1.
English language
–
English /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the global lingua franca. Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is the third most common language in the world, after Mandarin. It is the most widely learned second language and a language of the United Nations, of the European Union. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch, English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England, Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible, and the start of the Great Vowel Shift. Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries, English is an Indo-European language, and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. Most closely related to English are the Frisian languages, and English, Old Saxon and its descendent Low German languages are also closely related, and sometimes Low German, English, and Frisian are grouped together as the Ingvaeonic or North Sea Germanic languages. Modern English descends from Middle English, which in turn descends from Old English, particular dialects of Old and Middle English also developed into a number of other English languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Forth and Bargy dialects of Ireland. English is classified as a Germanic language because it shares new language features with other Germanic languages such as Dutch, German and these shared innovations show that the languages have descended from a single common ancestor, which linguists call Proto-Germanic. Through Grimms law, the word for foot begins with /f/ in Germanic languages, English is classified as an Anglo-Frisian language because Frisian and English share other features, such as the palatalisation of consonants that were velar consonants in Proto-Germanic. The earliest form of English is called Old English or Anglo-Saxon, in the fifth century, the Anglo-Saxons settled Britain and the Romans withdrew from Britain. England and English are named after the Angles, Old English was divided into four dialects, the Anglian dialects, Mercian and Northumbrian, and the Saxon dialects, Kentish and West Saxon. Through the educational reforms of King Alfred in the century and the influence of the kingdom of Wessex. The epic poem Beowulf is written in West Saxon, and the earliest English poem, Modern English developed mainly from Mercian, but the Scots language developed from Northumbrian. A few short inscriptions from the period of Old English were written using a runic script. By the sixth century, a Latin alphabet was adopted, written with half-uncial letterforms and it included the runic letters wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ and thorn ⟨þ⟩, and the modified Latin letters eth ⟨ð⟩, and ash ⟨æ⟩
English language
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The opening to the Old English epic poem
Beowulf,
handwritten in
half-uncial script: Hƿæt ƿē Gārde/na ingēar dagum þēod cyninga / þrym ge frunon... "Listen! We of the Spear-Danes from days of yore have heard of the glory of the folk-kings..."
English language
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Countries of the world where English is a majority native language
English language
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Title page of Geoffrey Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales c.1400
2.
Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
Slogan
–
In 1995,
FDA's assertion of authority to regulate
tobacco drew heavy opposition from the tobacco community, which erupted into lawsuits and slogans urging "Keep FDA Off the Farm."
3.
Alexa Internet
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Alexa Internet, Inc. is a California-based company that provides commercial web traffic data and analytics. It is an owned subsidiary of Amazon. com. Founded as an independent company in 1996, Alexa was acquired by Amazon in 1999 and its toolbar collects data on browsing behavior and transmits them to the Alexa website, where they are stored and analyzed. This is the basis for the web traffic reporting. According to its website, Alexa provides traffic data, global rankings, as of 2015, its website has been visited by over 6.5 million people monthly. Alexa Internet was founded in April 1996 by American web entrepreneurs Brewster Kahle, Alexa initially offered a toolbar that gave Internet users suggestions on where to go next, based on the traffic patterns of its user community. The company also offered context for each site visited, to whom it was registered, how many pages it had, how other sites pointed to it. Alexas operations grew to include archiving of web pages as they are crawled and this database served as the basis for the creation of the Internet Archive accessible through the Wayback Machine. In 1998, the company donated a copy of the archive, Alexa continues to supply the Internet Archive with Web crawls. In 1999, as the company moved away from its vision of providing an intelligent search engine. Alexa began a partnership with Google in early 2002, and with the web directory DMOZ in January 2003, in May 2006, replaced Google with Bing as a provider of search results. In December 2006, Amazon released Alexa Image Search, built in-house, it was the first major application built on the companys Web platform. In December 2005, Alexa opened its extensive search index and Web-crawling facilities to third-party programs through a set of Web services. These could be used, for instance, to construct vertical search engines that could run on Alexas own servers or elsewhere. In May 2007, Alexa changed their API to limit comparisons to three websites, reduce the size of embedded graphs in Flash, and add mandatory embedded BritePic advertisements. In April 2007, the company filed a lawsuit, Alexa v. Hornbaker, in the lawsuit, Alexa alleged that Ron Hornbaker was stealing traffic graphs for profit, and that the primary purpose of his site was to display graphs that were generated by Alexas servers. Hornbaker removed the term Alexa from his name on March 19,2007. Thereafter, Alexa became a purely analytics-focused company, on March 31,2009, Alexa launched a major website redesign
Alexa Internet
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Alexa Internet, Inc.
Alexa Internet
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2014 screenshot of Alexa.com home page
4.
Website
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A website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server. A website may be accessible via a public Internet Protocol network, such as the Internet, or a local area network. Websites have many functions and can be used in various fashions, a website can be a website, a commercial website for a company. Websites are typically dedicated to a topic or purpose, ranging from entertainment and social networking to providing news. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web, while private websites, Web pages, which are the building blocks of websites, are documents, typically composed in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language. They may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors, Web pages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which may optionally employ encryption to provide security and privacy for the user. The users application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal. Hyperlinking between web pages conveys to the reader the site structure and guides the navigation of the site, Some websites require user registration or subscription to access content. As of 2016 end users can access websites on a range of devices, including desktop and laptop computers, tablet computers, smartphones, the World Wide Web was created in 1990 by the British CERN physicist Tim Berners-Lee. On 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone, before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as File Transfer Protocol and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server. These protocols offer a directory structure which the user navigates and chooses files to download. Documents were most often presented as text files without formatting. Websites have many functions and can be used in various fashions, a website can be a website, a commercial website. Websites can be the work of an individual, a business or other organization, any website can contain a hyperlink to any other website, so the distinction between individual sites, as perceived by the user, can be blurred. Websites are written in, or converted to, HTML and are accessed using a software interface classified as a user agent. Web pages can be viewed or otherwise accessed from a range of computer-based and Internet-enabled devices of various sizes, including computers, laptops, PDAs. A website is hosted on a system known as a web server. These terms can refer to the software that runs on these systems which retrieves
Website
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NASA.gov homepage as it appeared in April 2015
5.
Mugshot
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A mug shot or mugshot is a photographic portrait typically taken after a person is arrested. However, in the United States entrepreneurs have recently begun to exploit the mug shot for commercial gains via the mug shot publishing industry. Photographing of criminals began in the 1840s only a few years after the invention of photography, Mug is an English slang term for face, dating from the 18th century. Mug shot can more loosely mean any small picture of a used for any reason. A typical mug shot is two-part, with one side-view photo, the background is usually stark and simple, to avoid distraction from the facial image. Mug shots may be compiled into a mug book in order to determine the identity of a criminal, in high-profile cases, mug shots may also be published in the mass media. The earliest photos of prisoners taken for use by law enforcement may have taken in Belgium in 1843 and 1844. In the United Kingdom, police in Liverpool and Birmingham were photographing criminals by 1848, by 1857, the New York City police department had a gallery where daguerreotypes of criminals were displayed. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency began using these on wanted posters in the United States, by the 1870s the agency had amassed the largest collection of mug shots in the U. S. After the defeat of the Paris Commune in 1871, the Prefecture of Police of Paris hired a photographer, Eugène Appert, in 1888, Alphonse Bertillon invented the modern mug shot featuring full face and profile views, standardizing the lighting and angles. This system was adopted throughout Europe, and in the United States. The arrested person is required to hold a placard with name, date of birth, booking ID, weight. With digital photography, the photograph is linked to a database record concerning the arrest. Mug shots have often incorporated into wanted posters, including those for the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. In the US in the early 21st century an online industry developed around the publication, the US legal system has long held that mug shots can have a negative effect on juries. Elsewhere it cites a ruling in Commonwealth v. Martin that admission of a mug shot is laden for characterizing the defendant as a careerist in crime. Bruzz video, the worlds oldest mug shots date from 1843 Mug shot publishing industry Rogues gallery
Mugshot
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Self-portrait mug shot of
Alphonse Bertillon, who developed and standardized this type of photograph
Mugshot
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Camera used for taking mug shots at
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, California, US
Mugshot
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FBI wanted poster with a mug shot
Mugshot
6.
Metaphor
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A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers, for rhetorical effect, to one thing by mentioning another thing. It may provide clarity or identify hidden similarities between two ideas, antithesis, hyperbole, metonymy and simile are all types of metaphor. The Philosophy of Rhetoric by rhetorician I. A. Richards describes a metaphor as having two parts, the tenor and the vehicle, the tenor is the subject to which attributes are ascribed. The vehicle is the object whose attributes are borrowed, other writers employ the general terms ground and figure to denote the tenor and the vehicle. Cognitive linguistics uses the target and source, respectively. Metaphors are most frequently compared with similes, a simile is a specific type of metaphor that uses the words like or as in comparing two objects, whereas what is commonly referred to as a metaphor states that A is B or substitutes B for A. What is usually referred to as a metaphor asserts the two objects in the comparison are identical on the point of comparison, a simile merely asserts a similarity, for this reason a common-type metaphor is generally considered more forceful than a simile. The metaphor category also contains these types, Allegory, An extended metaphor wherein a story illustrates an important attribute of the subject. Antithesis, A rhetorical contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences Catachresis, A mixed metaphor used by design and accident. Hyperbole, Excessive exaggeration to illustrate a point Metonymy, A figure of speech using the name of one thing in reference to a different thing of which the first is associated, example, in lands belonging to the crown the word crown is metonymy for ruler or monarch. Parable, An extended metaphor narrated as an anecdote illustrating and teaching such as in Aesops fables, pun, Similar to a metaphor, a pun alludes to another term. However, the difference is that a pun is a frivolous allusion between two different things whereas a metaphor is a purposeful allusion between two different things. Metaphor, like other types of analogy, can usefully be distinguished from metonymy as one of two modes of thought. Thus, a metaphor creates new links between otherwise distinct conceptual domains, whereas a metonymy relies on the links within them. A dead metaphor is one in which the sense of an image has become absent. Examples, to grasp a concept and to gather what youve understood use physical action as a metaphor for understanding, the audience does not need to visualize the action, dead metaphors normally go unnoticed. Some people distinguish between a dead metaphor and a cliché, others use dead metaphor to denote both. A mixed metaphor is one that leaps from one identification to a second identification inconsistent with the first, e. g. Checkmate
Metaphor
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A
political cartoon from an 1894
Puck magazine by illustrator S.D. Ehrhart, shows a farm woman labeled "Democratic Party" sheltering from a tornado of political change.
Metaphor
–
A metaphorical visualization of the word
anger.
Metaphor
–
Tombstone of a
Jewish woman depicting broken candles, a visual metaphor of the end of life.
7.
Evidence (law)
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The law of evidence also known as the rules of evidence, encompasses the rules and legal principles that govern the proof of facts in a legal proceeding. These rules determine what evidence must or must not be considered by the trier of fact in reaching its decision, the trier of fact is a judge in bench trials, or the jury in any cases involving a jury. The law of evidence is also concerned with the quantum, quality, the rules vary depending upon whether the venue is a criminal court, civil court, or family court, and they vary by jurisdiction. The quantum of evidence is the amount of evidence needed, the quality of proof is how reliable such evidence should be considered, important rules that govern admissibility concern hearsay, authentication, relevance, privilege, witnesses, opinions, expert testimony, identification and rules of physical evidence. There are several types of evidence, depending on the form or source, Evidence governs the use of testimony, exhibits, documentary material, or demonstrative evidence, which are admissible in a judicial or administrative proceeding. The law must ensure certain guidelines are set out in order to ensure that evidence presented to the court can be regarded as trustworthy. The rules of evidence were developed several centuries and are based upon the rules from Anglo-American common law brought to the New World by early settlers. Their purpose is to be fair to both parties, disallowing the raising of allegations without a basis in provable fact and they are sometimes criticized as a legal technicality, but are an important part of the system for achieving a just result. Perhaps the most important of the rules of evidence is that, in general, there are several examples where presiding authorities are not bound by the rules of evidence. These include the military tribunals in the United States and tribunals used in Australia to try health professionals, in every jurisdiction based on the English common law tradition, evidence must conform to a number of rules and restrictions to be admissible. Evidence must be relevant – that is, it must be directed at proving or disproving a legal element, however, the relevance of evidence is ordinarily a necessary condition but not a sufficient condition for the admissibility of evidence. For example, relevant evidence may be excluded if it is unfairly prejudicial, confusing, there is also general agreement that assessment of relevance or irrelevance involves or requires judgements about probabilities or uncertainties. Beyond that, there is little agreement, many legal scholars and judges agree that ordinary reasoning, or common sense reasoning, plays an important role. There is less agreement about whether or not judgements of relevance or irrelevance are defensible only if the reasoning that supports such judgements is made fully explicit. However, most trial judges would reject any such requirement and would say that some judgements can and must rest partly on unarticulated and unarticulable hunches, california Evidence Code section 352 also allows for exclusion to avoid substantial danger of undue prejudice. The United States has a complicated system of evidentiary rules, for example. In Professor Friedmans words, A trained judge would not need all these rules, and indeed, the law of evidence in systems that lack a jury is short, sweet, however, Friedmans views are characteristic of an earlier generation of legal scholars. Under English law, evidence that would otherwise be admissible at trial may be excluded at the discretion of the judge if it would be unfair to the defendant to admit it
Evidence (law)
–
Classes of crimes
8.
Reporter
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A journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information. A journalists work is called journalism, a journalist can work with general issues or specialize in certain issues. However, most journalists tend to specialize, and by cooperating with other journalists, for example, a sports journalist covers news within the world of sports, but this journalist may be a part of a newspaper that covers many different topics. A reporter is a type of journalist who researches, writes, and reports on information in order to present in sources, conduct interviews, engage in research, and make reports. The information-gathering part of a job is sometimes called reporting. Reporters may split their time working in a newsroom and going out to witness events or interviewing people. Reporters may be assigned a beat or area of coverage. Depending on the context, the term journalist may include various types of editors, editorial writers, columnists, Journalism has developed a variety of ethics and standards. While objectivity and a lack of bias are of concern and importance, more liberal types of journalism, such as advocacy journalism and activism. This has become prevalent with the advent of social media and blogs, as well as other platforms that are used to manipulate or sway social and political opinions. These platforms often project extreme bias, as sources are not always held accountable or considered necessary in order to produce a written, nor did they often directly experience most social problems, or have direct access to expert insights. These limitations were made worse by a media that tended to over-simplify issues and to reinforce stereotypes, partisan viewpoints. As a consequence, Lippmann believed that the public needed journalists like himself who could serve as analysts, guiding “citizens to a deeper understanding of what was really important. ”Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger. Organizations such as the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders publish reports on press freedom, as of November 2011, the Committee to Protect Journalists reports that 887 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1992 by murder, crossfire or combat, or on dangerous assignment. The ten deadliest countries for journalists since 1992 have been Iraq, Philippines, Russia, Colombia, Mexico, Algeria, Pakistan, India, Somalia, Brazil and Sri Lanka. The Committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of December 1st 2010,145 journalists were jailed worldwide for journalistic activities. The ten countries with the largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are Turkey, China, Iran, Eritrea, Burma, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Cuba, Ethiopia, apart from the physical harm, journalists are harmed psychologically. This applies especially to war reporters, but their offices at home often do not know how to deal appropriately with the reporters they expose to danger
Reporter
–
A
television reporter holding a
microphone in front of a
cameraman.
Reporter
–
Photojournalists at the
2013 World Championships in Athletics.
Reporter
–
A reporter interviewing Boris Johnson, Mayor of London.
Reporter
–
Journalism
9.
The Village Voice
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The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper, known for being the countrys first alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf, Ed Fancher and Norman Mailer, since its founding, The Village Voice has received three Pulitzer Prizes, the National Press Foundation Award and the George Polk Award. Among news sources, The Village Voice is known for its combination of news reporting and arts & culture coverage. The Village Voice has hosted a variety of writers and artists, including writer Ezra Pound, cartoonist Lynda Barry. In addition to daily coverage through its website and a print edition that circulates in New York City. In the 1960s the offices were located at Sheridan Square, then, from the 70s through 1980, at 11th Street and University Place, in 1991 they moved to Cooper Square in the East Village, and in 2013, to the Financial District. John Wilcock wrote a column every week for the papers first ten years, another regular from that period was the cartoonist Kin Platt, who did weekly theatrical caricatures. Other prominent regulars have included Peter Schjeldahl, Ellen Willis, Tom Carson, Wayne Barrett, the Voice has published investigations of New York City politics, as well as reporting on national politics, with arts, culture, music, dance, film, and theater reviews. Writers for the Voice have received three Pulitzer Prizes, in 1981,1986 and 2000, almost since its inception the paper has recognized alternative theater in New York through its Obie Awards. The papers Pazz & Jop music poll, started by Robert Christgau in the early 1970s, is released annually, in 1999, film critic J. Hoberman and film section editor Dennis Lim began a similar Village Voice Film Poll for the year in film. In 2001 the paper sponsored its first music festival, Siren Festival, in 2011, the event moved to the lower tip of Manhattan and re-christened the 4knots Music Festival, a reference to the speed of the East Rivers current. Today, the Voice is known for its support for the civil rights of gays. However, early in its history, the newspaper had a reputation as having an anti-homosexuality slant, while reporting on the Stonewall riots of 1969, the newspaper referred to the riots as The Great Faggot Rebellion. Two reporters, Smith and Truscott, both used the words faggot and dyke in their articles about the riots, the newspaper changed their policy after the GLF petitioned the newspaper to do so. Over time, the Voice has changed its stance, and in 1982, as a testament to the Voices popularity in New York City, the paper is mentioned in the musical Rent during the song La Vie Boheme. The line states To riding your bike midday past the three suits, to fruits, to no absolutes, to Absolut, to choice, to The Village Voice. Seventeen alternative weeklies around the United States are owned by the Voices parent company Village Voice Media, in 2005, the Phoenix alternative weekly chain New Times Media purchased the company and took the Village Voice Media name. After The Village Voice was acquired by New Times Media in 2005, the Voice was then managed by two journalists from Phoenix, Arizona
The Village Voice
–
The Village Voice
The Village Voice
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The Cooper Square former head office of the paper
The Village Voice
–
Village Voice columnist
Nat Hentoff; photo by Tom Pich
The Village Voice
–
October 1955 cover
10.
Freedom of Information Act (United States)
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The Freedom of Information Act,5 U. S. C. §552, is a freedom of information law that allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information. The Act defines agency records subject to disclosure, outlines mandatory disclosure procedures and this amendment was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, despite his misgivings, on July 4,1966, as indicated by its long title, FOIA was actually extracted from its original home in Section 3 of the Administrative Procedure Act. Section 3 of the APA, as enacted in 1946, gave agencies broad discretion concerning the publication of governmental records, the amendment required agencies to publish their rules of procedure in the Federal Register,5 U. S. C. In addition, §522 requires every agency, upon any request for records which, reasonably describes such records to make such records promptly available to any person. If an agency improperly withholds any documents, the court has jurisdiction to order their production. The Federal Governments Freedom of Information Act should not be confused with the different, many of those state acts may be similar but not identical to the federal act. This push built on existing principles and protocols of government administration already in place, others, though—most notably President Lyndon B. Johnson—believed that certain types of unclassified government information should remain secret. The Privacy Act of 1974 was passed as a measure to ensure the security of government documents increasingly kept on private citizens. The act explicitly applies only to executive branch government agencies and these agencies are under several mandates to comply with public solicitation of information. In this way, there is recourse for one seeking information to go to a court if suspicion of illegal tampering or delayed sending of records exists. The nine current exemptions to the FOIA address issues of sensitivity, the law came about because of the determination of Congressman John E. Moss of California. Moss was the chairman of the Government Information Subcommittee and it took Moss 12 years to get the Freedom of Information Act through Congress successfully. Much of the desire for government transparency stemmed from the Department of Defense and they determined that the misuse of government classification of documents was causing insiders to leak documents that were marked confidential. The committee also determined that the lowest rung of the confidentiality ladder confidential should be removed and they deemed that secret and top secret covered National security adequately. The Moss Committee took it upon itself to reform confidentiality policy and implement punishments for the overuse of classification by officials, the FOIA has been changed repeatedly by both the legislative and executive branches
Freedom of Information Act (United States)
–
Freedom of Information Act requests have led to the release of information such as this letter by J. Edgar Hoover about surveillance of ex-Beatle
John Lennon. A 25-year battle by historian
Jon Wiener based on FOIA, with the assistance of lawyers from the
ACLU, eventually resulted in the release of documents like this one.
Freedom of Information Act (United States)
–
Freedom of Information Act
11.
Law enforcement agency
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A law enforcement agency, in North American English, is a government agency responsible for the enforcement of the laws. Outside North America, such organizations are usually called police services, LEAs which have their ability to apply their powers restricted in some way are said to operate within a jurisdiction. LEAs will have some form of restriction on their ability to apply their powers. Sometimes a LEA’s jurisdiction is determined by the complexity or seriousness of the non compliance with a law, differentiation of jurisdiction based on the seriousness and complexity of the non compliance either by law or by policy and consensus can coexist in countries. Other LEAs have a jurisdiction defined by the type of laws they enforce or assist in enforcing, for example, Interpol does not work with political, military, religious, or racial matters. A LEA’s jurisdiction usually also includes the bodies they support. Jurisdictionally, there can be an important difference between international LEAs and multinational LEAs, even though both are referred to as international, even in official documents. An international law enforcement agency has jurisdiction and or operates in countries and across State borders. International LEAs are typically also multinational, for example Interpol, within a country, the jurisdiction of law enforcement agencies can be organized and structured in a number of ways to provide law enforcement throughout the country. A law enforcement agency’s jurisdiction can be for the country or for a division or sub-division within the country. In Australia for example, each state has its own LEAs, in the United States for example, typically each state and county or city has its own LEAs. Often a LEA’s jurisdiction will be divided into operations areas for administrative. An operations area is called a command or an office. Sometimes the one jurisdiction is covered by more than one LEA, again for administrative and logistical efficiency reasons, or arising from policy. The primary difference between separate agencies and operational areas within the one jurisdiction is the degree of flexibility to move resources between versus within agencies. When multiple LEAs cover the one legal jurisdicition, each agency still typically organises itself into operations areas, when a LEA’s jurisdiction is for the whole country, it is usually one of two broad types, either federal or national. When the country has a constitution a whole of country LEA is referred to as a federal law enforcement agency. The responsibilities of a federal LEA vary from country to country. S, a federal police agency is a federal LEA which also has the typical police responsibilities of social order and public safety as well as federal law enforcement responsibilities
Law enforcement agency
–
A
police officer and a
police car are traditional identifiers of a locally based law enforcement agency.
Law enforcement agency
–
Two military police officers and a
police car from the Żandarmeria Wojskowa (
Poland)
12.
TruTV
–
TruTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. The network was launched in 1991 as Court TV, a network that focused on crime-themed programs such as documentary series, legal dramas. With its relaunch as truTV in 2008, the network revamped its lineup with a focus on reality shows and caught on camera programs, in October 2014, TruTVs lineup was reoriented with a focus on comedy programming and comedy-based reality series. As of February 2015, approximately 89.7 million US households receive truTV, the Courtroom Television Network, or Court TV for short, was launched on July 2,1991, and was available to three million subscribers. Its original anchors were Fred Graham, who was still at the twenty years later, and Cynthia McFadden. Both projects were present at the National Cable Television Association in June 1990, rather than trying to establish two competing networks, the projects were combined in December 14,1990. Liberty Media would join the venture in 1991, the channel featured continuous live trial coverage, with analysis by anchors. It was led by law writer Steven Brill, who left the network in 1997, the network came into its own during the Menendez brothers first trial and later during the O. J. Simpson murder trial. In 1998, NBC sold its share of the network to Time Warner and that same year, it began running several original and acquired programs in prime time, such as Homicide, Life on the Street and Forensic Files. In 2004, recognizing the growth of its programming, Court TV split itself into two brands. Daytime trial coverage was branded as Court TV News, while prime-time and weekend programming took on a legal reality. Time Warner bought full control of Court TV in 2006 and began running it as part of the companys Turner Broadcasting System division, the buyout of Court TV marked Time Warners first television network acquisition – rather than a sale – since the acquisition of Turner Broadcasting System in 1996. On July 11,2007, it was announced that Court TV would be relaunched as TruTV on January 1,2008, the network promoted these series under the slogan Not Reality. TruTV staff argued that the reality had become associated with unrealistic programming. On March 4,2013, In Session was cut to a two-hour, on September 30,2013, In Session was cancelled, and replaced by a block of archived programming under the banner In Session Presents. As part of the re-launch, a new branding campaign and refreshed logo were introduced on-air on October 27,2014, puja Vohra, TruTVs senior vice president of marketing and digital, explained that the campaign was intended to portray the networks brand as being fun and self-aware. In December 2016, TruTV unveiled a new marketing campaign and slogan, the campaign reinforces the networks focus on comedy by showcasing its stars in advertising that parodies the cliches of network television promos. The 1080i high definition simulcast feed of TruTV is available on all major cable, in March 2011, the channel saw carriage of its HD feed increase, due to its coverage of the 2011 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament, which was its first ever live sports telecast
TruTV
–
Previous truTV Logo used from January 1, 2008 to October 27, 2014.
13.
Court TV
–
TruTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. The network was launched in 1991 as Court TV, a network that focused on crime-themed programs such as documentary series, legal dramas. With its relaunch as truTV in 2008, the network revamped its lineup with a focus on reality shows and caught on camera programs, in October 2014, TruTVs lineup was reoriented with a focus on comedy programming and comedy-based reality series. As of February 2015, approximately 89.7 million US households receive truTV, the Courtroom Television Network, or Court TV for short, was launched on July 2,1991, and was available to three million subscribers. Its original anchors were Fred Graham, who was still at the twenty years later, and Cynthia McFadden. Both projects were present at the National Cable Television Association in June 1990, rather than trying to establish two competing networks, the projects were combined in December 14,1990. Liberty Media would join the venture in 1991, the channel featured continuous live trial coverage, with analysis by anchors. It was led by law writer Steven Brill, who left the network in 1997, the network came into its own during the Menendez brothers first trial and later during the O. J. Simpson murder trial. In 1998, NBC sold its share of the network to Time Warner and that same year, it began running several original and acquired programs in prime time, such as Homicide, Life on the Street and Forensic Files. In 2004, recognizing the growth of its programming, Court TV split itself into two brands. Daytime trial coverage was branded as Court TV News, while prime-time and weekend programming took on a legal reality. Time Warner bought full control of Court TV in 2006 and began running it as part of the companys Turner Broadcasting System division, the buyout of Court TV marked Time Warners first television network acquisition – rather than a sale – since the acquisition of Turner Broadcasting System in 1996. On July 11,2007, it was announced that Court TV would be relaunched as TruTV on January 1,2008, the network promoted these series under the slogan Not Reality. TruTV staff argued that the reality had become associated with unrealistic programming. On March 4,2013, In Session was cut to a two-hour, on September 30,2013, In Session was cancelled, and replaced by a block of archived programming under the banner In Session Presents. As part of the re-launch, a new branding campaign and refreshed logo were introduced on-air on October 27,2014, puja Vohra, TruTVs senior vice president of marketing and digital, explained that the campaign was intended to portray the networks brand as being fun and self-aware. In December 2016, TruTV unveiled a new marketing campaign and slogan, the campaign reinforces the networks focus on comedy by showcasing its stars in advertising that parodies the cliches of network television promos. The 1080i high definition simulcast feed of TruTV is available on all major cable, in March 2011, the channel saw carriage of its HD feed increase, due to its coverage of the 2011 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament, which was its first ever live sports telecast
Court TV
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truTV
14.
Adult Swim
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Adult Swim is a programming block of the American cable network Cartoon Network that operates at night from 8,00 p. m. to 6,00 a. m. It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, the name comes from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults. Much of Adult Swims general content is known for its risqué, unorthodox, the network was granted its own Nielsen ratings report from Cartoon Network due to targeting a separate demographic. In the United States, Adult Swim has frequently aired adult animation features, anime, mockumentaries, sketch comedy, live-action, shows may have sexual themes, frank sexual discussion, nudity, strong language, and graphic violence. While the network features comedies and dramas of all types, many of its programs are aesthetically experimental, transgressive, improvised, Adult Swim has contracted with various studios known for their productions in absurd and shock comedy. In February 2015, Adult Swim was available to approximately 96,390,000 pay-television households in the United States, Cartoon Networks original head programmer Mike Lazzo conceived Adult Swim. The network grew out of Cartoon Networks previous attempts at airing content appropriate for teenagers, the network began experimenting with its late night programming by airing anthology shows like ToonHeads and Late Night Black and White, both of which presented uncensored classic cartoon shorts. Space Ghost Coast to Coast, one of Cartoon Networks first forays into original programming, was created in 1994 specifically for late night audiences. The series was created by Mike Lazzos Ghost Planet Industries, which eventually became Williams Street Studios, during early mornings in December 2000, several new Williams Street series made unannounced stealth premieres. Sealab 2021, Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, Aqua Teen Hunger Force and The Brak Show all premiered unannounced, the official schedules listed the shows as Special Programming. Adult Swim launched on September 2,2001 with the airing of the Home Movies episode Directors Cut. The first anime broadcast on Adult Swim also aired on the night of its launch, the block initially aired on Sunday nights, with a repeat of the same block on Thursday nights. On March 28,2005, Atlanta-based Turner Broadcasting System began recording Adult Swim Nielsen ratings separately from Cartoon Network for demographic purposes, promotions for Adult Swim are targeted towards the college age and those in their twenties and thirties, constituting the majority of their viewers. Adult Swim also had a direct and important role in the revival of two animated series, the aforementioned Family Guy and Futurama. On March 29,2004, less one year later, Fox announced it would be renewing Family Guy for a fourth season. Futurama was also revived in 2007 by Comedy Central for similar reasons, Adult Swim obtained Futuramas exclusive cable syndication rights in March 2002 for a reported $10 million, and the series first aired on the network in January 2002. These devices were in part of a guerrilla marketing advertising campaign. The next day, Boston authorities arrested two men involved with the incident, on February 5, Turner Broadcasting and marketer Interference, Inc. announced that they would pay $2 million in amends, one million to the city of Boston, and one million in goodwill funds
Adult Swim
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Several creators and writers of Adult Swim shows at the
San Diego Comic Con 2006 Adult Swim panel. From left to right:
Keith Crofford,
Seth Green,
Matthew Senreich,
Scott Adsit,
Dino Stamatopoulos,
Tommy Blacha,
Brendon Small,
Jackson Publick and
Doc Hammer.
Adult Swim
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international channel availability
15.
Pranknet
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It was founded by a man who later referred to himself as Dex. The group has been linked to nearly 60 separate incidents, Pranknet members can listen in real-time and discuss the progress together in a private chat room. In 2009, a wave of the pranks across the United States prompted internal alerts by Choice Hotels, as well as advisories by the Orange County, Florida Sheriffs office, and others. At that time, law enforcement officials from a number of jurisdictions, Pranknet participants initially used Skype to make their calls. As of 2009, Skype provided an uncontrolled registration system for users without proof of identity, making it difficult to trace, after Skype began an internal investigation, Pranknet left Skype and briefly used Paltalk for its chats. However, Paltalk banned Pranknet after a February 2009 KFC incident, after Pranknet users were banned from Paltalk, the company was subjected to multiple DDoS attacks. Beginning in 2009, members chatted before, during, and after each prank via Beyluxe Messenger, audiences range from 40 to 200 people at any given time. Pranks that created sufficient havoc were posted on YouTube, updates were also provided through a Twitter account. In February 2009, Dex called a KFC restaurant in Manchester and he claimed the chemicals were caustic and this would render them inert. When Dex posted the audio to YouTube he described it as Epic KFC Prank Call. dex successfully convinces the 3 female employees to fully nude outside. Many months later Dex, posing this time as an insurance adjuster called the same KFC and had the victims describe their experiences while Pranknet members listened. On February 10, Dex and a member called DTA_Mike, posing as hotel front desk employees, using the pretense of a ruptured gas line, the caller persuaded each guest to break a window and then throw the television out. Dex and his friend repeated the stunt on February 19 with a Best Western in Santee. On April 30, a Pranknet member named Rollin in the A called Prejeans Restaurant in Lafayette and this target was selected because the restaurant provided live video streaming of its dining area on their own website. The victim at this restaurant was told that Prejean’s pork was tainted with the swine flu, Rollin in the A also told the manager to close the restaurant immediately and tell the customers that they may have eaten tainted food. On May 27, Dex called a Hampton Inn in York, Nebraska, as guests made their way to the lobby, a second call was placed to the front desk. Dex claimed that, to avoid alleged fines, the department should not be called. Instead, the caller gave various bogus instructions to turn the alarm off, the next suggestion from the caller was to break the front windows of the hotel
Pranknet
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Pranknet logo
16.
Virtual community
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Some of the most pervasive virtual communities are online communities operating under social networking services. The term virtual community is attributed to the book of the title published by Howard Rheingold in 1993. The books discussion ranges from Rheingolds adventures on The WELL, computer-mediated communication and social groups, Technologies cited include Usenet, MUDs and their derivatives MUSHes and MOOs, Internet Relay Chat, chat rooms and electronic mailing lists. Rheingold also points out the benefits for personal psychological well-being, as well as for society at large. Virtual communities all encourage interaction, sometimes focusing around a particular interest or just to communicate, Community members are allowed to interact over a shared passion through various means, message boards, chat rooms, social networking sites, or virtual worlds. The traditional definition of a community is of geographically circumscribed entity, Virtual communities are usually dispersed geographically, and therefore are not communities under the original definition. Some online communities are linked geographically, and are known as community websites, however, if one considers communities to simply possess boundaries of some sort between their members and non-members, then a virtual community is certainly a community. Virtual communities resemble real life communities in the sense that they provide support, information, friendship and acceptance between strangers. In the seventeenth century, scholars associated with the Royal Society of London formed a community through the exchange of letters. Community without propinquity, coined by urban planner Melvin Webber in 1963, Virtual communities are used for a variety of social and professional groups, interaction between community members vary from personal to purely formal. For example, a distribution list operates on an informational level. The explosive diffusion of the Internet since the mid-1990s fostered the proliferation of virtual communities in the form of social networking services, Online communities depend upon social interaction and exchange between users online. This interaction emphasizes the reciprocity element of the social contract between community members. Concerns with a virtual communitys tendency to promote less socializing include, verbal aggression and inhibitions, promotion of suicide, however, studies regarding the health effects of these communities did not show any negative effects. There was a high rate of participants in the study. The health-related effects are not clear because of the lack of thoroughness, rather, recent studies have looked into development of health related communities and their impact on those already suffering health issues. These forms of social networks allow for open conversation between individuals who are going through similar experiences, whether themselves or in their family. Such sites have in fact grown in popularity, so much so that now many health care providers are forming groups for their patients and these sites prove especially useful when related to rare medical conditions
Virtual community
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A PLATO V terminal in 1981 displaying RankTrek application
Virtual community
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An example of an IRC chat session on Xaric, a text-based client. Shown are two IRC channels and a private conversation.
Virtual community
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Facebook on the Ad-tech 2010
17.
Fire alarm
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A fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors, and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be either motorized bells or wall mountable sounders or horns and they can also be speaker strobes which sound an alarm, followed by a voice evacuation message which warns people inside the building not to use the elevators. Fire alarm sounders can be set to certain frequencies and different tones including low, medium and high, depending on the country, most fire alarm systems in Europe sound like a siren with alternating frequencies. Fire alarm sounders in the United States and Canada can be continuous or set to different codes such as Code 3. Fire alarm warning devices can also be set to different volume levels, smaller buildings may have the alarm set to a lower volume and larger buildings may have alarms set to a higher level. Equipment specifically manufactured for these purposes is selected and standardized installation methods are anticipated during the design, in the United States, NFPA72, The National Fire Alarm Code is an established and widely used installation standard. In Canada, the ULC is the standard for the fire system, the equivalent standard in the United Kingdom is BS5839 Part 1. It is a widely used around the world. Fire alarm control panel AKA fire alarm control unit, This component, primary power supply, Commonly the non-switched 120 or 240-volt alternating current source supplied from a commercial power utility. In non-residential applications, a circuit is dedicated to the fire alarm system. Dedicated branch circuits should not be confused with Individual branch circuits which supply energy to a single appliance, initiating devices, This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and is either manually or automatically activated. Examples would be such as pull stations, heat detectors. Heat and smoke detectors have different categories of both kinds, some categories are beam, photoelectrical, aspiration, and duct. Notification appliances, This component uses energy supplied from the alarm system or other stored energy source, to inform the proximate persons of the need to take action. This is done by means of a light, strobe light, electromechanical horn, beeper horn, chime, bell, speaker. The System Sensor Spectralert Advance Horn makes a sound and electromechanical sound together. Strobes are either made of a tube or now LED lights
Fire alarm
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A fire alarm notification appliance that is used in the
United States, the (Wheelock MT-24-LSM) with a
strobe light
Fire alarm
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Pull station
Fire alarm
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A Honeywell DeltaNet FS90 fire alarm control panel
Fire alarm
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A publicly accessible alarm box on a street in San Francisco
18.
Child molestor
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Child sexual abuse or child molestation is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in activities with a child, indecent exposure, child grooming. Child sexual abuse can occur in a variety of settings, including home, school, Child marriage is one of the main forms of child sexual abuse, UNICEF has stated that child marriage represents perhaps the most prevalent form of sexual abuse and exploitation of girls. Sexual abuse by a member is a form of incest and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma. The global prevalence of sexual abuse has been estimated at 19. 7% for females and 7. 9% for males. Most child sexual abuse is committed by men, studies on female child molesters show that women commit 14% to 40% of offenses reported against boys, Child sexual abuse can result in both short-term and long-term harm, including psychopathology in later life. While children may exhibit regressive behaviours such as thumb sucking or bedwetting, teenage pregnancy and risky sexual behaviors may appear in adolescence. Child sexual abuse victims report almost four times as many incidences of self-inflicted harm, a well-documented, long-term negative effect is the repeated or additional victimization in adolescence and adulthood. A causal relationship has been found between childhood sexual abuse and various adult psychopathologies, including crime and suicide, in addition to alcoholism, males who were sexually abused as children more frequently appear in the criminal justice system than in a clinical mental health setting. A study comparing middle-aged women who were abused as children with non-abused counterparts found significantly higher health costs for the former. Intergenerational effects have been noted, with the children of victims of sexual abuse exhibiting more conduct problems, peer problems. A specific characteristic pattern of symptoms has not been identified, studies have found that 51% to 79% of sexually abused children exhibit psychological symptoms. The risk of harm is if the abuser is a relative, if the abuse involves intercourse or attempted intercourse. The level of harm may also be affected by factors such as penetration, duration and frequency of abuse. The social stigma of child abuse may compound the psychological harm to children. When severe sexual abuse had occurred, dissociative symptoms were more prominent. Besides dissociative identity disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, child sexual abuse survivors may present borderline personality disorder, other studies have found an independent association of child sexual abuse with adverse psychological outcomes. A1998 meta-analysis by Bruce Rind et al, the study was criticized for flawed methodology and conclusions
Child molestor
19.
Craigslist
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Craigslist is an American classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, personals, for sale, items wanted, services, community, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums. Craig Newmark began the service in 1995 as a distribution list to friends. It became a service in 1996 and expanded into other classified categories. It started expanding to other U. S. cities in 2000, in March 2008, Spanish, French, Italian, German, and Portuguese became the first non-English languages Craigslist supported. As of August 9,2012, over 700 cities and areas in 70 countries have Craigslist sites, in early 1995, he began an email distribution list to friends. Most of the postings were submitted by Newmark and were notices of social events of interest to software. Soon, word of mouth led to rapid growth, the number of subscribers and postings grew rapidly. There was no moderation and Newmark was surprised when people started using the mailing list for non-event postings, people trying to get technical positions filled found that the list was a good way to reach people with the skills they were looking for. This led to the addition of a jobs category, user demand for more categories caused the list of categories to grow. The initial technology encountered some limits, so by June 1995 Majordomo had been installed, community members started asking for a web interface. Newmark registered craigslist. org, and the website went live in 1996, in the fall of 1998, the name List Foundation was introduced and Craigslist started transitioning to the use of this name. In April 1999, when Newmark learned of other organizations called List Foundation, Craigslist incorporated as a private for-profit company in 1999. Around the time of events, Newmark realized the site was growing so fast that he could stop working as a software engineer. By April 2000, there were nine employees working out of Newmarks San Francisco apartment, in January 2000, current CEO Jim Buckmaster joined the company as lead programmer and CTO. He was promoted to CEO in November 2000, the website expanded into nine more U. S. cities in 2000, four in 2001 and 2002 each, and 14 in 2003. On August 1,2004, Craigslist began charging $25 to post job openings on the New York, on the same day, a new section called Gigs was added, where low-cost and unpaid jobs and internships can be posted free. With more than 80 million new classified advertisements each month, Craigslist is the classifieds service in any medium. The site receives more than 2 million new job listings each month, the 23 largest U. S. cities listed on the Craigslist home page collectively receive more than 300,000 postings per day just in the for sale and housing sections as of October 2011
Craigslist
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Craig Newmark, the founder of Craigslist, in 2006
Craigslist
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Screenshot of the main page on January 26, 2008
Craigslist
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Craigslist headquarters in the
Inner Sunset District of San Francisco prior to 2010
20.
A Million Little Pieces
–
A Million Little Pieces is a book by James Frey, originally sold as a memoir and later marketed as a semi-fictional novel following accusations of literary forgery. It tells the story of a 23-year-old alcoholic and drug abuser, while initially promoted as a memoir, it was later discovered that many of the events described in the book never happened. A badly tattered James awakens on an airplane to Chicago, with no recollection of his injuries or of how he ended up on the plane and he is met by his parents at the airport, who take him to a rehabilitation clinic. We find out that James is 23 years old, and has been an alcoholic for ten years, and he is also wanted by the police in three different states on several charges. As he checks into the clinic, he is forced to quit his substance abuse, a transition that we find out later probably saves his life. As part of this, he is forced to undergo a series of painful root canals and he copes with the pain by squeezing tennis balls until his nails crack. Throughout the novel, Frey speaks of the Fury he is fighting, the Fury could be seen as the antagonist of the novel, because he believes that he will not be able to recover until he learns to ignore it or kill it. Frey meets many interesting people in the clinic, with whom he forms relationships, James finally recovers and never relapses. A notable feature of Pieces is its lack of marks to indicate direct quotes or dialogue. Instead, a new line is started each time someone speaks, Frey makes frequent use of this stream of consciousness writing technique, which is intended to allow the reader to better understand his version of the events. Freys unique writing style also involves his capitalizing nouns throughout the book for unclear reasons, Frey also uses heavy repetition of words throughout the text. The book was released on April 15,2003 by Doubleday Books, a division of Random House, for example, critic Julian Keeling, a recovering addict, stated that Freys stylistic tactics are irritating. none of this makes the reader feel well-disposed towards him. Also, author Heather King said that A Million Little Pieces rings false. Poet and author John Dolan roundly criticized the book, saying, Frey sums up his life in one sentence from p.351 of this 382-page memoir, I took money from my parents. Given the simplicity and familiarity of the story, you wonder what Frey does in the other 381 pages. The story itself is simple, he goes through rehab at a private clinic. 400 pages of hanging around a rehab clinic and he was also scathing about the writing style, which he described as a childish impersonation of the laconic Hemingway style, and referred to it as a novel several times. By January 28,2006, it had fallen to four on the Amazon. com list with Winfreys following selection, Night by Elie Wiesel
A Million Little Pieces
–
A Million Little Pieces
21.
Oprah Winfrey
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Orpah Gail Winfrey, better known as Oprah Winfrey, is an American media proprietor, talk show host, actress, producer, and philanthropist. She is best known for her talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, several assessments rank her as the most influential woman in the world. In 2013, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama and honorary degrees from Duke. Winfrey was born into poverty in rural Mississippi to a single mother and later raised in an inner-city Milwaukee neighborhood. She has stated that she was molested during her childhood and early teens and became pregnant at 14, her son died in infancy. Sent to live with the man she calls her father, a barber in Tennessee, Winfrey landed a job in radio while still in high school, by the mid-1990s, she had reinvented her show with a focus on literature, self-improvement, and spirituality. From 2006 to 2008, her endorsement of Obama, by one estimate, Winfrey was named Orpah on her birth certificate after the biblical figure in the Book of Ruth, but people mispronounced it regularly and Oprah stuck. Winfrey was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi, to a teenage mother. She later said that her conception was due to a sexual encounter. Her mother, Vernita Lee, was a housemaid, Winfreys biological father is usually noted as Vernon Winfrey, a coal miner turned barber turned city councilman who had been in the Armed Forces when she was born. However, Mississippi farmer and World War II veteran Noah Robinson, a genetic test in 2006 determined that her matrilineal line originated among the Kpelle ethnic group, in the area that today is Liberia. Her genetic makeup was determined to be 89% Sub-Saharan African, 8% Native American, however, the East Asian may, given the imprecision of genetic testing, actually be Native American markers. Her grandmother taught her to read before the age of three and took her to the church, where she was nicknamed The Preacher for her ability to recite Bible verses. When Winfrey was a child, her grandmother would hit her with a stick when she did not do chores or if she misbehaved in any way. Around this time, Lee had given birth to daughter, Winfreys younger half-sister. By 1962, Lee was having difficulty raising both daughters so Winfrey was temporarily sent to live with Vernon in Nashville, Tennessee, while Winfrey was in Nashville, Lee gave birth to a third daughter who was put up for adoption and later also named Patricia. Winfrey did not learn she had a second half-sister until 2010, by the time Winfrey moved back in with Lee, Lee had also given birth to a boy named Jeffrey, Winfreys half-brother, who died of AIDS-related causes in 1989. When Winfrey discussed the alleged abuse with family members at age 24, Winfrey once commented that she had chosen not to be a mother because she had not been mothered well
Oprah Winfrey
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Winfrey in 2011
Oprah Winfrey
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Winfrey on the first national broadcast of The Oprah Winfrey Show in 1986
Oprah Winfrey
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Winfrey as Sofia in
The Color Purple.
Oprah Winfrey
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Winfrey on the cover of Live Your Best Life, a collection of features from O, The Oprah Magazine.
22.
Wyclef Jean
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Nel Ust Wyclef Jean, best known by his professional name Wyclef Jean, is a Haitian rapper, musician and actor. At the age of nine, Jean immigrated as a child to the United States with his family and he first achieved fame as a member of the New Jersey hip hop group the Fugees. Jean has won three Grammy Awards for his musical work, on August 5,2010, Jean filed for candidacy in the 2010 Haitian presidential election. The Electoral Commission ruled him as ineligible to stand for office, Jeans efforts at earthquake relief, highly publicized in 2010 throughout Haiti and the United States, were channeled through his charitable organization, Yéle Haiti. The charity, which conducted education and welfare activities in Haiti between 2005 and 2010, effectively closed in 2012 and it was investigated for failure to file tax returns and mismanagement of funds, a high proportion of its money went to travel and administrative expense. The New York Times reported that much of the money raised by the organization in the Hope for Haiti Now telethon was retained by Jean for his own benefit, in 2012 Jean published his memoir Purpose, An Immigrant’s Story. Along with Carlos Santana, Avicii and Alexandre Pires, Jean was chosen to perform the ceremony at the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. Their single, Dar Um Jeito, the official World Cup anthem, was released on April 29,2014, Jean was born in Croix-des-Bouquets, Haiti. In 1982, he immigrated with his family as a child to the United States, after living in Brooklyn, New York, they settled in East Orange and Newark. He began to make music as a child and has cited reggae artist Bigga Haitian as one of his influences, as well as neighborhood heroes MC Tiger Paw Raw. His mother recognized his talent and bought him a guitar when he was in his teens. Jean graduated from Vailsburg High School, Newark, New Jersey, briefly attended Eastern Nazarene College, Jean has been a resident of Saddle River, South Orange, and North Caldwell, New Jersey. In 2009, Jean enrolled in the Berklee College of Music, Jean and other musicians formed a group in the 1980s under the name Tranzlator Crew. After they signed with Ruffhouse Records and Columbia Records in 1993, they renamed their group as Fugees – an abbreviation of refugees, the groups debut album, Blunted on Reality, was released in 1994. It achieved limited success, peaking at number 62 on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The album peaked at number 122 on the UK Albums Chart in 1997, Blunted on Reality spawned three singles, Boof Baf, Nappy Heads and Vocab. Nappy Heads was the Fugees first single to be ranked on the US Billboard Hot 100, in 1996, the Fugees released their second album, titled The Score. The album achieved significant commercial success in the United States, topping the US Billboard 200 and it was later certified as six-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America
Wyclef Jean
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Wyclef Jean in 2008
Wyclef Jean
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Wyclef Jean performing at a UNAIDS concert in 2006
Wyclef Jean
–
Jean at the
2008 Toronto International Film Festival
23.
The New York Times
–
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
The New York Times
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Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on
Operation Pillar of Defense.
The New York Times
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First published issue of New-York Daily Times, on September 18, 1851.
The New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ' publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
The New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942
24.
Daniel Baldwin
–
Daniel Leroy Baldwin is an American actor, director and producer. He is the second eldest of the four Baldwin brothers, all of whom are actors, Baldwin is known for his role as Detective Beau Felton in the popular NBC TV series Homicide, Life on the Street. He also stars in roles, such as Ned Blessing, The True Story of My Life, Mulholland Falls, Vampires, The Pandora Project, Stealing Candy, Paparazzi. Baldwin was raised in a Catholic family and has English, Irish, Scottish, French-Canadian, in addition to his three famous actor brothers, Alec, William, and Stephen, Baldwin has two sisters, Beth Baldwin Keuchler and Jane Baldwin Sasso. Baldwin was a high school football and basketball player and graduated in 1979 from Alfred G. Berner High School in Massapequa. He also attended McKenna Junior High School, Baldwins acting debut was in the TV movie Too Good to Be True in 1988, which he followed with roles in the films Born on the Fourth of July, Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man and Hero. He returned to television in 1990 for the short-lived sitcom Sydney, in 1993, Baldwin was cast in the Baltimore-based cop show Homicide, Life on the Street. Although he received good reviews he left in 1995 after three seasons, and his character was killed off. He returned to TV movies such as Attack of the 50 Ft. Woman, Family of Cops, in 1998, Baldwin was set to film the romantic comedy It Had to Be You, but was replaced by Michael Rispoli after being arrested for cocaine possession. John Carpenters Vampires was released during his subsequent stint in rehab, Baldwin returned to appearances in various TV series episodes, including The Sopranos and TV and direct-to-video movies, including reprising his role as Beau Felton in Homicide, The Movie in 2000. Baldwin then starred in TV movies such as Anonymous Rex and Our Fathers and small-budget films including Sidekick, in 2008, Baldwin signed on to play Julius Krug in the Award Winning HBO film based on the 1975 documentary Grey Gardens. That same year, he made appearances on truTVs The Smoking Gun Presents and he also appeared as a supporting cast member in indie director Akihiro Kitamuras sophomore film, Ill Be There With You. Baldwin was featured in UniGlobe Entertainments breast cancer docu-drama titled 1 a Minute in 2010, the film also starred Bárbara Mori, Lisa Ray, Deepak Chopra and Morgan Brittany. In 2009, Baldwin moved to Lake Oswego, Oregon, a suburb of Portland, to start a production company,2014 saw Baldwin win Best Supporting Actor at the Madrid International Film Festival for his role in the award-winning feature film Helen Alone. In 2005, he was featured in VH1s Celebrity Fit Club and he was the team captain of the Eastsiders, which also featured rapper Biz Markie, plus-size model Mia Tyler, and actor Joe Gannascoli. In 2008, Baldwin appeared on VH1s reality series Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew#Season 1, in June 2009, he joined the cast of Im a Celebrity. He was the one voted off. As of 2011, Baldwin makes appearances on truTVs The Smoking Gun Presents, in 2014, Baldwin appeared on the first episode of Celebrity Wife Swap
Daniel Baldwin
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Mugshot of Baldwin, 2006
25.
Danny Bonaduce
–
Dante Daniel Danny Bonaduce is an American radio/television personality, comedian, professional wrestler, and former child actor. Born in Broomall, Pennsylvania, Bonaduce is the son of veteran TV writer/producer Joseph Bonaduce, the younger Bonaduce became famous as a child actor of the 1970s on the TV sitcom The Partridge Family. He co-starred as Danny Partridge, the wisecracking, redheaded middle son of the pop band. He and Shirley Jones were the only Partridge cast members whose actual first names were also that of the character portrayed on screen. Danny was the pop groups bass guitar player. Co-starring on the show was Joness former stepson, who remains friends with Bonaduce, during. By his own account, Bonaduce grew up in a family and suffered severe physical and emotional abuse at the hands of his father. His mother attempted to protect him and keep the peace, Bonaduce made a small appearance in the season five Bewitched episode Going Ape, as a young boy in the park whose chimpanzee follows Samantha and Tabitha home. In the television series The Partridge Family, Bonaduce played the role of Danny Partridge, in the show, the Partridges were a family band that toured the country in their hip, Mondrian-inspired, painted school bus. Danny Partridge played bass guitar for the band and his siblings, Tracy and Chris. The series ran for four seasons, from 1970 to 1974 and, in 2003, Bonaduces eponymous debut LP was released in 1973 by Lion Records, a subsidiary label of MGM Records. Bonaduce has admitted that his vocals can barely be heard on the album, Bonaduce made several movies during and after the run of The Partridge Family. Perhaps the most memorable of his films was Corvette Summer starring Mark Hamill, Hamill and Bonaduce played high school students who went in search of a stolen customized Corvette Stingray. Bonaduce also made guest appearances on several TV shows, including the action drama CHiPs. His career withered in the early 1980s, in his autobiography, Bonaduce said that during a fourteen-year period from 1974 to 1988, he only worked twenty weeks. Bonaduce and Partridge Family co-star Dave Madden made cameo appearances in a 1994 episode of Married and that same year, he appeared on an episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast. Later, when the episode was supposed to be on DVD and he has also guest-starred in the first two episodes of the seventh season of CSI, Crime Scene Investigation and as the son of Shirley Jones character in the fourth season of The Drew Carey Show. Bonaduce has appeared as himself on the detective series Monk, Bonaduce guest-starred with J. D. Roth on an episode of Sex Wars
Danny Bonaduce
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Bonaduce in May 2007
Danny Bonaduce
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Bonaduce as Danny Partridge on the comedy series
The Partridge Family, 1970
26.
Todd Bridges
–
Todd Anthony Bridges is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his role as Willis Jackson on the sitcom Diffrent Strokes and he was a comedic commentator from 2008-2013 on the television series TruTV Presents, Worlds Dumbest. Bridges was born May 27,1965, in San Francisco and he is the son of Betty Alice Pryor, an actress, director, and manager, and James Bridges, Sr. an agent. Bridges brother Jimmy Bridges, nieces Penny Bridges, Brooke Bridges and Rachel Bridges, Bridges son, Spencir Bridges, from his divorced wife Dori Bridges née Smith, is also a child actor and appearing in the film Daddy Day Camp and an iCarly episode. Bridges has a daughter, Bo Bridges, from a previous relationship, in his 20s, Bridges battled a crack cocaine addiction for several years. In 1988, he was arrested and tried for the murder of Kenneth Tex Clay. Bridges pleaded not guilty to the charges and was represented by the defense attorney Johnnie Cochran. Cochran successfully portrayed Bridges as a minor who had been driven to drugs by an exploitative entertainment industry. A witness finally testified that Bridges was not present at the time of the shooting, Bridges was acquitted of all charges by a jury. Bridges appeared on The Waltons and Little House on the Prairie and he was a regular on the Barney Miller spinoff Fish. But it was as Willis Jackson on the long-running sitcom Diffrent Strokes that he made his name, along with fellow co-stars Conrad Bain, Dana Plato, Bridges, Mary Jo Catlett, Danny Cooksey and Charlotte Rae are Diffrent Strokes only surviving cast members. Bridges appeared as a contestant on a 2006 celebrity episode of Fear Factor, in January 2007, he appeared as a member of the mob on the US version of the game show 1 vs.100. He appeared on MyNetworkTVs new show, Decision House with his wife, Dori Bridges and he also had a recurring role on the sitcom Everybody Hates Chris. In March 2008, Bridges appeared on truTVs TruTV Presents, Worlds Dumbest and he continues to appear as a frequent commentator. That same year in October, he debuted as one of the contestants on Hulk Hogans Celebrity Championship Wrestling on the CMT Network and he was a member of Team Beefcake. On the show, Bridges wrestling persona was the character Mr, in one episode, he put the smack down on Tonya Harding with a lead pipe. The judges praised him for his athleticism and his cunning at defeating Harding, after reaching the finals along with Butterbean and Dustin Diamond, Bridges was defeated by Dennis Rodman. In 2015, Bridges was the host of a game show, Lovers or Losers, The Game Show, at the Plaza Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas
Todd Bridges
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Bridges at the
Big Apple Convention in
Manhattan, October 17, 2009.
27.
Bryan Callen
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Bryan Christopher Callen is an American actor, comedian, and podcaster. He studied acting at the Beverly Hills Playhouse, and got his start as one of the original cast members on the comedy series MADtv. Callen is co-host of the independent podcast The Fighter & The Kid. Callen was born in Manila, Philippines to American parents of Irish, Italian and his father was an international banker, so Bryan lived overseas until he was 14 years old in various countries including, Philippines, India, Pakistan, Lebanon, Greece and Saudi Arabia. He graduated from Northfield Mount Hermon High School in Gill, Massachusetts in 1985. He also currently holds a blue belt in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, Callen was one of the eight original cast members when MADtv debuted in 1995. Callens characters included Pool Boy from Cabana Chat with Dixie Wetsworth, motivational speaker Al Casdy, Callen played Rickys sexually abusive father on The Secret Life of the American Teenager on ABC Family. He also makes frequent appearances on Chelsea Lately and he hosted the E. show Bank of Hollywood, and currently appears as a commentator of The Smoking Gun Presents, Worlds Dumbest. on truTV. In November 2016 news emerged that ABC and Sony Pictures TV have produced a pilot and are looking to turn The Goldbergs into a franchise with an offshoot series. The network has handed a script commitment to the comedy project set in the 1990s centered around the recurring character Coach Mellor played by Bryan Callen. Callen co-wrote and co-starred in Dream Crushers with Will Sasso, Sara Rue, the series was shot in 2009 but unaired until 2011. He appeared with Melinda Hill in an episode of the 2012-13 web series Romantic Encounters, beginning 20 February 2012, Callen and fellow actors Will Sasso and Chris DElia began the Ten Minute Podcast. Tommy Blacha and Chad Kultgen have since replaced Callen and DElia, the Fighter and the Kid podcast has charted in multiple countries across the world, and garners over three million downloads per month. The dynamic duo are known for their comedic perspectives, not only in the realm of mixed martial arts, Schaub and Callen performed the podcast live to sold out crowds on a national tour in 2016. The tour included such venues as The Vic Theatre, Gramercy Theatre, in 2016 Schaub and Callen released The Fighter and the Kid 3D. The twelve episode digital download series features sketch comedy pieces spawned from the duos podcast personas. The series was ranked the #1 Comedy TV show on iTunes when it debuted in May 2016, surpassing the likes of Inside Amy Schumer, Key And Peele, and Tosh.0 on the charts. The Fighter and the Kid 3D also ranked #3 most downloaded TV show overall on the charts, topping hits series such as Game of Thrones. Schaub and Callen regularly appear alongside Joe Rogan during live event broadcasts, such as the UFC and Glory kickboxing and they also appeared on the MTV show Ridiculousness, hosted by Rob Dyrdek, in June 2016
Bryan Callen
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Callen in April 2011
28.
Rob Delaney (comedian)
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Rob Delaney is an American comedian, actor, and writer. Delaney was raised in Marblehead, Massachusetts and he attended New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts and graduated with a degree in musical theater in 1999. Delaney first came to the attention of the public via Twitter, by 2016, Delaney had over 1.2 million followers. While other comics were hesitant to share their material on social media, Delaney credits comedy writer and director Graham Linehan with his rise in popularity after Linehan began responding to Delaneys tweets. In 2010, Paste magazine named Delaney one of the ten funniest people on Twitter, in May 2012, he became the first comedian to win the Funniest Person on Twitter Award at The Comedy Awards hosted by Comedy Central. Delaney has written articles for Vice as well as The Guardian. Cabbage. was published by Spiegel & Grau in November 2013, in December 2011, Comedy Central announced that Delaney would shoot a pilot for a variety show, called @RobDelaney. Delaney and Sharon Horgan co-wrote and co-star in Catastrophe, a comedy series for the British Channel 4 that began airing in the UK on 19 January 2015. It has been renewed for a third and fourth series, since moving to the UK in 2014, Delaney has appeared on several British panel shows, including Have I Got News for You, Would I Lie to You. 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown, The Big Fat Quiz of the Year, Delaney is also well known for trying to scrub, what is widely considered the worst Jimmy Kimmel appearance in history, from the Internet. Delaney is married and has three children, Delaney has publicly shared his experience with clinical depression and alcohol addiction. In 2002, Delaney blacked out while driving and drove his car into a building owned by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, in the wreck, he broke his left wrist and right arm, and had both of his knees scratched to the bone. This prompted Delaney to stop drinking, and he has been sober since February 4,2002, Delaney is a left wing progressive and often writes about political issues. He supported Bernie Sanders in the 2016 Democratic primary and voted for Hillary Clinton in the subsequent general election, official website Rob Delaney at the Internet Movie Database
Rob Delaney (comedian)
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Rob Delaney
29.
Tonya Harding
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Tonya Maxene Harding is an American former figure skater. She was a two-time Olympian and a two-time Skate America Champion, in 1991, she won the U. S. Figure Skating Championships and placed second in the World Championships, Harding was the second woman to complete a triple axel jump in competition. In 1994, she was banned for life from the U. S, Figure Skating Association after pleading guilty to hindering the prosecution following the attack on fellow skater Nancy Kerrigan. Tonya Harding was born November 12,1970 in Portland, Oregon, the daughter of LaVona Fay Golden and she and her brother Karl grew up in Portland. Her father had health problems that left him unable to work. Harding began skating at age three, Tonya landed her first triple lutz at age 12. Harding stopped attending David Douglas High School in Portland during her sophomore year, Tonya Harding has stated that by the time she was 7 years old, she was mentally and physically abused by her mother. Her mother has admitted to one instance of hitting Tonya at an ice rink, Harding began working her way up the competitive skating ladder in the mid-1980s, placing sixth at the 1986 U. S. Figure Skating Championships, fifth in 1987 and 1988, and third in 1989 and she was considered a strong contender at the 1990 U. S. While she was a powerful free skater, she typically had lower placements in the compulsory figures, at the 1991 World Championships, she again completed the triple axel jump but finished second to Kristi Yamaguchi. In her career, Harding successfully completed four triple axels in competition. All of them were in 1991, where she completed each one she tried, one at the U. S. Championships, another at the World Championships, and two at the Fall 1991 Skate America competition. Despite these record-breaking performances, she was never able to perform the triple axel in a competition after 1991. In 1992, she placed third in the U. S, Championships after twisting her ankle in practice. She finished fourth in the 1992 Winter Olympics, and in the 1992 World Championships, in the 1993 season, she skated poorly in the U. S. Championships and failed to qualify for the World Championship team, Harding was a member of the U. S. ice skating team at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. Amid controversy before and during the Games, she finished in place, far behind Oksana Baiul
Tonya Harding
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Harding (right) at
Portland, Oregon, reception shortly after the
1994 Winter Olympics
Tonya Harding
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Ice Chalet at Portland's
Lloyd Center, where Harding began skating at age three.
Tonya Harding
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Harding's practice sessions at
Clackamas Town Center, in preparation for the 1994 Winter Olympics, were attended by thousands of spectators and dozens of reporters and film crews.
Tonya Harding
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Tonya Harding arriving at
Portland International Airport after the 1994 Olympics.
30.
Natasha Leggero
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Natasha Leggero is an American actress, comedian and former frequent roundtable panelist on friend Chelsea Handlers late-night talk show Chelsea Lately. She currently stars alongside Riki Lindhome in the Comedy Central series Another Period and she has performed at such festivals as SXSW, Bonnaroo, the Sasquatch Music Festival, and the Montreal Comedy Festival. Leggero was born in Rockford, Illinois and is of Italian and she has stated that a DNA test revealed 6% Sub-Saharan African ancestry. Leggero was raised Roman Catholic but converted to Judaism as an adult and she began performing at age 10, in plays in Chicago. Leggero attended Rockford East High School, and worked at a store as a teenager. After graduating from school, Leggero attended Illinois State University. While at Illinois State, Leggero auditioned for the Stella Adler Conservatory in Chicago and she then relocated to New York City to attend the conservatory, spending two years studying. She then moved to Los Angeles shortly after graduation, Leggero shot an unaired pilot called The Strip for NBC, with Tom Lennon and Ben Garant from Reno 911. Alongside Andy Kindler and Greg Giraldo, she was a judge on the 2010 season of NBCs Last Comic Standing, Leggero played Emma in NBCs 2011 sitcom Free Agents. From 2010 to January 2012, Leggero co-hosted The Lavender Hour podcast with comedian Duncan Trussell, on February 17,2012, she appeared on The Adam Carolla Show. In 2012, Leggero appeared in six episodes of NBCs Are You There, Chelsea. as Nikki, Leggero was featured in every first-season episode starting with the second episode, Sloanes Ex. In 2012, she played the sex-obsessed Haley in the web series Burning Love. In 2013, Leggero appeared in an episode of the Drunk History television series on Comedy Central, on September 2,2013, Leggero participated in the Comedy Central Roast of James Franco as one of the Roasters. On September 3,2013 Brickleberry premiered in its second season, Leggero voiced the busty ranger Ethel in place of Kaitlin Olson, who was in the first season only. Tubbin with Tash debuted on October 2,2013 on Leggeros YouTube channel, the premise of the show is Natasha Leggero interviewing guests while in a hot tub. In 2015, Leggero and Riki Lindhome created the Comedy Central series Another Period, which they star in together. Do we really believe that the people who fought and defended our freedom against Nazis, sorry, I have more respect for Veterans than to think their honor can be impugned by a glamorous, charming comedian in a fur hat. She also called on those offended by the remarks to donate to Disabled American Veterans, Leggero is married to comedian Moshe Kasher
Natasha Leggero
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Natasha Leggero at ComicCon.
31.
Loni Love
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Loni Love is an American comedian and actress. While working as an engineer in 2003, Love began to pursue a career in music engineering. She was the runner-up on Star Search 2003 and was named among the Top 10 Comics to Watch in both Variety and Comedy Central in 2009. She is currently one of the hosts of The Real talk show along with Jeannie Mai, Tamera Mowry and Adrienne Bailon, Love was born in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in the Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects. Prior to her career as a comedian, she was an electrical engineer, Love then received her bachelors degree in electrical engineering from Prairie View A&M University in Texas. While at Prairie View, she minored in music and was also a member of the Eta Beta Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta and it was there that she discovered stand-up comedy after winning a $50 competition and then performed frequently during her college life. After finding work as an engineer at Xerox in California, she continued to do stand-up after work in clubs, after eight years of working at Xerox, Love resigned to pursue comedy during a layoff to prevent someone else from losing their job. Recently Love did a show on VH1 called I love the 2000s which she gives her view on 2000-2009s pop culture highlights and became a Roundtable panelist for her friend and fellow comic Chelsea Handler. Love started her career in 2004, after appearing on Star Search, reaching the finals. Since then, she has appeared in films and numerous television shows and she has also acted in dramatic theatre plays. Love was named Hot Comic for 2009 in Campus Activity magazine and one of the Top 10 Comics to Watch in both Variety and Comedy Central and she was awarded the Jury Prize for best stand-up at the 2003 US Comedy Arts Festival. In 2008 Love became the CNN correspondent for D. L. Hughley Breaks the News and she also appears regularly in comedy clubs and the college comedy circuit. In late 2009, Love recorded her first one-hour Comedy Central special, Americas Sister, in 2013, Loni released her first comedy advice book titled Love Him Or Leave Him But Dont Get Stuck With The Tab. It was published by Simon and Schuster, in 2015, she appeared in the comedy film Paul Blart, Mall Cop 2, with Kevin James, and the action film Bad Asses on the Bayou, with Danny Trejo and Danny Glover. Loni Love at the Internet Movie Database
Loni Love
–
Love in 2009
32.
Jimmy McMillan
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McMillan is best known as the founder of the Rent Is Too Damn High Party, a New York-based political party. McMillan has run for office at least six times since 1993 and he declared in December 2010 that he would run in the 2012 U. S. presidential election as a Republican. He did not appear on the ballot in any state and suspended his campaign to return to the Rent Is Too Damn High Party and he attempted to run for Governor again in the 2014 election but he did not make the ballot. He later endorsed Republican candidate Donald Trump, stating that Hes the only one who is supporting my brother veterans, McMillans first run for political office came in 1993, when he ran for Mayor of New York on the Rent Is Too Damn High ticket. He was disqualified from the ballot for coming 300 petition signatures short of the 7,500 needed to qualify for the election ballot. When he arrived in Buffalo, the site of the state Democratic convention, after failing to collect enough signatures to get onto the ballot, he continued in a write-in campaign. McMillan ran for the United States Senate in the 2000 election in New York but was removed from the ballot, McMillan qualified for the November general election ballot for Mayor of New York City in 2005 and 2009. In 2005, he received over 4,111 votes and in 2009, McMillan received 13,355 votes in the 2006 gubernatorial election, coming fifth out of six candidates. For the 2010 campaign, McMillan filed petitions to appear on the Democratic primary ballot, credico, in response, called McMillan a jack-off and a sorry ass, accusing him of working against me, turn in a wagonload of blank pages and then Albany in brand new automobiles. After the debate, McMillan garnered significant attention from the media, McMillan gained almost as many votes as Libertarian Party candidate Warren Redlich, and nearly double the votes of Anti-Prohibition Party candidate Kristin M. Davis. Regarding his use of gloves during the debate, Im a war vet. Dont forget I was in Vietnam for two and half years and I have three Bronze Stars, but the chemicals of Agent Orange — dioxin and a lot of other mixed up — I would get sick. When I get home tonight, I know Im not going to be able to breathe if I take them off and it could be psychological, I dont know, but I just put em on and wear them anyway. McMillans gubernatorial campaign was the subject of an independent, feature-length documentary titled DAMN, filmmakers Aaron Fisher-Cohen and Kristian Almgren documented McMillan throughout his campaign for Governor of New York, as well as the events immediately following McMillans loss of the election. The film was a selection at the Little Rock Film Festival in Arkansas, as well as at the Brooklyn Film Festival. McMillan was a member of the Democratic Party. Then, on December 23,2010, he said that he would switch parties and run as a Republican in the 2012 U. S. presidential election, an Outsider Odyssey, directed by Steve Onderick. McMillan and Supreme made a pact, each agreeing to act as president for the other if either were elected
Jimmy McMillan
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McMillan in
Brooklyn,
New York
Jimmy McMillan
–
McMillan's significant media coverage spawned imitators, such as these two men at the
Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear in
Washington, D.C.
33.
Chuck Nice
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Chuck Nice is an American stand up comic and radio personality from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where he started his career leading the karaoke room atop new-wave dance club The Bank. He was also a show host on QVCs sister show Q2, Nice was heard on The Radio Chick, the RadioChick was a featured show on now defunct Shovio. coms TalkBackTV. Nice is a frequent contributor to VH1’s Best Week Ever and truTVs The Smoking Gun Presents, Worlds Dumbest. comedy Club, and Comic Strip Live in NYC. He has been featured in a commercial for Enterprise Rent-A-Car and he often co-hosts the radio show and podcast StarTalk alongside astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, and has also been the most frequent co-host on the TV adaptation. Starting on February 1,2017, Nice has also been the permanent co-host of the StarTalk spinoff Playing with Science and he appeared on The Tyra Banks Show with Best Week Evers Michelle Collins. He is also currently the host of the Top 10 Countdown that airs weekly on the Centric Network and he also hosts HGTVs Buy Like a Mega-Millionaire. Chuck Nice at the Internet Movie Database Chuck Nices Official website
Chuck Nice
–
v
34.
Chelsea Peretti
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Chelsea Vanessa Peretti is an American comedian, actress, and writer. She is best known for portraying Gina Linetti on the Fox comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine, paste ranked her Twitter account #75 on the The 75 Best Twitter Accounts of 2014. Peretti was born and raised in Oakland, California, the daughter of an Italian American father and her older brother is internet entrepreneur Jonah Peretti, who founded BuzzFeed and co-founded The Huffington Post. Peretti attended The College Preparatory School in Oakland and she moved to New York City in 1996 to attend Barnard College and graduated in 2000. She attended elementary school with her Brooklyn Nine-Nine co-star Andy Samberg, Peretti has written for The Village Voice, Details, Playgirl, Jest, American Theatre Magazine, as well as online publications like The Huffington Post. While in New York she made films with Variety SHAC, a comedy troupe she formed in 2004 along with Andrea Rosen, Heather Lawless. After moving to Los Angeles, Peretti made appearances on such as Louie, The Sarah Silverman Program, TruTV Presents, Worlds Dumbest. She appeared as a guest correspondent on one episode of Lopez Tonight interviewing local citizens about Prop 8, in July 2010, Peretti made Variety magazines Ten Comics to Watch in 2010 list. Peretti is credited as a writer on six episodes of the television show Parks, Peretti also appeared on the UKs Channel 4 show The Big Fat Quiz of Everything. She has made several guest appearances on podcasts including Doug Loves Movies and you Made It Weird with Pete Holmes, The Todd Glass Show, The Lavender Hour, The Bone Zone with Brendon Walsh and Randy Liedtke, and Comedy Bang. In October 2012, Peretti launched her own call-in podcast, Call Chelsea Peretti, Peretti guest-starred in the Comedy Central series Kroll Show as Farley, a love interest of Bobby Bottleservice. As of 2013, Peretti has been a regular on Foxs detective/police comedy Brooklyn Nine-Nine playing Gina Linetti. Peretti began dating actor Jordan Peele in March 2013 and they became engaged in November 2015. On April 26,2016, Peretti announced on Instagram that she, on February 5,2017, Peretti announced on Instagram that she was pregnant with her first child. Chelsea Peretti at the Internet Movie Database Chelsea Peretti on Twitter VarietyShac. com Official Tumblr page for the Call Chelsea Peretti podcast
Chelsea Peretti
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Peretti performing in
Los Angeles in 2013.
35.
Frank Stallone
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Frank P. Stallone, Jr. is an American actor, singer/guitarist and songwriter. He is the brother of Sylvester Stallone. Stallone was born in New York City and he is the younger brother of actor Sylvester Stallone and the son of Jacqueline Jackie Stallone, an astrologer, former dancer, and promoter of womens wrestling, and Frank Stallone, Sr. a hairdresser. His father was an Italian immigrant, and his mothers family was from Brittany, in his teen years, he went to Lincoln High School in Northeast Philadelphia. Frank started his career around the time of high school singing on street corners, Stallone has worked as a singer in the tradition of American big band jazz and popular music, in a vocal style reminiscent of his idol Frank Sinatra. He tours with his own orchestra under conductor Paul Vesco, and has worked with conductors Sammy Nestico. Stallone has released a number of albums, including Day In Day Out with Sammy Nestico, Stallone wrote and performed Far from Over for the 1983 film Staying Alive. The song was released mid April 1983, the song peaked at #10 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming his only major pop hit. A self-titled album soon followed from RSO, in the style of 1980s pop, the album featured a slightly remixed version of Far from Over as well as the song, Darlin, which peaked at #81 on the Billboard Hot 100 in May 1984. In the mid-1990s, Stallone became the subject of a gag on Saturday Night Live. During each episode, Macdonald would read a news headline, then would propose a question asking the cause of that news. At that moment, a publicity photo of Stallone would appear on the screen behind Macdonald, example, In economic news, unemployment figures rose slightly for the month of October, with declines in the Dow Jones and NASDAQ. The reason for the sudden downturn, Stallone also played himself in a recurring role on the short-lived sitcom Movie Stars, alongside fellow celebrity siblings Don Swayze and Joey Travolta. Stallone is also a boxer and appeared as a boxing consultant on the NBC reality television series The Contender in 2005. Frank Stallone has appeared on the Howard Stern Radio and television show on several occasions, during one appearance on the Howard Stern Show, Frank Stallone had a boxing match with television reporter Geraldo Rivera, Frank Stallone won the bout. In 2007, he appeared as himself at a meeting of Siblings Anonymous in the film Fred Claus, in 2008, he embarked on a tour with his own Frank Stallone Band, which features himself on lead vocals and rhythm guitar. He was the second celebrity eliminated and was eliminated in the second episode. He performed a one off show, Let Me Be Frank With You at the Forum Theatre in Melbourne, Australia, himself Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job
Frank Stallone
–
Frank Stallone in May 2012
36.
Mike Trainor
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Mike Trainor is an American stand-up comedian and writer. Currently, Trainor is a writer and producer for The Howard Stern Show and he also provided commentary on the TruTV series truTV Presents, Worlds Dumbest. Trainor grew up in West Orange, New Jersey and he began performing stand-up comedy in the summer of 2003 after graduating from Elon University. Trainor is a member of the Kappa Alpha Order, Trainor began his career in New York City. Trainor also started off his career worked for the radio stations Q104.3 and WCBS880, Trainor has been featured in Maxim Magazine and for a while was a regular contributor to CollegeHumor. com. From 2004 to 2006 he was the co-host and producer of the show Four Quotas on Sirius Satellite Radio alongside Steve Hofstetter, in 2012 Trainor was featured in a Golden Corral ad campaign. Trainor currently is a writer and producer for The Howard Stern Show and he also provided humorous commentary on the show TruTV Presents, Worlds Dumbest. In 2009, Trainor released a book, Fat Things, They Might Not Make You Fat, But You Have Them in Common with Fat People, in 2010, Trainor released his first comedy album, Giant, via Next Round Entertainment. Official website Mike Trainor on Twitter Mike Trainor at the Internet Movie Database
Mike Trainor
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Trainor enjoying breakfast
37.
WHOIS
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The protocol stores and delivers database content in a human-readable format. The WHOIS protocol is documented in RFC3912, when the Internet was emerging out of the ARPANET, there was only one organization that handled all domain registrations, which was DARPA itself. The process of registration was established in RFC920, WHOIS was standardized in the early 1980s to look up domains, people and other resources related to domain and number registrations. As all registration was done by one organization at that time and this made looking up such information very easy. Responsibility of domain registration remained with DARPA as the ARPANET became the Internet during the 1980s, UUNET began offering domain registration service, however they simply handled the paperwork which they forwarded to the DARPA Network Information Center. Then the National Science Foundation directed that management of Internet domain registration would be handled by commercial, interNIC was formed in 1993 under contract with the NSF, consisting of Network Solutions, Inc. The General Atomics contract was canceled several years due to performance issues. 20th century WHOIS servers were highly permissive and would allow wild-card searches, a WHOIS query of a persons last name would yield all individuals with that name. A query with a given keyword returned all registered domains containing that keyword, a query for a given administrative contact returned all domains the administrator was associated with. Since the advent of the commercialized Internet, multiple registrars and unethical spammers, on December 1,1999, management of the top-level domains com, net, and org was assigned to ICANN. At the time, these TLDs were converted to a thin WHOIS model, existing WHOIS clients stopped working at that time. This eventually became the model of the modern WHOIS client, by 2005, there were many more generic top-level domains than there had been in the early 1980s. There are also many more country-code top-level domains and this has led to a complex network of domain name registrars and registrar associations, especially as the management of Internet infrastructure has become more internationalized. As such, performing a WHOIS query on a domain requires knowing the correct, Tools to do WHOIS proxy searches have become common. In 2003, an IETF committee was formed to create a new standard for looking up information on domain names and network numbers,3982 - Newton, A. Sanz, M. IRIS, A Domain Registry Type for the Internet Registry Information Service. 3983 - Newton, A. Sanz, M, using the Internet Registry Information Service over the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol. 4992 - Newton, A. XML Pipelining with Chunks for the Internet Registry Information Service, the status of RFCs this group worked on can be found on the IETF Tools site. As of March 2009, the CRISP IETF Working Group concluded, after a final RFC5144 was published by the group Newton, Andrew, Sanz, a Domain Availability Check Registry Type for the Internet Registry Information Service
WHOIS
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Regional Internet Registries
38.
Turner Broadcasting System
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The company was founded in 1970, and merged with Time Warner on October 10,1996. It now operates as a unit of Time Warner. The companys assets include CNN, HLN, TBS, TNT, Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Boomerang, the companys current chairman and CEO is John K. Martin. Across Interstate 75/85 from the Techwood campus is the home of Turners WTBS superstation. By careful programming acquisitions, Turner guided the station to success, during December 1976, WTCG originated the superstation concept, transmitting via satellite to cable systems. On December 17,1976 at 1,00 pm, WTCG Channel 17s signal was beamed via satellite to its four cable systems in Grand Island, Nebraska, Newport News, Virginia, Troy, Alabama, and Newton, Kansas. All four cable systems started receiving the 1948 Dana Andrews - Cesar Romero film Deep Waters already in progress, the movie had started 30 minutes earlier. WTCG went from being a television station to a major TV network that every one of the 24,000 households outside of the 675,000 in Atlanta was receiving coast-to-coast. WTCG became a so-called Superstation and created a precedent of todays basic cable television, HBO had gone to satellite transmissions to distribute its signal nationally in 1975, but that was a service cable subscribers were made to pay extra to receive. Ted Turners innovation signaled the start of the cable revolution. In 1979, the changed its name to Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. On June 1,1980, CNN was launched at 17,00 EST becoming the first 24-hour news cable channel, in 1981, Turner Broadcasting System acquired Brut Productions from Faberge Inc. In 1984, Turner initiated Cable Music Channel, his competition for WASECs MTV, the channel was short-lived, but helped influence the original format of VH1. In 1986, after an attempt to acquire CBS, Turner purchased the film studio MGM/UA Entertainment Co. from Kirk Kerkorian for $1.5 billion. Following the acquisition, Turner had a debt and sold parts of the acquisition. MGM/UA Entertainment was sold back to Kirk Kerkorian, the MGM/UA Studio lot in Culver City was sold to Lorimar/Telepictures. Turner kept MGMs pre-May 1986 and pre-merger film and TV library Turner Entertainment Co. was founded on August 4,1986, on October 3,1988, the company launched Turner Network Television. Turner expanded its presence in movie production and distribution, first with the 1991 purchase of the Hanna-Barbera animation studio, on December 22,1993, Turner acquired Castle Rock Entertainment
Turner Broadcasting System
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Aerial view of the
CNN Center, which houses the headquarters of Turner Broadcasting System
39.
Boomerang (TV channel)
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Boomerang is an American digital and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. Launched in 1992 globally and in 2000 for the United States, Boomerang originated as a programming block and it eventually grew into its own separate channel and identity, and similarly shares the same brand and likeness as Cartoon Network. It has a fluid and improvisational schedule of programming blocks and television shows. As of February 2015, approximately 43.6 million households access the channel, much of the programming that made up the core of Boomerangs lineup was originally part of TBSs Disaster Area, a block of childrens programming that aired on that network from 1997 to 1999. Boomerang had originated a programming block airing on Cartoon Network that debuted on December 8,1992 and it was aimed towards the generation of baby boomers and was similar to the Vault Disney nostalgia block that would debut five years later on the Disney Channel. It originally aired for four hours every weekend, but the start time had changed frequently. The Saturday block moved to Saturday afternoons, then back to the morning. Eventually, Boomerang was shortened by an hour, reducing it from four hours to three each weekend, Turner Broadcasting System eventually converted Boomerang into a standalone cable channel that debuted on April 1,2000. On February 4,2014, as part of the companys 2014 upfronts, Turner Broadcasting announced that Boomerang would become advertising-supported, on January 19,2015, the U. S. A few providers do not carry the channel, instead only offering the networks video on demand service bundled with Cartoon Network. The network is offered exclusively in standard definition, with no current plans for a high definition simulcast, historically, Boomerang avoided overt channel drift and, despite adding newer content to its library, continued to air programming from the breadth of its archives. As of spring 2014, however, most of its programming has been relegated to graveyard slots while the daytime schedule has increasingly been dominated by programming from the 1990s. Most other programs aired by Boomerang stay on the schedule for several weeks, then are rotated out, not all of the Time Warner animation library is currently available to Boomerang. Boomerang also occasionally licenses programming from other distributors, such as The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoon shorts, which were dropped by Boomerang since 2007, returned to the schedule on October 5,2013. Although Boomerangs programming philosophy was originally intended to showcase classic cartoons, on January 1,2012, the channel began airing episodes of Puppy in My Pocket, Adventures in Pocketville, which ended in February 2013. On November 17 and 24,2012, Boomerang aired new episodes of Ben 10, Omniverse, Boomerang reintroduced the Wedgies series of animated shorts in 2013. Boomerang also began airing Teen Titans Go. and The Amazing World of Gumball on December 1,2014, numb Chucks was picked up by Boomerang for first-run broadcast in the United States on January 10,2015, after initially having been announced for Cartoon Network. On June 28,2015, it was announced that Boomerang would receive original programs such as Wabbit, Be Cool, Scooby-Doo. and an animated adaptation of Bunnicula
Boomerang (TV channel)
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Boomerang
40.
Cartoon Network
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Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1,1992, the channel primarily broadcasts childrens shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It operates daily from 6,00 AM to 11,00 PM, a Spanish language audio track for select programs is accessible via second audio programing, some cable and satellite companies offer the Spanish feed as a separate channel. It is also the channel of Turner-owned Boomerang. As of January 2016, Cartoon Network is available to approximately 94.0 million pay television households in the United States, however, Turner kept much of MGMs film and television library made prior to May 1986 and formed Turner Entertainment. On October 3,1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library. In 1991, Turner Entertainment purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions for US $320 million, on February 18,1992, Turner Broadcasting System announced its plans to launch the Cartoon Network as an outlet for Turners considerable library of animation. Initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of classic Warner Bros. cartoons, the 1933–1957 Popeye cartoons, MGM cartoons, at first, cable providers in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D. C. and Detroit carried the channel. By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had an 8, from its launch until 1995, the networks announcers said the networks name with the word The added before Cartoon Network, thus calling the network The Cartoon Network. By the time that the network debuted, Cartoon Network also operated a block that aired on TNT. Cartoon Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract an audience, however, Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hour news coverage. Initially, the channel would broadcast cartoons 24 hours a day, late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white cartoons, and ToonHeads would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the cartoons. There was also an afternoon block called High Noon Toons. The majority of the animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer air on a regular basis, with the exception of Tom and Jerry. A challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing cable systems, when launched on October 1,1992, the channel was only carried by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package deals, New subscribers to sister channels TNT and TBS could also get access to Cartoon Network through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994, Cartoon Network had become the fifth most popular channel in the United States
Cartoon Network
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Cartoon Network
41.
Toonami
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Toonami is a brand name geared towards action-oriented programming, primarily consisting of American animation and Japanese anime. Originally an afternoon and evening block on Cartoon Network and ended on September 20,2008, the brand was created by Sean Akins and Jason DeMarco and produced by Williams Street. The name is a portmanteau of the cartoon and tsunami. Toonami initially ran on Cartoon Network from 1997 to 2008, in its original run, the block was famous for showcasing action anime that became widely popular with American audiences. It was also recognized for its distinctive space-themed backdrop, anime music videos, drum and bass-flavored soundtrack, on May 26,2012, Adult Swim relaunched Toonami as an adult-oriented animated block, which continues as a Saturday night action block from its forerunner, Midnight Run. Shows from the lineup have occasionally returned, along with newer shows. Toonami was Cartoon Networks primary action-animation block, the block premiered on March 17,1997. It initially replaced Power Zone, Cartoon Networks most recent incarnation of the Super Adventures block, Toonami was originally a weekday afternoon cartoon and action block hosted by Space Ghost villain-turned-producer Moltar at the Ghost Planet Industries building from 1997 to July 9,1999. It was originally a five-hour Saturday night block at midnight EST until March 2000, when it moved to weeknights in an hour-long format until January 2003. It ran from 1999 to 2003, broadcast from 12,00 am EST to 5,00 am from 1999 to 2000 and it consisted of anime such as Dragon Ball Z, Sailor Moon, Voltron, Robotech, Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, and Outlaw Star. Midnight Run tended to have more blood and violence than its daytime counterpart, another event was Dragon Ball Z taking over the Midnight Run for a week starting on March 26–30,2001. Starting in September 2000, Toonami presented special interactive events known as Total Immersion Events, the first TIE was The Intruder, which introduced T. O. M. s companion, an AI matrix known as S. A. R. A. The Intruder was an eight episode mini-series that aired during Toonami from September 18–27,2000 and it involved the Absolution being attacked by an alien blob known only as the Intruder, which ultimately devoured T. O. M. Though The Intruder resulted in the destruction of T. O. M and he was soon after upgraded by S. A. R. A. From a short Bomberman-esque character to a taller, sleeker, deeper-voiced incarnation dubbed T. O. M, a Saturday morning incarnation, Toonami Rising Sun, ran from 2000 to 2003 at 9,00 am to noon. It later ran from 10,00 am to 1,00 pm and this block was somewhat hampered to avoid competing with sister network Kids WB. From July 30,2001, until June 28,2002, Kids WB aired a Toonami block that was, more or less, the Kids WB lineup with the Toonami name. In spring 2002, Kids WB announced that they would drop the Toonami name from their weekday lineup, fights to save the Absolution from an attack by a giant trash compactor
Toonami
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Past Toonami logos
Toonami
42.
CNN
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The Cable News Network is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. It was founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner as a 24-hour cable news channel, upon its launch, CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage, and was the first all-news television channel in the United States. While the news channel has numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts from the Time Warner Center in New York City and its headquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta is only used for weekend programming. CNN is sometimes referred to as CNN/U. S. to distinguish the American channel from its sister network. As of August 2010, CNN is available in over 100 million U. S. households, broadcast coverage of the U. S. channel extends to over 890,000 American hotel rooms, as well as carriage on cable and satellite providers throughout Canada. Globally, CNN programming airs through CNN International, which can be seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories, as of February 2015, CNN is available to about 96,289,000 cable, satellite, and telco television households in the United States. The Cable News Network was launched at 5,00 p. m. Eastern Time on June 1,1980, after an introduction by Ted Turner, the husband and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart anchored the channels first newscast. Burt Reinhardt, the vice president of CNN at its launch, hired most of the channels first 200 employees, including the networks first news anchor. Since its debut, CNN has expanded its reach to a number of cable and satellite providers, several websites. The company has 36 bureaus, more than 900 affiliated local stations, the channels success made a bona-fide mogul of founder Ted Turner and set the stage for conglomerate Time Warners eventual acquisition of the Turner Broadcasting System in 1996. A companion channel, CNN2, was launched on January 1,1982, on January 28,1986, CNN carried the only live television coverage of the launch and subsequent break-up of Space Shuttle Challenger, which killed all seven crew members on board. On October 14,1987, Jessica McClure, an 18-month-old toddler, fell down a well in Midland, CNN quickly reported on the story, and the event helped make its name. This was before correspondents reported live from the capital while American bombs were falling. Before Saddam Hussein held a press conference with a few of the hundreds of Americans he was holding hostage. Before the nation watched, riveted but powerless, as Los Angeles was looted and burned, before O. J. Simpson took a slow ride in a white Bronco, and before everyone close to his case had an agent and a book contract. This was uncharted territory just a time ago. The moment when bombing began was announced on CNN by Bernard Shaw on January 16,1991, as follows, lets describe to our viewers what were seeing. The skies over Baghdad have been illuminated, were seeing bright flashes going off all over the sky
CNN
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Replica of the newsroom at CNN Center.
CNN
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CNN
CNN
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Operation Desert Storm as captured live on a CNN
night vision camera with reporters narrating.
CNN
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The stage for the second 2008
CNN-YouTube presidential debate.
43.
CNN Airport
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CNN Airport is a satellite television network that is owned by Turner Private Networks, a subsidiary of the Turner Broadcasting System, a division of Time Warner. The service broadcasts general news, weather, stock market updates, entertainment, the founding management was led by Jon Petrovich and Scott Weiss. Deborah Cooper was the inaugural vice president/general manager, and continues in the role today, CNN Airport Network airs in 47 airports across the United States. CNN Airport alternates between live CNN and HLN programming, it also airs additional weather, business and travel segments designed for air travelers, CNN Airport broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with around-the-clock technical and editorial staffing. CNN Airport also screens out material that is sexually explicit or portrays graphic violence
CNN Airport
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CNN Airport Network control room at the
CNN Center in
Atlanta, Georgia.
44.
CNN International
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The channel carries news, current affairs, politics, sports, opinions, features and business programming worldwide, it cooperates with parent network CNNs national and international news bureaus. CNN International is available in most countries, its international reach includes more than 200 million households, for most viewers it is free-to-air, though some pay television providers include it in their programming packages, or issue a virtual channel to the FTA version on the same satellite. The current managing director of CNN International is Tony Maddox, CNN International, in large part a result of Ted Turners globalization ideals, began broadcasting on September 1,1985, at first primarily broadcasting to American business travelers in hotels. The first studio for CNNI was at CNNs original studio building known as Techwood, Today, it is home to the Turner Studios complex that houses the entertainment channels. Other early studios in Atlanta were tucked away in various corners of the CNN Center, the vast majority of the networks programming originally consisted of simulcasts of the two domestic CNN channels. In 1990, however, the amount of programming produced by CNNI especially for international viewers increased significantly. A new newsroom and studio complex was built in 1994, as CNN decided to compete against BBC World Service Televisions news programming, CNNI emerged as an internationally oriented news channel, with staff members of various national backgrounds, even though some accusations of a pro-U. S. CNN International was awarded the Liberty Medal on July 4,1997, Ted Turner, in accepting the medal on behalf of the network, said, My idea was, were just going to give people the facts. We didnt have to show liberty and democracy as good, if we just showed them both the way they were. Clearly everybodys going to choose liberty and democracy, the network undertook another major rebranding effort in 2006 overseen by the award winning creative vision of Mark Wright and London agency Kemistry. The ticker was replaced by a flipper, on-screen graphics were more unified and from October 2007 until August 2008, new studios were progressively rolled out. However, on January 1,2009, CNN International adopted the lower-thirds that CNN/US had introduced a month earlier which were inspired by the modern design of the CNNI rebrand efforts. In the U. S. CNNI North America was distributed overnight and on weekends over the CNNfn financial channel, until that channels demise in December 2004. It is now available as a standalone, full-time channel, usually as part of packages of cable providers including Time Warner Cable, AT&T U-Verse, Verizon FiOS. On September 21,2009, the channel launched a new tagline Go Beyond Borders, along with a new logo, the slogan Go Beyond Borders emphasizes the international perspective that gives the information in this string and the plurality of the audiences. With this tagline, CNN also refers to the platforms to disseminate their contents. The new image was created by the creativity and marketing department, an important element of the rebrand was a new evening program that adds the broadcast of programs Amanpour and World One. The makeover of CNN International has subject to a lot of criticism on both the new prime time lineup and the redesigned graphics, then, CNN International adapted half-hour shows in its schedule with a new evening prime program for Middle East viewers, Prism
CNN International
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The
CNN Center in Atlanta.
CNN International
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CNN International
CNN International
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CNN Center studios.
CNN International
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The CNN International logo on a table viewed inside the CNN Center in Atlanta. These tables have since been removed.
45.
HLN (TV network)
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HLN is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. The channel is a spin-off of the U. S, since 2005, however, its format has increasingly shifted to long-form tabloid-, opinion-, crime-, and entertainment news-related programming. In 2014, the network further re-focused with an emphasis on social media, as of July 2015, HLN is available to approximately 97 million American households in the United States making it the most distributed American cable network. Since the mid-2000s, HLN has been available internationally on cable and satellite in parts of Asia, the channel originally launched as CNN2 on January 1,1982. In January of the year, it was renamed Headline News. From around that point until 1992, the channel was often abbreviated as HN, another regular feature, the Hollywood Minute, was often fitted-in after the Headline Sports segment. In the channels early years, a recap of the hours top stories. Its longest-serving news anchor was Chuck Roberts, who retired on July 30,2010, during its first year, Headline News had a competitor in the form of ABC/Group Ws Satellite News Channel, which operated from June 21,1982 to October 27,1983. SNCs satellite slot was purchased by Ted Turner to expand Headline News reach further into additional homes. Jon Petrovich was hired in the mid-1980s by Turner to lead Headline News, the channel included the CNN branding in its name intermittently for most of its history, before being incorporated on a regular basis from 1997 to 2007. In 1992, the added the Headline News SportsTicker, which showed sports scores and schedules for the days upcoming games. Cities to the ticker, the ticker itself would add the Headline News logo, on January 8,1992, Headline News almost became the victim of a hoax. At 9,45 a. m. anchor Don Harrison prepared to break the story, stating This just in to CNN Headline News, Executive producer Roger Bahre, who was off-camera, immediately yelled No. After glancing away momentarily, Harrison continued, We are now getting a correction and we will not give you that story. It was regarding some rather tragic news involving President Bush, but updating that story and it turned out that an Idaho man, James Edward Smith, called CNN posing as the presidents physician. A CNN employee entered the information into a computer used by both CNN and Headline News, and it nearly got out on the air before it could be verified. Smith was subsequently questioned by the Secret Service and hospitalized at a medical facility for evaluation. In 1992, Headline News pioneered the use of a video jukebox to recycle segments of one newscast seamlessly into another
HLN (TV network)
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1997-2001 CNN Headline News logo on a table in the food court at
CNN Center. This table has since been removed.
HLN (TV network)
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HLN
46.
NBA TV
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The network also serves as national broadcaster of the NBA D-League and WNBA games. NBA TV is the oldest cable network in North America to be owned or controlled by a sports league. As of February 2015, NBA TV is available to approximately 57,129,001 households that subscribe to cable, the highest measured audience was a Golden State Warriors vs San Antonio Spurs regular season game on April 10,2016 with an average 2.6 million viewers. After Time Warner shut down the news network CNN/SI in 2002. On October 8,2007, it was reported that the National Basketball Association would transfer the operations to Time Warners Turner Sports division. In a story published by Hoopsworld, NBATV, Surprisingly there has been said about the NBAs decision to sell off NBATV to one of its media partners. Talks had gone on for sometime as ESPN/ABC and Turner both explored scenarios with the league, ultimately it seems Turner has won out, and will take over operation of the leagues flagship cable channel, that reaches some 12 million subscribers. The exact changeover date is not clear, but several months ago a Bloomberg report cited sources saying senior level producers were offered contract buyouts in September. Turner took over the operations on October 28,2008. DirecTV believed the move will make the channel available to an eight million subscribers. Like DirecTV, Comcast estimated that an eight million customers would effectively gain access to the channel. Verizon FiOS added the channel and NBA League Pass to its systems on September 23,2009. The network also signed new agreements with Time Warner Cable, Cablevision and Dish Network on October 22,2009. With all of the carriage deals, the NBA estimates that it would increase NBA TVs overall subscriber reach to 45 million cable. On October 29,2010, AT&T U-verse reached a deal to carry the channels standard definition. NBA TV carries at least 90 regular season games per season, live games on NBA TV are subject to local blackout restrictions, since NBA TV does not hold the exclusive broadcast rights to any of its games. Games carried by NBA TV are also carried by each teams local rights holder, either a sports network or a broadcast television station. Beginning with the 2012-13 season, the score box displayed during NBA TVs game coverage changed to a banner format oriented horizontally across the screen, however, the network does not use timeout or bonus indicators like that seen on the score graphics used on ESPN and TNT
NBA TV
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NBA TV logo
47.
TNT (TV channel)
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TNT is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. As of July 2015, TNT is available to approximately 94.259 million cable, satellite and telco households in the United States. The channel launched at 8 p. m. Eastern Time on October 3,1988 with a performance of The Star Spangled Banner. Its inaugural telecast was the 1939 classic film Gone with the Wind and it was said that the movie was chosen as the channels first program because it was Turners favorite movie. It would also serve as the first program aired on sister channel Turner Classic Movies, incidentally, Gone With the Wind had its premiere held in Atlanta, Georgia, Turners hometown and the headquarters of the channels corporate parent, Turner Broadcasting System. The city served as the setting for the film, TNT was initially a vehicle for older movies and television shows, but slowly began to add original programming and newer reruns. At one point, Monday Nitro was regularly the highest-rated weekly program on cable television, the program beat Monday Night Raw, the flagship show of the World Wrestling Federation, in the ratings for 83 consecutive weeks from 1996 to 1998. The channel was known for its late night programming. One such program was MonsterVision, a Saturday night B movie showcase that aired from 1993 to 2000 It featured a Godzilla movie marathon at the end of every month. This running joke culminated in a Friday the 13th all-night Halloween marathon in 1998, the Rudy and Gogo World Famous Cartoon Show, which ran from 1995 to 1997, was an original childrens program on the channel featuring classic Warner Bros. MGM, and Popeye shorts, hosted by a pair of a marionette. In 1998, TNT dropped all of its cartoons, relegating those shows to Cartoon Network. Most of the series and shorts that were dropped would also serve as the core of Boomerang. During the 1990s, TNT scheduled an afternoon block that included Due South, Kung Fu, The Legend Continues, Lois & Clark, The New Adventures of Superman. In 1998, TNT took over production of the fifth and final season of Babylon 5 from the Prime Time Entertainment Network after the syndication block ceased operations. The following year, TNT produced the Babylon 5 spinoff series Crusade, in 2001, TNT debuted what became its most successful original series at the time, Witchblade, which ran for two seasons, ending in 2002. On June 12,2001, TNT underwent a rebrand, with the introduction of a new logo designed by Trollbäck + Company as well as a new slogan. The slogan emphasized the new focus on dramatic programming, including sports and off-network syndicated dramas such as Law & Order, NYPD Blue, ER
TNT (TV channel)
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TNT
48.
Turner Classic Movies
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Turner Classic Movies is an American movie-oriented basic cable and satellite television network owned by the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary of Time Warner. TCM is headquartered at the Techwood Campus in Atlanta, Georgias Midtown business district, historically, the channels programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. and occasionally shows more recent films. The channel is available in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Latin America, France, Spain, Nordic countries, Middle East, Africa and Asia-Pacific. In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, concerns over Turner Entertainments corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before. As part of the deal, Turner Entertainment retained ownership of MGMs library of films released up to May 9,1986, Turner Broadcasting System was split into two companies, Turner Broadcasting System and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and reincorporated as MGM/UA Communications Co. The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the form of programming for TCM upon the networks launch. After the library was acquired, MGM/UA signed a deal with Turner to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and to begin distributing the pre-1950 Warner Bros. film libraries for video release. Turner Classic Movies debuted on April 14,1994, at 6,00 p. m. Eastern Time, the date and time were chosen for their historical significance as the exact centennial anniversary of the first public movie showing in New York City. The first movie broadcast on TCM was the 1939 film Gone with the Wind, at the time of its launch, TCM was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers. AMC had broadened its content to feature colorized and more recent films by 2002. In the early 90s AMC abandoned its format, leaving TCM as the only movie-oriented cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption. In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner, which besides placing Turner Classic Movies, in March 1999, MGM paid Warner Bros. and gave up the home video rights to the MGM/UA films owned by Turner to Warner Home Video. In 2008, TCM won a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting, in April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Graumans Chinese Theater and the Graumans Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. In 2007, some of the films featured on TCM were made available for streaming on TCMs website. The networks programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on TCM are letterboxed on the standard definition feed. TCM also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any video release
Turner Classic Movies
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Robert Osborne at the 73rd Annual Peabody Awards
29,643 (March 2016[update])[1]
