1.
Tabloid (newspaper format)
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A tabloid is a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet. There is no standard size for this newspaper format, the term tabloid journalism refers to an emphasis on such topics as sensational crime stories, astrology, celebrity gossip and television, and is not a reference to newspapers printed in this format. Some small-format papers with a standard of journalism refer to themselves as compact newspapers. Larger newspapers, traditionally associated with higher-quality journalism, are called broadsheets, in common usage, tabloid and broadsheet are frequently more descriptive of a newspapers market position than physical format. The Berliner format used by many prominent European newspapers is sized between the tabloid and the broadsheet, in a newspaper context, the term Berliner is generally used only to describe size, not to refer to other qualities of the publication. The word tabloid comes from the name given by the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. to the compressed tablets they marketed as Tabloid pills in the late 1880s, the connotation of tabloid was soon applied to other small compressed items. A1902 item in Londons Westminister Gazette noted, The proprietor intends to give in tabloid form all the news printed by other journals, thus tabloid journalism in 1901 originally meant a paper that condensed stories into a simplified, easily absorbed format. The term preceded the 1918 reference to smaller sheet newspapers that contained the condensed stories, a tabloid is defined as roughly 17 by 11 inches and commonly half the size of a broadsheet. Tabloid newspapers, especially in the United Kingdom, boast a very high degree of variation as far as target market, political alignment, editorial style, thus, various terms have been coined to describe the subtypes of this versatile paper format. There are, broadly, two types of tabloid newspaper, red top and compact. The distinction is largely of editorial style, both red top and compact tabloids span the width of the spectrum from socialism to capitalist conservatism. The red top tabloid is, for many, the example of the format. Red tops tend to be written with a simplistic, straightforward vocabulary and grammar, their layout, more often than not, in the extreme case, red top tabloids have been accused of lying or misrepresenting the truth to increase circulation. Poll results are often predicted by red top papers, examples of British red top newspapers include The Sun, the Daily Star, the Daily Mirror and the Daily Sport. In contrast to red top tabloids, compacts use a style more closely associated with broadsheet newspapers. In fact, most compact tabloids formerly used the paper size. The term compact was coined in the 1970s by the Daily Mail, one of the newspapers to make the change. The purpose behind this was to avoid the association of the word tabloid with the flamboyant, the early converts from broadsheet format made the change in the 1970s, two notable British papers that took this step at the time were the Daily Mail and the Daily Express
2.
Bursa Malaysia
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Bursa Malaysia Berhad is an exchange holding company approved under Section 15 of the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007. It operates a fully integrated exchange, offering the complete range of exchange-related services including trading, clearing, settlement, on 18 May 2015, the MYX joined the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative as part the SSEs regional dialogue in Bangkok hosted by the Stock Exchange of Thailand. Bursa Malaysia was known as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange from its founding in 1930 when the Singapore Stockbrokers Association was set up as an organisation dealing in securities in Malaya. The first formal securities business organisation in Malaysia was the Singapore Stockbrokers Association and it was re-registered as the Malayan Stockbrokers Association in 1937. The Malayan Stock Exchange was established in 1960 and the trading of shares commenced. The board system had trading rooms in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, in 1964, the Stock Exchange of Malaysia was established. With the secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965, the Stock Exchange of Malaysia became known as the Stock Exchange of Malaysia and Singapore. The Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange which was incorporated on 14 December 1976 as a limited by guarantee. It consisted of a Main Board, a Second Board and MESDAQ with total market capitalisation of MYR700 billion, in June 2006, Bursa Malaysia and FTSE Group jointly introduced FTSE Bursa Malaysia Index. On 7 November 2006, the index passed the 1,000 mark hurdle and it was partly boosted by the strong overnight close in the Wall Street. On 10 March 2008, trading on the exchange was suspended for one due to composite index fall by more than 10 percent or 130 points to 1166.32 points. This was largely by combination of such as the United States subprime mortgage crisis. Dealers expected the move was an over-reaction to the election results, the index gained 2. 1% the next day on the morning session as investor reinvest in plantation stocks and blue chips. On 3 July 2008, trading on the exchange was suspended for the day when it suffered multiple hardware glitches, the glitches only affected the equities market, not the bonds and commodity market. The FCPO, the global benchmark for the crude palm oil market, is a deliverable contract which is traded electronically on Bursa Malaysias trading platform. Crude palm kernel futures and crude oil futures are primarily traded on Bursa Malaysia in Malaysian Ringgit. Their codenames are FPKO, FCPO and FUPO, respectively, under the Bursa Suq Al-Sila concept, the bank buys a commodity from a supplier such as a CPO producer at a principal amount, and sells it to a customer at a profit. The customer then sells back the commodity to the market for cash
3.
Malaysia
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Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government, with a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia, located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, the first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946, Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a role in politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians. The constitution declares Islam the state religion while allowing freedom of religion for non-Muslims, the government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and he is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the prime minister, since its independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with its GDP growing at an average of 6. 5% per annum for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce. Today, Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked third largest in Southeast Asia, the name Malaysia is a combination of the word Malay and the Latin-Greek suffix -sia/-σία. The word melayu in Malay may derive from the Tamil words malai and ur meaning mountain and city, land, malayadvipa was the word used by ancient Indian traders when referring to the Malay Peninsula. Whether or not it originated from these roots, the word melayu or mlayu may have used in early Malay/Javanese to mean to steadily accelerate or run. This term was applied to describe the current of the river Melayu in Sumatra. The name was adopted by the Melayu Kingdom that existed in the seventh century on Sumatra
4.
Petaling Jaya
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Petaling Jaya is a major Malaysian city originally developed as a satellite township for Kuala Lumpur. It is located in the Petaling District of Selangor with an area of approximately 97.2 square kilometres, Petaling Jaya was granted city status on 20 June 2006. Petaling Jaya is surrounded by the Malaysian capital, Kuala Lumpur to the east, Sungai Buloh to the north, the capital of Selangor, Shah Alam to the west and Subang Jaya to the south. The city was developed during British Malaya on a piece of 1,200 acres rubber estate around Old Klang Road to address the overpopulation of the capital Kuala Lumpur in the 1950s, since 1952, PJ witnessed a dramatic growth in terms of population size and geographical importance. The development of Petaling Jaya commenced in 1952 with the construction of 800 houses centred on the known as “Old Town” today. The first two roads built in Petaling Jaya were simply called Jalan 1 or Road 1 and Jalan 2 or Road 2. Road 1 was later named Jalan Templer while Road 2 was named Jalan Othman after Othman Mohamad, until the end of 1953, the town was administered by the Kuala Lumpur district officer. The Petaling Jaya Town Authority headed by N. A. J, kennedy commenced administrating Petaling Jaya in 1954. On 24 August 1959, Encik Abdul Aziz bin Haji Mohd Ali became the first Malayan to head the PJ Authority, administratively and historically, it was considered part of Kuala Lumpur. However, Petaling Jaya ceased to be part of Kuala Lumpur when the became a Federal Territory on 1 February 1974. It then became a township in its own right within the state of Selangor, PJ South, from Section 8 to PJ Old Town, had the first settlements, which were established around 1953. As development progressed, PJ North, on the side of the Federal Highway was developed. The first shopping complex in Petaling Jaya was Jaya Shopping Centre, located in Section 14, on 1 January 1977, the Petaling Jaya Town Authority was upgraded to become Petaling Jaya Municipal Council or Majlis Perbandaran Petaling Jaya. Petaling Jaya progressed rapidly due to the massive rural-urban migration, as more people from rural areas immigrated, Sungai Way and Subang districts along with areas such as Subang Jaya, Seksyen 52 developed in areas under the jurisdiction of the municipality. Petaling Jaya is the hub of Klang Valley as it is located in between Kuala Lumpur and surrounding suburbs. Petaling Jaya is one of the wettest cities in Malaysia and it is warm with an average maximum of 30 degrees Celsius and receives heavy rainfall all year round, roughly more than 3,300 mm of average rainfall annually. The city has no true dry season, but June. Mostly each month average rainfall more than 200 mm. Thunderstorms and extreme rainstorms are common
5.
Penang
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Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts, Penang Island, where the city, George Town, is located. Penang is bordered by Kedah to the north and the east, known as the Silicon Valley of the East for its industries, Penang is also one of the most urbanised and economically-important states in the country. George Town, which was founded by the British in 1786, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Penang has the third highest Human Development Index in Malaysia, after the State of Selangor and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. Its heterogeneous population is diverse in ethnicity, culture, language. A resident of Penang is colloquially known as a Penangite, Penang Lang or Penangkaran, the name of Penang comes from the modern Malay name Pulau Pinang, which means the island of the areca nut palm. The name Penang may refer either to Penang Island or the state of Penang, Penang is also known as the Pearl of the Orient, 东方之珠 and Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara. Penang is shortened as PG in English, or PP in Malay, early Malays called Penang Island Pulau Ka-Satu, meaning The First Island, because it was the largest island encountered on the trading sea-route between Lingga and Kedah. The Siamese, then the overlord of the Kedah Sultanate, referred to the island as Koh Maak, in the 15th century, Penang Island was referred to as Bīnláng Yù in the navigational drawings used by Admiral Zheng He of Ming China in his expeditions to the South Seas. The 16th-century Portuguese historian Emanuel Godinho de Eredias map of the Malay Peninsula in his Description of Malacca in 1613 referred to the island as Pulo Pinaom, archaeological evidence shows that Penang was inhabited by the Semang-Pangan of the Juru and Yen lineage. Both of these are now considered extinct cultures and they were hunter-gatherers of the Negrito stock having short stature and dark complexion, and were dispersed by the Malays as far back as 900 years ago. The last recorded aboriginal settlement in Penang was in the 1920s in Kubang Semang, the first evidence of prehistoric human settlement in what is now Penang were found in Guar Kepah, a cave in Seberang Perai in 1860. Based on mounds of sea shells with human skeletons, stone implements, broken ceramics, and food leftovers inside, other stone tools found in various places on Penang Island pointed to the existence of Neolithic settlements dating to 5,000 years ago. One of the first Englishmen to reach Penang was the navigator, sailing from Plymouth for the East Indies, James reached Batu Ferringhi in June 1592, remaining on Penang Island until September of the same year and pillaging every vessel he encountered. In the early 18th century, ethnic Minangkabaus from Sumatra opened up a settlement on Penang Island, Haji Muhammad Salleh, known as Nakhoda Intan, anchored at Batu Uban and built a seaside settlement in 1734. Later, the Arabs arrived and settled mainly at Jelutong, the Arabs then intermarried with the Minangkabau, this gave rise to the Arab-Minangkabau admixture now described as Malay, as they have assimilated into the local Malay community. However, the history of Penang only began in 1786. On 17 July that year, Captain Francis Light, an English trader-adventurer of the British East India Company, landed on Penang Island, Fort Cornwallis was later built at the site where he first set foot
6.
New Straits Times
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The New Straits Times is an English-language newspaper published in Malaysia. It is Malaysias oldest newspaper still in print, having been founded as The Straits Times in 1845, the paper served as Malaysias only broadsheet format English language newspaper. The New Straits Times currently retails at RM1.50 in Peninsular Malaysia, the New Straits Times is part of Media Prima group of companies. As of 1 January 2009, the Group Editor of the New Straits Times is Syed Nadzri Syed Harun, executive Editors, as of 1 January 2009, Lee Ah Chai and Chandra Segaran and Lim Thow Boon. The paper was founded as The Straits Times and covered all of what was then British Malaya, and Singapore, in 1972 the papers then-owner, The Straits Times Press Berhad formed the New Straits Times Press Sdn. Bhd. in a desire to meet the aspirations of Malaysians to have a majority shareholding in the company produced their largest mass-circulation organ in the English language. On 11 November 2011, 3D publication was introduced to the papers print, in 2011, the New Straits Times underwent a redesign of its masthead, typography, contents and logo. The first edition in the format was published on 11 November 2011 and this lasted until 31 December 2016. In 2017, the New Straits Times underwent another redesign of its masthead, typography, contents, the redesign also brings new sections and improved news content. The first edition in the current format was published on 1 January 2017, in addition, the website will be also refreshed on March 2017, with an initiative for a stronger digital presence. Tech&U, was first published on 1 January 1986 as Computimes and it was earlier published every Thursday, and in the 1990s, the section was published on Mondays and Thursdays. On 1 August 2005 a decision was made to focus the Monday edition on the market while the Thursday edition focuses on the consumer market. On 1 January 2008, Tech&U became a publication, available with the New Straits Times every Monday with an increasing consumer slant while keeping the pulse on the enterprise scene. Business Computing is also related to this section and it was a weekly section on Wednesdays, published from 1999 to 2004. As of 1 March 2010, it has incorporated and merged into the Life. The tech section in New Straits Times appears every Monday in the Life & Times section, in 1999, this weekly pullout on travel in Malaysia was published in support of the governments Cuti-Cuti Malaysia campaign. The first issue was released on 6 October 1999 and the first weekly issue was released on 2 October 2000 and it was published every Wednesday when it started, and it was published on Tuesdays until 23 February 2010 as Travel. Starting March 2010, it has incorporated and merged into the Life & Times section
7.
Kuala Lumpur
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Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, or more commonly called KL is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city. Being rated as an Alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the global city in Malaysia which covers an area of 243 km2 and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017. It is among the fastest growing regions in South-East Asia, in terms of population. Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia, the city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remain in the city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is situated in Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur is one of three Federal Territories of Malaysia, enclaved within the state of Selangor, on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Since the 1990s, the city has played host to international sporting, political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and it is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers, which have become an iconic symbol of Malaysias futuristic development. Kuala Lumpur means muddy confluence, kuala is the point where two rivers join together or an estuary, and lumpur means mud. One suggestion is that it was named after Sungai Lumpur, it was recorded in 1824 that Sungei Lumpoor was the most important tin-producing settlement up the Klang River. It has also proposed that Kuala Lumpur was originally named Pengkalan Lumpur in the same way that Klang was once called Pengkalan Batu. Another suggestion is that it was initially a Cantonese word lam-pa meaning flooded jungle or decayed jungle, there is however no firm contemporary evidence for these suggestions other than anecdotes. It is also possible that the name is a form of an earlier. It is unknown who founded or named the settlement called Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur was originally a small hamlet of just a few houses and shops at the confluence of Sungai Gombak and Sungai Klang before it grew into a town. The miners landed at Kuala Lumpur and continued their journey on foot to Ampang where the first mine was opened
8.
Operation Lalang
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Operation Lalang is a major crackdown carried out beginning 27 October 1987 by the Malaysian police, ostensibly to prevent the occurrence of racial riots in Malaysia. It was the second largest ISA swoop in Malaysian history since the 13 May riots and it also involved the revoking of the publishing licenses of two dailies, The Star and the Sin Chew Jit Poh and two weeklies, The Sunday Star and Watan. The Malaysian government argued that racial tension had reach dangerous proportion in the country, the event marked the beginning of a period of Mahathirs authoritarian rule. A number of developments and issues preceding the operation had caused mounting political and racial tensions in the country. This racial tension, the government claimed, forced the government to act swiftly and firmly to contain the situation, Mahathir was challenged for the leadership and narrowly won, but faced a subsequent legal challenge on his win. There were also attacks by the government on several organizations which were critical of various government policies. Mahathir called these intellectual elites as tools of foreign powers and saboteurs of democracy, in addition, a number of race and religion-related issues had arisen which had a cumulative effect in raising ethnic tension. The immediate cause, however, was the Ministry of Educations decision to appoint some 100 senior assistants, Chinese educationalist groups contended that the move would limit the usage of Chinese in these schools. The meeting resolved to call a three-day boycott in Chinese schools if the government did not settle the appointments issue, even though the boycott was officially postponed, the stage was set for a response from the Malays led by UMNO Youth. A mass rally of 10,000 was held at the TPCA Stadium on Jalan Raja Muda in Kampung Baru, UMNO politicians condemned MCA leaders for their collusion with the Dong Jiao Zong and the opposition DAP. The UMNO protesters called for the resignations of MCAs Lee Kim Sai that mirrored the call for the resignation of UMNO Education Minister Anwar Ibrahim by the Chinese protesters. Najib Tun Razak, then chairman of the UMNO Youth wing, led the Malay rally in Kampung Baru, during the rally, Najib was alleged to have threatened to soak a keris in Chinese blood, evoking fear of 13 May repeating within the Chinese community. Many Chinese businesses around the city was closed for a few days for fear of any attacks from the Malay ultra-nationalists. The rally was originally to be held in Johor Bahru but later changed to Kuala Lumpur, the rally was cancelled after the Prime Minister returned and Operation Lalang was launched. On 27 October 1987, Dr Mahathir together with the police launched an operation he said was necessary to defuse racial tension that had reached dangerous proportions and he said that the country was facing an economic recession and high unemployment, and could not afford racial riots. The operation was codenamed lalang after a type of weed, according to Mahathir the decision for the operation was taken by the police, and that he, as the Minister of Home Affairs, had to go along with it. The Inspector General of Police Tan Sri Hanif Omar said the operation was for the sake of national security. The proposed UMNO rally was given as one of the reasons by the Inspector General of Police for the 27 October crackdown under the Internal Security Act
9.
Malaysian Chinese Association
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The party was once the largest party representing the Chinese community in Malaysia, and was particularly dominant in the early period until the late 1960s. However, it has performed poorly in elections since 2008, with the Malaysian Chinese community mostly voting for the opposition Democratic Action Party, the Malayan Chinese Association was formed on 27 February 1949 with the implicit support by the post-World War II British colonial administration. The declaration that announced the MCA as a political party in 1951 was written by a prominent Straits Chinese businessman, Tan Cheng Lock. In general, its members were landowners, businessmen, or otherwise better off. Many prominent members of the MCA were also Kuomintang members opposed to the Malayan Communist Party, leong Yew Koh, was a KMT major general who became a cabinet minister and later became governor of Malacca, Malaysias first minister of finance, Henry H. S. Lee, was a KMT colonel, and Lim Chong Eu, the leader of the Radical Party, in 1952, MCA joined force with United Malays National Organisation on a local level to contest the Kuala Lumpur municipal elections which would lead to the formation of the Alliance Party. The alliance was joined by Malaysian Indian Congress in 1954 and they contested the first Malayan General Election in 1955 as one body, MCA won all 15 of the seats allocated. Tan Cheng Lock was succeeded by Lim Chong Eu after a challenge by Lim for the presidency in 1958. Lim attempted to amend the partys Constitution to consolidate the power of the Central Committee, prior to the 1959 General Election, Lim pressed for an increase of the allocated number of seats from 28 to 40, but this was refused by UMNO leader Tunku Abdul Rahman. Lim was forced to back down and later resigned as president, other members also resigned from MCA to contest the election as independent candidates, which cost the party some seat. The party only won 19 of the 31 seats eventually allocated, Lim himself left the party in December 1960, later becoming one of the founding members of the opposition Party Gerakan in 1968. In 1961 Tan Siew Sin, son of Tan Cheng Lock and favoured by Tunku, Tan led the party to a firm victory in the 1964 General Election, winning 27 of the 33 parliamentary seats contested. In 1969, Tan established Tunku Abdul Rahman College after a proposal for a Chinese-language university was turned down by the government, the third Malaysian general elections were held on 10 May 1969. MCA faced strong challenges from the new, mainly Chinese, opposition parties Democratic Action Party, of the 33 parliamentary seats contested, MCA managed to retain only 13. MCA also lost control of the Penang State Government to Gerakan, the gain by the opposition parties led to tension between different communities which erupted into the May 13 Riots. The loss of support for MCA among the Chinese population elicited a comment by the then Deputy Prime Minister Dr Ismail that if MCA continue to lose support, UMNO may stop co-operating with it. In order to regain Chinese support, Tan attempted to broaden the appeal of the party seen as a party of the taukeh. However, many of these were expelled after a dispute involving Lim Keng Yaik who then joined Gerakan
10.
Barisan Nasional
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The National Front is a right-wing political party in Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of right-wing and centre parties. It is the largest party in the Parliament of Malaysia, Party Chairman Najib Razak has been Prime Minister of Malaysia from 3 April 2009. In state level, it is also the largest party in the 10 of 13 state legislative assemblies of Malaysia, along with its predecessor, it is considered the longest continuing ruling party in the democratic world. The Barisan Nasional is the successor to the three-party Alliance coalition formed of United Malays National Organisation, Malaysian Chinese Association. It was founded in the aftermath of the 1969 general election, the Alliance Party lost ground in the 1969 election to the opposition parties, in particular the two newly formed parties Democratic Action Party and Gerakan, and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. In 1973, the Alliance Party was replaced by Barisan Nasional, the Barisan Nasional, which included regional parties from Sabah and Sarawak, was formed as a grand coalition of 11 parties under the leadership of the prime minister Tun Abdul Razak. It registered in June 1974 to contest the 1974 general election, in 1977, PAS was expelled from the Barisan Nasional following a revolt within the Kelantan state legislature against a chief minister appointed by the federal government. By 2003, Barisan Nasional had grown to a coalition formed of more than a dozen communal parties and it performed particularly well in the 2004 general election, winning 198 out of 219 seats. In the 2008 general elections, Barisan Nasional lost more than one-third of the seats to Pakatan Rakyat. This marked Barisans first failure to secure a two-thirds supermajority in Parliament since 1969, five state governments, Kelantan, Kedah, Penang, Perak, and Selangor, fell to Pakatan Rakyat. Perak however was later returned via court ruling following a constitutional crisis, since 2008, the coalition has seen its non-Malay component parties greatly diminished in the Peninsula. The losses continued in the 2013 general election, and it recorded its worst ever election result, BN regained Kedah, but lost several more seats in Parliament along with the popular vote to Pakatan. It won only 47% of the vote, nevertheless it managed to gain 60% of the 222 parliamentary seats. As of 2013, the vast majority of Barisan Nasionals seats are held by its two largest Bumiputera-based political parties—the United Malays National Organisation, and Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu. Nevertheless, practically each component party purports to represent – and limit membership – to a race, UMNO for the Malays, MCA for the Chinese. In the view of scholars, Since its inception the Alliance remained a coalition of communal parties. Each of the component parties operated to all intents and purposes, save that of elections and their membership was communal, except perhaps Gerakan, and their success was measured in terms of their ability to achieve the essentially parochial demands of their constituents. Although both the Alliance and BN registered themselves as parties, membership is only possible indirectly through one of the constituent parties
11.
Nanyang Siang Pau
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Nanyang Siang Pau or Nanyang Business Daily was founded by philanthropist-entrepreneur Tan Kah Kee on 6 September 1923 in Singapore, currently published in Malaysia. Nanyang Siang Pau is one of oldest Chinese-language newspapers in the country and it has been published continuously except for four months in 1923 and 1924 and during the World War II between 1942 and 1945, before publication resumed on 8 September 1945. Originally started in Singapore, the newspaper first ventured into Kuala Lumpur in 1958, in 1962, Nanyang Siang Pau moved to Kuala Lumpur, first with Jalan Travers, Brickfields and followed by Jalan Bangsar in 1972. The Singapore edition of the paper has merged with Sin Chew Jit Poh on March 16,1983 to form the current Lianhe Zaobao, in August 1932, the Nanyang Daily was separated from Tans company. The newspaper company name was changed to Nanyang Press in 1975, in 1993, Nanyang Press took over the management of another Chinese daily, China Press and a year later, its office moved to Section 7, Petaling Jaya, its current location. Nanyang had its public offering in 1989, the first Chinese daily to be listed in Bursa Malaysia. Huaren now owns 42% of Nanyang Press, as at June 2005, Nanyang has raised more than RM240 million for Chinese education in Malaysia, through its Top Ten charity concerts in conjunction with Carlsberg Malaysia
12.
Kedah
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Kedah also known by its honorific, Darul Aman, or Abode of Peace is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a area of over 9,000 km². The mainland has a flat terrain, which is used to grow rice. Langkawi is an archipelago of islands, most of which are uninhabited, Kedah was called Kadaram by ancient and medieval Tamil people and Syburi by the Siamese when it was under their influence. To the north, Kedah borders the state of Perlis and shares a boundary with the Songkhla and Yala provinces of Thailand. It borders the states of Perak to the south and Penang to the southwest, the states capital is Alor Setar and the royal seat is in Anak Bukit. Other major towns include Sungai Petani, and Kulim on the mainland, archaeological evidence found in Bujang Valley reveals that a Hindu–Buddhist kingdom ruled ancient Kedah possibly as early as 110 A. D. The discoveries in Bujang Valley also made the ancient Kedah as the oldest civilisation of Southeast Asia, reference to ancient Kedah was first mentioned in a Tamil poem Paṭṭiṉappālai written at the end of the 2nd century A. D. It described goods from Kadaram heaped together in the streets of Chola capital. Other than Kadaram, Kedah was known with different names at varying times in Indian literature, Kataha-Nagara, Anda-Kataha, Kataha-Dvipa, according to Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa or the Kedah Annals, Kedah was founded by a Hindu king named Merong Mahawangsa. According to the further, the Sultanate of Kedah started in year 1136 when King Phra Ong Mahawangsa converted to Islam. In the 7th and 8th centuries, Kedah was under the control of Srivijaya. In 1025, the city was conquered by Rajendra Chola, the Chola king from Coromandel in South India, a second invasion was led by Virarajendra Chola of the Chola dynasty who conquered Kedah in the late 11th century. During the reign of Kulothunga Chola I Chola overlordship was established over the Sri Vijaya province Kedah in the late 11th century and it was later under Siam, until it was conquered by the Malay sultanate of Malacca in the 15th century. In the 17th century, Kedah was attacked by the Portuguese after their conquest of Malacca, in the hope that Great Britain would protect what remained of Kedah from Siam, the sultan handed over Penang and then Province Wellesley to the British at the end of the 18th century. The Siamese nevertheless invaded Kedah in 1821, and it remained under Siamese control under the name of Syburi, in 1896, Kedah along with Perlis and Satun was combined into the Siamese province of Monthon Syburi which lasted until transferred to the British by the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909. In World War II, Kedah was the first part of Malaya to be invaded by Japan, the Japanese returned Kedah to their Thai allies who had it renamed Syburi, but it returned to British rule after the end of the war. Kedah was a reluctant addition to the Federation of Malaya in 1948, since 1958, the hereditary Sultan of Kedah has been Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah
13.
Perlis
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Perlis, also known by its honorific title Perlis Indera Kayangan, is the smallest state in Malaysia. It lies at the part of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and has the Satun. It is bordered by the state of Kedah to the south and it was called Palit by the Siamese when it was under their influence. Perlis had a population of 227,025 as of 2010, the capital of Perlis is Kangar, and the Royal capital is Arau. Another important town is Padang Besar, at the Malaysia–Thailand border, the main port and ferry terminal is at the small village of Kuala Perlis, linking mostly to Langkawi Island. Perlis has a snake farm and research centre at Sungai Batu Pahat. Among the main tourist attractions are Perlis State Park and Gua Kelam, Perlis was originally part of Kedah, although it occasionally came under rule by Siam or Aceh. After the Siamese conquered Kedah in 1821, the British felt their interests in Perak to be threatened and this resulted in the 1826 Burney and Low Treaties formalising relations between the two Malay states and Siam, their nominal overlord. In the Burney Treaty, the exiled Kedah sultan Ahmad Tajuddin was not restored to his throne, Sultan Ahmad and his armed supporters then fought unsuccessfully for his restoration over twelve years. In 1842, the Sultan finally agreed to accept Siamese terms, however, Siam separated Perlis into a separate principality directly vassal to Bangkok. The Siamese made Raja Long Krok as the Governor of Siam in Perlis while Syed Hussain Jamalullail as deputy governor and this made Perlis as a sovereign state. His descendants still rule Perlis, but as rajas, instead of as sultans, as with Kedah, the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 forced Siam to relinquish its southern Malay vassal states of Kelantan, Trengganu, and Monthon Syburi to Great Britain. The British installed a Resident in the Perlis Royal capital of Arau, Perlis was returned to Siam in World War II as a reward for Siams alliance with Japan, but this brief annexation ended with the Japanese surrender. After World War II, Perlis returned to British rule until it became part of the Malayan Union, then the Federation of Malaya in 1957, since 1945, the Raja or hereditary monarch has been Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin. He was the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia from 13 December 2001 to 12 December 2006, Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra was the Regent of Perlis during the five-year period when Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin was Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Chief Executive or Menteri Besar is Azlan Man of Barisan Nasional, the Coat of Arms of Perlis consists of a sturdy green wreath of padi, indicating the wealth of the kingdom and the chief economic activity of the people. The shield in the centre represents the pride of the people, inside the shield is a ring of golden rice surrounding the name Perlis written in the Jawi script. The ethnic composition for the year 2000 in Perlis was, Malay, Chinese, Indian and others
14.
Kelantan
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Kelantan is a state of Malaysia. The capital and royal seat is Kota Bharu, the honorific of the state is Darul Naim. Kelantan is positioned in the north-east of Peninsular Malaysia and it is bordered by Narathiwat Province of Thailand to the north, Terengganu to the south-east, Perak to the west, and Pahang to the south. To the north-east of Kelantan is the South China Sea, Kelantan is located in the north-eastern corner of the peninsula. Kelantan, which is said to translate as the Land of Lightning, is a state with green paddy fields, rustic fishing villages. Kelantan is home to some of the most ancient archaeological discoveries in Malaysia, there are a number of suggestions for the origin of the name Kelantan. One theory, according to historian Mohd Rosli Bin Ismail, proposes that Kelantan is a corruption of gelam hutan, i. e. the Malay word for the cajuput, or swamp tea tree. Other theories claim that the name comes from the Malay word kilatan, shiny/glittery or kolam tanah, Kelantan was called Kalantan by the Siamese when it was under their influence. Kolaan Thana or Kolaam Thana gradually became Kelantan to fit in better with the dialect of the local people. The early history of Kelantan traces distinct human settlement dating back to prehistoric times, early Kelantan had links to the Funan Kingdom, the Khmer Empire, Sri Vijaya, Majapahit and Siam. Around 1411, Raja Kumar, the ruler of Kelantan, became independent of Siam, in 1499, Kelantan became a vassal state of the Malacca Sultanate. With the fall of Malacca in 1511, Kelantan was divided up and ruled by petty chieftains, paying tribute to Patani, by the early 17th century, most of these Kelantan chiefs became subject to Patani. The legendary Cik Siti Wan Kembang was said to have reigned over Kelantan sometime between the 16th and 17th centuries, Long Yunus was succeeded in 1795 by his son-in-law Tengku Muhammad Sultan Mansur of Terengganu. The enthronement of Tengku Muhammad by Terengganu was opposed by Long Yunus sons, thus triggering a war against Terengganu by Long Muhammad, the pro-Terengganu faction was defeated in 1800 and Long Muhammad ruled Kelantan with the new title of Sultan as Sultan Muhammad I. Nevertheless, the death of childless Long Muhammad triggered another civil war among claimants to the throne and his nephew and son of Long Tan, Long Senik Mulut Merah, triumphed over his uncles and cousins and assumed the throne in 1835 as Sultan Muhammad II. Sultan Muhammad II leveraged on his alliance with Siam to form the modern Kelantan state, centered in his new fort on the eastern bank of the Kelantan river. Kelantan was where the Japanese first landed during their invasion of Malaya, in 1943, Kelantan was transferred by the Japanese to Thailand and became a province of Thailand. Kelantan reverted to British protection upon the end of World War 2 in August 1945, Kelantan became part of the Malayan Union in 1946 and then the Federation of Malaya on 1 February 1948, and together with other Malayan states attained independence on 31 August 1957
15.
Perak
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Perak also known by its honorific, Darul Ridzuan, or Abode of Grace, one of the 13 states of Malaysia, is the fourth largest state in the country. It borders Kedah at the north, Thai Yala Province to the northeast, Penang to the northwest, Kelantan and Pahang to the east, Selangor to the south, and the Straits of Malacca to the west. The states administrative capital of Ipoh was known historically for tin-mining activities until the price of the metal dropped, the royal capital, however remains at Kuala Kangsar, where the palace of the Sultan of Perak is located. The states official name is Perak Darul Ridzuan, Perak means silver in Malay, which is probably derived from the silvery colour of tin. In the 1890s, Perak, with the richest alluvial deposits of tin in the world was one of the jewels in the crown of the British Empire, however, some say the name comes from the glimmer of fish in the water that sparkled like silver. Darul Ridzuan is the states Arabic honorific, and can either land or abode of grace. Legend tells of a Hindu-Malay Kingdom called Gangga Negara in the northwest of Perak, archaeological discoveries indicate that Perak was inhabited since prehistoric times. The modern history of Perak began with the fall of the Malacca Sultanate, Raja Muzaffar Shah, fled the Portuguese conquest of 1511 and established his own dynasty on the banks of the Sungai Perak in 1528. Being rich in tin ore deposits, the dominion was under almost continuous threat from outsiders, the Dutch attempted to control the tin trade in the 17th century, and built defensive forts at the mouth of the Perak River and on Pulau Pangkor. Early history recorded the arrival in Perak of the Dutch in 1641, however, the Dutch attempt to monopolise the tin-ore trading in Perak by influencing Sultan Muzaffar Syah failed. This did not go well with the aristocracy of Perak. In 1651, Temenggung and the people of Perak attacked and destroyed the Dutch plant, the Dutch were forced to leave their base in Perak. The Dutch sent a representative to Perak in 1655 to renew the earlier agreement and to seek compensation for the loss of their plant. The Perak government however did not honour the treaty and was surrounded by the Dutch, in retaliation, the people of Perak, Aceh. In 1670, the Dutch returned to Perak to build Kota Kayu, now known as Kota Belanda, Perak agreed to the construction because of news that the Kingdom of Siam would be attacking the state. Nevertheless, in 1685, Perak once again attacked the Dutch on Pangkor Island, forcing them to retreat, the Dutch attempted to negotiate for a new treaty, but failed. In the 19th century, the Bugis, Acehnese, and the Siamese all attempted to invade Perak, the Perak Sultanate was unable to maintain order as it was embroiled in a protracted succession crisis. In her book The Golden Chersonese and The Way Thither, Victorian traveller and adventurer Isabella Lucy Bird describes how Raja Muda Abdullah turned to his friend in Singapore, Tan, together with an English merchant in Singapore, drafted a letter to Governor Sir Andrew Clarke which Abdullah signed
16.
Sarawak
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Sarawak is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. The capital city, Kuching, is the centre of the state. Other cities and towns in Sarawak include Miri, Sibu, as of the 2015 census, the total population of Sarawak is 2,636,000. Sarawak has a climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal. It has several prominent cave systems at Gunung Mulu National Park, Rajang River is the longest river in Malaysia, Bakun Dam, one of the largest dams in Southeast Asia, is located on one of its tributaries, the Balui River. Mount Murud is the highest point in Sarawak, the earliest known human settlement in Sarawak, located at the Niah Caves, dates back to 40,000 years ago. A series of Chinese ceramics dated from the 8th to 13th century AD was uncovered at the site of Santubong. The coastal regions of Sarawak came under the influence of the Bruneian Empire in the 16th century, in 1839, James Brooke, a British explorer, arrived in Sarawak. He, and his descendants, governed the state from 1841 to 1946, during World War II, it was occupied by the Japanese for three years. After the war, the last White Rajah, Charles Vyner Brooke, ceded Sarawak to Britain, on 22 July 1963, Sarawak was granted self-government by the British and subsequently became one of the founding members of the Federation of Malaysia, established on 16 September 1963. However, the federation was opposed by Indonesia leading to a three-year confrontation, the creation of the Federation also resulted in a communist insurgency that lasted until 1990. The head of state is the Governor, also known as the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, Sarawak exhibits notable diversity in ethnicity, culture, and language, major ethnic groups in Sarawak are, Iban, Malay, Chinese, Melanau, Bidayuh and Orang Ulu. English and Malay are the two official languages of the state, there is no official religion. The Gawai Dayak is a festival celebrated on a public holiday. The official explanation of the word Sarawak is that it is derived from the Sarawak Malay word serawak, which means antimony. A popular alternative explanation is that it is a contraction of the four Malay words purportedly uttered by Pangeran Muda Hashim, Saya serah pada awak, James Brooke became the first of the White Rajah dynasty to govern Sarawak. Sarawak is nicknamed Land of the Hornbills and these birds are important cultural symbols for the Dayak people, representing the spirit of God. It is also believed if a hornbill is seen flying over residences
17.
Bayan Lepas
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Bayan Lepas is a town near the southeastern tip of Penang Island in Malaysia. Established as a village in the 19th century, it is now home to the Penang International Airport. According to urban legend, the town was founded in the late 19th century by a family from Sumatra whose pet parakeet escaped, the Penang International Airport was opened in 1935, the first civilian airport to be built in British Malaya. For much of the history, it was an agricultural area. It was only in the 1970s, with the creation of the Free Industrial Zone, Bayan Lepas proper is surrounded by newer residential townships such as Bayan Baru and Bukit Jambul to the north, and Batu Maung to the southeast. As a result of the outgrowth of residential developments north from Bayan Lepas and south from George Town, Bayan Lepas is well-connected to George Town to the north and to Balik Pulau to the west by road. The Second Penang Bridge also links Bayan Lepas with mainland Peninsular Malaysia, some of the major tourist attractions in Bayan Lepas include the famous Snake Temple and the Penang War Museum. In addition, Queensbay Mall is the largest shopping mall in Penang in terms of size and it was said that Bayan Lepas was named after a wealthy Sumatran family who founded the town in the late 19th century. Upon coming ashore, their pet parakeet escaped, hence the name Bayan Lepas, in 1935, the Bayan Lepas Airport was opened by the Straits Settlements authorities. It was the first civilian airport ever built within British Malaya, the airport was expanded and upgraded into the Penang International Airport in 1979. The British also built a fortification at nearby Batu Maung to defend Penang Island, however, the fort was abandoned ahead of the advancing Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Until the 1970s, Bayan Lepas was a rural village. It once served as the bowl of Penang. In the 1970s, the then Chief Minister of Penang, Lim Chong Eu, opened the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone to alleviate an economic crisis, pioneer tax status was granted to multinational firms seeking to establish factories and assembly plants in Bayan Lepas. Complemented by low-cost labour, the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone managed to pull Penang out from its economic slump and grew to become the Silicon Valley of the East. This has led to the urbanisation of the eastern coast of Penang Island, as residential developments emanating north from Bayan Lepas merged with the suburbs of George Town. Further development was spurred on by the completion of the Penang Bridge, since its inception in the 1970s, the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone has grown to become the Silicon Valley of the East. Motorola became one of the first multinational firms to set up a factory in Bayan Lepas, followed by other firms, such as Intel, AMD, Osram, Hewlett Packard, Bosch, Hitachi
18.
Bukit Jelutong
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Bukit Jelutong is an upscale suburb of Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The suburb is a community, with an area of over 2,200 acres and developed by Guthrie Property Holding Berhad. Due to the suburbs upscale status, the units in Bukit Jelutong are mostly low-density bungalows and duplex houses. Bukit Jelutong has many parks and open grass areas, Bukit Jelutong is located on a former oil palm plantation, the Bukit Jelutong Estate, which was owned by Kumpulan Guthrie Berhad. The development of Bukit Jelutong began in 1996, with the construction of the Guthrie Pavilion building, in July 2005, the Guthrie Corridor Expressway connecting Bukit Jelutong to Rawang opened. Bukit Jelutong is well-served by an excellent road network, the expressways also link Bukit Jelutong to the Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport, Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Port Klang. Bukit Jelutong has a commercial center where sundry businesses are located. GPHB had intentionally avoided developing large-scale commercial areas to avoid traffic congestion, nonetheless, Bukit Jelutong has close proximity to the Tesco and Giant stores, which are located just outside the suburb next to the GCE. The Bukit Jelutong Industrial Park is located in the outskirts of Bukit Jelutong. It is a low-density industrial park hosting low-pollution, hi-tech industries as well as logistics warehousing, the tenants are mostly multinational corporations from various industries, such as Xixili, Scania, ThyssenKrupp and Schenker AG. Besides the abundance of parks, Bukit Jelutong is also notable for its proximity to golf courses. These include the Kelab Golf Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, the Glenmarie Golf & Country Club, the Monterez Golf & Country Club, the Shah Alam Stadium is also only a 5-minute drive away from Bukit Jelutong. The Bukit Jelutong community has proven to be a close community judging from its regular events, the main yearly event is the Bukit Jelutong Carnival held annually. The Carnival is organised by the Bukit Jelutong Residents Association, currently, most of the areas in Bukit Jelutong are gated and guarded through supports from the community itself. Registered in 2002, Bukit Jelutong Residents Association is very active, regular events benefiting the residents are held regularly. Driven entirely by volunteers who are residents of Bukit Jelutong, the association is known for its close rapport with the local authorities
19.
Shah Alam
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Shah Alam /ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/ is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia and situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpurs incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974. Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957, Malaysia grew rapidly after its independence in 1957 under the Father of Modernisation, the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, Allahyarham Tun Abdul Razak Hussein. Shah Alam was once known as Sungai Renggam and was noted for its rubber, later, the same area was identified as Batu Tiga prior to Malaysian independence, and has been a centre of rubber and palm oil trade for centuries. Its current name was chosen by the then state Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, many other monuments, buildings and even a street are named after the late Sultan. Shah Alam was opened in 1963 with the purpose of making it the new centre of Selangor. With the consent of the Sultan, Shah Alam was proclaimed the capital of Selangor on 7 December 1978 with an area of 41.68 km2, Shah Alam had encountered several processes of extending its areas and the last was on 1 January 1997. Through the Gazette Plan 1190, Shah Alam was extended to 293 km2, Shah Alam was granted city status on 10 October 2000 with Dato Haji Abu Sujak Haji Mahmud as the first mayor. He recently served as deputy Menteri Besar, or Chief Minister of Selangor, Abu Sujak declared the vision of making Shah Alam a modern city with a unique identity of a Bandaraya Melayu, showcasing the achievements of the Malay race in all sectors. In line with this identity, Shah Alam was declared the first city in the world with no entertainment outlets to avoid any vice activities, Shah Alam is located within the district of Petaling and a portion of the district of Klang in the state of Selangor. Shah Alam has an urban layout to Petaling Jaya or Subang Jaya with housing areas occupying most of the city. There are 56 sections in total, generally Shah Alam can be divided into three parts, the north, central and south parts. North Shah Alam consists of 18 Sections including Sections U1 and U2, the Central Shah Alam is where all the state administrative buildings and agencies are situated. It consists of Section 1 until Section 24, south Shah Alam consists of 12 sections including Section 25, Section 30, Section 31 and Section 32. In the map, south Shah Alam is seen as the purple coloured areas. The city has a number of shopping malls, vibrant commercial areas are situated mostly at the city centre, Seksyen 13 and Seksyen 9. All of the roads and streets in Shah Alam including the new townships such as Setia Alam. As with other cities across Peninsular Malaysia, Shah Alam experiences a tropical rainforest climate according to the Köppen climate classification, temperatures are consistent throughout the year with an average high temperature of 31.9 °C and an average low temperature of 23.2 °C
20.
Selangor
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Selangor /səˈlæŋə/ also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Ehsan, or Abode of Sincerity is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the east, Negeri Sembilan to the south and it surrounds the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, both of which were previously part of Selangor. The state capital is Shah Alam, however the first city in Selangor, another major urban centre is Petaling Jaya which was awarded city status on 20 June 2006. Selangor is one of only two Malaysian states with more than one city, the other is Sarawak, Selangor has the largest city in Malaysia and it is growing rapidly due to modernisation in the Klang Valley. The state of Selangor has the largest economy in Malaysia in terms of domestic product with RM128.815 billion in 2010 making up 23% of the total GDP of Malaysia. This state is also the most developed in Malaysia with good infrastructure such as highways, the state also has the largest population in Malaysia, with a high standard of living and the states poverty rate is the lowest in the country. A more plausible theory claims the name is derived from the term Selang Ur meaning land of the straits Aur also means river in Malay. Hence, Selangor may mean river straits, a major problem with this hypothesis is that the word selang does not in fact mean strait in Malay, not even in obsolete usage according to the Kamus Dewan, the proper word for strait is selat. Another possible origin of the name is combination of the words Sela. It may be possible that the banks of the Selangor River was full of bamboo groves in the distant past, however bamboo do not grow well in the marshy soil of the lower reaches of the river. It is also possible that the word Selangor is an Orang Asli term as some rivers have Orang Asli names, in the 15th century, Selangor was ruled by the Sultanate of Malacca. After the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511, the area became disputed between the Portuguese, Johor, Aceh and Siam. When the Dutch displaced the Portuguese from Malacca in 1641, they brought in Muslim Bugis mercenaries from Sulawesi and they established the present hereditary sultanate in 1740. In many districts, Bugis settlers displaced the Minangkabau settlers from Sumatra, in the 19th century, the economy boomed due to the exploitation of huge tin reserves. In 1854, the Sultan of Selangor granted Raja Abdullah the control of Klang, passing over Raja Mahdi and this would eventually led to the Selangor Civil War of 1867 to 1874, which was essentially a struggle for control of the revenues from tin. Tin Mining also attracted an influx of Chinese migrant labourers. Chinese secret clan societies, allied with Selangor chiefs, fought for control of the tin mines, in 1874, Sultan Adbul Samad of Selangor accepted a British Resident in a system allowed the British to govern while the Sultan remained the apparent ruler. Under the stability imposed by the British, Selangor again prospered, the Federated Malay States evolved into the Federation of Malaya in 1948, which became independent in 1957, and Malaysia in 1963
21.
Classified advertising
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Classified advertising is a form of advertising which is particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals which may be sold or distributed free of charge. Classified advertisements are much cheaper than larger display advertisements used by businesses, advertisements in a newspaper are typically short, as they are charged for by the line, and are one newspaper column wide. Publications printing news or other information often have sections of classified advertisements, the advertisements are grouped into categories or classes such as for sale—telephones, wanted—kitchen appliances, and services—plumbing, hence the term classified. Classified ads generally fall into two types, individuals advertising sales of their goods, and advertisements by local businesses. Some businesses use classified ads to hire new employees, one issue with newspaper classified advertising are that it doesnt allow images, even though display ads, which do allow images, can be found in the classified section. Internet classified ads do not typically use per-line pricing models, so tend to be longer. They are also searchable, unlike printed material, tend to be local, because of their self-regulatory nature and low cost structures, some companies offer free classifieds internationally. Other companies focus mainly on their hometown region, while others blanket urban areas by using postal codes. In many cases, these specialized services provide better and more targeted search capabilities than general search engines or general classified services can provide. A number of services called aggregators crawl and aggregate classifieds from sources such as blogs and RSS feeds. In this sense these companies act as both a service provider and a content delivery platform. Social classifieds is a growing niche, in 2003 the market for classified ads in the United States was $15.9 billion, $14.1 billion according to market researcher Classified Intelligence. The worldwide market for classified ads in 2003 was estimated at over $100 billion, perhaps due to the lack of a standard for reporting, market statistics vary concerning the total market for internet classified ads. Newspapers revenue from classifieds advertisements is decreasing continually as internet classifieds grow, Classified advertising at some of the larger newspaper chains dropped by 14% to 20% in 2007, while traffic to classified sites grew by 23%. As the online classified advertising sector develops, there is an emphasis toward specialization. Vertical markets for classifieds are developing quickly along with the marketplace for classifieds websites. Like search engines, classified websites are often specialized, with sites providing advertising platforms for niche markets of buyers or sellers, craigslist Junk Mail Digital Media Newspaper display advertising Personal advertisement Secondhand good Tradio
22.
Marina Mahathir
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Marina binti Mahathir is a Malaysian socio-political activist and writer. She is the daughter and eldest child of the 4th Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Mahathir Mohammad and she graduated from the University of Sussex. Marina is a leader in many organizations such as the Malaysian AIDS Foundation and is an active socio-political blogger. She also writes in her bi-weekly column called Musings in The Star newspaper since 1989. Some of her pieces in the column have been published in her books such as 50 Days, Rantings by MM, published in 1997 and Telling It Straight, the latter is a selection of her articles published in her column between 2003 and 2012. It includes a foreword by Dr Farish A. Noor, a political scientist. It contains 90 articles which are written thematically including a written introduction on the topics discussed in the book. It also includes two previously unpublished articles and she is an active campaigner for womens rights. In 2006 she has described the status of Muslim women in Malaysia as similar to that of the Black South Africans under apartheid, Marina has called for an end to discrimination based on sexual orientations in 1998 and 1999. She had appeared in Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamads Documentary released in late 2009 with the rest of the members of the Mahathir Family, in 2010, she was awarded UN Person of The Year for her volunteer work in combatting HIV/AIDS. In 2016 Marina denounced the destruction of Malaysian culture and traditions by what she perceives as Arab colonialism, on 7 June 1998 Marina married Tara Sosrowardoyo, a renowned Indonesian photographer. They have two daughters and a son,50 days, Rantings, ZI Publications Sdn. ISBN9789675266003 Hidden voices, true Malaysian experience of AIDS, as editor, with Wan Zawawi Ibrahim, ISBN9834019211 In Liberal Doses, Star Publications,1997. ISBN 978-9839950779 Eyes, a journey through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, with Rene Burbi and Leonard Lueras. ISBN0356044149 Telling It Straight, EDM Pte Ltd,2012, Marina became one of eight Malaysians to receive the award so far. Women in Malaysia LGBT rights in Malaysia Rantings by MM - Personal Blog The Star Online, Columnists Mahathirs daughter makes her own mark Malaysia’s Résumé - Marina Mahathir
23.
Martin Khor
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Martin Khor is the Executive Director of the South Centre since 1 March 2009. He replaced Dr. Yash Tandon who was the Executive Director of the South Centre from 2005-2009, mr. Khor is also a journalist, economist and the former Director of the Third World Network which is based in Penang, Malaysia. He is active in the civil society movement and he has attended the World Social Forum, European social forum and in 1999 and 2000, the World Economic Forum in Davos. He has been Vice-Chair of the Working Group of Experts on the Right to Development under the UN Commission on Human Rights and he took part in the Helsinki Process on Globalisation and Democracy. Khor currently sits on the board of directors of the International Forum on Globalization, Khor has been a columnist for The Star since 1978
24.
Tunku Abdul Rahman
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As such, he is often referred to as Bapa Kemerdekaan or Bapa Malaysia. Tunku Abdul Rahman was born on 8 February 1903, in Alor Setar, Kedah, the son of Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah. Tunkus mother was Che Manjalara, the wife of Sultan Abdul Hamid. When Tunku was 16, he won a scholarship to further his studies at Cambridge University, after about a year, Tunku realised that he was making very little progress in his studies. After a meeting with Mr. Ezekiel, his guardian, in the office of the Crown Agents, Ezekiel arranged for Tunku to move to Cambridge and to be taught by and live with Basil Atkinson. Atkinson was a tutor and he prepared Tunku to sit for university entrance examinations known as Little Go. The following year, he took the exams and he obtained high marks for all his papers with a Pass for the whole examination. He was accepted as an undergraduate at St Catharines College, one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, five years after sailing from Singapore, at the age of 23, he sailed home. The Crown agents secured Tunku a berth in a passenger ship, Tunku Ibrahim, the Regent and his eldest brother, was unhappy with Tunkus choice of degrees and he ordered Tunku to return to England to be admitted to the English Bar. In May 1930, Tunku sat for Part One of the Bar examination, although he managed to pass three papers, his failure in one paper resulted in him failing the whole examinations in Part One. Tunku sailed to Penang in January 1931, since Tunku was on a State scholarship, he was automatically a government servant when he returned. Tunku Ibrahim, was still the regent and he told Tunku that he was in disgrace for failing the Bar examinations in London, on January 1931, Tunku was appointed a Cadet in the Kedah Civil Service. Later, he was transferred to Kulim as Assistant District Officer, in Kulim, Tunku devoted much of his time touring the district and getting to know the problems of the peasants who made up 90% of the population. Tunku also devoted some of his time to prepare for Cadets Law exam to qualify for promotion and he took the exams and passed it on his first attempt. About a year later, Tunku was promoted to be District Officer of Padang Terap, the post of District Officer Padang Terap was unpopular because Kuala Nerang was rife with malaria. Unfortunately, Tunkus plea for funds were rejected and he wrote again to the State Secretariat, asking that funds be made available to drain the swamps and to rid Kuala Nerang of the main breeding place of the carriers of malaria. This time the money came and the work was carried out under Tunkus supervision, in 1934, the Regent died unexpectedly and was succeeded as Regent by Tunku Mahmud, the Sultans younger brother, who was more broad-minded and gave consent to the marriage. This enabled Violet to move to Kuala Nerang, but the Secretary to the Government showed his disapproval by transferring Tunku to the isolated post of District Officer at Langkawi, the district consisted of a group of islands, thinly populated, sparsely cultivated and without roads
25.
Backronym
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A backronym or bacronym is a specially constructed phrase that is supposed to be the source of a word that is, or is claimed to be, an acronym. Backronyms may be invented with serious or humorous intent, or may be a type of false or folk etymology, the word is a combination of backward and acronym, and has been defined as a reverse acronym. Its earliest known citation in print is as bacronym in the November 1983 edition of the Washington Post monthly neologism contest. The newspaper quoted winning reader Meredith G. Williams of Potomac, Maryland, defining it as the same as an acronym, except that the words were chosen to fit the letters. An acronym is a derived from the initial letters of the words of a phrase, For example. By contrast, a backronym is constructed by creating a new phrase to fit an existing word, name. Backronyms are also used for comedic effect, as exemplified by NASAs C. O. L. B. E. R. T. NASA named its ISS treadmill the Combined Operational Load-Bearing External Resistance Treadmill after Stephen Colbert, the backronym was a lighthearted compromise in recognition of the comedians ability to sway NASAs online vote for the naming of an ISS module. Backronyms can be constructed for educational purposes, for example to form mnemonics, an example of such a mnemonic is the Apgar score, used to assess the health of newborn babies. Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs use backronyms as teaching tools, similar to such as one day at a time, or Let go, let God. For example, a slip may be expanded as Sobriety Losing Its Priority, backronyms are also created as jokes or as slogans, often expressing consumer loyalties or frustration. For example, the name of the restaurant chain Arbys is a play on the letters RB, referring to the companys founders, an advertising campaign in the 1980s created a backronym with the slogan America’s Roast Beef, Yes Sir. Many companies or products have spawned multiple humorous backronyms, with positive connotations asserted by supporters or negative ones by detractors. For example, the car company Ford was said to stand for First On Race Day, by aficionados, similar backronyms have been directed against many other automakers, such as Fix It Again Tony for Fiat. Backronyms have also coined by military personnel during wartime. The backronym for Spam, Something Posing As Meat, was said to have originated from jaundiced soldiers who were sick of eating canned meat. The British contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq was code-named Operation Telic, backronyms are sometimes created to name laws or programs. Commentators have noted a trend among US lawmakers to devise names that form a desired acronym
26.
Permodalan Nasional Berhad
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Permodalan Nasional Berhad is Malaysias biggest fund management company. The main headquarters is located at Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur near Tabung Haji building, PNB is the parent company for Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad which operates a number of unit trust schemes, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Yayasan Pelaburan Bumiputra. The company has offices in Singapore, London and Tokyo. Amanah Saham Nasional is the first and largest unit trust schemes and it was launched on 20 April 1981 by the third Malaysian Prime Minister, Tun Hussein Onn. The idea of establishing this trust scheme is by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, Amanah Saham Bumiputera is the second and second largest unit trust schemes after ASN. It was launched on 2 January 1990 by the fourth Malaysian Prime Minister, Unit trusts in Malaysia are like mutual funds in the United States. ASB is only open to Bumiputeras, which means the native peoples of Malaysia and therefore excludes historical immigrant groups such as Chinese. ASB has a limit of RM200,000, meaning that one can only invest new money up to that point. There is, however, no limit on the value of an account. Capital gains in ASB accounts are not subject to taxes, dividends are paid each year and put back into the account so that compounding is achieved. This second ASB unit trusts was launched on 2 April 2014 by the sixth Malaysian Prime Minister and this fund is open to Bumiputera Malaysian only with the minimum investment of 10 units &1000 units. The maximum investment limit for the ASB2 is 200,000 units &50, ASB unit holders who have reached their maximum investment of 200,000 units can also invest in ASB2, which has a fixed price of RM1 per unit. The Initial fund size is 10 Billion units & the financial year end is 31 March, Amanah Saham Wawasan 2020 is the third unit trust schemes. It was launched on 28 August 1996 by the fourth Malaysian Prime Minister, theres quota of 51% for Bumiputeras Malaysian & 49% for Non-Bumiputera Malaysian. Amanah Saham Didik is the unit trust schemes was launched on 20 April 2001. This Fund is Open to Bumiputera Malaysian Only with the investment of 100 units. Amanah Saham Malaysia was launched on 20 April 2000 with a size of two billion units which was fully subscribed in 21 days. This fund is Open to All Malaysian with no racial quota, Amanah Saham Gemilang was launched in 2003
27.
Bumiputera (Malaysia)
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Bumiputera or Bumiputra is a Malaysian term to describe the Malay race and other indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia, and used particularly in Malaysia. The term comes from the Sanskrit word bhumiputra, which can be translated literally as son of the land or son of the soil and these policies have succeeded in creating a significant urban Malay and Native Bornean middle class as well. They have been effective in eradicating poverty among rural communities. Some analysts have noted a backlash of resentment from excluded groups, in particular the sizeable Chinese, the concept of a bumiputra ethnic group in Malaysia was coined by Tun Abdul Razak. It recognised the position of the Malays provided in the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. But, the constitution does not use the term bumiputra, it defines only Malay and indigenous peoples, natives of Sarawak, definitions of bumiputra in public use vary among different institutions, organisations, and government departments and agencies. Most of these communities that were established in southeast Asia prior to the arrival of the British colonialists who forever altered the demographics of Malaysia. Others favour a definition encompassing all children of Bumiputra, there have been cases of people with one Bumiputra parent. At the time of Malayas independence from the British in 1957, thuraisingham later said, I and others believed that the backward Malays should be given a better deal. Malays should be assisted to attain parity with non-Malays to forge a united Malayan Nation of equals, the massive demographic change happened to all British colonised countries of which these countries become multi religion and multiracial while Britain itself remain homogenous. British workers on the hand not only were encouraged to migrate to the colonised countries. Thus affirmative action was implemented in British colonised countries using models of affirmative actions for the natives in Canada, USA, New Zealand, the term of the Bumiputras special position has been disputed. The Reid Commission, which drafted the Constitution, initially proposed that Article 153 expire after 15 years unless renewed by Parliament and this qualification was struck from the final draft. After the 13 May Incident in 1969, representatives within the government argued over whether the position of the bumiputras ought to have a sunset clause. Ismail Abdul Rahman argued that the question be left to the Malays themselves because, as more and more Malays became educated and gained self-confidence, they themselves would do away with this special position. Ismail believed the position was a slur on the ability of the Malays. In 1970, however, one member of the Cabinet said that Malay special rights would remain for hundreds of years to come. In the 1970s, the government implemented the New Economic Policy, Article 153 provides specifically for the use of quotas in the granting of scholarships, positions in the civil service, and business licences, as well as native reservations of land
28.
Employees Provident Fund (Malaysia)
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Employees Provident Fund commonly known by the acronym EPF is a Malaysian government-owned company under the Ministry of Finance. It manages the compulsory savings plan and retirement planning for private sector workers in Malaysia, membership of the EPF is mandatory for Malaysian citizens employed in the private sector, and voluntary for non-Malaysian citizens. The Malaysian EPF was established in 1951 pursuant to the Employees Provident Fund Ordinance 1951 and this law became the EPF Act 1951 in 1982, then the EPF Act 1991 in 1991. The EPF Act 1991 requires employees and their employers to contribute towards their retirement savings, as of 31 December 2012, EPF has 13.6 million members, of which 6.4 million are active contributing members. At the same date, EPF had 502,863 contributing employers, the EPF also provides a framework for employers to meet legal and moral obligations to their employees. As of March 31,2014, the size of the EPF asset size stood at RM597 billion, making it the fourth largest pension fund in Asia and seventh largest in the world. While in savings, a members EPF savings may be used as investments for companies deemed profitable and permissible by the organisation, from which dividends are banked to respective members accounts. Alternately, members may use their EPF savings in their own investments, although such activities are not covered by the EPF, the EPF declares an annual dividend on funds on deposit which has varied over time, depending on investment results. Legally, the EPF is only obligated to provide 2. 5% dividends and this is due to the EPF primarily aimed at providing a stable financial security of its members. The EPF also attributes the declining interest market rate since 1996 to the interest market rate, in April 2007, criticism was raised at a proposed amendment of EPF guidelines that cuts monthly contributions of members above 55 years by 50%. Under the proposal, an employer of foreign workers may also optionally contribute RM5 monthly per head, the government responded by claiming that the proposal may be studied, and later states that members can contribute at any amount above the slashed contributed amount. The EPF guideline for employers of foreign workers remains unchanged, citing that the policy has been implemented before in 1998, when a member dies beforehand, the EPF fund is withdrawn in favour of a nominated individual. Withdrawals are also possible when a member will emigrate, becomes disabled, effective 1 January 2007, a members EPF savings consists of two accounts that vary by their share of savings and withdrawal flexibilities. The first account, dubbed Account I, stores 70% of the monthly contribution, while the second account, dubbed Account II. Account I restricts withdrawals to the moment the member reaches an age of 55 years, is incapacitated, leaves the country or passes away. In Malaysia, if you want to apply for any financial facilities from the bank such as loan, personal loan and credit card. Monthly contributions from both you and your employer will be shown in the statement, previously, you will need to head to the EPF office to get your statement but now, you can do everything online at the comfort of your home. To get your statement, You will need to get your i-Akaun activation code by calling KWSP at 389226000
29.
Tabung Haji
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Tabung Haji or Lembaga Tabung Haji is the Malaysian hajj pilgrims fund board. It was formerly known as Lembaga Urusan dan Tabung Haji, the main headquarters is located at Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur. Tabung Haji facilitates savings for the pilgrimage to Mecca through investment in Shariah-compliant vehicles, Tabung Haji Plantations Tabung Haji website
30.
Hajj
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It is one of the five pillars of Islam, alongside Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, and Sawm. The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people in the world, the state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called istitaah, and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a mustati. The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, the word Hajj means to intend a journey, which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions. The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th of Dhu al-Hijjah, because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year, the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year. Ihram is the given to the special spiritual state in which pilgrims wear two white sheets of seamless cloth and abstain from certain actions. The pilgrims then shave their heads, perform a ritual of animal sacrifice, Pilgrims can also go to Mecca to perform the rituals at other times of the year. This is sometimes called the lesser pilgrimage, or Umrah, the present pattern of Hajj was established by Muhammad. However, according to the Quran, elements of Hajj trace back to the time of Abraham, according to Islamic tradition, Abraham was ordered by God to leave his wife Hagar and his son Ishmael alone in the desert of ancient Mecca. In search of water, Hagar desperately ran seven times between the two hills of Safa and Marwah but found none, returning in despair to Ishmael, she saw the baby scratching the ground with his leg and a water fountain sprang forth underneath his foot. Later, Abraham was commanded to build the Kaaba and to people to perform pilgrimage there. The Quran refers to incidents in verses 2, 124-127 and 22. It is said that the archangel Gabriel brought the Black Stone from Heaven to be attached to the Kaaba, in pre-Islamic Arabia, a time known as jahiliyyah, the Kaaba became surrounded by pagan idols. In 630 CE, Muhammad led his followers from Medina to Mecca, cleansed the Kaaba by destroying all the pagan idols, in 632 CE, Muhammad performed his only and last pilgrimage with a large number of followers, and instructed them on the rites of Hajj. It was from this point that Hajj became one of the five pillars of Islam. During the medieval times, pilgrims would gather in big cities of Syria, Egypt and this was done in order to protect the caravan from Bedouin robbers or natural hazards, and to ensure that the pilgrims were supplied with the necessary provisions. Muslim travelers like Ibn Jubayr and Ibn Battuta have recorded detailed accounts of Hajj-travels of medieval time, the caravans followed well-established routes called in Arabic darb al-hajj, lit. Pilgrimage road, which usually followed ancient routes such as the Kings Highway, the date of Hajj is determined by the Islamic calendar, which is based on the lunar year. Every year, the events of Hajj take place in a period, starting on 8 and ending on 12 Dhu al-Hijjah
31.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
32.
Peninsular Malaysia
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Peninsular Malaysia, also known as West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula and surrounding islands. Its area is 130,598 square kilometres and it shares a land border with Thailand in the north. To the south is the island of Singapore, across the Strait of Malacca to the west lies the island of Sumatra. East Malaysia is to the east across the South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia accounts for the majority of Malaysias population and economy, as of 2015 its population is roughly 25 million. In 1963, the name Malaysia was adopted by the new federation uniting the Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, at the time, the Philippines had also contemplated adopting the name. Peninsular Malaysia is also known as West Malaysia or Malaya, in current everyday usage the word Malaya is almost always used jocularly, e. g. Gempar satu Malaya. Which roughly means shakes the whole of Malaya, the term Malaya generally included Singapore until 1946, when Singapore was excluded from the formation of Malayan Union. In Singapore law, Malaya includes Singapore, whereas the term States of Malaya does not, the majority of people on Peninsular Malaysia are ethnic Malays, predominantly Muslim. Large Chinese and Indian populations exist, the Orang Asli are the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia, they numbered around 140,000 and mostly lived in inland parts of the region. Unlike the East Coast, the West Coast is partitioned further into three regions, including, The Northern Region, Perlis, Kedah, Penang and Perak, the Central Region, Selangor and the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. The Southern Region, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca and Johor Even though Johor has a coastline facing the South China Sea and these rights were granted as part of Sarawaks 18-point agreement and Sabahs 20-point agreement with Federation of Malaya in forming the Federation of Malaysia. Malaya Malayan dollar Peninsular Malaysia travel guide from Wikivoyage
33.
Malaysian Today
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Malaysian Today is an English-language bi-monthly tabloid which focuses on youth lifestyle, entertainment and sports. It can also be read in certain shops, such as Starbucks, Coffee Bean, Malaysian Today started out as an English tabloid in Sarawak which was founded in 2001 but ceased publication in December 2004. On 1 March 2005, the newspaper was revived as a biweekly in Peninsular Malaysia. It was headed by Jessie Soon, the daughter of Sarawak politician Sng Chee Hua, until late 2006, the paper was published every Tuesday and Friday and distributed free to selected colleges and universities. It was also sold at the news-stands at RM0.50 until late 2005, as of January 2010, Malaysian Today is a bi-monthly youth-focused publication, publishing every first and third Thursday of each month, with additional multimedia content updated on the website. Veteran journalist Hisham Harun is the papers Contributing Editor
34.
Putra Post
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Putra Post is a fortnightly tabloid launched by supporters of the former Prime Minister of Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad, including the Generation Mahathir club. The purpose of this was supposedly to spread his views in the rural areas and this comes in the spate of recent conflicts between Mahathir and the present administration of Abdullah Badawi. The newspaper is funded by close to Tun Dr Mahathir. There are conflicting reports about its cost, which varies from RM2.00 to RM2.50. The first run, which hit newsstands in major towns and cities ahead of the Kubang Pasu UMNO division meeting on 9 September 2006, had 50,000 copies and 24 pages, the response to the inaugural edition warranted the printing of another 20,000 copies. This issue contains predominantly political content, but also includes entertainment, the first page shows a picture of Mahathir, with an article entitled Let Mahathir Speak. Also included are spoofs of various movie posters, satirising the current political situation, new tabloid to help Mahathir reach kampungs
35.
Malay Mail
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It is a free lunchtime paper with 100,000 copies circulated around the Klang Valley. Main target audience are Professionals, Managers, Executives and Businessmen, the newspaper was an afternoon edition which focuses on the local happenings and was promoted as “The Paper That Cares”. It was common to find local community news making the headlines, the paper also had featured a “Page 3 Girl” and was not taken too seriously as it had the image of a tabloid with the printing of many unsubstantiated news articles. The newspaper had a presence in classified ads and in the 1990s it was common to find almost half the newspapers comprising classified ads. In 1997, the Malay Mail was the NSTP Berhads single most profitable unit through its grip on classifieds which, in the nature of a virtuous cycle, actually intensified its popularity. When the Asian financial crisis broke from 1997 to 1998, another newspaper, The Star offered huge discounts to property agents. The Malay Mail could not, or would not, offer such rebates –, once readers moved, The Star′s massive circulation ensured that they would stay, and the Malay Mail′s circulation plummeted. The Malay Mail was linked to another newspaper, the New Straits Times via its holding company. During the turn of the millennium, the New Straits Times was facing increasing competition from another daily newspaper, a strategic decision was made to focus on only one English newspaper, which was the New Straits Times. On 1 September 2004, the New Straits Times introduced the publishing of two versions of the newspaper – a tabloid-size daily along with the broadsheet format and this signalled their intention to go head-on with The Star which printed tabloid-sized newspapers. The more senior reporters from the Malay Mail were transferred to the New Straits Times, in early 2005, plans were unveiled to change the direction of the paper and has offered voluntary separation scheme to senior writers and journalists of the Malay Mail. Its former weekend edition, The Sunday Mail, published its last edition on 8 May 2005, after some experiments that went awry in 2006 and 2007, the NSTP decided to sell the paper to Media Prima Berhad. The newspaper’s circulation has slid from its peak of over 60,000 in the mid-1980s, advertising revenue has kept in step, plummeting to RM10 million annually from its peak of RM70 million in 1997. Advertising revenue has since been declining and the business has been reporting losses, Media Prima Berhad relaunched the Malay Mail on 5 May 2008 as a free afternoon paper but still failed to turn around the losses. The Malay Mail was then sold in 2009 by Media Prima Berhad to the Redberry Group. Under a new management, it was re-launched as a mainstream and it had a cover price of RM1. On 8 November 2005, the Weekend Mail was suspended by the Internal Security Ministry for breaching guidelines and conditions under the Printing Presses and this was because the reports and photographs in the papers November 4–5 issue focusing on sex and sexual issues were contrary to values practised by Malaysians. List of newspapers in Malaysia Official website Malay Mail on Facebook
36.
The Sun (Malaysia)
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The Sun is Malaysias first national free daily newspaper in tabloid form. Available from Mondays to Fridays except on holiday, with a target audience of white-collar workers. It is published by Sun Media Corporation Sdn Bhd, which is part of the Berjaya Media Group, theSun was launched on 1 June 1993, which was originally The Sun. It stopped publication on 30 June 1994, for a revamp and it became a free newspaper in 2002. Home delivery is available at RM0.30, audited circulation figures by Audit Bureau of Circulations Malaysia for January-June 2015, theSun is the highest circulated English newspaper, with a circulation of 306,249. Sun Media Corporation Sdn Bhd was incorporated in Malaysia under the Act on 19 July 1991 as a limited company under the name of Fikiran Abadi Sdn Bhd. On 8 December 1994, it changed its name to Sun Media Group Sdn Bhd before assuming its present name on 22 August 1998, the principal activity of SMCSB is the publication of theSun newspaper, an English language national daily that was launched in 1993. On 8 April 2002, theSun newspaper was relaunched as a national daily. On 23 April 2008, Nexnews Berhad changed its name to Berjaya Media Berhad, theSun covers national and international news as well as sports, property, media & marketing and lifestyle & entertainment. It has been redesigned with plenty of news briefs to cater to the habits of busy executives - the papers target audience. TheSun weekend was launched in the weekend of 15–16 May 2004 and it was however discontinued in March 2006 as it is not consistent with the free paper model. People can also get a copy of theSun in almost all Malaysian 7-Eleven stores or pay a newsvendor to deliver the paper to homes, the papers circulation is audited by the Audit Bureau of Circulation. In 2006, prompted by the demand for copies and advertisers thirst for a wider reach, theSun. The increase took place in two phases, the first on 8 March, with circulation bumped up to 230,000 from 150,000 previously, the second phase saw circulation rising by another 15% to 265,000 copies on 2 October. Out of that,215,000 copies are distributed in the Klang Valley, theSun has won several awards for advertising. The Association of Accredited Advertising Agents Malaysia has awarded theSun the Media Partner of the Year Award, in the recent Malaysian Media Awards 2005, advertisements by MindShare/Nike and mediaedge, cia/ING Insurance published in theSun won Gold and Silver awards respectively. In March 2007, theSun achieved another milestone when three of its journalists won top awards given by the Society of Publishers in Asia based in Hong Kong. SOPA, the Asian equivalent of the Pulitzer Prize in the United States, picked theSun for Excellence in Public Service Journalism, the competition included more established regional publications
37.
Malay language
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Malay is a major language of the Austronesian family. It has a status in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia. As the Bahasa Kebangsaan or Bahasa Nasional of several states, Standard Malay has various official names, in Singapore and Brunei it is called Bahasa Melayu, in Malaysia, Bahasa Malaysia, and in Indonesia, Bahasa Indonesia and is designated the Bahasa Persatuan/Pemersatu. However, in areas of central to southern Sumatra where the language is indigenous, Indonesians refer to it as Bahasa Melayu and consider it one of their regional languages. There are also several Malay trade and creole languages which are based on a lingua franca derived from Classical Malay, as well as Macassar Malay, Malay historical linguists agree on the likelihood of the Malay homeland being in western Borneo stretching to the Bruneian coast. A form known as Proto-Malay language was spoken in Borneo at least by 1000 BCE and was, it has been argued, the ancestral language of all subsequent Malayan languages. The history of the Malay language can be divided into five periods, Old Malay, the Transitional Period, the Malacca Period, Late Modern Malay and it is not clear that Old Malay was actually the ancestor of Classical Malay, but this is thought to be quite possible. Old Malay was influenced by Sanskrit literary language of Classical India, Sanskrit loanwords can be found in Old Malay vocabulary. Batenburg on November 29,1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, on the banks of the Tatang and it is a small stone of 45 by 80 centimetres. The earliest surviving manuscript in Malay is the Tanjong Tanah Law in post-Pallava letters and this 14th-century pre-Islamic legal text produced in the Adityawarman era of Dharmasraya, a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that arose after the end of Srivijayan rule in Sumatra. The laws were for the Minangkabau people, who still live in the highlands of Sumatra. The Malay language came into use as the lingua franca of the Malacca Sultanate. During this period, the Malay language developed rapidly under the influence of Islamic literature, the development changed the nature of the language with massive infusion of Arabic, Malayalam and Sanskrit vocabularies, called Classical Malay. Under the Sultanate of Malacca the language evolved into a form recognisable to speakers of modern Malay, however, there is no connection between Malaccan Malay as used on Riau and the Riau vernacular. One of the oldest surviving letters written in Malay is a letter from Sultan Abu Hayat of Ternate, Maluku Islands in present-day Indonesia, the letter is addressed to the king of Portugal, following contact with Portuguese explorer Francisco Serrão. The letters show sign of non-native usage, the Ternateans used the unrelated Ternate language, Malay was used solely as a lingua franca for inter-ethnic communications. Malay is a member of the Austronesian family of languages, which includes languages from Southeast Asia, malagasy, a geographic outlier spoken in Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, is also a member of this language family. Although each language of the family is mutually unintelligible, their similarities are rather striking, many roots have come virtually unchanged from their common ancestor, Proto-Austronesian language
38.
Berita Harian
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BH came into being on 1 July 1957 as the first mainstream newspaper in Bahasa Malaysia. Its Sunday Edition, BH Ahad, was launched on 10 July 1960, the newspaper was printed in broadsheet format until 5 July 2008, when the newspaper sported a newer, more compact look. The paper underwent a transition on 1 July 2012 in which several changes were made including renaming the Ekonomi section to Bisnes. Changes were also made in layout, typography and pagination,1957 On 1 July, the inaugural issue of Berita Harian, first romanised Malay morning newspaper was published. Initially, it reflected the contents of Straits Times and was priced at RM0.15 with only 8 staff operating the paper,1958 In April, Abdul Samad Ismail was appointed Editor. 1960 On 10 July, Berita Minggu, first romanised Malay Sunday newspaper was launched,1966 On 1 Jan, Berita Harian introduced a new masthead. 1968 Cartoonist Lat started contributing Keluarga Si Mamat cartoon series in Berita Minggu,1972 Abdul Wahab Zain was appointed Editor. 1975 On 1 July, Berita Harian price was increased to RM0.25,1976 Abdul Samad Said was appointed Editor. 1978 Salim Kajai was appointed Editor,1979 On 29 Nov, Edisi Bandar Berita Harian was launched. 1981 Berita Harian was revamped with new colour masthead, new sections,1983 Berita Harian price was increased to RM0.45. 1984 In February, Ahmad Sebi Abu Bakar became Group Editor,1985 On 19 June, Berita Harian and Berita Minggu were incorporated under a subsidiary, Berita Harian Sdn Bhd. On 20 Oct, Akhbar Dalam Darjah was launched,1986 In April, Abdul Kadir Jasin became Group Editor. 1988 On 8 April, Ahmad Nazri Abdullah became Group Editor,1989 On 8 Aug, Jaguh – a special 16-page tabloid pullout on Sports was introduced. 1991 On 2 Dec, new format of Berita Harian with the tag line Sumber Ilmu dan Maklumat Mutakhir was launched, on 8 Dec, new format of Berita Minggu was launched. 1992 On 1 June, special daily supplements were added, Berita Pelajar, Berita Wanita, Berita Teknologi, Jaguh, Perspektif,1993 On 5 May, Komputer was published as a sub-section in Teknologi section. Launch of Minda Pelajar on 4 December,50,000 issues were printed weekly at RM0.70 per issue. 1994 On 5 Jan, Komputer was launched as a separate pullout, on 11 Aug, launch of a new image of Berita Komputer. The first issue of Didik, a weekly tabloid, was published on 19 December with the cover price of RM0.70
39.
Harian Metro
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Harian Metro, Malaysias first Malay daily afternoon tabloid in Klang Valley and morning tabloid in other part of Malaysia was established on 25 March 1991. It is now Malaysias largest circulating newspaper for any language, the change in the demographics of urbanites resulted in a growing audience of young people who were looking for entertainment, shopping news, lifestyle features and current news. Harian Metro met those needs in exciting editorial presentations, on 17 July 2006, not content to rest on its laurels, the newspaper underwent a layout revamp to remain fresh and relevant for its readers. New vibrant pullouts were introduced such as “Rap” and “Variasi”, on 11 April 2009, Harian Metro increased the cover price with introduction of its new exciting pullouts such as “GIGS” and “EKSTRA”. Harian Metros meteoric rise has steadily gained momentum over the past few years, for 2011, Harian Metro maintained for the fifth year running as the No.1 daily Bahasa Melayu newspaper as declared by the Audit Bureau of Circulations. However, it have lost the status to its rival, Mingguan Malaysia since 2nd quarter 2013, largely due to increasing usage, the continuous changes have since been well received by its readers, consolidating further the tabloid’s position as the leading Bahasa Melayu newspaper. 1991 On 26 March, Harian Metro, the country’s first afternoon Bahasa newspaper was launched, mior Kamarul Shahid was appointed the first News Editor. On 26 June, Harian Metro first revamped,1992 Ahmad Puah Onah was appointed Editor. On 25 March, the edition of Harian Metro was launched in Johor Bahru. 1994 On 1 April, Zian Johari was appointed Editor, on 16 May, Harian Metro Edisi Timur was launched. On 1 August, Harian Metro Edisi Utara was launched,1995 On 29 August, Metro Ahad was launched. 2000 On 17 July, Harian Metro was revamped with a new tag line ‘Kini, Sini, on 23 July, Metro Ahad was revamped. 2001 On 26 March, Harian Metro celebrated its 10th Anniversary 2003 Metro Ahad achieved 1,068,000 readers for the quarter of 2003. 2004 On 27 January, new web page for Harian Metro & Metro Ahad was launched at Balai Berita. On 1 June, Berita Harian Sdn Bhd appointed Hafifi Hafidz as the new Executive Editor of Harian Metro and Metro Ahad, replacing Zian Johari, on 27 July, Harian Metro launched its weekly column called “Liku-liku Niaga”. The column publishes every Tuesday in Harian Metro’s Business section, on 23 August, a new pullout of Harian Metro called Bintang and Variasi Metro was launched. 2005 On 1 January, the price of Harian Metro was increased to RM1.20. In Sabah and Sarawak, Harian Metro was sold at RM2.00 each, in Sabah and Sarawak, the newspaper was sold at RM2.00
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Kosmo!
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Kosmo. is a Malay language compact format newspaper in Malaysia owned by Utusan Melayu Berhad. It is available in Malaysia at most newsstands and it was launched on 30 August 2004 by Prime Minister Dato’ Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. All the sections in this use a exclamation mark. Formerly, Kosmo. was sold in Malaysia at a price of 80 cents daily excluding Sundays, when it was sold at RM1.00 under a different name, that is Kosmo Ahad. However, by April 2007, Kosmo. priced at RM1.00 per day, as of July 2016, it is priced at RM1.00 for both Kosmo. and Kosmo Ahad. Utusan Group Official Site Official newspapers website The Prime Ministers Speech at the Launching Ceremony of Kosmo
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Chinese language
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Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese is spoken by the Han majority and many ethnic groups in China. Nearly 1.2 billion people speak some form of Chinese as their first language, the varieties of Chinese are usually described by native speakers as dialects of a single Chinese language, but linguists note that they are as diverse as a language family. The internal diversity of Chinese has been likened to that of the Romance languages, There are between 7 and 13 main regional groups of Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin, followed by Wu, Min, and Yue. Most of these groups are mutually unintelligible, although some, like Xiang and certain Southwest Mandarin dialects, may share common terms, all varieties of Chinese are tonal and analytic. Standard Chinese is a form of spoken Chinese based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. It is the language of China and Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore. It is one of the six languages of the United Nations. The written form of the language, based on the logograms known as Chinese characters, is shared by literate speakers of otherwise unintelligible dialects. Of the other varieties of Chinese, Cantonese is the spoken language and official in Hong Kong and Macau. It is also influential in Guangdong province and much of Guangxi, dialects of Southern Min, part of the Min group, are widely spoken in southern Fujian, with notable variants also spoken in neighboring Taiwan and in Southeast Asia. Hakka also has a diaspora in Taiwan and southeast Asia. Shanghainese and other Wu varieties are prominent in the lower Yangtze region of eastern China, Chinese can be traced back to a hypothetical Sino-Tibetan proto-language. The first written records appeared over 3,000 years ago during the Shang dynasty, as the language evolved over this period, the various local varieties became mutually unintelligible. In reaction, central governments have sought to promulgate a unified standard. Difficulties have included the great diversity of the languages, the lack of inflection in many of them, in addition, many of the smaller languages are spoken in mountainous areas that are difficult to reach, and are often also sensitive border zones. Without a secure reconstruction of proto-Sino-Tibetan, the structure of the family remains unclear. A top-level branching into Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages is often assumed, the earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around 1250 BCE in the late Shang dynasty
