1.
Glasgow
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Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and third largest in the United Kingdom. Historically part of Lanarkshire, it is now one of the 32 council areas of Scotland and it is situated on the River Clyde in the countrys West Central Lowlands. Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians, Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Britain. From the 18th century the city grew as one of Great Britains main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America. Glasgow was the Second City of the British Empire for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries Glasgow grew in population, reaching a peak of 1,128,473 in 1939. The entire region surrounding the conurbation covers about 2.3 million people, at the 2011 census, Glasgow had a population density of 8, 790/sq mi, the highest of any Scottish city. Glasgow hosted the 2014 Commonwealth Games and is well known in the sporting world for the football rivalry of the Old Firm between Celtic and Rangers. Glasgow is also known for Glasgow patter, a dialect that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city. Glasgow is the form of the ancient Cumbric name Glas Cau. Possibly referring to the area of Molendinar Burn where Glasgow Cathedral now stands, the later Gaelic name Baile Glas Chu, town of the grey dog, is purely a folk-etymology. The present site of Glasgow has been settled since prehistoric times, it is for settlement, being the furthest downstream fording point of the River Clyde, the origins of Glasgow as an established city derive ultimately from its medieval position as Scotlands second largest bishopric. Glasgow increased in importance during the 10th and 11th centuries as the site of this bishopric, reorganised by King David I of Scotland and John, there had been an earlier religious site established by Saint Mungo in the 6th century. The bishopric became one of the largest and wealthiest in the Kingdom of Scotland, bringing wealth, sometime between 1189 and 1195 this status was supplemented by an annual fair, which survives as the Glasgow Fair. Glasgow grew over the following centuries, the first bridge over the River Clyde at Glasgow was recorded from around 1285, giving its name to the Briggait area of the city, forming the main North-South route over the river via Glasgow Cross. The founding of the University of Glasgow in 1451 and elevation of the bishopric to become the Archdiocese of Glasgow in 1492 increased the towns religious and educational status and landed wealth. Its early trade was in agriculture, brewing and fishing, with cured salmon and herring being exported to Europe, Glasgow was subsequently raised to the status of Royal Burgh in 1611. The citys Tobacco Lords created a water port at Port Glasgow on the Firth of Clyde. By the late 18th century more than half of the British tobacco trade was concentrated on Glasgows River Clyde, at the time, Glasgow held a commercial importance as the city participated in the trade of sugar, tobacco and later cotton
2.
Scotland
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Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles, the Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles, the legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. Glasgow, Scotlands largest city, was one of the worlds leading industrial cities. Other major urban areas are Aberdeen and Dundee, Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third-largest city in Scotland, the title of Europes oil capital, following a referendum in 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. Scotland is represented in the UK Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs, Scotland is also a member nation of the British–Irish Council, and the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Scotland comes from Scoti, the Latin name for the Gaels, the Late Latin word Scotia was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to Scotland north of the River Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, the use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. Repeated glaciations, which covered the land mass of modern Scotland. It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, the groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period and it contains the remains of an early Bronze Age ruler laid out on white quartz pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves, in the winter of 1850, a severe storm hit Scotland, causing widespread damage and over 200 deaths. In the Bay of Skaill, the storm stripped the earth from a large irregular knoll, when the storm cleared, local villagers found the outline of a village, consisting of a number of small houses without roofs. William Watt of Skaill, the laird, began an amateur excavation of the site, but after uncovering four houses
3.
Glasgow Herald
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The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The newspaper was founded by an Edinburgh-born printer called John Mennons in January 1783 as a publication called the Glasgow Advertiser. Mennons first edition had a scoop, news of the treaties of Versailles. War had ended with the American colonies, he revealed, the Herald, therefore, is as old as the United States of America, give or take an hour or two. The story was, however, only carried on the back page, Mennons, using the larger of two fonts available to him, put it in the space reserved for late news. In 1802, Mennons sold the newspaper to Benjamin Mathie and Dr James McNayr, former owner of the Glasgow Courier, along with the Mercury, was one of two papers Mennons had come to Glasgow to challenge. Mennons son Thomas retained an interest in the company, the new owners changed the name to The Herald and Advertiser and Commercial Chronicle in 1803. In 1805 the name changed again, time to The Glasgow Herald when Thomas Mennons severed his ties to the paper, from 1836 to 1964 The Herald was owned by George Outram & Co. becoming the first daily newspaper in Scotland in 1858. The company took its name from the editor of 19 years, George Outram. Outram was an early Scottish nationalist, a member of the National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights, any man calling himself a Scotsman should enrol in the National Association, said The Herald. In 1895, the moved to a building in Mitchell Street designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh. In 1980, the moved to offices in Albion Street in Glasgow into the former Scottish Daily Express building. It is now based at in a building in Renfield Street. One of the most traumatic episodes in the history of The Herald was the battle for control, millionaires Hugh Fraser and Roy Thomson, whose newspaper empire included The Heralds archrival, The Scotsman, fought for control of the title for 52 days. Sir Hugh Fraser was to win, the papers then editor James Holburn was a disapproving onlooker The Labour Party condemned the battle as big business at its worst. The newspaper changed its name to The Herald on 3 February 1992, dropping Glasgow from its title and that same year the title was bought by Caledonia Newspaper Publishing & Glasgow. In 1996 was purchased by Scottish Television, as of 2013 the newspaper along with its related publications, the Evening Times and Sunday Herald, were owned by the Newsquest media group
4.
Clydesdale Bank
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Clydesdale Bank plc is a commercial bank in Scotland. Formed in Glasgow in 1838, it is the smallest of the three Scottish banks, independent until it was purchased by Midland Bank in 1920, it formed part of the National Australia Bank Group between 1987 and 2016. Clydesdale Bank was divested from National Australia Bank in early 2016 and its holding company CYBG plc, trades on the London, CYBG plcs other banking business, Yorkshire Bank operates as a trading division of Clydesdale Bank plc under its banking licence. As with the two other Scottish banks, the Bank of Scotland and the Royal Bank of Scotland, Clydesdale Bank retains the right to issue its own banknotes, in March 1838, an advertisement appeared for a new joint stock banking company in Glasgow, the Clydesdale Banking Company. It was to be chiefly a local bank – having few branches –, the Bank duly opened for business in both cities in May 1838. Checkland described the Bank as the creation of a group of Glasgow businessmen of middling order, liberal radicals…who were active in the government and charities of the city. The driving figure behind the formation of the Bank was James Lumsden, a stationer by business, another member of the founding committee, Henry Brock, became the Banks first manager. Brock came of a merchant family, was an accountant and one of the founders of the Glasgow Savings Bank and these were supplemented by the acquisition of the Greenock Union Bank, formed in 1840, it had four branches in the Glasgow hinterland. Following the purchase of the Greenock Union, there was change in the structure of the Bank. In that year, Clydesdale became the first Scottish bank to produce a balance sheet. Clydesdale gained not only customers but 13 branches from the Western, a few months later came the acquisition of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Bank, which had been weakened by the same economic disturbances. Five years later, in 1863, Clydesdale acquired the more successful Eastern Bank of Scotland, like Clydesdale, based in Dundee it was to have two separate offices and boards, one in Dundee, the other Edinburgh. Before opening for business it acquired the Dundee Commercial Bank to serve as its Dundee office, much of the growth in the Banks network had come from acquisitions and the management remained cautious regarding direct branch expansion. However, in 1865, a committee was formed to look at prospects and 16 branches were opened in two years, indeed, Clydesdale was one of the last Scottish banks to acquire a London office. In 1878, the City of Glasgow Bank failed for the time, leading again to an increase in Clydesdales deposits. The scale of the led to further debate on desirability of limited liability and, following legislation in 1879. Reid described the period 1890–1914 as the years, but that did not preclude steady expansion of the branch network – from 92 to 153. That was to mark the end of Clydesdales independent existence, in 1917 the Bank was approached by London City and Midland and, although initially resisted, Clydesdale Bank was sold in 1920
5.
Holmwood House
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Holmwood House is the finest and most elaborate residential villa designed by the Scottish architect Alexander Greek Thomson. It is also rare in retaining much of its interior decor. The villa is located at 61-63 Netherlee Road, Cathcart in the suburbs of Glasgow. Holmwood was constructed for James Couper, a manufacturer in 1857-1858. Couper owned the Millholm paper mill in the valley of the White Water of Cart immediately below the villa, the principal rooms of Holmwood were orientated towards the view of Cathcart Castle. The most notable survival is in the room which has a frieze of panels enlarged from John Flaxmans illustrations of Homers Iliad. The sculpture on the hall chimneypiece was by George Mossman, Holmwood was altered in the 1920s by the owner, James Gray. After World War II it was purchased by a vet, James McElhone and his family, wife Betty and children, Rosemary, James, Helen. Holmwood was then sold to the Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions who obliterated much of the decoration with plain paint. The gardeners cottage was demolished in the 1970s, the grounds, the nuns put the property on the market in the early 1990s, and there was a danger that the grounds would be developed for housing, destroying the setting of the villa. Following an appeal, Holmwood was acquired by the National Trust for Scotland in 1994 with the support of £1. 5million from the National Heritage Memorial Fund and it was restored by Page and Park architects in 1997-1998. Their work included undoing the 1920s alterations and rebuilding the connecting wall, patrick Baty carried out the paint analysis. The obverse side carried a portrait of Thomson, a second Holmwood was constructed in 1885 for the wealthy mining magnate, benefactor and politician, William Austin Horn, at North Walkerville, Adelaide. This published work also included other Thomson designs, including his Romanesque Craig Ailey Villa at Cove on the Firth of Clyde, although Holmwood was based on Thomsons designs and closely resembles Holmwood House, modifications were made to the internal design making the room layouts significantly different. Another property named Holmwood House is near Richmond Park in London, Alexander Thomsons Holmwood House Features renderings and photographs of Holmwood House
6.
Alexander Thomson
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Alexander Greek Thomson was an eminent Scottish architect and architectural theorist who was a pioneer in sustainable building. Although his work was published in the press of his day. It has only been since the 1950s and 1960s that his reputation has revived—not least of all in connection with his probable influence on Frank Lloyd Wright. Henry-Russell Hitchcock wrote of Thomson in 1966, “Glasgow in the last 150 years has had two of the greatest architects of the Western world. C. R. Mackintosh was not highly productive but his influence in central Europe was comparable to such American architects as Louis Sullivan, the son of John Thomson, a bookkeeper, and Elizabeth Cooper Thomson, he was the ninth of twelve children. His father, who already had eight children from his previous marriage. The remaining children moved with one of the brothers, William, a teacher. The Thomson boys all worked from an age, but the children were also home schooled. Alexander was eventually apprenticed to Glasgow architect Robert Foote, ultimately gaining a place in the office of John Baird as a draughtsman. In 1848 Thomson set up his own practice, Baird & Thomson, with John Baird II, who became his brother-in-law, and this firm lasted nine years. In 1857, as the rising star of Glasgow, he entered into practice with his brother George where he was to enjoy the most productive years of his life. He served as president of both the Glasgow Architectural Society and the Glasgow Institute of Architects, Thomson was an elder of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and his deep religious convictions informed his work. There is a suggestion that he closely identified Solomon’s temple with the raised basilica of the same form of his three major churches. He produced a range of structures including villas, a castle, urbane terraces, commercial warehouses, tenements. Of these, Caledonia Road Free Church, Queens Park United Presbyterian Church, and St Vincent Street Church, Hitchcock once stated, “ three of the finest Romantic Classical churches in the world”. Thomson developed his own idiosyncratic style from Greek, Egyptian and Levantine sources. At the age of 34, Thomson designed his first and only castle, Craigrownie Castle, the six-storey structure is Scots Baronial in style, featuring a central tower with battlements, steep gables and oriel windows, in addition to a chapel and a mews cottage. Thomsons villa designs were realized at Langside, Pollokshields, Helensburgh, Cove, the Clyde Estuary and his mature villas are Grecian in style while resembling no other Greek Revival houses
7.
Culture in Glasgow
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In 2009 Glasgow was awarded the title UNESCO Creative City of Music in recognition of its vibrant live music scene and its distinguished heritage. Glasgow has three universities, each involved in creative and literary arts, and the city has the largest public reference library in Europe in the form of the Mitchell Library. Scotlands largest newspapers and national television and radio companies are based in the city, the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum houses renowned art work and paintings including many old masters, Dutch, Italian, French Impressionists, etc. and the Scottish Colourists, and Glasgow Boys. The Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, of the University of Glasgow, has what is considered to be the best collection of Whistler paintings in the world. The Burrell Collection of international art and antiquities donated to the city by Sir William Burrell is housed in a museum in the Pollok Country Park. The Peoples Palace museum in Glasgow Green reflects the history of the city and its people, the Riverside Museum on the Clyde focuses on shipping, transport and city life. Glasgow School of Art designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh continues its pre-eminence in art, design and architecture, the Gallery of Modern Art is on Royal Exchange Square, just off George Square. The National Piping Centre is a teaching centre. The city also has a longstanding and lively music scene based around venues such as the SECC. Glasgow is the first city in Britain to be awarded the UNESCO City of Music accolade, Glasgow also has major cinema complexes in the city centre and at locations on the Clyde and at out of town shopping centres. Glasgow City Council manages a number of these. - August World Pipe Band Championships - August Merchant City Festival - September Glasgay, the city was host to the three Great Exhibitions at Kelvingrove Park, in 1888,1901 and 1911. It later hosted the Empire Exhibition in 1938 and the Industrial exhibits of the Festival of Britain at the Kelvin Hall in 1951, the city hosted the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Glasgow was awarded the title UNESCO City of Music in recognition of its music scene. Glasgow has many live music pubs, clubs and venues, more recent mid-sized venues include ABC, Stereo, The Old Hairdressers and the Carling Academy, which play host to a similar range of acts. Numerous small venues, cafes and bars play host to the smaller local. Glasgow is also home to an electronic music scene, with a particularly strong reputation for techno. The city also boasts a flourishing music scene, and plays home to such luminaries as Alex Neilson
8.
Gallery of Modern Art
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The Gallery of Modern Art is the main gallery of contemporary art in Glasgow, Scotland. GoMA offers a programme of exhibitions and workshops. GoMA displays work by local and international artists as well as addressing contemporary issues through its major biannual projects. Opened in 1996, the Gallery of Modern Art is housed in a building in Royal Exchange Square in the heart of Glasgow city center. It was bought in 1817 by the Royal Bank of Scotland who later moved onto Buchanan Street, in 1954, Glasgow District Libraries moved the Stirlings Library into the building. When the library returned to Miller Street, the building was refurbished to house the citys art collection. Since its opening in 1996, the gallery has hosted several million visitors and it has a dedicated Education and Access studio, facilitating workshops and artists talks and in the basement a Learning Library. The building also contains a café, free Internet access terminals, multimedia, art, exhibits include works by David Hockney, Sebastiao Salgado, and Andy Warhol as well as Scottish artists such as John Bellany and Ken Currie. The mirrored pediment on the exterior of the building is by artist Niki de Saint Phalle, Saint Phalle also installed the mirrored vestibule to the gallery. In front of the gallery, on the Queen Street pavement, the statue usually has a traffic cone on its head, for many years the authorities regularly removed cones, only for them to be replaced. The jauntily placed cone has come to represent, particularly in tourist guidebooks, around the time of the Independence Referendum, a saltire was attached to the cone. The cone was painted gold during the 2012 Olympic games as a celebration of the haul of gold medals won by Team GB. Culture in Glasgow Glasgow Art Museum website Historic Glasgow Architecture Photographs of the Gallery of Modern Art in Glasgow
9.
Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum
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The Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum is a museum and art gallery in Glasgow, Scotland. It reopened in 2006 after a refurbishment and since then has been one of Scotlands most popular visitor attractions. The gallery is located on Argyle Street, in the West End of the city and it is adjacent to Kelvingrove Park and is situated near the main campus of the University of Glasgow on Gilmorehill. The construction of Kelvingrove was partly financed by the proceeds of the 1888 International Exhibition held in Kelvingrove Park, the gallery was designed by Sir John W. Simpson and E. J. Milner Allen and opened in 1901, as the Palace of Fine Arts for the Glasgow International Exhibition held in that year, the centrepiece of the Centre Hall is a concert pipe organ constructed and installed by Lewis & Co. The organ was commissioned as part of the Glasgow International Exhibition. The organ was installed in the hall of the exhibition. The Centre Hall of the newly completed Art Gallery and Museum was intended from the beginning to be a space in which to hold concerts. When the 1901 exhibition ended, a Councillor urged the Glasgow Corporation to purchase the organ, stating that without it, purchase price and installation costs were met from the surplus exhibition proceeds, and the organ was installed in the Centre Hall by Lewis and Co. The present case front in walnut with non-functional display pipes was commissioned at this time from John W. Simpson, Simpson was the senior partner of Simpson & Milner Allen, architects of the gallery building. There is a myth in Glasgow, that the building was accidentally built back-to-front, and the architect jumped from one of the towers in despair. This is only an urban myth, the grand entrance was always intended to face into Kelvingrove Park. The museums collections came mainly from the McLellan Galleries and from the old Kelvingrove House Museum in Kelvingrove Park and it has one of the finest collections of arms and armour in the world and a vast natural history collection. The art collection includes many outstanding European artworks, including works by the Old Masters, French Impressionists, Dutch Renaissance, the museum houses Christ of Saint John of the Cross by Salvador Dalí. The copyright of this painting was bought by the curator at the time after a meeting with Dalí himself, for a period between 1993 and 2006, the painting was moved to the St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art. The museum also contains a gift of the decorative arts from Anne Hull Grundy. Kelvingrove was reopened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on 11 July 2006 after a closure for major refurbishment. The work cost around £28 million and includes a new restaurant, a new display layout and wayfinding scheme was introduced to make the building more visitor-friendly
10.
Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery
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The University of Glasgows Hunterian is the oldest museum in Scotland. In 1783, William Hunter bequeathed his substantial and varied collections to the University of Glasgow. in such sort, way, manner, shall seem most fit and most conducive to the improvement of the students of the said University of Glasgow. The museum first opened in 1807, in a specially constructed building off the High Street, when the University moved west to its new site at Gilmorehill the museum moved too. In 1870, the Hunterian collections were transferred to the University’s present site, the Universitys Librarian Professor Lockhart Muirhead became the first Keeper of the Hunterian Museum in 1823. As well as his collections, which arose from his own work, Hunter collected very widely, often assisted by his many royal. He and his agents scoured Europe for coins, minerals, paintings and prints, ethnographic materials, books and manuscripts, as well as insects, the museum contains many donated collections, such as the Begg Collection of fossils donated by James Livingstone Begg in the 1940s. This is also open to the general public, the insect collections are particularly important and extensive, and are the feature of some excellent recent displays. The Gallery is now housed in a modern, custom-built facility that is part of the extensive Glasgow University Library complex and this displays the Universitys extensive art collection, and features an outdoor sculpture garden. The bas relief aluminium doors to the Hunterian Gallery were designed by sculptor Eduardo Paolozzi, the gallerys collection includes a large number of the works of James McNeill Whistler and the majority of the watercolours of Charles Rennie Mackintosh. The Hunterian Art Gallery reopened in September 2012 after a refurbishment, with a dedicated to Rembrandt, Rembrandt. The Mackintosh House is a concrete building, part of the gallery-library complex. One of the buildings lost,78 Southpark Avenue, was formerly a home to Glasgow architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh, the University rebuilt the form of the house approximately 100 metres from the site of the original. Due to its displacement, one door now hangs precariously above a 20-foot drop, the Mackintosh House features some of the original woodwork of the old terraced house, and features the meticulously reassembled interiors from Mackintoshs home. William Hunters brother John, a surgeon, also founded a museum, the museum displays thousands of anatomical specimens, including the Evelyn tables and the skeleton of the Irish giant Charles Byrne, and many surgical instruments. It underwent a refurbishment in 2003 and 2004, creating a new crystal gallery of steel. Both brothers are celebrated in the town of their birth, East Kilbride, Glasgow Art The Hunterians website The Hunterians searchable online catalogue
11.
Burrell Collection
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The Burrell Collection is an art collection in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated in Pollok Country Park on the side of the city. The museum closed for refurbishment on 23 October 2016 and is expected to reopen in 2020, the eclectic collection was acquired over many years by Sir William Burrell, a wealthy Glaswegian shipping magnate and art collector, who then gave it to the city of Glasgow Corporation in 1944. The trustees spent over 20 years trying to find a home for the collection, one which met all the criteria set out in the Trust Deed. Galleries on two house various smaller artefacts, over a basement storage level, and at the lower level a restaurant gives views over the lawn to the south. The museum was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1983, and was named as Scotlands second greatest post-war building in a poll of architects by Prospect magazine in 2005. The building was awarded A-listed status by Historic Scotland in February 2013 in recognition of its position as one of the country’s finest examples of 1970s architectural design, there are over 8,000 objects in the collection. Artworks from five centuries are found in the collection, Burrell started collecting Chinese antiques around 1910. The museum is home to one of the greatest assemblies of medieval stained glass in the world, there are more than 700 stained glass panels from across Europe in the collection, including many examples of Gothic, Renaissance and Romanesque styles. Much of the glass has heraldic motifs, in 2013 a project was commenced to conserve and research the museums collection of stained glass from the Carmelite church at Boppard-am-Rhein, Germany. The 34 panels that make up the Burrell collection of Boppard windows have a surface area of 14 square metres. The museum has a collection of art from the medieval period. This includes wood and stone sculptures, wooden church furnishings and architectural fragments, one of these items is the Temple Pyx. The nearest railway station to the Burrell Collection is Pollokshaws West, Pollok House, administered by the National Trust for Scotland, is also situated in Pollok Country Park. Hansard Blog following the ongoing Boppard Conservation Project Morrison, Richard, stained Glass in the Burrell Collection. Carpets and Tapestries from the Burrell Collection, the Burrell Collection, Gothic Tapestries, A Selection. Western Asiatic antiquities, the Burrell Collection
12.
McLellan Galleries
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The McLellan Galleries are an exhibition space in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, situated behind a frontage of shops in Sauchiehall Street. The Galleries were built in 1855-6 to a design by architect James Smith at a cost of £40,000 and are named after their founder, Archibald McLellan, a coach builder, councillor and patron of the arts. Following his death, Glasgow Corporation acquired the galleries and collection, the Galleries housed Glasgow School of Art from 1869 to 1899. In October 1986, the frontage building housing the Galleries was ravaged by fire. While Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum was closed for refurbishment between 2003 and 2006, the McLellan Galleries hosted a display of its best-loved works. The McLellan Galleries was then leased to the Glasgow School of Art as studio, the galleries have been protected as a category B listed building since 1970. Glasgow Museums website on the McLellan Glasgow City Councils page on the McLellan Galleries
13.
Pollok House
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Pollok House is the ancestral home of the Maxwell and Jardine families, located in Pollok Country Park, Glasgow, Scotland. The house - built in 1752 and designed by William Adam - was given to the City of Glasgow in 1966 by The Honourable Anne Maxwell-Jardine and it is now managed by the National Trust for Scotland and is open to the public. The house was modernised internally in 1899 by Alexander Hunter Crawford, displayed within the Pollok House is a large, private collection of Spanish paintings, including works by El Greco, Francisco Goya and Bartolomé Esteban Murillo. There are also paintings by William Blake, as well as glass, silverware, porcelain, the house also features servants quarters downstairs, which include two shops and a restaurant. The house also has a garden, boasting a collection of over 1,000 species of rhododendrons. The gardens behind the house contain the Pollok Park Beech which is thought to be 250 years old. This tree has a form with a swollen trunk and a gnarled mass of branches. The heraldic lions on the piers were carved by John Marshall to a design by Huw Lorimer in 1950. Glasgow Museums & Art Galleries National Trust for Scotland details Photographs of Pollok house In Glasgow Pollok House Arts Society
14.
Glasgow Museum of Transport
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The Glasgow Museum of Transport in Glasgow, Scotland was established in 1964 and initially located at a former tram depot in Pollokshields. In 1987 the museum was relocated to the citys Kelvin Hall, the Museum of Transport was first established in 1964. Created in the wake of the closure of Glasgows tramway system in 1962, it was located at the former Coplawhill tram depot on Albert Drive in Pollokshields. The old building was converted into the Tramway arts centre. The museum was situated inside the Kelvin Hall opposite the Kelvingrove Art Gallery. The Kelvin Hall was built in 1927, originally as a centre, but was converted in 1987 to house the Museum of Transport. The Kelvin Hall site itself closed in April 2010, with the Museum moving to its home at the new Riverside Museum in 2011. All forms of transport were featured, from horse-drawn vehicles to fire engines, from motorcycles to caravans, even toy cars, the new museum opened on Tuesday 21 June 2011. Culture in Glasgow List of transport museums Scottish Tramway and Transport Society Summerlee, Museum of Scottish Industrial Life Official website Riverside Museum - new home for Museum of Transport
15.
Glasgow Science Centre
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Glasgow Science Centre is a visitor attraction located in the Clyde Waterfront Regeneration area on the south bank of the River Clyde in Glasgow, Scotland. Queen Elizabeth II opened Glasgow Science Centre on 5 June 2001 and it is one of Scotlands most popular paid-for visitor attractions. It is a science centre composed of three principal buildings which are the Science Mall, Glasgow Tower and an IMAX cinema. The Scottish tourist board, VisitScotland, awarded Glasgow Science Centre a five star rating in the visitor attraction category, as well as its main location, Glasgow Science Centre also manages the visitor centre at Whitelee Wind Farm, which opened to the public in 2009. The largest of the three main, titanium-clad buildings takes a crescent shape structure and houses a Science Mall. In architectural terms it represents the hull of a ship, a reference to the adjacent canting basin. Internally, there are three floors of over 250 science-learning exhibits, as is usual for science centres, the exhibits aim to encourage interaction, and can be used or played with as part of the informal learning experience the centre aims to deliver. The building was designed by BDP, on Floor 1, amongst the many interactive exhibits that demonstrate scientific principles, visitors can access a Science Show Theatre and the Glasgow Science Centre Planetarium. The planetarium contains a Zeiss optical-mechanical projector that projects images of the sky onto a 15m diameter dome. There is an area aimed at young children called, The Big Explorer. On Floor 2, visitors can explore opportunities in STEM careers in the My World of Work Live interactive exhibition space, there is also The Lab, primarily used as an educational workshop space. Floor 3 was refurbished in 2012 and reopened to the public on 28 March 2013 and it now houses an interactive exhibition about human health and wellbeing in the 21st century called, BodyWorks. Visitors are invited to consider their bodies, health and lifestyle from a new perspective through 115 interactive exhibits, research capsules, the Ground Floor of the Science Mall contains the Ticket desk, Cafes, Gift Shop, and a cloakroom. Access to Glasgow Tower for the public is also via the Ground Floor, the Glasgow Tower was designed to be the tallest freely-rotating tower in the world. It missed its opening date in 2001 and has plagued by problems ever since. It has been closed for over 80% of its life, and was closed from August 2010 until July 2014, the IMAX cinema was the first IMAX cinema to be built in Scotland. The single auditorium seats 370 in front of a screen measuring 25 m by 18.9 m and has the capability to show 3D films as well as standard 2D films in IMAX format. It opened to the public in October 2000 Premiered The First Film Entitled Dolphins, on 6 September 2013, Cineworld agreed a 10-year lease to operate the IMAX cinema and opened a Starbucks on site
16.
St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art
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The St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art is a museum of religion in Glasgow, Scotland. The museum, which opened in 1993, is located in Cathedral Square, the museum building emulates a medieval style to blend in with the nearby Provands Lordship House. The museum houses exhibits relating to all the major religions, including a Zen garden. It housed Salvador Dalí’s painting Christ of Saint John of the Cross from its opening in 1993 until the reopening of Kelvingrove Art Gallery, nearby are the Provand’s Lordship, Glasgow’s oldest house, the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and the Glasgow Necropolis. Museum website Glasgow Cathedral Precinct—History and original drawings of the Cathedral area
17.
People's Palace, Glasgow
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The Peoples Palace and Winter Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland is a museum and glasshouse situated in Glasgow Green, and was opened on 22 January 1898 by the Earl of Rosebery. At the time, the East End of Glasgow was one of the most unhealthy and overcrowded parts of the city, and it was designed by the City Engineer, Alexander B. At the opening ceremony Lord Rosebery stated, A palace of pleasure and imagination around which the people may place their affections and he declared the building Open to the people for ever and ever. Originally, the floor of the building provided reading and recreation rooms, with a museum on the first floor. Since the 1940s, it has been the museum of history for the city of Glasgow, and tells the story of the people. The collections and displays reflect the face of the city. The palace is home to renowned Scottish Socialist John MacLeans campaign desk. Renovations extended to include the Winter Gardens to the rear of the building, where the glasshouse was extensively restored and reglazed, as part of the restoration the artist Ken Currie was commissioned to create a series of paintings for the ceiling dome of the museum. The eight panels mark the 200th anniversary of the Calton weavers Massacre of 1787, in 2005 further work was carried out when the Doulton Fountain was extensively refurbished and relocated to its present position in front of the museum. At 46 feet high and 70 feet across at its base and this was Smudge, the Peoples Palace cat, who ensured the building did not become home to small, unwelcome visitors. Glasgows Lord Provost made press appeals and police searches were carried out when she disappeared for 3 weeks in 1987, Peoples Palace website The Glasgow History Mural The Doulton Fountain Peoples Palace and Winter Gardens- Clyde Waterfront Heritage
18.
Provand's Lordship
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Provands Lordship and the nearby Glasgow Cathedral, are some of the very few surviving buildings from Glasgows medieval period. Provands Lordship is the oldest remaining house in Glasgow, the cathedral is the oldest building, Provands Lordship was built in 1471 as part of St Nicholass Hospital by Andrew Muirhead, Bishop of Glasgow, the Muirhead coat of arms is still visible on the side of the building. Provands Lordship was likely to have used to house clergy and other support staff for the Cathedral. Most of the medieval buildings that surrounded the Cathedral and hospital were demolished between the 18th and 20th centuries. In 1978, the building was offered to the City Of Glasgow by the Provands Lordship Society, today the house is furnished with a collection of seventeenth-century Scottish furniture donated by Sir William Burrell. Provan Hall, another 15th century historic building in Glasgow, Bishop Dunbars Hospital, the Hospital in Old Aberdeen founded by Gavin Dunbar Provands Lordship - official site Glasgow Cathedral Precinct - History and original drawings of the Cathedral area
19.
Scotland Street School Museum
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Scotland Street School Museum is a museum of school education in Glasgow, Scotland, in the district of Tradeston. It is located in a former School designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh between 1903 and 1906, the building is one of Glasgows foremost architectural attractions. It is located next to the Shields Road subway station, during the buildings construction, Mackintosh frequently battled the school board about the design. The total cost for the building was £34,291, which was over budget, the building features a pair of windowed Scottish baronial style tower staircases. The school, which also served Tradeston, was designed for an enrolment of 1,250, however, by the 1970s the area was experiencing urban decay, and the schools enrolment fell to under 100. Mackintosh based the design of the school on Rowallan Castle in Ayrshire, the museum features a wide range of activities and exhibits. The public are given the chance to participate in a Victorian classroom situation, culture in Glasgow Glasgow Museums Scotland Street School Scotland Street School - Illustrated Guide
20.
Scottish Football Museum
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The Scottish Football Museum is the Scottish Football Leagues National Museum of football, located in Hampden Park in Glasgow. Although the FA Cup competition is older, its original cup has been lost, in appalling weather Renton won 4–1. The Scottish Football Museum offers an expansive and informative tour of Hampden Park where visitors get a similar to players on match day. Visitors are able to visit the underground roadway, team changing rooms, visitors are able to walk down the tunnel to the unveiling of the Hampden crowd. Visitors get access to 2,500 exhibits in all of the 14 display gallery’s along with the chance to score a goal from the Hampden penalty spot. Visitors also get the chance to see the Scottish Hall of Fame and are able to climb the stairs to the cup presentation area in Hampden’s stands. C, players who took part in the first match ever played at the ground. There is also another Kilmarnock shirt which was worn in the 1960s by legendary Kilmarnock player, saturday,30 November 1872, for the first time ever two national countries took to the field, Scotland and England. Both bordering nations are renowned for being the oldest international football teams in the world, a crowd of only 4,000 arrived that day to watch the historic event. 140 years on and football has become the most popular sport in the world where the 2010 World cup reached more than 3.2 billion people worldwide. This exhibition celebrates the unimaginable growth for the world of football from where we once were, where we are today, and how Scotland has its place in the start of football history. Many of his works were based on the fortunes of the two professional clubs based in Edinburgh, Hearts and Hibs, but also included other clubs across the country as well as the national team and these cartoons formed a basis for the exhibition presented at the museum. The Scottish Football Hall of Fame honours the great players, managers and officials who have contributed to Scotlands football reputation with their skills, spirit. Today, there are 83 football players in the Hall of Fame, the Hall of Fame is characterised as a must-see for every person that loves football and whoever is involved in football. Every year, supporters and figures from within football propose some worthy entrants before the decision for the list of the players. Scottish Football Association Scottish Football Museum Glasgow Museums & Art Galleries Scottish Football Hall of Fame
21.
Riverside Museum
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The Riverside Museum is the current location of the Glasgow Museum of Transport, at Pointhouse Quay in the Glasgow Harbour regeneration district of Glasgow, Scotland. The building opened in June 2011, on 18 May 2013, the museum was announced as the Winner of the 2013 European Museum of the Year Award. In 2015, the museum had 1,131,814 visitors during the year, the Riverside Museum building was designed by Zaha Hadid Architects and engineers Buro Happold. The internal exhibitions and displays were designed by Event Communications. The location of the museum is on the site of the former A. & J. Inglis Shipyard within Glasgow Harbour, on the bank of the River Clyde. This site enabled the Clyde Maritime Trusts SV Glenlee and other visiting craft to berth alongside the museum, of the £74 million needed for the development of the Riverside Museum, Glasgow City Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund have committed £69 million. The Riverside Museum Appeal is a charitable trust established to raise the final £5 million in sponsorship and donations from companies, trusts, the Riverside Museum Appeal Trust is recognised as a Scottish Charity SC033286. On 13 November 2007 the Lord Provost of Glasgow, Bob Winter cut the first turf, during the summer of 2008, foundational work was carried out, with massive underground trenches created to house the services for the building. By late September 2008, the framework of the structure was taking shape. During 2010 the cladding of the building was put in place, the building was structurally completed by late autumn 2010 and work continued to prepare the Riverside Museum for its opening on 21 June 2011. The building was completed on 20 June 2011 and the day it opened to the public. The 1947 work was bought with the help of Glasgow businessman Willie Haughey of City Refrigeration Holdings, and a £20,000 grant from the National Art Collections Fund. SAR Class 15F 4-8-2 steam locomotive, No.3007 - built by the Glasgow-based North British Locomotive Company at its Polmadie Works in 1945, the locomotive was bought in late 2006 from Transnet. It was on display in George Square for a time in 2007. Since opening the Riverside Museum has received positive reviews. However its layout continues to be criticised by visitors, the chief complaint being that a significant portion of the cars on display are positioned on shelves mounted at great height. In 2013, the museum had 740,276 visitors during the year, in 2015, the annual number of visitors had increased to 1,131,814, making it the fifth most popular attraction in Scotland. Culture in Glasgow Scottish Tramway and Transport Society Glasgow Corporation Tramways - history of trams in Glasgow A
22.
Tenement House (Glasgow)
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The Tenement House is a National Trust for Scotland property in Glasgow. It is located at 145 Buccleuch Street, near Charing Cross, the Tenement House is not a museum as commonly understood. It is in fact an original 19th-century tenement flat which was owned by an elderly lady, after her death the house was left in her will to the church which intended to sell it to raise funds. It was only on inspection of the flat somebody noticed its potential as it had remained unchanged from the olden days. Members of The National Trust for Scotland for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, for Adults, £6.50 Family, £16.501 Parent, £11.50 Concession, £5.00 Lower East Side Tenement Museum The Tenement House, National Trust for Scotland
23.
Glasgow art
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Glasgow has one of the most expensive collections of art in the world, spread out across 13 museums throughout the city. In 1999, Glasgow was voted the UK city of Architecture, the heritage from the Victorian era includes ‘The Herald Building’ on Mitchell Street and ‘The St Enoch Subway’ Station centred in the heart of Glasgow’s city centre. Glasgow’s pride in its achievements is shown in exhibitions within the Kelvin Grove Art Gallery, charles Rennie Mackintosh was an architect and artist from Glasgow. Mackintosh attended Glasgow School of Art in the late 1880s, Mackintosh was heavily influenced by the Industrial Revolution. Mackintosh worked on architectural projects such as the House for an Art Lover. The Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum consists of three floors, The Lower Ground Floor is the public entrance to the gallery. It contains a small RBS Gallery and a café, the extended part of the lower ground floor is known as the Campbell Hunter Foundation Education Wing. The Ground Floor has a museum for under 5s, which leads into the two separate sides of the museum – Life and Expression. This leads to hands-on displays in the Environment Discovery Centre and The Art Discovery Centre, the level has a multimedia Object Cinema, the History Discovery Centre, and the Study Centre. The Glasgow museums carry out projects from conservation and restoration of individual objects, through to complete refurbishment and these museums are also linked to the Open Museum. The Open Museum takes Glasgow Museums collections beyond the museum walls, the Open Museum has reminiscence kits, object handling kits and exhibitions available for loan. This free service allows Glasgows citizens to borrow museum objects and create their own displays, recently received an extra £30 Million in funding which they used to extensively refurbish the museum. Since the renovations the museum has put 50% more exhibits on show, based in the heart of Glasgow City Centre, the Glasgow Gallery of Modern art is a neo-classical building offering temporary exhibitions, featuring work by local, national and international artists. The building was built as a townhouse for a tobacco trader, the gallery opened in 1996 after renovation work carried out partly by Glasgow City Council, the renovations included building a café and an interactive zone in the basement. The international works on display paintings, sculptures, prints, photography. In the basement of the gallery there is a Library, café, free internet access terminals, goMA offers a year-round programme of events, including artist talks, and the Saturday Art Club for families. The rooftop café has changed into a dedicated Education and Access studio, work from these workshops is displayed in the Balcony Gallery, which also houses collaborative work between artists and communities
24.
History of Glasgow
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This article deals with the history of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. See also Timeline of Glasgow history, the area around Glasgow has hosted communities for millennia, with the River Clyde providing a natural location for fishing. Glasgow itself was founded by the Christian missionary Saint Mungo in the 6th century and he established a church on the Molendinar Burn, where the present Glasgow Cathedral stands, and in the following years Glasgow became a religious centre. By the 12th century Glasgow had been granted the status of what can now be called a city and the cathedral was the seat of the Bishops and the Archbishops of Glasgow. While there may have been buildings on the site, the first stone cathedral was consecrated in about 1136. Extensions and alterations to the buildings have continued ever since. The most recent addition was the Millennium Window unveiled on 3 June 1999, after the Reformation in 1560, the Catholic rituals ended and the Catholic statues and symbols were removed or painted over. The large Cathedral served three different Presbyterian parishes simultaneously, the choir was used by the Inner High parish. The nave was used by the Outer High parish, the crypt was used by Laigh parish. In 1451 the University of Glasgow was founded by Papal Bull, after 1870 the university attained international stature. The Universitys teaching quality was assessed in 2009 to be among the top 10 in Britain and its path to success was not to be easy, however, in 1651, the English Navigation Acts were passed, making it illegal for non-English ships to trade with English colonies. A second attempt at a Scottish colony, the Darien scheme, ended in disaster and they were not deterred, continuing small-scale smuggling with English colonies until the Act of Union in 1707. Access to the Atlantic Ocean allowed the import of such as American tobacco and cotton, and Caribbean sugar. These imports flourished after 1707, when union with England made the trade legal, by 1760, Glasgow had outstripped London as the main port for tobacco in the United Kingdom. The American War of Independence put an end to most American trade, leading to financial ruin for some, trade turned to sugar, Glasgows transformation from a provincial town to an international business hub was based originally on its control of the 18th-century tobacco trade with America. The trade was interrupted by the American Revolutionary War, and never recovered to even a fourth of its old trade, the tobacco merchants grew rich as their stocks of tobacco soared in value, they had diversified their holdings and were not badly hurt. Merchants turned their attention to the West Indies and to textile manufacture, the trade made a group of Tobacco Lords very wealth, they adopted the lifestyle of landed aristocrats, and lavished vast sums on great houses and splendid churches of Glasgow. The merchants constructed spectacular buildings and monuments that can still be seen today, as the citys wealth increased, its centre expanded westwards as the lush Victorian architecture of what is now known as the Merchant City area began to spring up
25.
Timeline of Glasgow history
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This article is intended to show a timeline of the history of Glasgow, Scotland, up to the present day. C1174/c1178, William the Lion makes Glasgow an episcopal burgh of barony, home Secretary Winston Churchill orders the army with tanks into Glasgows George Square whilst Glasgow soldiers are confined to barracks. C.3 million visitors. 1993, Glasgow Caledonian University established, Opening of the new St Mungos Museum, real Madrid beat Bayer Leverkusen 2-1. 2002,2002 Glasgow floods,200 people evacuated from Greenfield and Shettleston,2004, Stockline Plastics factory explosion, Nine people dead,37 injured,15 seriously. 2005, The city launches a bid to host the 2014 Commonwealth Games,2006, Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum reopens after its three-year, £27. 9million restoration. 2012, Glasgow hosts the football matches of the 2012 Summer Olympics. 2013,2013 Glasgow helicopter crash, A police helicopter crashes into the Clutha Vaults pub in central Glasgow, killing 10,2014,2014 Commonwealth Games take place in Glasgow. 2014,2014 Glasgow bin lorry crash, A Glasgow City Council bin lorry collides with pedestrians in Queen Street,6 people are killed and 15 injured. Glasgow Scotland History of Scotland Timeline of Scottish history Timeline of Edinburgh history Published in the 18th century John Taits Directory for the City of Glasgow, Glasgow,1783, joness Directory, or, Useful Pocket Companion for the year 1787. Published in the 19th century Glasgow Directory, Glasgow, McFeat & Co.18061818 ed.1825 ed. Glasgow Lists,1817. Glasgow, Scottish Tourist and Itinerary, Edinburgh, Stirling, Kenney,1842 Glasgow, Lizars Scottish Tourist, Edinburgh, W. H. Lizars,1850 Glasgow, blacks Guide to Glasgow and the Clyde, London, A. & C
26.
Politics of Glasgow
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Glasgow City Council, the local government body of the city of Glasgow in Scotland, became one of the newly created single tier local authorities in 1996, under the Local Government etc. The early city was run by the old Glasgow Town Council, in 1895, the Town Council became The Corporation of the City of Glasgow. It retained this title until local government re-organisation in 1975, when it became City of Glasgow District Council, in 1996, following the dissolution of Strathclyde Regional Council and the transfer of its responsibilities to Glasgow District Council, the authority was renamed Glasgow City Council. The title Lord Provost of Glasgow, used now for the leader of the city council, has history dating from the 15th century. During World War I, the council was unique in the United Kingdom in appointing an official war artist, the city council established in 1996, took on the powers and responsibilities previously divided between councils of the Glasgow City district and the Strathclyde region. The council area borders onto East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire, the council is ceremonially headed by the Lord Provost of Glasgow, who is elected to convene the council and perform associated tasks as a general civic leader and Lord Lieutenant. The current incumbent is Sadie Docherty, the councils executive branch is headed by a Leader of the Council, who is the leader of the largest political grouping, currently the Labour Party. The council consists of 79 councillors elected for a term from 21 wards. These wards were introduced for the 2007 election and each three or four members by the single transferable vote system of election. This system was introduced by the Local Governance Act 2004, as a means of ensuring a reasonably proportionately representative outcome, the most recent full council election took place on Thursday 3 May 2012. No Scottish Socialist Party, Solidarity or independent councillors were returned, a multi-member ward system was introduced for the 2007 council election, Prior to the 2007 election, there were 79 councillors elected from 79 single-member wards by the plurality system of election. There were also three Liberal Democrat councillors, one Conservative councillor, one Scottish Socialist Party councillor, and one independent councillor
27.
Glasgow City Chambers
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An eminent example of Victorian civic architecture, the building was constructed between 1882 and 1888 to a competition winning design by Scottish architect William Young a native of Paisley. Inaugurated in August 1888 by Queen Victoria, the first council meeting was held within the chambers in October 1889, the building originally had an area of 5,016 square metres. In 1814, the Tolbooth was sold – with the exception of the steeple, which still remains –, subsequent moves were made to Wilson Street and Ingram Street. In the early 1880s, City Architect John Carrick was asked to identify a site for a purpose built City Council Chambers. Carrick identified the east side of George Square, which was then bought, the new City Chambers initially housed Glasgow Town Council from 1888 to 1895, when it was replaced by Glasgow Corporation. It remained the Corporations headquarters until it was replaced by Glasgow District Council under the wider Strathclyde Regional Council in May 1975, the City Chambers has been the headquarters of Glasgow City Council since April 1996, when it replaced the District Council with the abolition of the Strathclyde Region. The exterior sculpture, by James Alexander Ewing, included the central Jubilee Pediment as its centrepiece and it depicts Victoria enthroned, surrounded by emblematic figures of Scotland, England, Ireland and Wales, alongside the colonies of the British Empire. Ewing also designed the sculptures of Truth, Riches, and Honour. The central apex figure of Truth is popularly known as Glasgows Statue of Liberty, because of its resemblance to the similarly posed. The entrance hall of the Chambers displays a mosaic of the coat of arms on the floor. Pillars of marble and granite give way to staircases of Carrara marble, freestone, and alabaster, the Councillors Corridor, containing councillors mailboxes and decorated in Italian faience, leads to the Committee Rooms, where formal business committees meet, and a library. The corridor also leads into the Council Chamber and this is where the Council meets formally, featuring Spanish mahogany panelling. There are seats for each of the 79 councillors, situated in a Hemicycle, all facing the Lord Provost, his Depute, and the chief executive, a public gallery looks down on the proceedings, and a small press gallery is located at the side. The Lord Provosts main office is decorated in the same Venetian style as the rest of the building, famous visitors, including the British Royal family have signed the visitor book here. The municipal mace is kept in an ante-room leading to the Lord Provosts office, part of the ritual of the Councils proceedings is that the mace is carried by the Council Officer when leading the Lord Provost into the Council Chamber to chair full council meetings. The mace is made from gold-plated silver, and was presented to the council in 1912, adjacent to the Council Chamber, there are three rooms used for civic functions and large meetings, the Satinwood Salon, Octagonal Room, and the Mahogany Salon. These rooms are decorated in woods as their names imply, the banquet hall has witnessed many different types of events, from formal civil ones to record launches, fashion shows, childrens Christmas parties and private functions. Nelson Mandela received his Freedom of the City here in 1993, the hall is 33.5 m long by 14.6 m wide and 15.8 m high
28.
Lord Provost of Glasgow
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The Right Honourable Lord Provost of Glasgow is the convener of the Glasgow City Council. They are elected by the city councillors and serve not only as the chair of that body and they are equivalent in many ways to the institution of Mayor that exists in many other countries. The Lord Provost of the City of Glasgow, by virtue of office, is also and this is enshrined in the Local Government etc. The current Lord Provost, elected to the position in 2012, is Sadie Docherty, the Lord Provost of Glasgow has the use of an official limousine which is always black and always carries the registration plate G0. Past limousines are on display at the citys Transport Museum, the current limousine is a Volkswagen. The Mediaeval burgh of Glasgow was administered on behalf of the Bishops of Glasgow by officials known as Bailies or Provosts, the office of Provost as a single chief magistrate was not created until the early 1450s
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Red Clydeside
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The history of Red Clydeside is a significant part of the history of the labour movement in Britain as a whole, and in Scotland in particular. This period in Clydesides history lasted from the 1910s until roughly the early 1930s, popular newspapers of the time used the term Red Clydeside to refer to the political militancy of the time. An amalgamation of individuals, organised movements and socio-political forces led to the enduring notion of Red Clydeside. This reorganisation involved an increase in workload and a decrease in wages, Labour unrest, in particular by women and unskilled labour, greatly increased between 1910–1914 in Clydeside, with four times more days on strike than between 1900 and 1910. During these four years preceding World War I, membership of those affiliated to the Scottish Trades Union Congress rose from 129,000 in 1909 to 230,000 in 1914. To mobilise the workers of Clydeside against World War I, the Clyde Workers Committee was formed, with Willie Gallacher as its head and David Kirkwood its treasurer. The CWC led the campaign against the Liberal government of David Lloyd George and their Munitions Act, anti-war activity also took place outside the workplace and on the streets in general. The Marxist John Maclean and the Independent Labour Party member James Maxton were both jailed for their anti-war propagandizing, at the turn of the twentieth century the Clydeside area in Glasgow experienced rapid industrial and population growth. Eleven percent of Glasgows housing stock was vacant due to speculation and few new houses were built as landlords benefited from renting out overcrowded and increasingly dilapidated flats. As Highlanders and Irish migrants came to Glasgow, the population increased by 65,000 people between 1912 and 1915 while only 1,500 new housing units were built. Glaswegian activists had demanded legislation and the building of housing as early as 1885, when the Royal Commission on Housing. The Scottish Housing Council organised in 1900 and under pressure from trade unions the Housing Letting and Rating Act 1911 was passed, the act introduced letting by month, previously workers with unstable jobs had been forced to put up a years rent payment. But as landlords increased rents protests by tenants became more frequent, John Maclean of the British Socialist Party organised the Scottish Federation of Tenants Associations in 1913 to fight against rent increases and ask the state to provide housing. In 1914 the Independent Labour Party Housing Committee and the Womens Labour League formed the Glasgow Womens Housing Association, Tenants refused to pay the latest increase in rents and staged mass demonstrations against evictions, resulting in violent confrontations. As evictions were repeatedly attempted with support from the police, women attacked the factors, in early summer 1915, the rent strikers were supported by mass demonstrations and by August, the rent strikers had found widespread support in Glasgow. Rent strikes spread from heavily industrialised areas of the city to artisanal areas, strikes ignited in Partick, Parkhead, Pollokshaws, Pollok, Cowcaddens, Kelvingrove, Ibrox, Govanhill, St Rollox, Townhead, Springburn, Maryhill, Fairfield, Blackfriars, and Woodside. In October 1915,15,000 tenants were on rent strike, by November,20,000 tenants were on rent strike as violent resistance against evictions continued. Trade unions threatened factory strikes if evictions supported by the continued and following demonstrations on 17 November
30.
Battle of George Square
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The Battle of George Square, also known as Bloody Friday and Black Friday, was one of the most intense riots in the history of Glasgow, it took place on Friday,31 January 1919. The dispute revolved around a campaign for shorter working hours, backed by widespread strike action, before the First World War, the standard working week was 54 hours. National negotiations had established a 47-hour working week for men in the shipbuilding and engineering trades and it was, however, opposed by the Amalgamated Society of Engineers and most other unions. Many workers also resented the fact that the new 47-hour week agreement removed their traditional morning break. A strikers meeting was called for Monday,27 January, by Friday 31 January, the number had swollen to upwards of 60,000. It was Scotlands first mass picket since the Radical War of 1820, Emanuel Shinwell, the Glasgow Trades Council president was amongst those to address the crowd. The fierce fighting between the City of Glasgow Police and protesters began while a Clyde Workers Committee deputation was in the Glasgow City Chambers meeting with the Lord Provost of Glasgow. On hearing the ensuing riot that was taking place in George Square, CWC leaders David Kirkwood, sheriff MacKenzies attempts to read the Riot Act proved unsuccessful as the crowd tore his copy of the Act from him as he was in the process of reading it. Pitched battles took place between police and strikers in the streets around the square, iron palings were pulled up and used as a defence against the police truncheons, while bottles were mobilised from a passing lorry to serve as missiles. The polices efforts to disperse the crowd from the Square were unsuccessful, eventually there was a re-grouping and the workers began to move off from George Square to march towards Glasgow Green. Police were again unsuccessful in their attempts to disperse the strikers, for the rest of the day and into the night, further fighting took place throughout the city. Many people, women and children among them, were injured, more than a dozen strikers were taken to Duke Street Prison and later tried at the High Court of Justiciary in Edinburgh. The failure of the police to control the riot prompted the Coalition Government under David Lloyd George to react and they were deployed for a week, to deter any further gatherings. No Glaswegian troops were deployed, with the government fearing that fellow Glaswegians, soldiers or otherwise, under the orders of Field Marshal Sir William Robertson, Scottish regiments were transported from other parts of Scotland and stationed in Glasgow specifically to avert this possible scenario. Troops from the Highland Light Infantry were also transported from Maryhill Barracks from Maryhill Central railway station to Buchanan Street railway station but without their Glaswegian men. Other troops, including the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, Gordon Highlanders and Seaforth Highlanders arrived from Stirling Castle, Redford Barracks, Manny Shinwell, William Gallacher and David Kirkwood were jailed for several months. The striking workers returned to work with the guarantee of a 47-hour week, in the General Election of 1922, Scotland elected 29 Labour MPs, including the 40 Hour Strike organisers and Independent Labour Party members Manny Shinwell and David Kirkwood. The United Kingdom general election,1923 eventually saw the first Labour government come to power under Ramsay MacDonald, the regions socialist sympathies earned it the epithet of Red Clydeside
31.
Glasgow (Scottish Parliament electoral region)
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Glasgow is one of the eight electoral regions of the Scottish Parliament. Nine of the parliaments 73 first past the post constituencies are sub-divisions of the region, thus it elects a total of 16 MSPs. As a result of the First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament Boundaries the boundaries of the region, in terms of first past the post constituencies the region included, The constituencies were created with the names and boundaries of Westminster constituencies, as existing in 1999. Scottish Westminster constituencies were replaced with new constituencies in 2005. Nine of the constituencies are entirely within the Glasgow City council area, the Rutherglen constituency includes a north-eastern area of the South Lanarkshire council area. Also, although central with respect to the region and entirely within the city area, Shettleston is in the south-east of the city area, the South Lanarkshire area is otherwise divided between the Central Scotland and South of Scotland regions. Council areas are as defined in 1996, and may be subject to change after the next Scottish Parliament election, N. B. Ahmad died in February 2009 and McLaughlin was next on the Scottish National Partys list. At the subsequent Glasgow Cathcart by-election held 29 September 2005, Charlie Gordon held the seat for Labour, changes, Tommy Sheridan resigned from the Scottish Socialist Party in September 2006 and sat as a member of Solidarity. At the subsequent Glasgow Anniesland by-election on 23 November 2000, Bill Butler held the seat for Labour, Glasgow Politics of Glasgow South Lanarkshire Renfrewshire
32.
Glasgow's miles better
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Glasgows miles better was a campaign to promote the city of Glasgow as a tourist destination and as a location for industry. It was developed by Scottish advertising agency Struthers Advertising, and featured the phrase Glasgows Miles Better wrapped around the figure of Mr. Happy. It is regarded as one of the worlds earliest and most successful attempts to rebrand a city, later that year, the then Lord Provost of Glasgow Michael Kelly announced plans to make Glasgow a no smoking city by the year 2000. John Struthers wrote to Michael Kelly offering assistance with the No Smoking aim, the Lord Provost said he was simply the figurehead for the No Smoking group but he and John Stuthers met over coffee. During that meeting, the Lord Provost said how much he wanted a campaign for Glasgow similar to the highly successful I Love New York campaign but the City had no money to fund such an initiative. As a result of meeting, John Struthers undertook not only to create. Various concepts were developed and rejected but in March 1983, Struthers presented the Glasgows Miles Better proposal to Kelly supported with a fund raising strategy, the Lord Provost loved the whole concept and personally took it on board. Struthers and Kelly made a combination that gave the whole campaign an impetus hitherto unseen in UK civic marketing activity. The campaign was launched in June 1983 by the Lord Provost to immense media attention and comment and in a short time. Some £100,000 was raised as a result of the Struthers fund raising proposals followed by the Scottish Development Agency agreeing to match this sum pound for pound. When this funding was put in place, the City of Glasgow finally decided to offer financial support from their Common Good Fund amounting to some £60,000, the campaign ran across UK media and was supported by extensive PR initiatives. One of the most remarkable PR stories concerned Glasgows rival city Edinburgh, one of the Struthers recommendations was to target tourists to Edinburgh during the Edinburgh Festival so a modest campaign was booked to run on the sides of six Edinburgh buses. In the eighties, Edinburgh buses were owned by Edinburgh Council which took umbrage at the thought of Glasgow being promoted on their buses and as a result, within days the story of Edinburgh banning Glasgow had gone worldwide and even made the front page of the Wall Street Journal. The coverage was immense and the Miles Better campaign owed a debt of gratitude to the City of Edinburgh for their assistance in promoting Glasgow to a global audience. Glasgow had previously suffered from a reputation as a hard-drinking, gang-ridden, the result was a very significant change in the way Glasgow was perceived externally and the figure of Mr. Happy from the Mr. Men childrens books appeared on posters and badges alongside the slogan. John Struthers was the man credited with devising the Glasgows Miles Better campaign, the catch-phrase is a famous example of a null comparative. In later phases of the campaign the catch-phrase was adapted in a number of ways, Edinburgh apparently responded to the campaign with a billboard and banner advertising campaign bearing the slogan, Edinburgh, Count Me In. History at Glasgow City Council Website Development of the slogan by Lord Provost Michael Kelly
33.
Geography of Glasgow
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Glasgow is a city located on the banks of the River Clyde, in West Central Scotland. Glasgow weather is typical of Scottish weather and often unpredictable, the summer months can be fine and sunny and mild. The winds are generally westerly, due to warm Gulf Stream, the warmest month, on average is July, averaging over 20°C. However it can be changeable, and normally a few degrees colder than southern England. Mornings can be damp and misty, or dreich and by afternoon sunny, spring is fairly mild and is a popular time to visit Glasgow. Though some days are rainy and windy, Many of Glasgows trees begin to flower at time of the year and Glasgows parks. Winters in Glasgow can be long and damp with fewer sunny days, the winds can be chilling and cold, though severe snow is infrequent and doesnt last too long. December, January and February are the wettest months of the year, Glasgows population peaked in 1931 at 1,088,000, and for over 40 years remained over 1 million. However, in the 1960s the population started to decline, partly due to relocation to the new towns in clearings of the inner city areas like the Gorbals. In addition, successive boundary changes reduced the city boundaries making direct comparisons difficult as the city expands beyond the local council boundaries. Source 2001 Census Since the 2001 census the population decline has stabilised, the 2004 population of the city council area was 585,090 and the population of both the City of Glasgow Council area and Greater Glasgow are forecast to grow in the near future. Around 2,300,000 people live in the Greater Glasgow conurbation, defined as the City of Glasgow, compared to Inner London, Scotlands major city has less than half the current population density of the English capital. However, in 1931 the population density was 16,011, highlighting the subsequent clearances to the suburbs, ^ The official population of Glasgow City Council unitary authority. ^ The City of Glasgow locality, as defined by the 2001 Census, localities are sub-divisions of 2001 Settlements that are based on 1991 Locality boundaries
34.
Glasgow city centre
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Glasgow city centre is the central business district of Glasgow, Scotland. The heart of the city is George Square, site of many of Glasgows public statues, the worlds tallest cinema, the eighteen-screen Cineworld, is situated on Renfrew Street. To the east is the commercial and residential district of Merchant City, as the Industrial Revolution and the wealth it brought to the city resulted in the expansion of Glasgows central area westward, the original medieval centre was left behind. Glasgow Cross, situated at the junction of High Street, Gallowgate, Trongate and Saltmarket was the centre of the city. Glasgow Cross encompasses the Tolbooth Clock Tower, all remains of the original City Chambers. Moving northward up High Street towards Rottenrow and Townhead lies the 15th century Glasgow Cathedral, due to growing industrial pollution levels in the mid to late 19th century, the area fell out of favour with residents. From the late 1980s onwards, the Merchant City has been rejuvenated with luxury city centre apartments and this regeneration has supported an increasing number of cafés and restaurants. The area is home to a number of high end boutique style shops. The Merchant City is the centre of Glasgows growing cultural quarter, based on King Street, the Saltmarket and Trongate, and at the heart of the annual Merchant City Festival. The area also contains a number of theatres and concert venues, including the Tron Theatre, the Old Fruitmarket, the Trades Hall, St Andrews in the Square, Merchant Square, a large part of Glasgows LGBT scene is located within the Merchant City. This includes many clubs, and the UK gay chain store Clone Zone, recently the city council defined the area known as Merchant City as far west as Buchanan Street, marking these boundaries with new, highly stylised metal signage. Since the late 1980s the construction of modern office blocks. With a reputation as a financial services centre, coupled with comprehensive support services, Glasgow continues to attract. Of the 10 largest general insurance companies in the UK,8 have a base or head office in Glasgow - including Direct Line, Esure, AXA and Norwich Union
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Greater Glasgow
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Greater Glasgow is an urban settlement in Scotland consisting of all localities which are physically attached to the city of Glasgow, forming with it a single contiguous urban area. Greater Glasgow had a population of 1,199,629 at the 2001 census making it the largest urban area in Scotland and the fifth largest in the United Kingdom. At present the Glasgow and Clyde City Region consists of the Glasgow City Council Local Authority, Lanarkshire, Dumbartonshire, Renfrew and Inverclyde, with a combined population of over 1.7 million. This city-region is described as an area by its own strategic planning authority. The official population stayed over a million for 50 years, following local government reorganisation in 1975, control subsequently passed to Strathclyde Regional Council. The former PTE is now the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport, within Transport Scotland, the city is served by the only metro system in Scotland, the Glasgow Subway, and by two international airports, Glasgow Prestwick International Airport and Glasgow International Airport. The Glasgow City Region, is a collection of local authorities clustered around Glasgow, the city region is not a conurbation as significant parts of the council areas are separated from Greater Glasgow by open countryside. It uses numerous other terms for itself, including Metropolitan Glasgow, the metropolitan City-Region of Glasgow, Glasgow and this cabinet consists of the leaders of all eight councils, with the leader of Glasgow City Council being Chair of the Cabinet. Prior to 2015 the eight authorities formed only a strategic planning authority. While the Scottish Government makes no official recognition of Metropolitan status in its workings, the European Unions statistical body Eurostat lists Glasgow as the 32nd most populous metropolitan area, or Larger Urban Zones, in the EU. Although not defining the boundaries of this area, Eurostat state it consists of over 1.7 million inhabitants covering an area of 3,346 km2. Which is similar to the 1.75 million population of the Glasgow City Region, the Glasgow City Regions strategic development authority describes itself as the planning authority for the Glasgow metropolitan area and the metropolitan city-region of Glasgow
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River Clyde
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The River Clyde is a river, that flows into the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. It is the eighth-longest river in the United Kingdom, and the second-longest in Scotland, flowing through the major city of Glasgow, it was an important river for shipbuilding and trade in the British Empire. In the early medieval Cumbric language it was known as Clud or Clut, the Clyde is formed by the confluence of two streams, the Daer Water and the Potrail Water. The Southern Upland Way crosses both streams before they meet at Watermeetings to form the River Clyde proper. At this point the Clyde is only 10 kilometres from Tweeds Well, the source of the River Tweed, and 13 kilometres from the Devils Beef Tub, the source of the River Annan. From there it meanders northeastward before turning to the west, its flood plain used for major roads in the area. On the banks of the Clyde, the industrialists David Dale and Robert Owen, built their mills, the mills harness the power of the Falls of Clyde, the most spectacular of which is Cora Linn. A hydroelectric power station generates electricity here, although the mills are now a museum. Between the towns of Motherwell and Hamilton the course of the river has altered to create an artificial loch within Strathclyde Park. Part of the course can still be seen, and lies between the island and the east shore of the loch. The river then flows through Blantyre and Bothwell, where the ruined Bothwell Castle stands on a defensible promontory, past Uddingston and into the southeast of Glasgow the river begins to widen, meandering a course through Rutherglen and Dalmarnock. From there, it flows past the shipbuilding heartlands, through Govan, Partick, Whiteinch, Scotstoun and Clydebank, all of which housed major shipyards, of which only two remain. The river flows out west of Glasgow, past Renfrew, opposite, on the south shore, the river continues past the last Lower Clyde shipyard at Port Glasgow to Greenock where it reaches the Tail of the Bank as the river merges into the Firth of Clyde. At the mouth of the River Clyde there has been a significant issue of oxygen depletion in the water column, the valley of the Clyde was the focus for the G-BASE project from the British Geological Survey in the summer of 2010. The success of the Clyde at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution was driven by the location of Glasgow, tobacco and cotton trade began the drive in the early 18th century. However, the shallow Clyde was not navigable for the largest ocean-going ships, in 1768 John Golborne advised the narrowing of the river and the increasing of the scour by the construction of rubble jetties and the dredging of sandbanks and shoals. A particular problem was the division of the river into two channels by the Dumbuck shoal near Dumbarton. After James Watts report on this in 1769, a jetty was constructed at Longhaugh Point to block off the southern channel and this being insufficient, a training wall called the Lang Dyke was built in 1773 on the Dumbuck shoal to stop water flowing over into the southern channel
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Architecture in Glasgow
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Very little of medieval Glasgow remains, the two main landmarks from this period being the 15th-century Provands Lordship and 13th-century St. Mungos Cathedral. The vast majority of the city as seen today dates from the 19th century, the city is notable for architecture designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh. A hidden gem of Glasgow, also designed by Mackintosh, is the Queens Cross Church, another architect who had an enduring impact on the citys appearance was Alexander Thomson. Thomson produced a style of architecture based on fundamentalist classicism that gave him the nickname Greek. Examples of Thomsons work can be found over the city, with examples including the Holmwood House villa. The buildings reflect the wealth and self-confidence of the residents of the Second City of the Empire, Glasgow generated immense wealth from trade and the industries that developed from the Industrial Revolution. The shipyards, marine engineering, steel making, and heavy industry all contributed to the growth of the city, at one time the expression Clydebuilt was synonymous with quality and engineering excellence. The Templetons carpet factory on Glasgow Green was designed to resemble the Doges Palace in Venice, in recent years many of these buildings have been cleaned and restored to their original appearance. Many important historicist churches were built in Victorian Glasgow, including the St. Vincent Street Church, zaha Hadid won a competition to design the new Museum of Transport, which will move to the waterfront. Clyde Waterfront - Scotland’s Architectural Showcase Glasgow City Centre
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Glasgow Festivals
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Glasgow Festivals include festivals for art, film, comedy, folk music and jazz. Glasgow also hosts an annual arts festival in November. Unlike the Edinburgh Festival, Glasgows festivals are spread evenly across the year, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Glasgow held several Great Exhibitions. The latter attracted 12.6 million visits, easily eclipsing the Festival of Britain or the Millennium Dome in London, Glasgow also hosted the Industrial exhibitions as part of the Festival of Britain in 1951. Glasgows Mayfest started in 1983 from the success of the STUC-organised May Day Parades and became a city-wide public festival, covering theatre, music, dance. It became the second largest arts festival in Britain until funding ceased in 1997, in 1988, Glasgow hosted its very successful Glasgow Garden Festival on old docks opposite the SECC, now home to the Glasgow Science Centre at Pacific Quay. 4.3 million people attended over 5 months, making it by far the most popular of the UKs five Garden Festivals held between 1984 and 1992. This European Union designation started in 1985, for Athens, and followed in successive years by Florence, Amsterdam, Berlin, in 2008 Glasgow was declared a UNESCO City of Music, the first in Britain, and joins 9 other cities with the status world wide. Glasgows main festivals are Celtic Connections, the Jazz Festival, the West End Festival, Merchant City Festival, Southside Festival, Pride Glasgow Scotlands largest LGBT Pride Festival and Glasgay. Glasgow also hosts the annual World Pipe Band Championships in August on Glasgow Green, as part of Glasgows cultural renaissance, Glasgow is host to a variety of festivals throughout the year, - Celtic Connections - Three week-long Celtic folk and world music festival, founded 1993. Now one of the worlds most influential music festivals, Glasgow Film Festival Glasgow International Comedy Festival Aye Write. Annual event of authors and writers, Glasgow Science Festival - two weeks of science-themed events for children, schools and adults in venues throughout the city. Lord Provosts Procession - annual community parade Glasgow International Jazz Festival, started 2004, not held in 2010. Glasgow Cabaret Festival - week-long theatre, variety, burlesque, circus, started 2009, not held in 2010. Due to be again in October 2011. 4-day event to celebrate Glasgows cultural quarter, Pride Glasgow Glasgows Lesbian, Gay, Bi-Sexual and Transgender Pride Festival taking place over the Glasgow Fair Weekend Piping Live. Festival - celebration of piping in all its forms in the run up to the World Pipe Band Championships. World Pipe Band Championships - major international event held annually on Glasgow Green since 1968, Glasgow Doors Open Days Festival - running for one week every September, an opportunity for the public to visit some of Glasgows most intriguing buildings and get behind the scenes of the city
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Glasgow Fair
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The Glasgow Fair is a holiday usually held during the second half of July in Glasgow, Scotland. The Fair is the oldest of similar holidays and dates to the 12th century, the fairs earliest incarnation occurred in 1190, when Bishop Jocelin obtained permission from King William the Lion to hold the festivities. Until the 1960s, most local businesses and factories closed on Fair Friday to allow workers and their families to attend and this practice was known as going doon the watter. The Glasgow Fair was originally held within the boundaries of Glasgow Cathedral, from the 1800s onward, in its earliest incarnations, the fair focused on economic practicalities such as the sale of horses and cattle. In the modern era, the fair has become known for its amusements, with circus, the Glasgow Fair has been a nexus for traveling showmen, who congregate in order to take advantage of the large audiences. This provided the fair with a roster of entertainers and performances. The 1912 fair, for example, featured a traditional penny gaff as well as short melodramas, the Glasgow Fair also served to introduce attendees to changes in industry and commerce. The 1912 fair also presented a railway that took visitors on a simulated ride through Japan. Starting in the 1900s, the Glasgow Fair focused on introducing attendees to global events, IV, Charter of the kings peace to all frequenting Glasgow fair
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Media in Glasgow
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This article deals with the Media in Glasgow. The city of Glasgow, Scotland is home to sections of the Scottish national media. It hosts the following, BBC Scotland — the national broadcaster, scotlands largest independent ITV companies, owned by the STV Group plc, based in Pacific Quay. Some London-based programmes are soon to be moved to Scotland to share the British media market starting with The National Lottery Jet Set. Television programmes set in Glasgow include, Taggart, Rebus, High Times, Rab C Nesbitt, City Lights, Chewing the Fat, River City, BBC Radio Scotland Clyde 1 Clyde 2 Capital Scotland Eklipse Sports Radio 105. The Glasgow East News — The East End of the City The West End Mail — Partick, West-End, published by a social enterprise called Southside Media. Scot24news Southside Happenings A local website documenting life on the southside of the city, Glasgow Filmmakers Alliance Online database of Individuals and Companies working in Film and Television in Glasgow. Media in Scotland Scottish Daily News List of Scotland–based production companies Gurevitch M. Culture, Society and the Media
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Transport in Glasgow
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The city of Glasgow, Scotland has a transport system encompassing air, rail, road, and an underground rail line. Prior to 1962, the city was served by trams. This includes shuttle flights to and from London and the rest of the UK, transatlantic links to New York, Philadelphia and several Canadian cities in addition to Dubai. Glasgow Prestwick International Airport is located 29 miles south west of the city in South Ayrshire and caters mainly for flights, low-cost airlines. Glasgow Seaplane Terminal, located on the River Clyde, by Glasgow Science Centre in the city centre, there are also two small airfields in the nearby towns of Cumbernauld, and Strathaven, near East Kilbride. The city has two main railway stations. Queen Street Station, located on George Square which connects Glasgow to the North of Scotland, and Edinburgh. Glasgow Central station, located on Gordon Street is the terminus of the West Coast Main Line, and connects Glasgow with the South, and is the rail gateway to England. Regular express train services run from Central to London, terminating at either Euston or Kings Cross, there were two additional mainline stations serving the city at one stage. These two stations were removed in the 1960s as a result of the Beeching Axe, Plans were devised in the post-war period to redevelop Glasgow as a whole. As part of the resulting Bruce Report, it was proposed that Queen Street Station be demolished and replaced as a bus station and this plan was never followed through, and Queen Street operates to this day, although Buchanan Street Station closed in the 1960s. The chosen site for the Glasgow North Station is now occupied by the Buchanan Bus Station, the Buchanan Galleries shopping centre, the Royal Concert Hall, Glasgow and District Transport Plans from 1951 show the layout of the proposed station, available on, Hipkiss Scanned Old Maps. The Bruce Report also recommended the demolition of both Glasgow Central and St Enoch Stations and replacing them with a Glasgow South Station, but again this was never followed up. There is also a suburban rail system run by ScotRail to the specification and requirements of SPT. It is centred on Central Station for the City south of the Clyde, the Ayrshire coast, Queen Street Station is for links with Edinburgh and the east coast of Scotland and west to and north to the Highlands on the famous West Highland Line. The North Clyde Line runs from Helensburgh and Balloch in the west to Edinburgh, the rail based urban and suburban systems are run by Strathclyde Partnership for Transport. SPT is formed and financed out of the unitary authorities in the Greater Glasgow area including Glasgow City Council. It has responsibility for local services, the Subway, certain ferries and buses
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Glasgow Central railway station
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Glasgow Central is the major mainline rail terminus in Glasgow, Scotland. The station was opened by the Caledonian Railway on 1 August 1879 and is one of nineteen managed by Network Rail and it is the northern terminus of the West Coast Main Line, and for inter-city services between Glasgow and England. The other main railway station in Glasgow is Glasgow Queen Street. With over 30 million passengers in 2015-16, Glasgow Central is the twelfth-busiest railway station in Britain, according to Network Rail, over 38 million people use it annually, 80% of whom are passengers. The station is protected as a category A listed building, the station was built over the site of Grahamston village, whose central street was demolished to make way for the station platform. In 1890, a solution of widening the bridge over Argyle Street. It was also intended to increase Bridge Street station to eight through lines. The Glasgow Central Railway was taken over by the Caledonian Railway in 1890, by 1900 the station was again found to be too small, passenger numbers per annum on the high-level station having increased by 5.156 million since the first extension was completed in 1890. Passenger usage per annum in 1899 was 16.841 million on the station and 6.416 million on the low-level station. The station is on two levels, the High-Level station at the level as Gordon Street, which bridges over Argyle Street. Between 1901 and 1905 the original station was rebuilt, the station was extended over the top of Argyle Street, and thirteen platforms were built. An additional eight-track bridge, the Caledonian Railway Bridge, was built over the Clyde, Bridge Street station was then closed. Also during the 1901–1905 rebuild a series of sidings was created at the end of Platforms 11 and 12 on the bridge over the River Clyde and these were named West Bank Siding, Mid Bank Siding and East Bank Siding. A dock siding – No.14 Dock was created at the end of Platform 13. Central Station has a spacious concourse containing shops, catering outlets, ticket offices and it is fronted by the Central Hotel on Gordon Street, designed by Robert Rowand Anderson. The station building houses a long line of shops and bars down the Union Street side. The undercroft of the station is not open to the public, it houses private car-parking. Underneath the Umbrella is an array of shops and bars, as well as the Arches nightclub, theatre, gallery
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Glasgow Queen Street railway station
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Glasgow Queen Street is a city centre railway terminal in Glasgow, Scotland. It is the smaller of the two main line railway termini and the third busiest station in Scotland. The station is situated between George Street to the south and Cathedral Street Bridge to the north, at the end of Queen Street adjacent to George Square. The other main station in Glasgow being Glasgow Central. The station was built by the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, in 1865 the E&GR was absorbed into the North British Railway, in 1878 the entire station was redesigned by the civil engineer James Carswell. It became part of the LNER group in 1923, in 1928 there was a railway accident causing 3 fatalities when a train leaving the station slipped to a standstill and rolled back into another train. Modern diesel trains have no difficulty with the climb and this caused difficulties with longer trains, as Queen Street is in a confined position between George Square and the tunnel. In the 1980s, HST were used on Cross Country and East Coast services ran by InterCity, Queen Street stations platforms are on two levels, with the High Level platforms running directly north-south, and the Low Level running east-west. They are connected by staircases at either end of the Low Level platforms,3 trains per hour to Stirling 1 train per hour to Aberdeen via Perth and Dundee. 1 train per hour to Dundee, the high level railway approaches the station building through the Queen Street Tunnel, which runs beneath the Buchanan Galleries shopping centre to the Sighthill area northeast of the city centre. Platforms 1–7 occupy the High Level, Platform 1 being at the end of the trainshed. Platforms 8 and 9 comprise the Low Level station, and it is the most central stop on the North Clyde Line of the Glasgow suburban electric network. Trains run frequently between Helensburgh, Balloch and Milngavie on the Firth of Clyde, towards Airdrie, on the edge of the Greater Glasgow and onward to Edinburgh via Bathgate, the line is electrified, the fleet operating this route are Class 318s, Class 320s and Class 334s. Services on the West Highland Line to Oban, Fort William, the Low Level line between High Street, Queen Street and Charing Cross was built before the Glasgow Subway, making it the oldest underground railway in the city. In May–June 2014, work was carried out to redevelop the Low Level platforms, Queen Street signal box, opened in 1881, was on a gantry spanning the tracks close to the tunnel mouth. It closed on 26 February 1967 when control of the high level station was transferred to a panel in Cowlairs signal box and that box was superseded by the new Cowlairs signalling centre on 28 December 1998. This in turn was abolished in October 2013 and the station is now under the supervision of Edinburgh IECC, the low level station had two signal boxes, Queen Street West and Queen Street East. Both boxes were over the tracks and closed on 8 February 1960, the low level lines came under the control of Yoker Signalling Centre on 19 November 1989
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Glasgow Airport
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Glasgow Airport, also unofficially Glasgow International Airport, formerly Abbotsinch Airport, is an international airport in Scotland, located 6 nautical miles west of Glasgow city centre. It is the airport serving the west of Scotland and is the principal transatlantic. The airport is owned and operated by AGS Airports which also owns and operates Aberdeen and it was previously owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings. The airports largest tenants are British Airways and Loganair, the using it as a hub. Other major airlines using GLA as a base include Flybe, EasyJet, Jet2, Ryanair, Thomas Cook Airlines, Glasgow Airport was first opened in 1966 and originally flights only operated to other places in the United Kingdom and Europe. The RAF Station HQ, however, was not formed until 1 July 1936 when 6 Auxiliary Group, Bomber Command, from May 1939, until moving away in October 1939, the Squadron flew the Supermarine Spitfire. In 1940, a training unit was formed, which trained both RAF and Royal Navy crews. On 11 August 1943 Abbotsinch was handed over solely to the Royal Navy, all Her Majestys Ships and naval bases are given ship names and Abbotsinchs was known as HMS Sanderling since June 1940. During the 1950s, the airfield housed an aircraft storage unit. The Royal Navy left in October 1963, the name Sanderling was however retained as a link between the two, HMS Sanderlings ships bell was presented to the new airport and a bar in the airport was named The Sanderling Bar. In the 1960s, Glasgow Corporation decided that a new airport for the city was required, the original site of Glasgows main airport was 3 km east of Abbotsinch, in what is now the Dean Park area of Renfrew. The original Art Deco terminal building of Renfrew Airport has not survived, the site is now occupied by a Tesco supermarket and the M8 motorway, this straight and level section of motorway occupies the site of the runway. Abbotsinch took over from Renfrew airport on 2 May 1966, the UK Government had already committed millions into rebuilding Prestwick Airport fit for the jet age. The first commercial flight to arrive was a British European Airways flight from Edinburgh, the airport was officially opened on 27 June 1966 by Queen Elizabeth II. In 1975, the BAA took ownership of Glasgow Airport, when BAA was privatised in the late 1980s, as BAA plc, it consolidated its airport portfolio and sold Prestwick Airport. The restrictions on Glasgow Airport were lifted and the transatlantic operators immediately moved from Prestwick, BAA embarked on a massive redevelopment plan for Glasgow International Airport in 1989. Spences original concrete facade which once looked onto Caledonia Road now fronts the check-in desks, the original building can be seen more clearly from the rear, with the mock barrel vaulted roof visible when airside. By 1996, Glasgow was handling over 5.5 million passengers per annum, the airport serves a variety of destinations throughout Europe, North America and the Middle East
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Glasgow Prestwick International Airport
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It is the second busiest of the two airports serving Glasgow, with the busiest being Glasgow Airport which is situated within the Greater Glasgow conurbation itself. It is set to become the European hub for space flights. Passenger traffic peaked at 2.4 million in 2007 following a decade of growth, driven in part by the boom in no-frills airlines. In recent years, passenger traffic has declined, around 670,000 passengers passed through the airport in 2016, the airport began life around 1934 – primarily as a training airfield – with a hangar, offices and control tower were constructed by the end of 1935. The airports original owner was David Fowler McIntyre, also the owner of Scottish Aviation with backing from the then Duke of Hamilton, macIntyre and Hamilton were the first aviators to fly over Mount Everest in 1933. In 1938 passenger facilities were added and these were used until further investment made Prestwick compatible with jet transportation. The October 1946 USAAF diagram shows 6,600 ft runway 14/32 with 4,500 ft runway 8/26 crossing just west of its midpoint, in 1958 runway 13/31 was 7,000 ft long, in May 1960 the extension to 9,800 ft opened. A parallel taxiway, link road and a terminal building were opened by the Queen Mother in 1964. The extension of Runway 13/31 caused considerable disruption to users as the main road from Monkton into Prestwick was now crossing the tarmac of the existing runway. This was controlled by a level crossing system until the new road was completed. In November 2013, the runway was re-designated from 13/31 to 12/30 due to the drifting of the magnetic north pole having moved so much that it required the airports runway to be re-numbered. The USAF base closed in 1966, proposed plans had been drawn up prewar for the postwar years which would have been classed as extremely ambitious, especially in the austere postwar years. Among the various proposals was a 4-mile long main runway, a freight yard and railway station. However, the runway was never lengthened to that degree, additionally, Gannet SAR provided a medical evacuation service to the Scottish island communities. Personnel at the base numbered 15 officers,11 ratings,28 civil servants and 50 civilian staff, the crews regularly featured as part of the popular Channel 5 documentary series Highland Emergency. 2009 saw the break a new record as they were tasked to 447 call outs. This figure equates to 20% of the UKs total military SAR call outs for 2009 making them, for the year in succession. There was some controversy over the use in the CIAs extraordinary rendition flights
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Glasgow Subway
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The Glasgow Subway is an underground metro line in Glasgow, Scotland. Opened on 14 December 1896, it is the third-oldest underground metro system in the world after the London Underground and it is the only heavy rail underground metro system in the United Kingdom outside London, and also the only one in the United Kingdom which operates completely underground. It is also one of the few railways in the world with a track running gauge of 4 ft. Formerly a cable railway, the Subway was later electrified. The line was known as the Glasgow District Subway, but was later renamed Glasgow Subway Railway. It was so called when taken over by the Glasgow Corporation who renamed it the Glasgow Underground in 1936, despite this rebranding, many Glaswegians continued to refer to the network as the Subway. In 2003 the name Subway was officially readopted by its operator, a £40,000 study examining the feasibility of an expansion into the city’s south side is in progress. The system is not the oldest underground railway in Glasgow, that belongs to a 3. Another major section of suburban railway line in Glasgow is the Argyle Line. The route is a loop almost 6.5 miles long, stations use a variety of platform layouts including single island platforms, opposing side platforms and in some stations such as Hillhead one side and one island platform. The subway’s running lines are underground, but the maintenance depot at Broomloan Road is above ground, as was the earlier depot. Prior to modernisation, trains used to be hoisted by crane onto, Modernisation brought the installation of points and a ramp between Govan and Ibrox where trains can exit the tunnel system to terminate for engineering, cleaning or storage. The system is owned and operated by the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport, formerly Strathclyde Passenger Transport, the Subway has been policed by British Transport Police since 2007. The cable was driven from a plant between West Street and Shields Road stations. There was no additional cable to allow trains to reach the depot, instead, they were transferred to and this also meant that the two tracks could be completely separate, with no points anywhere. When the Subway first opened, single-carriage four axle trains were operated, late in the evening on the opening day, after 11pm, one car laden with 60 passengers was run into by another under the River Clyde. Four people were injured, one being taken to the infirmary and this entailed the closure of the Subway until 19 January 1897. The 20 original wooden bodied carriages were built by the Oldbury Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, of Oldbury, many continued in service until 1977 in an upgraded form. A further 10 were delivered by the manufacturer in 1897
