1.
The New Leader (album)
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The New Leader is the first solo album from DJ Starscream. This album contains most of his Remix work with fellow N20 artists Rob Gee and it was released on 22 June 2006 in Japan, and the US release date being 29 August 2006. The song Twinpusher is a based on Aphex Twin and Squarepusher. The title of the album references a line said by the Decepticon Starscream from the Transformers movie
2.
James Oneal
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James J. Oneal was born March 13,1875 in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of an iron worker. Upon the death of his father, Oneal was forced to leave school to go to work in a mill to help support his family. Oneal attended public school only to the 6th grade, relying instead upon self-education, Debs shortly after its founding in 1897. Long a resident of Terre Haute, Indiana, Oneal was a personal friend of his neighbor Debs. Oneal was a delegate to the 1900 convention of the SDP and he was also elected as the first State Secretary of the Socialist Party of Indiana, state affiliate of the SPA, shortly after establishment of the new party. The following year Oneal was elected to the governing National Committee of the SPA as the representative of the Socialist Party of Indiana, in 1903, Oneal moved to Omaha and went to work in the partys National Office as an assistant to Executive Secretary William Mailly. He continued in that role until 1905, at time he left to become the Associate Editor of the New York Worker, forerunner of the great Socialist daily. After leaving the Worker in 1908, Oneal returned home to Indiana, by 1915, Oneal had relocated again, this time to Massachusetts, where he was elected State Secretary of that party in 1915, continuing in that post until 1917. Oneal also ran for office on the Socialist ticket, standing for President of the Brooklyn Board of Aldermen in 1919, oneals main occupation in these years was that of Socialist journalist. From 1918 until the end of the publication in 1923, Oneal was the writer for the SPA daily. After the demise of the daily Call, Oneal was instrumental in starting its weekly successor, The New Leader, the inner-party political situation during the war years has long been caricatured as a struggle between an ultra-revolutionary Left Wing and a conservative Right Wing. In actuality, the views within the partys so-called Right Wing were more akin to a rainbow than a dichotomy. Katterfeld and the Communist Party of America headed by C. E. Ruthenberg, in 1934, Oneal played a role as a prominent member of the so-called Old Guard faction, which opposed the new Declaration of Principles passed by the partys Detroit Convention of 1934. Oneal raised funds to publish a pamphlet, issued under his own name in 1934. Oneals pamphlet included a coupon which readers could tear out, fill in, the coupons accumulated doubtlessly proved invaluable as the Old Guard faction left the SP to establish itself as the Social Democratic Federation of America. The Old Guard-dominated Socialist Party of New York was expelled en bloc by the National Executive Committee of the SPA in 1936 and Oneal and The New Leader followed. A national convention to establish the SDF was scheduled for the end of May 1937. The relationship between the New Leader staff and the SDF political leadership was never completely cordial because of differing opinions as to editorial policy
3.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
4.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
5.
Magazine
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A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published. Magazines are generally published on a schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a price, by prepaid subscriptions. At its root, the magazine refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles and this explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and, in French, retail stores such as department stores. By definition, a magazine paginates with each issue starting at three, with the standard sizing being 8 3/8 ×10 7/8 inches. However, in the sense a journal has continuous pagination throughout a volume. Some professional or trade publications are also peer-reviewed, an example being the Journal of Accountancy, academic or professional publications that are not peer-reviewed are generally professional magazines. That a publication calls itself a journal does not make it a journal in the technical sense, magazines can be distributed through the mail, through sales by newsstands, bookstores, or other vendors, or through free distribution at selected pick-up locations. The subscription business models for distribution fall into three main categories. In this model, the magazine is sold to readers for a price, either on a basis or by subscription. Paid circulation allows for defined readership statistics and this means that there is no cover price and issues are given away, for example in street dispensers, airline, or included with other products or publications. Because this model involves giving issues away to unspecific populations, the statistics only entail the number of issues distributed and this is the model used by many trade magazines distributed only to qualifying readers, often for free and determined by some form of survey. This allows a level of certainty that advertisements will be received by the advertisers target audience. This latter model was used before the rise of the World Wide Web and is still employed by some titles. For example, in the United Kingdom, a number of computer-industry magazines use this model, including Computer Weekly and Computing, for the global media industry, an example would be VideoAge International. The earliest example of magazines was Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen, a literary and philosophy magazine, the Gentlemans Magazine, first published in 1731, in London was the first general-interest magazine. Edward Cave, who edited The Gentlemans Magazine under the pen name Sylvanus Urban, was the first to use the term magazine, founded by Herbert Ingram in 1842, The Illustrated London News was the first illustrated magazine
6.
Socialist Party of America
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In the first decades of the 20th century, it drew significant support from many different groups, including trade unionists, progressive social reformers, populist farmers, and immigrants. However it refused to form coalitions with other parties, or even to allow its members to vote for other parties, the partys staunch opposition to American involvement in World War I, although welcomed by many, also led to prominent defections, official repression and vigilante persecution. After endorsing Robert La Follette Sr. s presidential campaign in 1924 and it had modest growth in the early 1930s behind presidential candidate Norman Thomas. While the party was always strongly anti-Fascist, as well as anti-Stalinist, the party stopped running presidential candidates after 1956, when its nominee Darlington Hoopes won fewer than 6,000 votes. In 1970–1973, these differences had become so acute that the Socialist Party changed its name to Social Democrats. Leaders of two of its caucuses formed separate socialist organizations, the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee and the Socialist Party USA, from 1901 to the onset of World War I, the Socialist Party had numerous elected officials throughout the United States. There were two Socialist members of Congress, Meyer London of New York City and Victor Berger of Milwaukee, over 70 mayors and its voting strength was greatest among recent Jewish, Finnish and German immigrants, coal miners, and former Populist farmers in the Midwest. From 1900 to 1912, the Socialist Party ran Eugene Debs for president at each election, the best showing ever for a Socialist ticket was in 1912, when Debs gained 901,551 total votes, or 6% of the popular vote. In 1920 Debs ran again, this time imprisoned for opposing World War I. Debs, on the wing of the party. The party outsourced its newspapers and publications so that it would not have an editorial board that was a power in its own right. The Appeal to Reason newspaper thus became part of its radical left-wing, kerr Publishing Company of Chicago, which produced over half of the pamphlets and books that were sold at party meetings. The party had a tense and complicated relationship with the American Federation of Labor, many moderate Socialists, such as Victor Berger and International Typographical Union President Max S. Hayes, urged close cooperation with the American Federation of Labor and its member unions. In 1911, IWW leader William Big Bill Haywood was elected to the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party, Hillquit replied that he had no new message rather than to reiterate a belief in a two-sided workers movement, with separate and equal political and trade union arms. A mere change of structural forms would not revolutionize the American labor movement as claimed by our extreme industrialists, the memory of this split made the intra-party battles of 1919-1921 all the more bitter. The partys opposition to World War I caused a decline in membership. An increase in the membership of its language federations from areas involved in the Bolshevik Revolution proved illusory, since these members were soon lost to the Communist Party. The party also lost some of its most prominent members, who had been in favor of Americas entry into World War I, including Walter Lippmann, John Spargo, phelps Stokes, and William English Walling
7.
Eugene V. Debs
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Through his presidential candidacies, as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. Early in his career, Debs was a member of the Democratic Party. He was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly in 1884, after workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company organized a wildcat strike over pay cuts in the summer of 1894, Debs signed many into the ARU. To keep the running, President Grover Cleveland used the United States Army to break the strike. As a leader of the ARU, Debs was convicted of charges for defying a court injunction against the strike. In jail, Debs read various works of socialist theory and emerged six months later as an adherent of the international socialist movement. Debs was a member of the Social Democracy of America, the Social Democratic Party of America. Debs ran as a Socialist candidate for President of the United States five times, including 1900,1904,1908,1912, and 1920 and he was also a candidate for United States Congress from his native state Indiana in 1916. Debs was noted for his oratory, and his speech denouncing American participation in World War I led to his second arrest in 1918 and he was convicted under the Sedition Act of 1918 and sentenced to a term of 10 years. President Warren G. Harding commuted his sentence in December 1921, Debs died in 1926, not long after being admitted to a sanatorium due to cardiovascular problems that developed during his time in prison. He has since cited as the inspiration for numerous politicians. Eugene Debs was born on November 5,1855, in Terre Haute, Indiana, to Jean Daniel and Marguerite Mari Debs and his father, who came from a prosperous family, owned a textile mill and meat market. Debs was named after the French authors Eugene Sue and Victor Hugo, Debs attended public school, dropping out of high school at age 14. He took a job with the Vandalia Railroad cleaning grease from the trucks of freight engines for fifty cents a day and he later became a painter and car cleaner in the railroad shops. In December 1871, when a locomotive fireman failed to report for work. He decided to remain a fireman on the run between Terre Haute and Indianapolis, earning more than a dollar a night for the three and half years. In July 1875 Debs left to work at a wholesale grocery house, Debs had joined the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen in February 1875 and became active in the organization. In 1877 he served as a delegate of the Terre Haute lodge to the national convention
8.
Norman Thomas
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Norman Mattoon Thomas was an American Presbyterian minister who achieved fame as a socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. Thomas was the oldest of six children, born November 20,1884 in Marion, Ohio, to Emma Williams and Weddington Evans Thomas, a Presbyterian minister. Thomas had an uneventful Midwestern childhood and adolescence, helping to put himself through Marion High School as a carrier for Warren G. Hardings Marion Daily Star. Like other paper carriers, he reported directly to Florence Kling Harding, no pennies ever escaped her, said Thomas. The summer after he graduated high school his father accepted a pastorate at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He left Bucknell after one year to attend Princeton University, the beneficiary of the largesse of an uncle by marriage. Thomas graduated magna cum laude from Princeton University in 1905, after some settlement house work and a trip around the world, Thomas decided to follow in his fathers footsteps and enrolled in Union Theological Seminary. He graduated from the seminary and was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1911, Union Theological Seminary had been at that time a center of the Social Gospel movement and liberal politics, and as a minister, Thomas preached against American participation in the First World War. This pacifist stance led to his being shunned by many of his fellow alumni from Princeton, when church funding of the American Parishs social programs was stopped, Thomas resigned his pastorate. Despite his resignation, Thomas did not formally leave the ministry until 1931 and it was Thomas position as a conscientious objector which drew him to the Socialist Party of America, a staunchly antimilitarist organization. When SPA leader Morris Hillquit made his campaign for Mayor of New York in 1917 on an anti-war platform, to his surprise, Hillquit wrote back, encouraging the young minister to work for his campaign, which Thomas energetically did. Soon thereafter he joined the Socialist Party. Thomas was the secretary of the pacifist Fellowship of Reconciliation even before the war, when the organization started a magazine called The World Tomorrow in January 1918, Thomas was employed as its paid editor. Together with Devere Allen, Thomas helped to make The World Tomorrow the leading voice of liberal Christian social activism of its day, in 1921, Thomas moved to secular journalism, when he was employed as associate editor of The Nation magazine. In 1922 Thomas became co-director of the League for Industrial Democracy, later, he was one of the founders of the National Civil Liberties Bureau, the precursor of the American Civil Liberties Union. Thomass political activity also included attempts at the US presidency, following Eugene Debss death in 1926, there was a leadership vacuum in the Socialist Party. Neither of the two top political leaders, Victor L. Berger and Hillquit, were eligible to run for president because of their foreign birth. The third main figure, Daniel Hoan, was occupied as mayor of Milwaukee, the 1928 campaign was the first of Thomass six consecutive campaigns as the presidential nominee of the Socialist Party
