel starts off one of the protagonists falling to his death over a tropical waterfall
28.
What Is the What
–
What Is the What, The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program and it was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as murahaleen, wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight of his father and his friends, Moses and William K. William K escapes. Achak seeks shelter in the house of his aunt with his mother, before they are hidden, they hear the screaming of Achaks aunt, and his mother goes to investigate. He evades detection by hiding in a bag of grain, and he flees on foot with a group of other young boys, encountering great danger and terrible hardship along the way to a refugee camp in Ethiopia. Their inflated expectations of safety and relief are shattered by the conditions at the camp, after Ethiopian president Mengistu is overthrown and soldiers open fire on them, they flee to another refugee camp in Kakuma, Kenya. Years later he is selected under the Lost Boys of Sudan program to immigrate to the United States, there he encounters a new set of trials. The account runs in parallel to his story of subsequent hardships in the United States, in the preface to the novel, Deng writes, Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story. I told what I knew and what I could remember, the book is typical of Eggers style, blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. However, not all critics were impressed, questions of expropriation of another mans identity were addressed by Valentino Achak Deng and Dave Eggers in a discussion about the division between the speaker and the spoken for. After Eggers was approached with the idea, he began to prepare for the novel and he says that at this point, we really hadn’t decided whether I was just helping Valentino write his own book, or if I was writing a book about him. Valentino points out that, I thought I might want to write my own book, I was still taking classes in basic writing at Georgia Perimeter College. Dave Eggers discusses the difficulties in writing a book of nature, For a long while there, we continued doing interviews. But all along, I really didn’t know exactly what form it would finally take—whether it would be first person or third, after about eighteen months of struggle with it, we settled on a fictionalized autobiography, in Valentino’s voice. Eggers explains that this choice was made because Valentino’s voice is so distinct, very early on, when the book was in a more straightforward authorial voice, I missed the voice I was hearing on the tapes. So writing in Vals voice solved both problems, I could disappear completely, and the reader would have the benefit of his distinct voice. In 2007 The Ohio State University selected the novel as one of two choices for the book club, and distributed thousands of copies to incoming students
What Is the What
–
First edition cover
What Is the What
–
Deng and Eggers in October 2008
29.
A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius
–
A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius is a memoir by Dave Eggers released in 2000. It chronicles his stewardship of younger brother Christopher Toph Eggers following the deaths of his parents. The book was an commercial and critical success, reaching number one on The New York Times bestseller list. Time magazine and several newspapers dubbed it The Best Book of the Year, critics praised the book for its wild, vibrant prose, and it was described as big, daring manic-depressive by The New York Times. The book was chosen as the 12th best book of the decade by The Times, heidi McSweeney Eggers – Daves mother, a woman who has to deal with raising her children while suffering from stomach cancer. She dies in January 1992, relatively early in the book, john K. Eggers – Daves father was a heavy smoker and drinker. When he was a child, Dave remembers his father as a drunk, often chasing after his children. Like Daves mother, Daves father has a role in the book, as he died November 1991. William D. Eggers – Daves oldest brother and he isnt mentioned much throughout the book, although we know he lives in Los Angeles. Elizabeth Anne Beth Eggers – Daves sister, Beth took care of her dying mother and helped Dave raise Toph, their younger brother, after their parents died. Christopher M. Toph Eggers – Daves younger brother, whom he must finish rearing after his parents deaths, Shalini – In one part of the book Shalini falls from a building patio and must stay in the hospital until she has recovered from her coma. Dave visits her often in the hospital, when not visiting her, Dave goes to the pub to drink and check out girls. Sari Locker – A sexologist, with whom Dave fantasizes about having sex, Marny Requa – After Dave creates a magazine titled Might, Dave becomes good friends with Marny, a girl with whom he works. He sometimes imagines having sex with her, but Marny always gets Daves mind off sex, Kirsten – Daves ex-girlfriend also has a similar background. Dave and Kirsten remain friends after their relationship is over, Kirsten and Beth help Dave rear Toph, even after Kirsten and Beth move two hours away from Dave and Toph. The books primary story is Daves learning to be brother and parent to Toph. It starts out with Dave, Toph, and Beth dealing with their mother and fathers stomach, after their parents death, Dave, Toph, and Beths lives become complicated. The three children move from Illinois to California, Beth lives on her own at first, and Toph becomes Daves responsibility
A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius
–
A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius
A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius
–
The move to California sets the scene for the memoir
.jpg)
