1.
John M. Stahl
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John Malcolm Stahl was an American film director and producer. He was born Jacob Morris Strelitsky in Baku to an eastern European Jewish family, when he was a child, his family left the Russian Empire and moved to the United States, settling in New York City. At a young age, Strelitsky began working in the citys growing motion picture industry and he took the name John Malcolm Stahl and in the early 1920s, signed on with Louis B. Mayer Pictures in Hollywood. In 1924 he was part of the Mayer team that founded MGM Studios, in 1927, Stahl was one of the thirty-six founding members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. With the industrys transition to talkies and feature-length films, Stahl successfully made the adjustment, from 1927 through 1930 Stahl was an executive at the short-lived independent studio Tiffany Pictures, and renamed the company Tiffany-Stahl Productions. For Universal Pictures, he directed the 1934 film Imitation of Life, the following year, he directed Magnificent Obsession, starring Irene Dunne and Robert Taylor. John Stahl continued to produce and direct major productions as well as filler shorts up to the time of his death. Some of his notable directorial work was for The Keys of the Kingdom in 1944 and the 1945 film noir, Leave Her to Heaven starring Gene Tierney. Stahl died in Hollywood in 1950 of an attack, aged 63. He is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, on February 8,1960, for his contributions to the motion pictures industry, Stahl received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6546 Hollywood Boulevard
2.
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
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Joseph Leo Mankiewicz was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Mankiewicz had a long Hollywood career, and he won the Academy Award for both Best Director and Best Writing, Screenplay for A Letter to Three Wives and All About Eve. Joseph Mankiewicz was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, to Franz Mankiewicz and Johanna Blumenau and he had a sister, Erna Mankiewicz, and a brother, Herman J. Mankiewicz, who became a screenwriter. Herman also won an Oscar for co-writing Citizen Kane, at age four, Mankiewicz moved with his family to New York City, graduating in 1924 from Stuyvesant High School. In 1928, he obtained a degree from Columbia University. At 19, he was sent by his professor father to Berlin where he was to study German drama at the University of Berlin. Instead, Mankiewicz got work at the UFA film studio translating film intertitles from German to English, Mankiewicz worked for seventeen years as a screenwriter for Paramount and as a producer for MGM before getting a chance to direct at Twentieth Century-Fox. During his long career in Hollywood, Mankiewicz wrote forty-eight screenplays and he also produced more than twenty films including The Philadelphia Story which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1941. However, he is best known for the films he directed, in 1944, he produced The Keys of the Kingdom, which starred Gregory Peck, and featured Mankiewiczs then-wife, Rose Stradner, in a supporting role as a nun. In 1951 Mankiewicz left Fox and moved to New York, intending to write for the Broadway stage, in 1953 he directed Julius Caesar for MGM, an adaptation of Shakespeares play. The film serves as the record of Marlon Brando in a Shakespearean role, he played Mark Antony. In 1958 Mankiewicz directed The Quiet American, an adaptation of Graham Greenes 1955 novel about the seed of American military involvement in what would become the Vietnam War. A cautionary tale about Americas blind support for anti-Communists was turned into, according to Greene, Mankiewicz made more films, however, garnering an Oscar nomination for Best Direction in 1972 for Sleuth, his final directing effort, starring Laurence Olivier and Michael Caine. In 1983, he was a member of the jury at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival, the Academy Film Archive preserved his films All About Eve and Sleuth. He was the brother of Herman J. Mankiewicz. His sons are Eric Reynal, the late writer/director Tom Mankiewicz and he also has a daughter, Alex Mankiewicz. His great-nephew is radio and television personality Ben Mankiewicz, who currently can be seen on TCM and he also was the uncle of Frank Mankiewicz, a well-known political campaign manager who officially announced the death of the assassinated presidential candidate, Robert F. Kennedy, in 1968. He was not related to the similar-sounding British screenwriter, Wolf Mankowitz, Mankiewicz died of a heart attack on February 5,1993, six days before his 84th birthday
3.
The Keys of the Kingdom
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The Keys of the Kingdom is a 1941 novel by A. J. Cronin. Spanning six decades, it tells the story of Father Francis Chisholm, beset by tragedy in his youth, as a missionary Chisholm endures many years of hardship, punctuated by famine, plague and war in the Chinese province to which he is assigned. Through a life guided by compassion and tolerance, Chisholm earns the respect of the Chinese—and of fellow clergy who would mistrust him—with his kindly, high-minded, the novel has six parts, the first taking place in Scotland in 1938. Father Francis Chisholm is an old man, living with a housekeeper, due to his unconventional views, he is being investigated by Monsignor Sleeth. The second section, focuses on Chisholms youth and his father a Catholic and his mother a non-denominational Protestant. After the father is beaten by an mob, Chisholms mother tries to lead him home to safety. Initially, his kindly Aunt Polly wishes to him, but his maternal grandmother, Mrs. Glennie, intervenes and adopts him. Franciss maternal grandfather, a baker by trade, is also a preacher of his own branch of Christianity focused on universal tolerance, while his grandfather is kind, Mrs. Glennie and her son Malcolm are resentful and exploitative. Francis is forced to quit school and work in a shipyard, things take a turn for the better when Francis befriends Willie Tulloch and his family. Tullochs father is the doctor and the family are the towns free-thinkers. Willie aids Francis in his attempt to run away, when the attempt fails, Willies father contacts Aunt Polly, who takes Francis home to live with her and her daughter, Nora. Francis falls in love with Nora, but is afraid to act on it, Nora later has a child out of wedlock, and rather than marry a man she doesnt love, commits suicide. The third section focuses on Father Chisholms first two assignments and his struggles to do what he feels is right in the face of bureaucracy, tradition, Francis is shunned for doubting the girls claims but is vindicated when it is discovered that she had lied. Franciss faith is rewarded when he finds a gravely ill boy who is cured by the spring water, in the fourth section, Father Chisholm takes a position at a mission in Pai-tan, China. When he arrives, the mission is in ruins and no converts are to be found, much of this section deals with the superficial and detrimental aspects of the mission systems, which focus only on official numbers and not on improving spiritual lives. With supplies from Willie Tulloch, Father Chisholm opens a free clinic and he saves the life of a wealthy locals son, who builds him a new mission and gives him land. Willie Tulloch comes to help, and is among the last to perish from the disease and he learns that Noras daughter Judy died in childbirth, and sends money for the care of her son, Andrew. The mission is caught in a battle between two warlords and Father Chisholm is forced out of his pacifism, decades later, the warlord he worked against kidnapped Chisholm, one of his mission workers, and two Methodist missionaries
4.
A. J. Cronin
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Archibald Joseph Cronin, MBChB, MD, DPH, MRCP was a Scottish novelist and physician. His best-known novel was The Citadel, about a doctor in a Welsh mining village who quickly moves up the ladder in London. Cronin had observed this scene closely as a Medical Inspector of Mines and this book promoted controversial new ideas about medical ethics which largely inspired the launch of the National Health Service. Another popular mining novel, set in the North East of England, was The Stars Look Down, both these novels were adapted for film, as were Hatters Castle, The Keys of the Kingdom and The Green Years. His novella Country Doctor was adapted for a long-running BBC radio and TV series Dr Finlays Casebook and his paternal grandparents emigrated from County Armagh, Ireland and were glass and china merchants in Alexandria. Owen Cronin, his grandfather, had his surname changed from Cronague in 1870 and his maternal grandfather, Archibald Montgomerie, was a hatter who owned a shop in Dumbarton. After their marriage, Cronins parents moved to Helensburgh, where he attended Grant Street School, when he was seven years old, his father, an insurance agent and commercial traveler, died from tuberculosis. From an early age, he was a golfer, a sport he enjoyed throughout his life. The family later moved to Yorkhill, Glasgow, where he attended St Aloysius College in the Garnethill area of the city and he played football for the First XI there, an experience he included in one of his last novels, The Minstrel Boy. A family decision that he should study for either the church or medicine was settled by Cronin himself and he won a Carnegie scholarship to study medicine at the University of Glasgow in 1914. He was absent during the 1916–1917 session for naval service, in 1919 he graduated with highest honours, with the degree of MBChB. Later that year he made a trip to India as ships surgeon on a liner, Cronin went on to earn additional degrees, including a Diploma in Public Health and his MRCP. In 1925, he was awarded an M. D. from the University of Glasgow for his dissertation, during World War I, Cronin served as a Surgeon Sub-Lieutenant in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve before graduating from medical school. After the war, he trained at various hospitals including Bellahouston and Lightburn Hospitals in Glasgow and he undertook general practice work in a small village on the Clyde, Garelochhead, as well as in Tredegar, a mining town in South Wales. He was involved in the disaster at Ystfad Colliery in Pengelly, where miners were drowned. He subsequently moved to London, where he practised in Harley Street before opening his own thriving medical practice in Notting Hill, Cronin was also the medical officer for Whiteleys at this time and was becoming increasingly interested in ophthalmology. In 1930, after being diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. At Dalchenna Farm by Loch Fyne, he was able to indulge his lifelong desire to write a novel, having previously written nothing but prescriptions
5.
Gregory Peck
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Eldred Gregory Peck was an American actor who was one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s. Peck continued to major film roles until the late 1980s. His performance as Atticus Finch in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor and he had also been nominated for an Oscar for the same category for The Keys of the Kingdom, The Yearling, Gentlemans Agreement and Twelve OClock High. Other notable films he appeared in include Spellbound, Roman Holiday, Moby Dick, The Guns of Navarone, Cape Fear, How the West Was Won, The Omen, President Lyndon Johnson honored Peck with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 for his lifetime humanitarian efforts. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Peck among Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema and he was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1983. His father was of English and Irish heritage and his mother of English and she converted to her husbands religion, Roman Catholicism, when she married his father, and Peck was raised as a Catholic. Pecks parents divorced when he was five and he was brought up by his maternal grandmother, at the age of 10 he was sent to a Catholic military school, St. Johns Military Academy in Los Angeles. While he was a student there, his grandmother died, at 14, he moved back to San Diego to live with his father, attended San Diego High School, and after graduating enrolled for one year at San Diego State Teachers College. While there he joined the team, took his first theatre and public-speaking courses. Peck however had ambitions to be a doctor and the following year gained admission to the University of California, Berkeley, as an English major, standing 6 ft 3 in, he rowed on the university crew. Although his tuition fee was only $26 per year, Peck still struggled to pay, at Berkeley, encouraged by the acting coach, who saw in him perfect material for university theatre, Peck became more and more interested in acting. He was recruited by Edwin Duerr, director of the universitys Little Theater, Peck would later say about Berkeley that, it was a very special experience for me and three of the greatest years of my life. It woke me up and made me a human being, in 1997, Peck donated $25,000 to the Berkeley rowing crew in honor of his coach, the renowned Ky Ebright. He was often broke and sometimes slept in Central Park and he worked at the 1939 Worlds Fair and as a tour guide for NBCs television broadcasting. In 1940, Peck learned more of the craft, working in exchange for food, at the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia, appearing in five plays including Family Portrait. His stage career began in 1941 when he played the secretary in a Katharine Cornell production of George Bernard Shaws play The Doctors Dilemma, unfortunately, the play opened in San Francisco just one week before the attack on Pearl Harbor. He made his Broadway debut as the lead in Emlyn Williams The Morning Star in 1942 and his second Broadway performance that year was in The Willow and I with Edward Pawley. Twentieth Century Fox claimed he had injured his back while rowing at university, ive been trying to straighten out that story for years
6.
Thomas Mitchell (actor)
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Thomas John Mitchell was an American actor. Mitchell was the first male actor to win an Oscar, an Emmy, nominated twice for an Oscar, first for The Hurricane, he won the Best Supporting Actor award for Stagecoach, later, he would be nominated three times for an Emmy Award. He was nominated twice, in 1952 and 1953, for his role in the medical drama The Doctor, nominated again in 1955, for an appearance on a weekly anthology series, he did not win. In addition to being an actor, he was also a director, playwright, Mitchell was born to Irish immigrants in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He came from a family of journalists and civic leaders, both his father and brother were newspaper reporters, and his nephew, James P. Mitchell, later served as Dwight Eisenhowers Secretary of Labor. The younger Mitchell also became a reporter after graduating from St. Patrick High School in Elizabeth. However, Mitchell soon found that he enjoyed writing comic theatrical skits much more than chasing late-breaking scoops, in 1927 Mitchell joined The Lambs. He became an actor in 1913, at one point touring with Charles Coburns Shakespeare Company, even while playing leading roles on Broadway into the 1920s Mitchell would continue to write. One of the plays he co-authored, Little Accident, was made into a film by Hollywood. Mitchells first credited role was in the 1923 film Six Cylinder Love. Mitchells breakthrough role was as the embezzler in Frank Capras film Lost Horizon, following this performance, he was much in demand in Hollywood. That same year, he was nominated for a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for his performance in The Hurricane, over the next few years, Mitchell appeared in many significant films. Forty-three of the films in which he acted, were made in the 10-year period from 1936-1946. In 1939 alone he had key roles in Stagecoach, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Only Angels Have Wings, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, in his acceptance speech, he quipped, I didnt know I was that good. He is probably best known to audiences today for his role as sad sack Uncle Billy in Capras Christmas classic Its a Wonderful Life with James Stewart, in 1954, he starred in the television version of the radio program, Mayor of the Town. In 1955, he played Kris Kringle in The 20th Century-Fox Hour version of The Miracle on 34th Street opposite Teresa Wright, in 1959, he starred in thirty-nine episodes of the syndicated television series, Glencannon, which had aired two years earlier in the United Kingdom. In the early 1960s, Mitchell originated the stage role Columbo, later made famous on NBC and ABC television by Peter Falk, Mitchell died at age 70 from peritoneal mesothelioma in Beverly Hills, California. In 1953, Mitchell became the first person to win the crown of acting awards
7.
Vincent Price
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Vincent Leonard Price Jr. was an American actor, well known for his distinctive voice and performances in horror films. His career spanned other genres, including film noir, drama, mystery, thriller and he appeared on stage, television, radio, and more than one hundred films. He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for motion pictures, and one for television, born and raised in the Saint Louis, Missouri area, he has a star on the Saint Louis Walk of Fame. Price was an art collector and consultant, with a degree in art history and he lectured and wrote books on the subject. He was the founder of the Vincent Price Art Museum in California and he was also a noted gourmet cook. Price was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the youngest of the four children of Vincent Leonard Price, Sr. president of the National Candy Company and his grandfather, Vincent Clarence Price, invented Dr. Prices Baking Powder, the first cream of tartar-based baking powder, Price was of English descent and was a descendant of Peregrine White, the first white child born in Colonial Massachusetts, being born on the Mayflower while it was in the harbor of Massachusetts. Price had some Welsh ancestry as well, Price attended St. Louis Country Day School. In 1933, he graduated with a degree in art history from Yale University, after teaching for a year, he entered the University of London, intending to study for a masters degree in fine arts. Instead, he was drawn to the theater, first appearing on stage professionally in 1934 and his acting career began in London in 1935, performing with Orson Welless Mercury Theatre. In 1936, Price appeared as Prince Albert in the American production of Laurence Housmans play, Victoria Regina, Price started out in films as a character actor. He made his debut in 1938 with Service de Luxe and established himself in the film Laura, opposite Gene Tierney. His first venture into the genre, for which he became famous, was in the 1939 Boris Karloff film Tower of London. The following year Price portrayed the character in The Invisible Man Returns. In 1946, Price reunited with Tierney in two films, Dragonwyck and Leave Her to Heaven. There were also many villainous roles in film noir thrillers like The Web, The Long Night, Rogues Regiment and The Bribe, with Robert Taylor, Ava Gardner and his first starring role was as conman James Addison Reavis in the 1950 biopic The Baron of Arizona. He also did a comedic turn as the tycoon Burnbridge Waters, co-starring with Ronald Colman in Champagne for Caesar and he was active in radio, portraying the Robin Hood-inspired crime-fighter Simon Templar in The Saint, which ran from 1947-51. In the 1950s, Price moved into films, with a role in House of Wax
8.
Rose Stradner
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Rose Stradner was an Austrian stage and film actress. She was married to the film director Joseph L. Mankiewicz, at the age of 45, she committed suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills. Wedding at Lake Wolfgang So Ended a Great Love Hundred Days Dinner Is Served City of Anatol The Postman from Longjumeau The Last Gangster Blind Alley The Keys of the Kingdom Barton, hedy Lamarr, The Most Beautiful Woman in Film. Lion Of Hollywood, The Life And Legend Of Louis B, Rose Stradner at the Internet Movie Database Rose Stradner at Find a Grave
9.
Edmund Gwenn
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Edmund Gwenn was an English actor. He received a second Golden Globe and another Academy Award nomination for the comedy film Mister 880. As a stage actor in the West End and on Broadway, he was associated with a range of works by modern playwrights, including Bernard Shaw, John Galsworthy. After the Second World War, he lived in the United States where he had a career in Hollywood. Gwenn was born Edmund John Kellaway in Wandsworth, London and his brother was the actor Arthur Chesney and his cousin, Cecil Kellaway. Gwenn was educated at St. Olaves School and later at Kings College London and he began his acting career in the theatre in 1895, and learnt his craft as a member of Willie Edouins company, playing brash comic roles. In 1901 he married Minnie Terry, niece of the famous actress Ellen Terry, in the same year he went to Australia and acted there for three years with the J. C. Williamson company. His wife accompanied him and when Gwenn was in a production of Ben Hur that was a disastrous failure and he also appeared in plays by Granville-Barker, John Galsworthy and other contemporaries. In Barries What Every Woman Knows in the role of the over-enthusiastic James Wylie he impressed the producer Charles Frohman, in 1912 Gwenn went into management in partnership with Hilda Trevelyan. His career was interrupted by his service during the First World War. During the war Gwenns marriage broke up and was dissolved and his ex-wife remarried but remained on affectionate terms with him. Gwenn began his career in 1916. A notable early role was a recreation of his stage character Hornblower in a silent fim of The Skin Game and his debut in a talking picture was in an adaptation of Shaws How He Lied to Her Husband, made at Elstree in 1931. His final British film role, as a capitalist trying to take over a brewery in Cheer Boys Cheer is credited with being the first authentic Ealing comedy. Gwenn appeared in more than eighty films, including Pride and Prejudice, Cheers for Miss Bishop, Of Human Bondage, george Cukors Sylvia Scarlett was his first appearance in a Hollywood film, as Katharine Hepburns father. He settled in Hollywood in 1940 and became part of its British colony and he had a small role as a Cockney assassin in a Hitchcock film, Foreign Correspondent in 1940. For his Father Christmas role in Miracle on 34th Street he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and he received a second Oscar nomination for his role in Mister 880. Near the end of his career he played one of the roles in Hitchcocks The Trouble with Harry
10.
Roddy McDowall
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Roderick Andrew Anthony Jude McDowall, known as Roddy McDowall, was an English-American actor, voice artist, film director and photographer. He is best known for portraying Cornelius and Caesar in the original Planet of the Apes film series and he began his acting career as a child in England, and then in the United States, in How Green Was My Valley, My Friend Flicka and Lassie Come Home. As an adult, McDowall appeared most frequently as an actor on radio, stage, film. For portraying Augustus in the historical drama Cleopatra, he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture, other titles include The Longest Day, The Greatest Story Ever Told, Inside Daisy Clover, That Darn Cat. Bedknobs and Broomsticks, The Poseidon Adventure, Funny Lady, The Black Hole, Class of 1984, both of his parents were enthusiastic about the theatre. He and his sister, Virginia, were raised in their mothers Catholic faith. He attended St. Josephs College, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood, appearing as a child model as a baby, McDowall appeared in several British films as a boy. After winning a prize in a school play at age nine. He then appeared in films starring comedians George Formby and Will Hay and his family moved to the United States in 1940 after the outbreak of World War II. McDowall became a naturalized United States citizen on 9 December 1949 and he made his first well-known film appearance at the age of 12, playing Huw Morgan in How Green Was My Valley, where he met and became lifelong friends with Maureen OHara. The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture, and made him a household name and he starred in Lassie Come Home, a film that introduced an actress who would become another lifelong friend, Elizabeth Taylor. That same year, he appeared as Ken McLaughlin in My Friend Flicka, in 1944, exhibitors voted him the number one star of tomorrow. McDowall continued his career successfully into adulthood, by the mid-1940s, released from his studio contract, McDowall turned to the theater, taking the title role of Young Woodley in 1946 in a summer stock production in Westport, Connecticut. In 1947, he played Malcolm in Orson Welless stage production of Macbeth in Salt Lake City, Utah and he then appeared in several roles for Monogram Pictures, a low-budget studio that welcomed established stars. He performed in heavy makeup as various characters in four of the Planet of the Apes films. During one guest appearance on The Carol Burnett Show, he came onstage in his Planet of the Apes makeup, other films in which he appeared include It. The Poseidon Adventure, The Legend of Hell House, Bedknobs and Broomsticks, McDowall appeared frequently on Hollywood Squares and occasionally came up with quips himself. He played the rebel scientist Dr. Jonathan Willoway in the 1970s science fiction TV series and he had a substantial role in the miniseries version of Ray Bradburys The Martian Chronicles
11.
Cedric Hardwicke
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Sir Cedric Webster Hardwicke was an English stage and film actor whose career spanned nearly fifty years. His theatre work included performances in productions of the plays of Shakespeare and Shaw. Hardwicke was born in Lye, West Midlands, to Dr Edwin Webster Hardwicke and his wife and he attended Bridgnorth Grammar School in Shropshire, after which he intended to train as a doctor but failed to pass the necessary examinations. He turned to the theatre and trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, in 1928, he married the English actress Helena Pickard. Their son was actor Edward Hardwicke and his second marriage, which also produced one child and ended in divorce, was to Mary Scott, from 1950 to 1961. Hardwicke made his first appearance on stage at the Lyceum Theatre, London, in 1912 during the run of Frederick Melvilles melodrama The Monk and the Woman, when he took over the part of Brother John. During that year he was at Her Majestys Theatre understudying, and subsequently appeared at the Garrick Theatre in Charles Kleins play Find the Woman, in 1913 he joined Bensons Company and toured in the provinces, South Africa and Rhodesia. World War I intervened in his career, and from 1914 to 1921 he served as an officer in the Judge Advocates branch of the British Army in France and he was one of the last members of the British Expeditionary Force to leave France. Other stage successes included The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse, Antigone and A Majority of One, in 1928, while appearing with Edith Day, Paul Robeson and Alberta Hunter in the London production of Showboat, he married actress Helena Pickard. In December 1935, Hardwicke was elected Rede Lecturer to Cambridge University for 1936, in the late 1930s, he moved to the US, initially for film work. In the early 1940s he continued his career, touring. He returned to America late in 1945 and appeared with Ethel Barrymore in December in a revival of Shaws Pygmalion, in 1946, he starred opposite Katharine Cornell as King Creon in her production of Jean Anouilhs adaptation of the Greek tragedy Antigone. In 1951–52, he appeared on Broadway in Shaws Don Juan in Hell with Agnes Moorehead, Charles Boyer, hardwickes first appearance in a British film was in 1931, and from the late 1930s he was in great demand in Hollywood. He played David Livingstone opposite Spencer Tracys Henry Morton Stanley in Stanley and Livingstone in 1939, in 1940 he played Mr Jones in a screen version of Joseph Conrads novel Victory. He starred in The Ghost of Frankenstein, as the unfortunate Ludwig von Frankenstein, alongside Lon Chaney Jr. and Bela Lugosi. Hardwicke played in films as Les Misérables, King Solomons Mines, The Keys of the Kingdom, The Winslow Boy, Alfred Hitchcocks Rope. DeMilles 1956 film The Ten Commandments and he appeared in a 1956 episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents entitled Wet Saturday in which he portrayed Mr. Princey, an aristocratic gentleman who tries to cover up a murder to avoid public scandal. On 6 March 1958, he guest-starred on NBCs country variety series, The Ford Show, during the 1961–62 television season, Hardwicke starred as Professor Crayton in Gertrude Bergs sitcom Mrs. G. Goes to College, which ran for twenty-six weeks on CBS
12.
Arthur Miller (cinematographer)
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Arthur Charles Miller, A. S. C. was an American cinematographer. He was born in Roslyn, New York and he began his movie career at the age of 13. According to a 1970 interview with Leonard Maltin, he stated he went to work for a horse dealer. One day, he was returning home from delivering some horses and was sitting on a horse when a man offered him a job in motion pictures because he could ride bareback. Miller recalled, The first day we went out to a course in Brooklyn, and I rode this horse all over, got chased. He found himself working as an assistant to filmmaker Fred J. Balshofer, Miller eventually joined Pathé Frères and, although only 19 years old, became the cinematographer for the 1914 adventure serial The Perils of Pauline. In 1918, he and his brother Bill founded the Motion Picture Industry Union and he moved to Hollywood and had a lengthy tenure at Paramount from the late teens throughout the 1920s. In 1932, Miller signed a contract with Fox Film Corporation to be the cinematographer for every Shirley Temple film. He retired in 1951 for health reasons, but remained active in the industry as president of the American Society of Cinematographers and he died in Los Angeles, California, in 1970 and was interred in the Hollywood Memorial Park Cemetery. He was survived by his wife Mae, in August 1973, Mrs. Miller and Donald Crisp attended the dedication of the Arthur Miller Memorial Fountain and Arbor at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills. Arthur C. Miller at the Internet Movie Database Miller profile at the Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers
13.
20th Century Fox
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Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, the studio was formerly owned by News Corporation. 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, the studios biggest star, Will Rogers, died in a plane crash weeks after the merger. Its leading female star, Janet Gaynor, was fading in popularity and promising leading men James Dunn, at first, it was expected that the new company was originally to be called Fox-20th Century, even though 20th Century was the senior partner in the merger. However, 20th Century brought more to the bargaining table besides Schenck and Zanuck, the new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31,1935, the hyphen was dropped in 1985. Schenck became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, while Kent remained as President, Zanuck became Vice President in Charge of Production, replacing Foxs longtime production chief Winfield Sheehan. The company established a training school. The contracts included an option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have founded in 1915. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary, however, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The companys films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their credits as well as its opening fanfare. Also on the Fox payroll he found two players who he built up into the studios leading assets, Alice Faye and seven-year-old Shirley Temple, favoring popular biographies and musicals, Zanuck built Fox back to profitability. Thanks to record attendance during World War II, Fox overtook RKO, while Zanuck went off for eighteen months war service, junior partner William Goetz kept profits high by going for light entertainment. The studios—indeed the industrys—biggest star was creamy blonde Betty Grable, in 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. Together with Zanuck, who returned in 1943, they intended to make Foxs output more serious-minded. During the next few years, with pictures like The Razors Edge, Wilson, Gentlemans Agreement, The Snake Pit, Boomerang, and Pinky, Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams Leave Her to Heaven, starring Gene Tierney and they also made the 1958 film version of South Pacific
14.
China
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China, officially the Peoples Republic of China, is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the worlds most populous country, with a population of over 1.381 billion. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China and its capital is Beijing, the countrys major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a power and a major regional power within Asia. Chinas landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from forest steppes, the Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges separate China from much of South and Central Asia. The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the third and sixth longest in the world, respectively, Chinas coastline along the Pacific Ocean is 14,500 kilometers long and is bounded by the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China seas. China emerged as one of the worlds earliest civilizations in the basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia, Chinas political system was based on hereditary monarchies known as dynasties, in 1912, the Republic of China replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949, when it was defeated by the communist Peoples Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War. The Communist Party established the Peoples Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949, both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate government of all China, though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory. China had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two years, during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline. Since the introduction of reforms in 1978, China has become one of the worlds fastest-growing major economies. As of 2016, it is the worlds second-largest economy by nominal GDP, China is also the worlds largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a nuclear weapons state and has the worlds largest standing army. The PRC is a member of the United Nations, as it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U. N. Security Council in 1971. China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations, including the WTO, APEC, BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the BCIM, the English name China is first attested in Richard Edens 1555 translation of the 1516 journal of the Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa. The demonym, that is, the name for the people, Portuguese China is thought to derive from Persian Chīn, and perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit Cīna. Cīna was first used in early Hindu scripture, including the Mahābhārata, there are, however, other suggestions for the derivation of China. The official name of the state is the Peoples Republic of China. The shorter form is China Zhōngguó, from zhōng and guó and it was then applied to the area around Luoyi during the Eastern Zhou and then to Chinas Central Plain before being used as an occasional synonym for the state under the Qing
15.
River Tweed
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The River Tweed, or Tweed Water, is a river 97 miles long that flows east across the Border region in Scotland and northern England. Tweed derives its name from its association with the River Tweed, the Tweed is one of the great salmon rivers of Britain and the only river in England where an Environment Agency rod licence is not required for angling. Tweed is a British name of uncertain meaning and it flows primarily through the scenic Borders region of Scotland, and eastwards from the settlements on opposing banks of Birgham and Carham forms the historic boundary between Scotland and England. It rises in the Lowther Hills at Tweeds Well near where the Clyde, draining northwest, Annan, Tweed and Clyde rise oot the ae hillside is a saying from the Border region. East of Kelso, it becomes a section of the part of the border. Entering England, its reaches are in Northumberland, where it enters the North Sea at Berwick-upon-Tweed. The rivers valley floor is a field and the relic of a paleo-ice stream that flowed through the area during the last glaciation. Major towns through which the Tweed flows include Innerleithen, Peebles, Galashiels, Melrose, Kelso, Coldstream and Berwick-upon-Tweed, where it flows into the North Sea
16.
Missionary
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A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development. The word mission originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem, meaning act of sending or mittere, meaning to send. The word was used in light of its usage, in the Latin translation of the Bible. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology, a Christian missionary can be defined as one who is to witness across cultures. The Lausanne Congress of 1974, defined the term, related to Christian mission as, Missionaries can be found in many countries around the world. Jesus instructed the apostles to make disciples of all nations and this verse is referred to by Christian missionaries as the Great Commission and inspires missionary work. The New Testament-era missionary outreach of the Christian church from the time of St Paul expanded throughout the Roman Empire and beyond to Persia, in 596, Pope Gregory the Great sent the Gregorian Mission into England. In their turn, Christians from Ireland and from Britain became prominent in converting the inhabitants of central Europe, about the same time, missionaries such as Francis Xavier as well as other Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans, and Dominicans started moving into Asia and the Far East. The Portuguese sent missions into Africa and these are some of the most well-known missions in history. While some missions accompanied imperialism and oppression, others were relatively peaceful, contemporary Christian missionaries argue that working for justice forms a constitutive part of preaching the Gospel, and observe the principles of inculturation in their missionary work. Over time, the Vatican gradually established a church structure in the mission areas, often starting with special jurisdictions known as apostolic prefectures. The two 9th-century saints Cyril and Methodius had extensive success in central Europe. The Byzantines expanded their work in Ukraine after a mass baptism in Kiev in 988. The Serbian Orthodox Church had its origins in the conversion by Byzantine missionaries of the Serb tribes when they arrived in the Balkans in the 7th century, Orthodox missionaries also worked successfully among the Estonians from the 10th to the 12th centuries, founding the Estonian Orthodox Church. The Russian St. Nicholas of Japan took Eastern Orthodoxy to Japan in the 19th century, the Russian Orthodox Church also sent missionaries to Alaska beginning in the 18th century, including Saint Herman of Alaska, to minister to the Native Americans. Quaker publishers of truth visited Boston and other mid-17th century colonies, the Danish government began the first organized Protestant mission work through its College of Missions, established in 1714. This funded and directed Lutheran missionaries such as Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg in Tranquebar, India and he also got to know a slave from the Danish colony in the West Indies. Within thirty years, Moravian missionaries had become active on every continent, and they are famous for their selfless work, living as slaves among the slaves and together with the Native Americans, the Delaware and Cherokee Indian tribes
17.
Leonard Strong (actor)
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Leonard Clarence Strong was an American character actor specializing in playing Asian roles. He played the Thai interpreter in both Anna and the King of Siam and its musical remake The King and I, Strong also appeared in the movie Shane as homesteader Ernie Wright. Strong achieved some pop culture notoriety for his role on television as The Claw on Get Smart and he appeared in a season-five episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents The Cure written by horror writer Robert Bloch. Something gets lost in the translation when his employer wants Strong to take her to a psychiatrist 200 miles down river, the denouement comes when Strong returns alone to the shock of his employer. He says, I do what you tell me, the best headshrinkers in the world. Then, pulling his employers wifes now shrunken head out of a bag, he says, with his thumb extended, seeking a ride, and stating I believe youre going. my way. Strong is seen in one of the half-dozen, seconds-long scenes used at the start of one of the 30 DVDs in the CBS DVD five-season collection, The Twilight Zone. Blood on the Sun Back to Bataan Dangerous Millions The King of Siam Destination Gobi Shane The King and I Leonard Strong at the Internet Movie Database Latter Day Saints in film website
18.
Nun
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A nun is a member of a religious community of women, typically one living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. The term nun is applicable to Catholics, Orthodox Christians, Anglicans, Lutherans, Jains, Buddhists, Taoists, Hindus, Mother Teresas Missionaries of Charity, lives an active vocation of both prayer and service, often to the needy, ill, poor, and uneducated. All Buddhist traditions have nuns, although their status is different among Buddhist countries, fully ordained Buddhist nuns have more Patimokkha rules than the monks. The important vows are the same, however, as with monks, there is quite a lot of variation in nuns dress and social conventions between Buddhist cultures in Asia. Chinese nuns possess the full ordination, Tibetan nuns do not. In Thailand, a country never had a tradition of fully ordained nuns. However, some of them have played an important role in dhamma-practitioners community. There are in Thai Forest Tradition foremost nuns such as Mae Ji Kaew Sianglam, the founder of the Nunnery of Baan Huai Saai, who is believed by some to be enlightened as well as Upāsikā Kee Nanayon. At the beginning of the 21st century, some Buddhist women in Thailand have started to introduce the bhikkhuni sangha in their country as well, dhammananda Bhikkhuni, formerly the successful academic scholar Dr. Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, established a controversial monastery for the training of Buddhist nuns in Thailand. The relatively active roles of Taiwanese nuns were noted by some studies, researcher Charles Brewer Jones estimates that from 1952 to 1999, when the Buddhist Association of the ROC organized public ordination, female applicants have outnumbered males by about three to one. He adds, All my informants in the areas of Taipei and Sanhsia considered nuns at least as respectable as monks, in contrast, however, Shiu-kuen Tsung found in Taipei county that female clergy were viewed with some suspicion by society. She reports that while outsiders did not necessarily regard their vocation as unworthy of respect, wei-yi Cheng studied Luminary order in southern Taiwan. Based on studies of Luminary order, Cheng concluded that the order in Taiwan was still young and gave nuns more rooms of development. Gelongma ordination requires the presence of ten fully ordained people keeping exactly the same vows, because ten nuns are required to ordain a new one, the effort to establish the Dharmaguptaka bhikkhu tradition has taken a long time. It is permissible for a Tibetan nun to receive ordination from another living tradition. Based on this, Western nuns ordained in Tibetan tradition, like Thubten Chodron, the ordination of monks and nuns in Tibetan Buddhism distinguishes three stages, rabjung-ma, getshül-ma and gelong-ma. The clothes of the nuns in Tibet are basically the same as those of monks, hokke-ji in 747 was established by the consort of the Emperor. It took charge of provincial convents, performed ceremonies for the protection of the state, aristocratic Japanese women often became Buddhist nuns in the premodern period
19.
Methodism
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Methodism, or the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and Johns brother Charles Wesley were also significant leaders in the movement and it originated as a revival within the 18th century Church of England and became a separate Church after Wesleys death. Because of vigorous missionary work, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, Wesleys theology focused on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian. Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include an assurance of salvation, imparted righteousness, the possibility of perfection in love, the works of piety and the primacy of Scripture. Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all, in theology and this teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people. However, Whitefield and several others were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the latter position, Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the works of mercy. These ideals are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals, orphanages, soup kitchens and schools to follow Christs command to spread the gospel, the movement has a wide variety of forms of worship, ranging from high church to low church in liturgical usage. Denominations that descend from the British Methodist tradition are generally less ritualistic, Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition and Charles Wesley was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church. In Britain, the Methodist Church had an effect in the early decades of the making of the working class. In the United States, it became the religion of many slaves who later formed black churches in the Methodist tradition. The Methodist revival began with a group of men, including John Wesley and his younger brother Charles, the Wesley brothers founded the Holy Club at the University of Oxford, where John was a fellow and later a lecturer at Lincoln College. The club met weekly and they set about living a holy life. They were accustomed to receiving Communion every week, fasting regularly, abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury and frequently visited the sick, the fellowship were branded as Methodist by their fellow students because of the way they used rule and method to go about their religious affairs. John, who was leader of the club, took the attempted mockery, unsuccessful in their work, the brothers returned to England conscious of their lack of genuine Christian faith. They looked for help to Peter Boehler and other members of the Moravian Church, at a Moravian service in Aldersgate on 24 May 1738, John experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his heart strangely warmed. Charles had reported an experience an few days previously. Considered a pivotal moment, Daniel L. John Wesley came under the influence of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius, Arminius had rejected the Calvinist teaching that God had pre-ordained an elect number of people to eternal bliss while others perished eternally. Conversely, George Whitefield, Howell Harris, and Selina Hastings, George Whitefield, returning from his own mission in Georgia, joined the Wesley brothers in what was rapidly to become a national crusade
20.
Dennis Hoey
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Dennis Hoey was a British film and stage actor, best known for playing Inspector Lestrade in six films of Universals Sherlock Holmes series. Hoey was born Samuel David Hyams in London to Russian parents who owned a bed and he was educated at Brighton College, and he originally planned to be a teacher. He served in the British Army during World War I, after a career as a singer, which included entertaining British troops during his war service, Hoey moved to acting on the stage in 1918 and later to films. In 1931, he moved to the United States and began appearing in Hollywood films, Hoeys first film was Tell England. He is best known for playing Inspector Lestrade in six Universals Sherlock Holmes series and he also portrayed the master of Harrow in The Foxes of Harrow and appeared in Tarzan and the Leopard Woman. Hoey appeared frequently in London stage productions, including those of Sydney Carrolls Shakespearean repertory company and he played Mr. Rochester opposite Katharine Hepburn in the American production of Helen Jeromes stage adaptation of Jane Eyre. He also wrote a play called The Haven and toured in it in 1946 with Melville Cooper, Valerie Cossart and Viola Roache. Hoeys Broadway credits include Hassan, Katja, Green Waters, Virginia, Empress of Destiny, The Circle, Lorelei, The Burning Deck, Heart of a City, The Haven, on radio, Hoey played Mr. Welby in Pretty Kitty Kelly on CBS. Issue No.45 of Films of the Golden Age magazine features an interview with Hoeys son Michael A. Hoey, in his book, Elvis, Sherlock and Me, How I Survived Growing Up in Hollywood he discusses his fathers career and their sometimes turbulent relationship. Hassan, Masrur Katja, Ivo Green Waters, Ian McRuvie Jane Eyre, Mr
21.
Peggy Ann Garner
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Peggy Ann Garner was an American actress. As a child actress, Garner had her first film role in 1938 and she won the Academy Juvenile Award for her work in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. Born in Canton, Ohio, Peggy Ann Garner was the daughter of William H. Garner, an attorney and she was pushed by her mother into the limelight and entered in talent quests while still a child. Her parents divorced February 26,1947, Garner was a model for still photographers for two years before she began working in films. In 1949, Garner starred in Peg O My Heart at the Famous Artists Playhouse in Fayetteville, in 1954, she toured with a troupe in several states, performing in The Moon Is Blue. Garner headlined the tour of the William Inge hit Broadway play Bus Stop beginning in 1955. She starred opposite Albert Salmi, who became her husband. Garner also appeared opposite Dick York in the touring production, Garners Broadway credits include Home Is the Hero, First Lady, The Royal Family, and The Man. By 1938, Garner had made her first film appearance, and over the few years she appeared in several more films, including Jane Eyre. She reached the height of her success at the age of 13 in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, in the same year she showed she could handle comedy by giving a fine performance in Junior Miss. Like many child performers, Garner was unable to make a transition into adult film roles. In 1950 Garner starred as Esther Smith in the radio comedy Meet Me in St. Louis, the program ran two months on NBC. Garner was a panelist in two programs, Leave It to the Girls on ABC and NBC and Who Said That. on NBC. In 1951, she starred in a comedy, Two Girls Named Smith, in 1960 and again in 1962, she was cast in the episodes Once Around the Circuit and Build My Gallows Low, respectively, of the ABC series, Adventures in Paradise, with Gardner McKay. After Garners film career ended, she ventured into acting and had some success but also worked as a real estate agent. Her final screen performance was a part in a 1980 made-for-television feature This Years Blonde. Garner married singer/game show host Richard Hayes February 22,1951 and she married the actor Albert Salmi on May 16,1956, and they divorced on March 13,1963. Garners final marriage was to Kenyon Foster Brown, after a few years, that marriage, too, ended in divorce
22.
James Gleason
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For the politician, see James P. Gleason. Not to be confused with people named James Gleeson, James Austin Gleason was an American actor born in New York City. He was also a playwright and screenwriter, Gleason was born in New York City, the son of Mina and William L. Gleason. Coming from theatrical stock, as a schoolboy he made appearances while on holiday. He began earning his living at the age of thirteen, being a boy, printers devil, assistant in an electrical store. He enlisted in the United States Army at age 16 and served three years in the Philippines, on discharge, he began his stage career, later taking it up professionally. He played in London for two years and following his return to the United States, he began in films by writing dialogue for comedies and he wrote a number of plays, several of which were performed on Broadway. He also acted on Broadway, including in a couple of his own plays, when World War I broke out, Gleason reenlisted in the United States Army and served to the end of the war. His film debut was in Polly of the Follies, starring Constance Talmadge, balding and slender with a craggy voice and a master of the double-take, Gleason portrayed tough but warm-hearted characters, usually with a New York background. He co-wrote The Broadway Melody, the film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. He also co-wrote and briefly appeared as a hot dog vendor in the 1934 Janet Gaynor vehicle Change of Heart and he performed in a number of films with his wife Lucile. In The Clock, he played a milk cart driver who gives lessons in marriage to the characters played by Judy Garland and Robert Walker, the same year, he played the bartender in the film adaptation of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. In the Frank Capra classic Meet John Doe, he played the cynical, Gleason was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as boxing manager Max Pop Corkle in the 1941 film Here Comes Mr. Jordan. Gleason also performed in other media, in 1931, he co-starred with Robert Armstrong in the radio sitcom Gleason and Armstrong. His television credits include episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, the Reed Hadley legal drama The Public Defender. In The Child, the Christmas 1957 episode of John Paynes The Restless Gun on NBC, Gleason, dan Blocker, just launching his acting career, also guest starred in the episode. For his contributions to the picture industry, Gleason was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7038 Hollywood Boulevard. James and Lucille Gleason had a son, actor Russell Gleason, reports varied, some saying the fall was accidental, while others stating it was a suicide
23.
Anne Revere
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Anne Revere was an American stage, film, and television actress. Born in New York City, Revere was a descendant of Boston silversmith. Her father, Clinton, was a stockbroker, and she was raised on the Upper West Side and in Westfield, in 1926, she graduated from Wellesley College. Despite her unsuccessful attempts to join groups in high school and in college, she eventually was successful at Wellesley. She went on to enroll at the American Laboratory School to study acting with Maria Ouspenskaya, Revere made her Broadway debut in 1931 in The Great Barrington. Three years later, she went to Hollywood to reprise her role in the film adaptation of Double Door. Revere worked steadily as an actress in films, appearing in nearly three dozen between 1934 and 1951. She frequently was cast in the role of a matriarch and played mother to Elizabeth Taylor, Jennifer Jones, Gregory Peck, John Garfield and she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress three times and won for her performance in National Velvet. Additional screen credits included The Song of Bernadette, Gentlemans Agreement, The Keys of the Kingdom, Body and Soul, in 1951, Revere resigned from the board of the Screen Actors Guild. At the time she was an member of the American Communist Party. She later pleaded the Fifth Amendment and refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee and she would not appear again on film for the next 20 years, finally returning to the screen in Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon. She began appearing on television in 1960, notably in operas such as A Flame in the Wind, The Edge of Night, Search for Tomorrow. Revere and her husband, theatre director Samuel Rosen, moved to New York and opened an acting school, Revere died of pneumonia in her Locust Valley, New York, home at the age of 87. She was survived by one sister, Anne Revere at the Internet Broadway Database Anne Revere at the Internet Movie Database
24.
Philip Ahn
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Philip Ahn was a Korean American actor. He was the first Asian American film actor to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Ahn was born Pil Lip Ahn in Highland Park, Los Angeles, California. His parents emigrated to the United States in 1902, Ahns father, Dosan Ahn Chang-ho, was an educator and an activist for Korean independence during the colonial period. When he was in school, Ahn visited the set of the film The Thief of Bagdad. Fairbanks offered him a screen test, followed by a part in the movie, however, his mother told him, No son of mine is going to get mixed up with those awful people. Ahn graduated from school in 1923, and went to work in the rice fields around Colusa. The land was owned by the Hung Sa Dan, or Young Korean Academy, since Koreans could not own land in California, the Academy put the property in Ahns name. Unfortunately, the crops failed because of heavy rains. He went to work as an operator in Los Angeles to pay back the debt. It was not until 1934 that he could afford to attend the University of Southern California and his father told him if he really wanted to be an actor, he had to be the best actor he could and convinced him to take acting and cinematography courses. While still a student, he appeared in a production of Merrily We Roll Along. He organized visits by dignitaries, including Princess Der Ling of China, Indian journalist Chaman Lal. After completing his year, however, Ahn dropped out to act full-time. Ahns first film was A Scream in the Night in 1935 and he appeared in the Bing Crosby film Anything Goes, though director Lewis Milestone had initially rejected him because his English was too good for the part. His first credited roles came in 1936 in The General Died at Dawn and Stowaway and he starred opposite Anna May Wong in Daughter of Shanghai and King of Chinatown. During World War II, Ahn often played Japanese villains in war films, mistakenly thought to be Japanese, he received several death threats. He enlisted in the United States Army, having served in the Special Services as an entertainer and he was discharged early because of an injured ankle and returned to making films. Ahn appeared in Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing, Around the World in Eighty Days, Thoroughly Modern Millie and Paradise, Hawaiian Style and he got to play Korean characters in Korean War movies such as Battle Circus and Battle Hymn
25.
Arthur Shields
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Arthur Shields was an Irish actor on television, stage and film. Born into an Irish Protestant family in Portobello, Dublin, Shields started acting in the Abbey Theatre when he was 17 years old and he was the younger brother of Oscar-winning actor Barry Fitzgerald. They were the sons of Adolphus Shields, who was well-known in Dublin as a labor organizer although the 1901 census listed his occupation as press reader, an Irish nationalist, Shields fought in the Easter Rising of 1916. He was captured and held for six months in the Frongoch internment camp in Frongoch and his obituary in The Times of San Mateo, California, reported. Upon his release he was decorated by the Republic of Eire, Shields returned to the Abbey Theatre and had a varied career there from 1914-1939 as actor, assistant director, director and stage manager. He appeared in productions while he was there, three of the productions he appeared in were by Irish playwright Teresa Deevy The Reapers Temporal Powers. Three times he brought the Abbey Company to the United States, in 1936, John Ford brought him to the United States to act in a film version of The Plough and the Stars. Some of his roles were in Ford films. Shields portrayed the Reverend Playfair in Fords The Quiet Man, opposite John Wayne, Maureen OHara and his brother, Barry Fitzgerald. He played Dr. Laughlin in She Wore a Yellow Ribbon with Wayne and Joanne Dru and he also made television appearances including a 1958 role on Perry Mason as Dr. George Barnes in The Case of the Screaming Woman. Shields was married to actress Laurie Bailey and they had a daughter, Christine, and a son, Adam. Shields died of related to emphysema on April 27,1970, in Santa Barbara. He was survived by his wife, a daughter, a son and his body was cremated, with the ashes taken to Dublin, Ireland, where a burial with full military honors was planned
26.
Sara Allgood
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Sara Ellen Allgood was an Irish–American actress. Allgood was born at 45 Middle Abbey Street, Dublin, Ireland, on 29 November 1880, one of eight children of George, a compositor and her father was Protestant and her mother Catholic. Her sister was actress Maire ONeill, from whom she was later estranged, a brother, Tom, became a Roman Catholic priest. After her fathers death when she was a girl, her mother returned to work as a furniture trader. Allgood began work as soon as she was able, apprenticed to a french polisher near her mothers work, Allgood joined Inghinidhe na hÉireann, where she first began to study drama under the direction of Maud Gonne and William Fay. She began her career at the Abbey Theatre and was in the opening of the Irish National Theatre Society. Her first big role was in December 1904 at the opening of Lady Gregorys Spreading the News, by 1905 she was a full-time actress, touring England and North America. In 1915 Allgood was cast as the lead in Peg o My Heart which toured Australia and she married her leading man, Gerald Henson, in September 1916 in Melbourne. She gave birth to a daughter named Mary in January 1918 and her husband died of the flu in the outbreak of 1918 in November of that same year. After her return to Ireland Allgood continued to perform at the Abbey Theatre and her most memorable performance was in Seán OCaseys Juno and the Paycock in 1923. She won acclaim in London when she played Bessie Burgess in OCaseys The Plough, Allgood was frequently featured in early Hitchcock films, such as Blackmail, Juno and the Paycock, and Sabotage. She also had a significant role in Storm in a Teacup, after many successful theatre tours of America she settled in Hollywood in 1940 to pursue an acting career. Allgood was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for her role as Beth Morgan in the 1941 film How Green Was My Valley, Allgood became a United States citizen in 1945 and died of a heart attack in 1950 in Woodland Hills, California. Sara Allgood at the Internet Movie Database Sara Allgood at the Internet Broadway Database NY Public Library, Billy Rose collection, portrait gallery, accessed October 26,2015. Sara Allgood at Find a Grave
27.
Ruth Ford (actress)
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Ruth Ford was an American model and stage and film actress. Her brother was the bohemian surrealist Charles Henri Ford and their parents managed the Tennessee Hotel in Clarksville, Tennessee. As a model she posed for Harpers, Town and Country and she married actor Peter Van Eyck in the 1940s, but the marriage was unsuccessful. Van Eyck was the father of her daughter, Shelley, who was born in 1941. Prior to Fords trip west to Hollywood she was a member of Orson Welles Mercury Theatre, and appeared in his film Too Much Johnson, Welles assistance helped her to land contracts with Columbia Pictures and Warner Bros. studios. She starred in the 1976 Broadway play Poor Murderer, Ford married film star Zachary Scott and they remained together until Scotts death in 1965. Scott adopted Shelley, who took the name Shelley Scott, Zachary Scott reportedly died penniless except for a $100,000 insurance policy he left for his widow. One of the apartments had belonged to her brother Charles, who predeceased her and she bequeathed the apartments to her cook/butler, Indra Tamang, a Nepalese-American whom Charles Henri Ford had brought to New York. Fords daughter and grandchildren were reportedly disinherited, oh, Errol Flynn, Ive never had the yen. Dont know him well but believe Dorothy Parker, a friend of mine, summed it up well when she said. My favorite actor of course is Orson Welles, hes wonderful, magnificent, a darling, and I adore him. Hes just as nice as he can be and looks just the same all the time, shes just as beautiful and natural off the screen as she is on and is admired by everyone. But one of the nicest people in Hollywood is William Faulkner, who I had known in Mississippi when I was getting my Masters Degree in Philosophy at the University there
28.
Richard Loo
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Richard Loo was a third generation Chinese-American film actor who was one of the most familiar Asian character actors in American films of the 1930s and 1940s. A prolific actor, he appeared in over 120 films between 1931 and 1982, Chinese by ancestry and Hawaiian by birth, Loo spent his youth in Hawaii, then moved to California as a teenager. He graduated from the University of California at Berkeley and began a career in business, however, the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent economic depression forced him to start over. He became involved with amateur, then professional, theater companies, like most Asian actors in non-Asian countries, he played primarily small, stereotypical roles, though he rose quickly to familiarity, if not fame, in a number of films. Loo was most often typecast as the Japanese enemy pilot, spy or interrogator during the Second World War, according to his daughter, Beverly Jane Loo, he didnt mind being typecast as a villain in these movies as he felt very patriotic about playing those parts. In 1944 he appeared as a Chinese army lieutenant opposite Gregory Peck in The Keys of the Kingdom, in 1974, he appeared as the Thai billionaire tycoon Hai Fat in the James Bond film, The Man with the Golden Gun, opposite Roger Moore and Christopher Lee. Loo was also a teacher of Shaolin monks in three episodes of the 1972–75 hit TV series Kung Fu and made a further three appearances as a different character. His last acting appearance was in The Incredible Hulk TV series in 1981 and he died of a cerebral hemorrhage on November 20,1983. His first wife, Bessie Loo, was a well-known Hollywood agent and they had twin daughters, Beverly Loo was prominent in publishing while Angela Loo Levy was a Hollywood agent and accomplished ski patroller. He remained with his wife, Hope, until his death. His step-daughter, Christel Hope Mintz, was an analyst with Shell Oil Company for 32 years, richard Loo at the Internet Movie Database
29.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE was an English film director and producer, at times referred to as The Master of Suspense. He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres and he had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as Englands best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939, and became a US citizen in 1955 and he also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style. Hitchcocks stylistic trademarks include the use of movement that mimics a persons gaze. In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy and his work often features fugitives on the run alongside icy blonde female characters. Prior to 1980, there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film, Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours. Hitchcock directed more than fifty films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else, Hitchcocks first thriller, The Lodger, A Story of the London Fog, helped shape the thriller genre in film. His 1929 film, Blackmail, is cited as the first British sound feature film, while Rear Window, Vertigo, North by Northwest. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone and he was the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock, a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock. He was named after his fathers brother, Hitchcock was raised as a Roman Catholic, and sent to Salesian College, Battersea, and the Jesuit grammar school St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry and he often described a lonely and sheltered childhood that was worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock recalled that to him for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifelong fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment, sources vary on Hitchcocks performance in school. Gene Adair reports that by most accounts, Alfred was only an average, or slightly above-average, however, McGilligan writes that Hitchcock certainly excelled academically. When Hitchcock was 15, his father died, in that same year, he left St. Ignatius to study at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar, London. After leaving, he became a draftsman and advertising designer with a company called Henleys. Hitchcock joined a regiment of the Royal Engineers in 1917
30.
Spencer Tracy
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Spencer Bonaventure Tracy was an American actor, noted for his natural style and versatility. One of the stars of Hollywoods Golden Age, Tracy was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor. Tracy first discovered his talent for acting while attending Ripon College and he spent seven years in the theatre, working in a succession of stock companies and intermittently on Broadway. Tracys breakthrough came in 1930, when his performance in The Last Mile caught the attention of Hollywood. After a successful debut in Up the River, Tracy was signed to a contract with Fox Film Corporation. His five years with Fox were unremarkable, and he remained unknown to audiences after 25 films. In 1935 Tracy joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, at the time Hollywoods most prestigious studio and his career flourished with a series of hit films, and in 1937 and 1938 he won consecutive Oscars for Captains Courageous and Boys Town. By the 1940s, Tracy was one of the top stars. In 1942 he appeared with Katharine Hepburn in Woman of the Year, Tracy left MGM in 1955 and continued to work regularly as a freelance star, despite an increasing weariness as he aged. His personal life was troubled, with a struggle against alcoholism. Tracy became estranged from his wife in the 1930s, but never divorced, towards the end of his life, Tracy worked almost exclusively for director Stanley Kramer. It was for Kramer that he made his last film, Guess Whos Coming to Dinner in 1967, during his career, Tracy appeared in 75 films and developed a reputation among his peers as one of the screens greatest actors. In 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Tracy as the 9th greatest male star of Classic Hollywood Cinema, Tracy was born on April 5,1900, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was the son of Caroline and John Edward Tracy. His mother was a Presbyterian from a wealthy Midwestern family, and his one brother, Carroll, was four years older. Spencer was a difficult and hyperactive child with poor school attendance, raised as a Catholic, at nine years old he was placed in the care of Dominican nuns in the hope of transforming his behavior. Later in life he remarked, I never would have back to school if there had been any other way of learning to read the subtitles in the movies. He became fascinated with motion pictures, watching the same ones repeatedly and then re-enacting scenes to his friends, Tracy attended several Jesuit academies in his teenage years, which he claimed took the badness out of him and helped him improve his grades
31.
Orson Welles
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George Orson Welles was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film. In 1937 he and John Houseman founded the Mercury Theatre, an independent repertory company that presented a series of productions on Broadway through 1941. It reportedly caused widespread panic when listeners thought that an invasion by extraterrestrial beings was actually occurring, although some contemporary sources claim these reports of panic were mostly false and overstated, they rocketed Welles to notoriety. His first film was Citizen Kane, which he co-wrote, produced, directed, Welles was an outsider to the studio system and directed only 13 full-length films in his career. He has been praised as the ultimate auteur, Welles followed up Citizen Kane with critically acclaimed films including The Magnificent Ambersons in 1942 and Touch of Evil in 1958. Although these three are his most acclaimed films, critics have argued other works of his, such as The Lady from Shanghai and Chimes at Midnight, are underappreciated. Known for his voice, Welles was an actor in radio and film, a Shakespearean stage actor. George Orson Welles was born May 6,1915, in Kenosha, Wisconsin, son of Richard Head Welles and he was named after his paternal great-grandfather, influential Kenosha attorney Orson S. Head, and his brother George Head. Despite his familys affluence, Welles encountered hardship in childhood and his parents separated and moved to Chicago in 1919. His father, who made a fortune as the inventor of a bicycle lamp, became an alcoholic. Beatrice died of hepatitis in a Chicago hospital May 10,1924, the Gordon String Quartet, which had made its first appearance at her home in 1921, played at Beatrices funeral. After his mothers death Welles ceased pursuing music and it was decided that he would spend the summer with the Watson family at a private art colony in Wyoming, New York, established by Lydia Avery Coonley Ward. There he played and became friends with the children of the Aga Khan, Welles briefly attended public school before his alcoholic father left business altogether and took him along on his travels to Jamaica and the Far East. When they returned they settled in a hotel in Grand Detour, Illinois, when the hotel burned down, Welles and his father took to the road again. During the three years that Orson lived with his father, some observers wondered who took care of whom, in some ways, he was never really a young boy, you know, said Roger Hill, who became Welless teacher and lifelong friend. Welles briefly attended school in Madison, Wisconsin, enrolled in the fourth grade. At Todd School, Welles came under the influence of Roger Hill, Hill provided Welles with an ad hoc educational environment that proved invaluable to his creative experience, allowing Welles to concentrate on subjects that interested him. Welles performed and staged theatrical experiments and productions there, Todd provided Welles with many valuable experiences, wrote critic Richard France
32.
Edward G. Robinson
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Edward G. Robinson was a Romanian-born American actor. A popular star on stage and screen during Hollywoods Golden Age, he appeared in 40 Broadway plays and he is best remembered for his tough-guy roles as a gangster, such as his star-making film Little Caesar and Key Largo. During the 1930s and 1940s, he was a public critic of fascism and Nazism. His activism included contributing over $250,000 to more than 850 organizations involved in war relief, along with cultural, educational, during the 1950s, he was called to testify at the House Un-American Activities Committee during the Red Scare, but was cleared of any Communist involvement. Robinson received an Honorary Academy Award for his work in the film industry and he is ranked #24 in the American Film Institutes list of the 25 greatest male stars of Classic American cinema. Robinson was born as Emanuel Goldenberg to a Yiddish-speaking Romanian Jewish family in Bucharest, the son of Sarah and Morris Goldenberg, after one of his brothers was attacked by an antisemitic mob, the family decided to emigrate to the United States. Robinson arrived in New York City on February 14,1903, at Ellis Island I was born again, he wrote. Life for me began when I was 10 years old, an interest in acting and performing in front of people led to him winning an American Academy of Dramatic Arts scholarship, after which he changed his name to Edward G. Robinson. He served in the US Navy during World War I, but was never sent overseas and he began his acting career in the Yiddish Theater District in 1913 and made his Broadway debut in 1915. In 1923 made his debut as E. G. Robinson in the silent film. He played a gangster in the 1927 Broadway police/crime drama The Racket. Robinson went on to make a total of 101 films in his 50-year career. In 1939, at the time World War II broke out in Europe, he played an FBI agent in Confessions of a Nazi Spy, the first American film which showed Nazism as a threat to the United States. He volunteered for service in June 1942 but was disqualified due to his age at 48, although he became an active. The following year he played Paul Ehrlich in Dr. Ehrlichs Magic Bullet and Paul Julius Reuter in A Dispatch from Reuters and his career rehabilitation received a boost in 1954, when noted anti-communist director Cecil B. DeMille cast him as the traitorous Dathan in The Ten Commandments, the film was released in 1956, as was his psychological thriller Nightmare. As it turned out, Robinson died only days later. He had been notified of the honor, but died two months before the ceremony, so the award was accepted by his widow, Jane Robinson
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Gene Kelly
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Eugene Curran Gene Kelly was an American dancer, actor, singer, film director, producer and choreographer. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his looks. Best known today for his performances in such as An American in Paris, Anchors Aweigh. He starred in musical films throughout the 1940s, including For Me and My Gal, Du Barry Was a Lady, Thousands Cheer, The Three Musketeers. In his later career, he starred in two films outside the genre, Inherit the Wind and What a Way to Go. Throughout his career, he directed films, most notably the 1969 film Hello. His many innovations transformed the Hollywood musical and he is credited with almost single-handedly making the ballet form commercially acceptable to film audiences, Kelly received an Academy Honorary Award in 1952 for his career achievements. He later received lifetime achievement awards in the Kennedy Center Honors, in 1999, the American Film Institute also numbered him 15th in their Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema list. Kelly was born in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh and he was the third son of James Patrick Joseph Kelly, a phonograph salesman, and his wife Harriet Catherine Curran. His father was born in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, to an Irish-Canadian family and his maternal grandfather was an immigrant from Derry, Ireland, and his maternal grandmother was of German ancestry. When he was eight, Kellys mother enrolled him and his brother James in dance classes and they both rebelled, as recalled by Kelly, We didnt like it much and were continually involved in fistfights with the neighborhood boys who called us sissies. I didnt dance again until I was fifteen, at one time his childhood dream was to play shortstop for the hometown Pittsburgh Pirates. By the time he decided to dance, he was an accomplished sportsman and he attended St. Raphael Elementary School in the Morningside neighborhood of Pittsburgh and graduated from Peabody High School at age sixteen. He entered Pennsylvania State College as a major, but the 1929 crash forced him to work to help his family. He created dance routines with his younger brother Fred to earn money in local talent contests. They also performed in local nightclubs, in 1931, Kelly enrolled at the University of Pittsburgh to study economics, joining the Phi Kappa Theta fraternity. He became involved in the universitys Cap and Gown Club, which staged original musical productions, after graduating in 1933, he continued to be active with the Cap and Gown Club, serving as the director from 1934 to 1938. Kelly was admitted to the University of Pittsburgh Law School and his family opened a dance studio in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh
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Henry Fonda
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Henry Jaynes Fonda was an American film and stage actor with a career spanning more than five decades. Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor and he also appeared in 1938 in plays performed in White Plains, New York, with Joan Tompkins. Throughout six decades in Hollywood, Fonda cultivated a strong, appealing screen image in such classics as The Ox-Bow Incident, Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity. His family and close friends called him Hank, in 1999, he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute. Fondas ancestors from Genoa, Italy, migrated to the Netherlands in the 15th century, in 1642, a branch of the Fonda family immigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland on the East Coast of North America. They were among the first Dutch population to settle in what is now upstate New York, establishing the town of Fonda, by 1888, many of their descendants had relocated to Nebraska. Henry Fonda was born in Grand Island, Nebraska, to advertising-printing jobber William Brace Fonda, Fonda was brought up as a Christian Scientist, though he was baptized an Episcopalian at St. Stephens Episcopal Church in Grand Island. He said, My whole damn family was nice and they were a close family and highly supportive, especially in health matters, as they avoided doctors due to their religion. Despite having a background, he later became an agnostic. Fonda was a bashful, short boy who tended to avoid girls, except his sisters, and was a skater, swimmer. He worked part-time in his fathers print plant and imagined a career as a journalist. Later, he worked after school for the phone company, Fonda was active in the Boy Scouts of America, Teichmann reports that he reached the rank of Eagle Scout. When he was about 14, his father took him to observe the lynching of a black man accused of rape. This enraged the young Fonda and he kept a keen awareness of prejudice for the rest of his life, by his senior year in high school, Fonda had grown to more than six feet tall, but remained shy. He attended the University of Minnesota, where he majored in journalism and he took a job with the Retail Credit Company. He was fascinated by the stage, learning everything from set construction to stage production, Fonda decided to quit his job and go East in 1928 to seek his fortune. He arrived on Cape Cod and played a role at the Cape Playhouse in Dennis. A friend took him to Falmouth, MA where he joined and quickly became a member of the University Players
35.
Ingrid Bergman
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Ingrid Bergman was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and the Tony Award for Best Actress. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in Casablanca and as Alicia Huberman in Notorious, before becoming a star in American films, Bergman had been a leading actress in Swedish films. Her introduction to American audiences came with her role in the English-language remake of Intermezzo. Selznicks financial problems meant that Bergman was often loaned to other studios, apart from Casablanca, her performances from this period include Victor Flemings remake of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Gaslight, and The Bells of St. Marys. Her last films for Selznick were Alfred Hitchcocks Spellbound and Notorious and her final film for Hitchcock was Under Capricorn. After a decade in American films, she starred in Roberto Rossellinis Stromboli, many of her personal and film documents can be seen in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives. According to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Bergman quickly became the ideal of American womanhood, in 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Bergman as the fourth-greatest female screen legend of classic American cinema. Bergman, named after Princess Ingrid of Sweden, was born on 29 August 1915 in Stockholm, to a Swedish father, Justus Bergman, when she was two years old, her mother died. Her father, who was an artist and photographer, died when she was 13, in the years before he died, he wanted her to become an opera star, and had her take voice lessons for three years. But she always knew from the beginning that she wanted to be an actress, sometimes wearing her mothers clothes and her father documented all her birthdays with a borrowed camera. After his death, she was sent to live with an aunt and she then moved in with her Aunt Hulda and Uncle Otto, who had five children. Another aunt she visited, Elsa Adler, first told Ingrid, when she was 11, that her mother may have had some Jewish blood, but her aunt also cautioned her about telling others about her possible ancestry as there might be some difficult times coming. Biographer Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm, however, notes that the claim of Jewish blood was likely an embellishment, after being forced to do an in-depth genealogical investigation, Bergmans maternal cousin found there to be no Jewish ancestry on Bergmans mothers side. Later, she received a scholarship to the state-sponsored Royal Dramatic Theatre School, after several months she was given a part in a new play, Ett Brott, written by Sigfrid Siwertz. Chandler notes that this was totally against procedure at the school, during her first summer break, she was also hired by a Swedish film studio, which led to her leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre after just one year, to work in films full-time. Her first film role after leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre was a part in 1935s Munkbrogreven. She went on to act in a films in Sweden, including En kvinnas ansikte, which was later remade as A Womans Face with Joan Crawford
36.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
37.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
