1.
The Monk
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The Monk, A Romance is a Gothic novel by Matthew Gregory Lewis, published in 1796. A quickly written book from early in Lewiss career, it was published before he turned twenty and its convoluted and scandalous plot has made it one of the most important Gothic novels of its time, often imitated and adapted for the stage and the screen. Agnes is Don Lorenzos younger sister and Don Raymonds lover and her mother fell ill while pregnant with Agnes and promised to send Agnes to the convent if she delivered her safely. She is a young lady who intends to marry Don Raymond but her parents want her to become a nun. Their plans are foiled and, thinking Don Raymond has abandoned her forever, Ambrosio is an extremely devout monk about 30 years old. He was found left at the Abbey doorstep when he was too young to tell his tale, the monks consider him a present from the Virgin Mary and they educate him at the monastery. Antonia is a timid and innocent girl of 15 and she was brought up in an old castle in Murcia with only her mother Elvira and is therefore very sheltered. She is the object of Don Lorenzos attentions, the novels evil characters are considered to be better written than the virtuous ones, and Antonias character is so virtuous that some have found her “deadly dull”. Baptiste is a living outside of Strausbourg. He lets travelers stay in his house so that he may rob and his two sons by a previous wife, Jacques and Robert, assist him to this end. He then forced Marguerite to marry him, Marguerite, however, is disgusted by his life of crime. Cunegonda An old nun who is held by Don Raymond to prevent her telling of his elopement with Agnes. Elvira is the mother of Antonia and Ambrosio and she married a young nobleman in secret. His family does not approve of her and because of this she and her escape to the Indies. After 13 years, when Antonia is very young, her husband dies, Leonella is Elviras sister and Antonias spinster aunt. She takes a dislike to Ambrosio after hearing his sermon. She believes Don Christovals polite attentions are more significant than they actually are and is hurt when he fails to call at her house and she eventually marries a younger man and lives in Cordova. Don Lorenzo de Medina is Agness older brother and friend of Don Raymond, immediately intrigued by Antonia after meeting her at Ambrosios sermon, Don Lorenzo resolves to marry her
2.
Matthew Lewis (writer)
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Matthew Gregory Lewis was an English novelist and dramatist, often referred to as Monk Lewis, because of the success of his 1796 Gothic novel, The Monk. Lewis was the child of Matthew and Frances Maria Sewell Lewis. His father, Matthew Lewis, was the son of William Lewis and he attended Westminster School before proceeding to Christ Church, Oxford, where he received his bachelors degree in 1769 and his master’s in 1772. That same year, he was appointed as the Chief Clerk in the War Office, the following year, Lewis married Frances Maria Sewell, a young woman who was very popular at court. She was the daughter born to Sir Thomas Sewell and was one of eight children born in his first marriage. Her family, like Lewis’, had connections with Jamaica, as a child, she spent her time in Ottershaw. In December 1775, in addition to his post as the Chief Clerk in the War Office, with one exception, he was the first to hold both positions at that same time. Lewis owned considerable property in Jamaica, within four miles of Savanna-la-Mer, or Savanna-la-Mar and his son would later inherit this property. In addition to Matthew Gregory Lewis, Matthew and Frances had three children, Maria, Barrington, and Sophia Elizabeth. On 23 July 1781, when Matthew was six and his youngest sister was one, during their estrangement, Frances lived under a different name, Langley, in order to hide her location from her husband. He still, however, knew her whereabouts, on 3 July 1782, Frances gave birth to a child. That same day, hearing of the birth, her husband returned. Afterwards, he began to arrange a legal separation from his wife, however, as these bills were rarely granted, it was rejected when brought to a vote. Consequently, Matthew and Frances remained married until his death in 1818, Frances, though withdrawing from society and temporarily moving to France, was always supported financially by her husband and then later, her son. She later returned to London and then finished her days at Leatherhead, rejoining society. Frances and her son remained quite close, with her taking on the responsibility of helping him with his literary career and she even became a published author, much to her son’s dislike. Matthew Gregory Lewis began his education at a school under Reverend Dr John Fountain. Fountain was a friend of both the Lewis and Sewell families, there Lewis learned Latin, Greek, French, writing, arithmetic, drawing, dancing, and fencing
3.
Vincent Cassel
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Vincent Cassel is a French actor best known to English-speaking audiences through his film performances in Oceans Twelve and Oceans Thirteen, as well as Black Swan. Cassel is also renowned for playing the infamous French bank-robber Jacques Mesrine in Mesrine, Killer Instinct and Mesrine, Cassel was born on 23 November 1966 in Paris, France, to Sabine Litique, and French actor Jean-Pierre Cassel. Cassels brother, Mathias, is a rapper with the group Assassin under the name Rockin Squat and his half-sister, Cécile Cassel, is an actress. Cassels breakthrough role was in Mathieu Kassovitzs critically acclaimed film La Haine where he played a youth from the deprived outskirts of Paris. In 2006, he appeared in Sheitan, in which he played a shepherd who carries out satanic rituals, in 2008, he appeared in two movies about Jacques Mesrine, who was Frances public enemy number one in the seventies. Cassel received the 2009 Cesar award for best actor for his performance in Mesrine directed by Jean-Francois Richet, an early appearance on British television was as Nicoles boyfriend in the 1994 Renault Clio advert which was used in the UK. In October 2008, Cassel was signed to be the face of a new Yves Saint Laurent mens fragrance, the new fragrance, La Nuit de lHomme, was launched worldwide in March 2009. In 2009, he made his debut as a singer on Zap Mamas album ReCreation, singing alongside them on the singles Paroles, Paroles and he played Thomas Leroy in Darren Aronofskys critically acclaimed Black Swan, alongside Natalie Portman and Mila Kunis. He will play Zumi in Rupert Sanderss samurai adventure fantasy film The Lost Sea Horizon, opposite Sandra Bullock, Cassel met Italian actress Monica Bellucci on the set of their 1996 film The Apartment. They married in 1999, and have two daughters, Deva and Léonie, Cassel and Bellucci announced their divorce on 26 August 2013. Cassel has a passion for the art of capoeira and displayed his talent in the movie Oceans Twelve. He also trains in wing chun, since 2013, Cassel lives in Rio de Janeiro, initially in Arpoador and after their divorce, in Morro do Vidigal. He is known for having great identification with Brazil, being a specialist in capoeira, besides his native French, Cassel speaks English, Portuguese, Italian and basic conversational Russian which he learned for his role in Eastern Promises. Vincent Cassels Films at subtitledonline. com Vincent Cassel at the Internet Movie Database CNN interview with Vincent Cassel
4.
Catherine Mouchet
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Catherine Mouchet is a French actress. She studied at the Conservatoire de Paris, following the courses of Jacques Lassalle and her performance in the film Thérèse, directed by Alain Cavalier, won her the César Award for Most Promising Actress for 1987. Having been acclaimed for her appearance in Thérèse, she appeared in Claude Gorettas Si le soleil ne revenait pas in 1987. She appeared in works by Luigi Pirandello, and Alfred de Musset, amongst others and she returned to the screen in Jean-Pierre Mockys Bonsoir 1993, and in Louis and Xavier Bachelots short film La Plante. On television she appeared in the saga Jalna, directed by Philippe Monnier from the books of Mazo de la Roche and she then studied for a degree in philosophy. She returned to the screen and played supporting roles in two Olivier Assayas films, Fin août, début septembre and Les Destinées sentimentales and she played a prostitute in Patrice Lecontes Rue des Plaisirs. She continues to appear in a variety of roles in both auteur films and popular comedies, and for both first time directors and established talents
5.
Alberto Iglesias
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Alberto Iglesias Fernández-Berridi is a Spanish composer. He has written the music for several Spanish films, mostly from Pedro Almodóvar and he has been nominated for an Academy Award for his work in the films The Constant Gardener, The Kite Runner and again for Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy. His other film credits include soundtracks for Steven Soderberghs Che. alberto Iglesias Fernández-Berridi was born in 1955 in San Sebastián. Iglesias has composed a number of scores from films directed by Pedro Almodóvar, such as The Flower of My Secret, Live Flesh, All About My Mother, Talk to Her, Bad Education and Volver. In addition, Iglesias also scored the music for the 2001 film, Sex and Lucia and he has also scored the music for Oliver Stones documentary, Comandante. Iglesias garnered his first Oscar nomination for his score in Fernando Meirelless film adaptation of The Constant Gardener, Iglesias also composed the score for The Kite Runner, based on Khaled Hosseinis 2003 novel of the same name. He earned his second Oscar nomination for that score, in 2008, Iglesias composed Steven Soderberghs 2008 two part biopic, Che, starring Benecio Del Toro as Che Guevara. The next year, Iglesias continued to collaborate with Almodóvar with Broken Embraces, in 2011, Iglesias reunited with Almodóvar with The Skin I Live In. That same year, Iglesias composed the music for Tomas Alfredsons film adaptation of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, Iglesias told the Los Angeles Times, explained to me very well what this film is about. Its a film about loyalties and human relationships and their spies are victims of this moment. That was the most important thing he told me, the film and the music show the more human side. He received his third Oscar nomination for the latter film, Iglesias was the brother-in-law of the late Spanish sculptor, Juan Muñoz
6.
Thriller-drama film
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Thriller film, also known as suspense film or suspense thriller, is a film genre that falls under the general thriller genre. The thriller films key characteristics are excitement and suspense, the suspense element, found in most films plots, is particularly exploited by the filmmaker in this genre. Tension is created by delaying what the audience sees as inevitable, a strict definition of the thriller film is that the films overarching goal is to build tension in audiences as the film approaches its climax. Tension is built through situations that are menacing or where escape seems impossible, Life is typically threatened in thriller film, such as when the protagonist does not realize entering a dangerous situation. Thriller films characters conflict with other or with an outside force. Thriller films are typically hybridized with other genres, there exist adventure thrillers, science fiction thrillers, Western thrillers, Thriller films also share a close relationship with horror films, both eliciting tension. In plots about crime, thriller films focus less on the criminal or the detective, common themes include terrorism, political conspiracy, pursuit, or romantic triangles leading to murder. Alfred Hitchcocks first thriller was his silent film, The Lodger. His next thriller was Blackmail, his and Britains first sound film and his notable thrillers in the 1930s include The Man Who Knew Too Much and The 39 Steps. 326 —this film would be an inspiration for the future James Bond films, the German film M, directed by Fritz Lang, starred Peter Lorre as a criminal deviant who preys on children. Hitchcock continued his suspense-thrillers, directing Foreign Correspondent, the Oscar-winning Rebecca, Suspicion, Saboteur and Shadow of a Doubt, notable non-Hitchcock films of the 1940s include The Spiral Staircase and Sorry, Wrong Number. In the 1950s, Hitchcock added technicolor to his thrillers, now with exotic locales and he reached the zenith of his career with a succession of classic films such as, Strangers on a Train, Dial M For Murder with Ray Milland, Rear Window and Vertigo. Non-Hitchcock thrillers of the 1950s include The Night of the Hunter —Charles Laughtons only film as director—and Orson Welless crime thriller Touch of Evil, director Michael Powells Peeping Tom featured Carl Boehm as a psychopathic cameraman. After Hitchcocks classic films of the 1950s, he produced Psycho about a lonely, mother-fixated motel owner, J. Lee Thompsons Cape Fear, with Robert Mitchum, had a menacing ex-con seeking revenge. A famous thriller at the time of its release was Wait Until Dark by director Terence Young, john Boormans Deliverance followed the perilous fate of four Southern businessmen during a weekends trip. In Francis Ford Coppolas The Conversation, a bugging-device expert systematically uncovered a covert murder while he himself was being spied upon, Peter Hyams science fiction thriller Capricorn One proposed a government conspiracy to fake the first mission to Mars. His notable films include Sisters, Obsession, which was inspired by Vertigo, Dressed to Kill. Other films include Curtis Hansons The Hand That Rocks the Cradle and Unlawful Entry, detectives/FBI agents hunting down a serial killer was another popular motif in the 90s
7.
Girona
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It is the capital of the province of the same name and of the comarca of the Gironès. It is located 99 km northeast of Barcelona, Girona is one of the major Catalan cities. The first historical inhabitants in the region were Iberians, Girona is the ancient Gerunda, later, the Romans built a citadel there, which was given the name of Gerunda. The Visigoths ruled in Girona until it was conquered by the Moors in 715, finally, Charlemagne reconquered it in 785 and made it one of the fourteen original counties of Catalonia. It was wrested temporarily from the Moors, who recaptured it in 793, from this time until the moors were finally driven out,1015, the city repeatedly changed hands and was sacked several times by the moors. Wilfred the Hairy incorporated Girona into the County of Barcelona in 878, Alfonso I of Aragón declared Girona a city in the 11th century. The ancient county later became a duchy when King Pero III of Aragon gave the title of Duke to his first-born son, in 1414, King Ferrando I in turn gave the title of prince of Girona to his first-born son, Alfonso. The title is currently carried by Princess Leonor of Asturias, the second since the 16th century to do so, the 12th century saw the Jewish community of Girona flourish, having one of the most important Kabbalistic schools in Europe. The Rabbi of Girona, Moshe ben Nahman Gerondi was appointed Great Rabbi of Catalonia, the presence of the Jewish community of Girona came to an end in 1492, when the Catholic Monarchs expelled all the Jews from Catalonia. Today, the Jewish ghetto or Call is one of the best preserved in Europe and is a major tourist attraction, on the north side of the old city is the Montjuic, where an important religious cemetery was located. Girona has undergone twenty-five sieges and been captured seven times and it was besieged by the French royal armies under Charles de Monchy dHocquincourt in 1653, under Bernardin Gigault de Bellefonds in 1684, and twice in 1694 under Anne Jules de Noailles. Finally, the French conquered the city in 1809, after 7 months of siege, Girona was center of the Ter department during the French rule, which lasted from 1809 to 1813. The defensive city walls were demolished at the end of the 19th century to allow for the expansion of the city, in recent years, the missing parts of the city walls on the eastern side of the city have been reconstructed. Called the Passeig de la Muralla it now forms a tourist route around the old city, in the Köppen climate classification, Girona has a humid subtropical climate, with cool winters and hot summers. In winter, temperatures can drop to below −3 °C, in summer, temperatures often soar to 30–35 °C. Although rainfall is spread throughout the year, it is more common in spring. Girona is a destination for tourists and Barcelona day-trippers - the train journey from Barcelona Sants to Girona takes approximately forty minutes on express trains. The old town stands on the hill of the Capuchins to the east of the river Onyar
8.
Burgos
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Burgos is a city in northern Spain and the historic capital of Castile. It is situated on the confluence of the Arlanzón river tributaries and it has about 180,000 inhabitants in the actual city and another 20,000 in the metropolitan area. It is the capital of the province of Burgos, in the community of Castile. A large number of churches, palaces and other buildings from the medieval age remain, the city is surrounded by the Fuentes Blancas and the Paseo de la Isla parks. The city forms the principal crossroad of northern Spain along the Camino de Santiago and it has a well-developed transportation system, forming the main communication node in northern Spain. In 2008, the international Burgos Airport started to offer commercial flights, furthermore, AVE high speed trains are planned to start service in the near future, stopping at the newly-built Rosa de Lima train station. The Museum of Human Evolution was opened in 2010, unique in its kind across the world, the museum features the first Europeans, which lived in this area 800,000 years ago. Burgos was selected as the Spanish Gastronomy Capital of 2013, there are several possible origins for the toponymy. When the city was founded, the inhabitants of the country moved into the fortified village. The city began to be called Caput Castellae, early humans occupied sites around Burgos as early as 800,000 years ago. When the Romans took possession of what is now the province of Burgos, in Roman times, it belonged to Hispania Citerior and then to Hispania Tarraconensis. The region came to be known as Castile, i. e. land of castles, the city began to be called Caput Castellae. The county of Burgos, subject to the Kings of León, continued to be governed by counts and was extended, one of these counts, Fernán González. In the 11th century, the city became the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Burgos, throughout the 13th and 14th centuries, Burgos was a favourite seat of the kings of León and Castile and a favoured burial site. In 1285, Sancho IV added a new body to the consejo which came to dominate it, the jurado in charge of collecting taxes and overseeing public works, the alguacil was the royal official instituted to judge disagreements. On 9 June 1345, sweeping aside the city government, Alfonso XI established direct rule of Burgos through the Regimiento of sixteen appointed men. In 1574, Pope Gregory XIII made the bishopric a Metropolitan archbishorpic, Burgos has been the scene of many wars, with the Moors, the struggles between León and Navarre, and between Castile and Aragon. In the Peninsular War against Napoleonic France, the siege of Burgos was a scene of a withdrawal for Arthur Wellesley, again in the 19th-century Carlist civil wars of the Spanish succession Burgos was the scene of a battle
9.
Centipede
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Centipedes are arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda of the subphylum Myriapoda. They are elongated metameric creatures with one pair of legs per body segment, Centipedes are known to be highly venomous, and often inject paralyzing venom. Despite the name, centipedes can have a number of legs. Centipedes always have an odd number of pairs of legs, therefore, no centipede has exactly 100 legs. A key trait uniting this group is a pair of claws or forcipules formed from a modified first appendage. Their size can range from a few millimetres in the smaller lithobiomorphs and geophilomorphs to about 30 cm in the largest scolopendromorphs, Centipedes can be found in a wide variety of environments. They normally have a drab coloration combining shades of brown and red, cavernicolous and subterranean species may lack pigmentation, and many tropical scolopendromorphs have bright aposematic colours. Worldwide, an estimated 8,000 species of centipedes are thought to exist, Centipedes have a wide geographical range, where they even reach beyond the Arctic Circle. They are found in an array of habitats from tropical rainforests to deserts. Within these habitats, centipedes require a moist microhabitat because they lack the waxy cuticle of insects and arachnids, accordingly, they are found in soil and leaf litter, under stones and dead wood, and inside logs. Centipedes are among the largest terrestrial predators, and often contribute significantly to the invertebrate predatory biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Only one species, Scolopendra cataracta, is known to be amphibious and is believed to hunt aquatic or amphibious invertebrates, Centipedes have a rounded or flattened head, bearing a pair of antennae at the forward margin. They have a pair of elongated mandibles, and two pairs of maxillae, the first pair of maxillae form the lower lip, and bear short palps. The first pair of limbs stretch forward from the body to cover the remainder of the mouth and these limbs, or maxillipeds, end in sharp claws and include venom glands that help the animal to kill or paralyze its prey. Many species of centipedes lack eyes, but some possess a number of ocelli. However, these eyes are capable of discerning light and dark. In some species, the first pair of legs at the end of the centipede acts as sense organs similar to antennae. Unusual sense organs found in groups are the organs of Tömösváry
10.
Seduction
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Strategies of seduction include, conversation and sexual scripts, paralingual features, non-verbal communication and short term behavioural strategies. The word seduction stems from Latin and means literally leading astray, as a result, the term may have a positive or negative connotation. Famous seducers from history or legend include Lilith, Giacomo Casanova, the emergence of the Internet and technology has supported the availability and the existence of a seduction community, which is based on discourse about seduction. This is predominately by pickup artists, Seduction is also used within marketing to increase compliance and willingness. Seduction is a motif in history and fiction, both as a warning of the social consequences of engaging in the behaviour or becoming its victim. In the Bible, Eve offers the forbidden fruit to Adam, Eve herself was verbally seduced by the serpent, believed in Christianity to be Satan, later, Chapter 7 of Proverbs warns of the pitfalls of seduction. Sirens of Greek mythology lured sailors to their death by singing them to shipwreck, famous male seducers, their names synonymous with sexual allure, range from Genji to James Bond. If her father refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins. The Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament describes King David seducing Bathsheba, King David has sexual relations with this woman, and then sends her husband to the front lines of battle with near certainty of death. Once Uriah is dead, King David takes Bathsheba as his wife, males and females both implement the strategy of seduction as a method of negotiating their sexual relationships. This can often involve manipulation of other individuals and this is primarily based on desire, normally physical, as well as attraction towards them. Popular phrases often used include, ‘the language of love is universal’ and these phrases help to demonstrate the extensively pervasive and ubiquitous strategy use within love and relationships amongst humans. Research has indicated that seduction could substitute or equate to a form of collapsed or condensed courtship, evolutionary psychology suggests that this form of sexual enticement can be used in order to cajole desired individuals to engage in sexual intercourse and ultimately reproduce. This behaviour is also aimed at persuading someone to develop a short-term or long-term sexual relationship with them, males declare that they adopt the strategy of seduction statistically more frequently than females. From an evolutionary perspective this is due to higher parental investment. Females therefore need to be seduced more prior to engaging in sexual intercourse, men more commonly wish to engage in more frequent short-term mating, which may require this strategy of seduction used to access the female for intercourse. However, this finding has been contradicted by non-verbal seduction results which indicate that females have more control within this area, other potential strategies individuals employ to gain access to a mate include courting or having relatives select mates for socioeconomic reasons. Ultimately, both males and females have reported preferring seduction above all other strategies, such as the use power or aggression, Seduction is related to human mate poaching
11.
Inquisition
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The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. It started in 12th-century France to combat religious sectarianism, in particular the Cathars, other groups investigated later included the Spiritual Franciscans, the Hussites and Beguines. Beginning in the 1250s, inquisitors were generally chosen from members of the Dominican Order, the term Medieval Inquisition covers these courts up to mid-15th century. During the Late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, the concept and scope of the Inquisition significantly expanded in response to the Protestant Reformation and it expanded to other European countries, resulting in the Spanish Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition. The Spanish and Portuguese operated inquisitorial courts throughout their empires in Africa, Asia, the institution survived as part of the Roman Curia, but in 1908 was given the new name of Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office. In 1965 it became the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the term Inquisition comes from Medieval Latin inquisitio, which referred to any court process that was based on Roman law, which had gradually come back into usage in the late medieval period. Today, the English term Inquisition can apply to any one of several institutions that worked against heretics within the system of the Roman Catholic Church. He Inquisition, as a church-court, had no jurisdiction over Moors, generally, the Inquisition was concerned only with the heretical behaviour of Catholic adherents or converts. The overwhelming majority of sentences seem to have consisted of penances like wearing a cross sewn on ones clothes, going on pilgrimage, etc. The laws were inclusive of proscriptions against certain religious crimes, thus the inquisitors generally knew what would be the fate of anyone so remanded, and cannot be considered to have divorced the means of determining guilt from its effects. The 1578 edition of the Directorium Inquisitorum spelled out the purpose of inquisitorial penalties, quoniam punitio non refertur primo & per se in correctionem & bonum eius qui punitur, sed in bonum publicum ut alij terreantur, & a malis committendis avocentur. Such punishments had a number of opponents, although some countries punished heresy with the death penalty. In the 12th century, to counter the spread of Catharism, the Church charged councils composed of bishops and archbishops with establishing inquisitions. The first Inquisition was temporarily established in Languedoc in 1184, the murder of Pope Innocents papal legate Pierre de Castelnau in 1208 sparked the Albigensian Crusade. The Inquisition was permanently established in 1229, run largely by the Dominicans in Rome, historians use the term Medieval Inquisition to describe the various inquisitions that started around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition and later the Papal Inquisition. Other Inquisitions followed after these first inquisition movements, by 1256 inquisitors were given absolution if they used instruments of torture. In the 13th century, Pope Gregory IX assigned the duty of carrying out inquisitions to the Dominican Order, Most inquisitors were friars who taught theology and/or law in the universities. They used inquisitorial procedures, a legal practice adapted from the earlier Ancient Roman court procedures
12.
Satan
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Satan is a figure appearing in the texts of the Abrahamic religions who brings evil and temptation, and is known as the deceiver who leads humanity astray. In the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, Satan is primarily an accuser and adversary, a malevolent entity, also called the devil. Although Satan is generally viewed as having negative characteristics, some groups have different beliefs. In Theistic Satanism, Satan is considered a deity who is either worshipped or revered, in LaVeyan Satanism, Satan is a symbol of virtuous characteristics and liberty. The original Hebrew term satan is a noun from a verb meaning primarily to obstruct, oppose, as it is found in Numbers 22,22,1 Samuel 29,4, ha-Satan is traditionally translated as the accuser or the adversary. The definite article ha- is used to show that this is a title bestowed on a being, thus, this being would be referred to as the satan. Ha-Satan with the definite article occurs 13 times in the Masoretic Text, in two books of the Hebrew Bible, Job ch. 1–2 and Zechariah 3, 1–2. 32 behold, I went out to thee,1 Samuel 29,4 The Philistines say, lest he be an adversary against us 2 Samuel 19,22 David says. 1 Kings 5,4 Solomon writes to Hiram, there is neither adversary nor evil occurrent, when the angels present themselves to God, Satan comes as well. God informs Satan about Jobs blameless, morally upright character, God therefore gives Satan permission to test Job. In the end, Job remains faithful and righteous, and there is the implication that Satan is shamed in his defeat, some scholars see contact with religious dualism in Babylon, and early Zoroastrianism in particular, as influencing Second Temple Judaism, and consequently early Christianity. Subsequent development of Satan as a deceiver has parallels with the spirit in Zoroastrianism, known as the Lie. In the Septuagint, the Hebrew ha-Satan in Job and Zechariah is translated by the Greek word diabolos, the Book of Enoch contains references to Satariel, thought also to be Sataniel and Satanel. The similar spellings mirror that of his angelic brethren Michael, Raphael, Uriel, the Second Book of Enoch, also called the Slavonic Book of Enoch, contains references to a Watcher called Satanael. It is a text of an uncertain date and unknown authorship. The text describes Satanael as being the prince of the Grigori who was cast out of heaven, a similar story is found in the book of 1 Enoch, however, in that book, the leader of the Grigori is called Semjâzâ. In the Book of Wisdom, the devil is represented as the being who brought death into the world, in the Book of Jubilees, Mastema induces God to test Abraham through the sacrifice of Isaac. He is identical to Satan in both name and nature, in Judaism, the term satan used since its earliest biblical contexts to refer to a human opponent
13.
Jordi Dauder
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Jordi Dauder i Guardiola was a Spanish actor. Dauder was an actor with a prolific career that includes over a hundred films, plays. Dauder was born in Barcelona, Spain, after graduating in Arts at the University of Barcelona and History at the University of Paris, where he had to emigrate for political reasons. They began taking their first steps into the theater as well as participating in social movements that would provide the French revolution of May 1968. Dauder is one of the side of Spanish cinema forever and participated in La flaqueza del Bolchevique, of Martin Cuenca, Amor idiota, of Ventura Pons, in Azaña, of Santiago San Miguel, he played President of the Second Spanish Republic Manuel Azaña. On television, one of his most recent roles he has played in the series for TV3 Nissaga de poder. Catalan was also an actor, voice-dubbing Gregory Peck or Nick Nolte, among others, as well as a writer, author of the novels and short stories, in 2008, he received the Creu de Sant Jordi. He died in Madrid on September 16,2011
14.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
15.
Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a color of Green, Yellow or Red summarizes the critics recommendations and therefore the general appeal of the product to reviewers and, to a lesser extent, the public. It is regarded as the game industrys foremost review aggregator. Metacritics scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to the critics fame, stature, and volume of reviews. Metacritic was launched in July 1999 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media. They sold Metacritic to CNET in 2005, CNET and Metacritic are now owned by the CBS Corporation. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote in September 2004, Mr. Doyle,36, is now a product manager at CNET. Speaking of video games, Doyle said, A site like ours helps people cut through. unobjective promotional language and he added that the review process was not taken as seriously when unconnected magazines and websites provided reviews in isolation. In August 2010, the appearance was revamped, reaction from users was overwhelmingly negative. Certain publications are given more significance because of their stature, games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to get a look behind the metascoring process. Stuart wrote, the phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years. The ranging of metascores is, Metacritic is regarded as the foremost online review site for the video game industry. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal has written that Metacritic influence the sales of games and he explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores can hurt the sales potential. He claimed that a number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as an early indicator of a games potential sales and, by extension. In 2004, Jason Hall of Warner Bros. began including quality metrics in contracts with partners licensing its movies for games, if a product does not at least achieve a specific score, some deals require the publisher to pay higher royalties. In 2008, Microsoft began using Metacritic averages to de-list underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games and these are the top 10 individual games with the highest scores on the site as of 2 April 2017
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IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
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Harry, He's Here to Help
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Harry, Hes Here to Help is a French film released in 2000. It was directed by Dominik Moll, middle-class couple Michel and Claire have a chance meeting with Harry, a high school acquaintance of Michels. Starting with that meeting, Harry, traveling with his girlfriend Plum, becomes obsessed with Michel and Claire and begins to have a profound, review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives it a 96% approval rating, based on 90 reviews, with an average score of 7. 5/10. The sites consensus reads, A darkly funny thriller thats reminiscent of Hitchcock, at Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 75, based on 28 reviews, indicating generally favorable reviews. The film won several César Awards including for Best Actor, Best Director and it was nominated for the Palme dOr at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. Harry, Hes Here to Help at the Internet Movie Database Harry, Hes Here to Help at AllMovie
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Lemming (film)
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Lemming is a 2005 French psychological thriller film directed by Dominik Moll and starring André Dussollier, Charlotte Rampling, Charlotte Gainsbourg and Laurent Lucas. It was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival, Alain Getty is a Home Automation Engineer who accepts a job in the south of France to work on a small camera drone in a technology company owned by Richard Pollock. With his wife Bénédicte, a pharmaceutical sales representative and now a housewife. After three months, Richard invites himself and his wife Alice to dinner at Alains house and they arrive late and create a scene with their marital problems and Alice is despicably rude to Bénédicte. Things go downhill from there, beginning with Alains discovery of an unconscious rodent lodged in the S-bend of the kitchen sink, when Alain pulls the animal out of the S-bend, it seems lifeless, but revives later. Bénédicte takes it to a veterinarian, who identifies it with surprise as a lemming. The next evening Alice visits Alain, who is working late and she tells him that Richard had once tried to kill her and that the only reason she was still with him is her desire to see him die. She then attempts to seduce the much younger Alain, who resists her advances, Alain doesnt tell Bénédicte about the incident. Alice turns up at the Gettys house in the day time, Alice alludes to having had sex with Alain, then says she feels tired. Bénédicte shows her the guest bedroom, where she creates a mess, Bénédicte feels a strange urge to spend the night in the guestroom where Alice committed suicide. Despire Alices death, Richard and Alain go on a trip to Biarritz the next day. On the drive there, Alain asks Richard if it was true that he had attempted to kill his wife, in return, Richard asks Alain if he and Alice had sex, which he denies. In the evening, Alain calls Bénédicte, who at first doesnt answer the phone, worried by his wifes behaviour, Alain decides to drive home immediately, although it is late and he is tired. Upon his arrival, he finds Bénédicte fast asleep and is unable to wake her and he hears strange noises coming from the kitchen, discovers it is full of lemmings, and faints. Alain wakes up in a hospital, he had had an accident after falling asleep at the wheel, upon Alains release from hospital, he and Bénédicte spend some time at Richards idyllic lakeside holiday chalet. Bénédictes behaviour continues to be cold and arrogant. Bénédicte asks Alain why he hadnt told her about Alices attempt to seduce him, strangely, Bénédicte recites the exact words Alice had used on that night, although she couldnt have possibly known them. She even asks Alain to call her Alice, the couple have sex and Alain falls asleep
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