1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Frankie Valli
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Frankie Valli is an American singer, known as the frontman of The Four Seasons beginning in 1960. He is known for his powerful falsetto voice. Valli scored 29 Top 40 hits with The Four Seasons, one Top 40 hit under The Four Seasons alias The Wonder Who. and nine Top 40 hits as a solo artist. As a member of The Four Seasons, Vallis number-one hits included Sherry, Big Girls Dont Cry, Walk Like a Man, Rag Doll, Vallis recording of the song Cant Take My Eyes Off You reached number two in 1967. Youre Ready Now, a Valli solo recording from 1966, became a hit in the UK as part of the Northern soul scene. As a solo artist, Valli scored number-one hits with the songs My Eyes Adored You and Grease. Valli, Tommy DeVito, Nick Massi and Bob Gaudio – the original members of The Four Seasons – were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. Valli was born Francesco Stephen Castelluccio, the eldest of three sons to an Italian family in the First Ward of Newark, New Jersey. His father, Anthony Castelluccio, was a barber and display designer for Lionel model trains, his mother, Mary Rinaldi, was a homemaker and beer company employee. He was inspired to take up a career at the age of seven after his mother took him to see the young Frank Sinatra at the Paramount Theater in New York City. One of his favorite singers was Texas Jean Valli, from whom he obtained his last name. Until he could support himself with music, he worked as a barber, Vallis birth year has been called into question. Valli never addressed the issue himself, until the 2007 posting at the Official Frankie Valli Site, sponsored by his current record label, much of the previous official publicity surrounding his career used 1937 as the birth year. Other sources, such as the Bear Family Records release, titled The Four Lovers, as well as a 1965 mug shot, available through The Smoking Gun, Valli began his singing career in the early 1950s with the Variety Trio. Vallis desire to sing in public was granted when, having heard Valli sing. In late 1952, the Variety Trio disbanded and Valli, along with Tommy DeVito, became part of the band at The Strand in New Brunswick. For his part, Valli played bass and sang and he cut his first single, My Mothers Eyes, in 1953 as Frankie Valley, a variation on a name he adopted from Texas Jean Valli, a female hillbilly singer as discussed in a 2014 article. Frankie said in 2010 that Jean took him to music publishers Paul and Dave Kapp
3.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
4.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
5.
Smash Records
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Smash Records was an American record label founded in 1961 as a subsidiary of Mercury Records by Mercury executive Shelby Singleton and run by Singleton with Charlie Fach. Fach took over after Singleton left Mercury in 1966 and its recording artists included Frankie Valli, James Brown, Bruce Channel, Roger Miller, The Left Banke, Bill Justis and Jerry Lee Lewis. A dispute with King Records led Brown to release all of his bands instrumental recordings between 1964 and 1967 on Smash, Smash also released three of Browns vocal recordings, including his 1964 proto-funk single Out of Sight. Smash shared the numbering system for their singles with other labels that they distributed, the most important of these was Fontana Records. Mercury discontinued the Smash label in 1970, Mercury label owner PolyGram used the Smash imprint for reissues in the 1980s. PolyGram revived Smash in 1991 as an R&B/dance label with its offices located in Chicago and it was first under the PolyGram Label Group umbrella, then under the Independent Label Sales umbrella, then under Island Records until the imprint was retired in 1996. One of the hits Smash saw during this period was People Are Still Having Sex by house music producer LaTour, another successful artist on the dance charts was Jamie Principle
6.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
7.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
8.
The Walker Brothers
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The Walker Brothers were an American pop group of the 1960s and 1970s, that included Scott Engel, John Walker, and Gary Leeds. In between the two was the lesser US hit My Ship is Coming In, formed in 1964, they adopted the Walker Brothers name as a show business touch even though the members were all unrelated — simply because we liked it. S. charts. The Walker Brothers Trio was formed in Los Angeles in 1964 by John Walker, Scott Engel, and drummer Al Tiny Schneider. Walker and Engel, with two musicians, had also toured the Midwest in 1963 as The Surfaris, although the group included none of the musicians who played on the Surfaris records. Dropping the word Trio, Walker and Engel were signed by Mercury Records, recorded a single, Pretty Girls Everywhere and they also appeared on the Shindig. TV show, developed by Jack Good, and then on a weekly TV show, late in 1964, they met drummer Gary Leeds, previously of The Standells. He had recently toured the UK with singer P. J. Proby, Leeds – along with club regular Brian Jones – persuaded them that the bands rock and roll and blues style would go down well in swinging London, where Proby had already succeeded. They also appeared in a film, Beach Ball, and sent demo recordings to labels in the United Kingdom. With financial backing from Leeds stepfather, Walker, Engel and Leeds traveled to the UK in February 1965 for an exploratory visit, when they landed in England, record producer Johnny Franz was keen to sign them up. In a short time, Walker and Engel had secured a contract with Philips Records, an affiliate of Mercury. The song had originally recorded by The Everly Brothers and released as B-side to their single The Girl Who Sang The Blues in 1963. Philips then recorded and released the version of Make It Easy on Yourself. It was sung by Engel, arranged by Ivor Raymonde and produced by Johnny Franz, session musicians on the record included Alan Parker and Big Jim Sullivan. By August 1965, Make It Easy on Yourself had entered the UK Top 10, later in the year, it also reached No.16 in the US Billboard Hot 100. The track sold 250,000 copies in the UK, and over one million copies globally, the number 3 UK hit My Ship Is Coming In, originally recorded in 1965 by Soul singer Jimmy Radcliffe, followed. Then in March 1966, The Walker Brothers hit No.1 for the time in six months with The Sun Aint Gonna Shine Anymore. Their popularity in the UK – particularly that of Scott – reached a new high, especially teenage girls. The Sun Aint Gonna Shine Anymore also made the US Top 20, the Walker Brothers continued to have chart hits in the UK in 1966 and 1967, with Scott taking a more prominent role in their song choices and arrangements, but with diminishing commercial success
9.
Cher
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Cher is an American singer and actress. Commonly referred to as the Goddess of Pop, she is described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry. Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song I Got You Babe reached number one on the American and she began her solo career simultaneously, releasing in 1966 her first million-seller song, Bang Bang. She became a personality in the 1970s with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run. She emerged as a trendsetter by wearing elaborate outfits on her television shows. While working on television, she established herself as a solo artist with the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves, Half-Breed, and Dark Lady. After her divorce from Sonny Bono in 1975, Cher launched a comeback in 1979 with the disco-oriented album Take Me Home and earned $300,000 a week for her 1980–82 residency show in Las Vegas. In 1982, Cher made her Broadway debut in the play Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean and starred in the film adaptation of the same title. She subsequently earned critical acclaim for her performances in such as Silkwood, Mask. She then revived her career by recording the rock-inflected albums Cher, Heart of Stone. She reached a new peak in 1998 with the album Believe. It also features the use of Auto-Tune, also known as the Cher effect. Her 2002–2005 Living Proof, The Farewell Tour became one of the concert tours of all time. In 2008, she signed a $180 million deal to headline the Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas for three years, after seven years of absence, she returned to film in the 2010 musical Burlesque. Chers first studio album in 12 years, Closer to the Truth, Cher has won a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, an Academy Award, three Golden Globe Awards, a Cannes Film Festival Award, and a special CFDA Fashion Award, among several other honors. Throughout her career, she has sold 100 million records worldwide and she is the only artist to date to have a number-one single on a Billboard chart in each decade from the 1960s to the 2010s. Outside of her music and acting, she is noted for her views, philanthropic endeavors and social activism, including LGBT rights. Cher was born Cherilyn Sarkisian in El Centro, California, on May 20,1946, Chers father was rarely home when she was an infant, and her parents divorced when Cher was ten months old
10.
Keane (band)
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Keane are an English pop rock band from Battle, East Sussex, formed in 1995. The band currently comprises Tom Chaplin, Tim Rice-Oxley, Richard Hughes and their original line-up included founder and guitarist Dominic Scott, who left in 2001. Keane achieved mainstream, international success with the release of their album, Hopes and Fears. Topping the UK charts, the won the 2005 Brit Award for Best British Album and was the second best-selling British album of 2004. Their second album, Under the Iron Sea, released in 2006, topped the UK album charts and their third album, Perfect Symmetry, was released in October 2008. In 2009, Hopes and Fears was listed as the ninth best-selling album of the 2000s decade in the UK and their EP, Night Train, was released in May 2010. Their fourth studio album, Strangeland, was released in May 2012, Keane are known for using a piano as the lead instrument instead of guitars, differentiating them from most other rock bands. The inclusion of a piano effect in 2006 and various synthesisers were a common feature in their music which developed on the second. Keane have sold over 10 million records worldwide, Tom Chaplin and Tim Rice-Oxley became friends when very young. Chaplins father David was the headmaster of Vinehall School in Robertsbridge, East Sussex, for 25 years and they later attended Tonbridge School in Kent, where Rice-Oxley met Dominic Scott, both of them discovered rapidly their liking for music. Richard Hughes, Keanes future drummer, also attended Tonbridge, Chaplin had also learned to play the flute but none of them considered music as a proper career at the time. In 1993, while studying at University College London for a degree in classics, Rice-Oxley formed a band with Scott. The band, named Lotus Eaters, started as a band, playing songs by the members favourite bands, including U2, Oasis, and The Beatles. After listening to Rice-Oxleys piano playing during a weekend at Virginia Water, Surrey in 1997, however, Rice-Oxley declined because he did not want to leave The Lotus Eaters, stating, I was seriously interested, but Keane were already operational and Coldplays keyboard player idea was dropped. Chaplins recruitment also marked a change of name from The Lotus Eaters to Cherry Keane, after a friend of Chaplins mother and she took care of them and would tell them to go for their dreams. At her death from cancer, she had money for Chaplins family. Chaplin commented, I used some of the money to see me through the times with the music. The name was shortened to Keane soon afterward, Chaplin departed for South Africa in the summer of 1997 to work as a volunteer during his gap year
11.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
12.
The Four Seasons (band)
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The Four Seasons is an American rock and pop band that became internationally successful in the 1960s and 1970s. The Vocal Group Hall of Fame has stated that the group was the most popular rock band before the Beatles, since 1970, they have also been known at times as Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons. The legal name of the organization is the Four Seasons Partnership, formed by Gaudio, while singers, producers, and musicians have come and gone, Gaudio and Valli remain the groups constant. Gaudio no longer live, leaving Valli the only member of the group from its inception who is touring as of 2017. The Four Seasons were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and they are one of the best-selling musical groups of all time, having sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide. Frankie Vallis first commercial release was My Mothers Eyes in 1953, the following year, he and guitarist Tommy DeVito formed The Variatones, which between 1954 and 1956 performed and recorded under a variety of names before settling on the name The Four Lovers. The same year, the released their first record, Youre the Apple of My Eye. Five additional Four Lovers singles were released over the year, with virtually no sales, airplay. In 1957, the seventh single had a similar lack of success. In 1958, Charles Calello replaced Nick Massi on bass in the lineup, in 1959, the group started working with producer/songwriter Bob Crewe, primarily for session work. In late 1959, Gaudio was added to the Four Lovers on keyboards and guitar, early the following year, Nick Massi returned to replace Calello, who remained the bands musical arranger. In 1960, despite the changes of personnel, the fortunes of the Four Lovers had not changed—they failed an audition for a lounge at a Union Township, Union County, according to Gaudio, We figured well come out of this with something. So we took the name of the bowling alley and it was called the Four Seasons. Despite the last few years of frustration of the Four Lovers, later, on a handshake agreement between keyboardist/composer Bob Gaudio and lead singer Frankie Valli, the Four Seasons Partnership was formed. The Four Seasons signed as artists to Crewes production company, the group continued working with producer Bob Crewe as background vocalists, and sometimes leads under different group names, for productions on Crewes own Topix label. As a follow-up, Bob Gaudio wrote a song that, after some discussion between Crewe and Gaudio, was titled Sherry, after the song was recorded, Crewe and the members of the group solicited record labels to release it. It was Frankie Valli who spoke with Randy Wood, West coast sales manager for Vee-Jay Records who, in turn, Sherry made enough of an impression that Crewe was able to sign a deal between his production company and Vee-Jay for its release. They were the first white artists to sign with Vee-Jay, in 1962, the group released their first album, featuring the single Sherry, which was not only their first charted hit but also their first number-one song
13.
The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore (album)
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The Sun Aint Gonna Shine Anymore is the second North-American studio album by the American pop group The Walker Brothers. Released in 1966, the album was the fourth overall. Portrait was not released in the USA or Canada, in its place Smash Records compiled The Sun Aint Gonna Shine Anymore as the groups second American album. The rest of the album was filled out with A-sides, B-sides and tracks from their first EP, the final track, Dont Fight It, was never released anywhere else. The Sun Aint Gonna Shine Anymore received good to mixed reviews from the majority of critics, gary Walker - drums and vocals John Walker - guitar and vocals Scott Walker - vocals, guitar, and keyboards Ivor Raymonde - music director
14.
Phonograph record
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The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. The phonograph disc record was the medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the cylinder from the late 1880s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed, by the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. The phonograph record has made a resurgence in the early 21st century –9.2 million records were sold in the U. S. in 2014. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014, as of 2017,48 record pressing facilities remain worldwide,18 in the United States and 30 in other countries. The increased popularity of vinyl has led to the investment in new, only two producers of lacquers remains, Apollo Masters in California, USA, and MDC in Japan. Vinyl records may be scratched or warped if stored incorrectly but if they are not exposed to heat or broken. The large cover are valued by collectors and artists for the space given for visual expression, in the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008, along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no evidence that Edisons phonograph was based on Scotts phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a paper tape, with the idea of creating a telephone repeater analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. The tinfoil was wrapped around a metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately, Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device, the wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century. Berliners earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 12.5 cm in diameter, both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality
15.
Baroque pop
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Baroque pop is a pop music subgenre that fuses classical music, orchestral pop, rock, and Baroque music. It is identifiable for its use of melodies, functional harmony patterns. The genre emerged in the 1960s after pop musicians and record producers began placing the harpsichord in the foreground of their arrangements, other typical baroque pop instrumentation includes string sections, French horns, and oboes. Baroque pops mainstream popularity faded by the 1970s, partially because punk rock, disco and hard rock took over, nonetheless, music was still produced within the genres tradition. Philadelphia soul in the 1970s and chamber pop in the 1990s both incorporated the spirit of baroque pop while the latter contested much of the low fidelity musical aesthetic. Baroque pop, stylistically, fuses elements of rock with classical music, often incorporating layered harmonies, strings and its prominent characteristics are the use of contrapuntal melodies and functional harmony patterns. It was intended to be a serious and mature outgrowth of rock music. English baroque is used by journalist Bob Stanley to describe a subset that existed between 1968 and 1973, starting in the 1960s, pop musicians and record producers like Phil Spector and the Beach Boys Brian Wilson began placing the harpsichord in the foreground of their arrangements. Harpsichords were widely available in recording studios, and had used in popular music since as early as the 1940s. One of the first pop hits to use a harpsichord was the Jamies Summertime, Summertime. Later examples range from the Beach Boys I Get Around and When I Grow Up to the Righteous Brothers Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin and the Mamas & the Papas Monday, Monday. The Boston Globes Matthew Guerriri speculates that the harpsichord may have been desirable for its buzzing, stinging timbre, slates Forrest Wickman credits Wilson and the Beatles producer, George Martin, as some of the men most responsible for the move into baroque pop. Along with Burt Bacharach, Spector had melded pop music with classical elements before they were melded with rock, writer Andrew Jackson suggests that the era of baroque pop in which rock melded with classical elements was prefaced by the Rolling Stones and Brian Wilson. The Beatles benefited from the music skills of Martin, who played a baroque harpsichord solo on the song In My Life. Author Joe Harrington noted that after its release, many baroque-rock works would soon appear, producer Tommy LiPuma believed, Once the Beatles featured that harpsichord sound on In My Life, pop producers began working it in. The genre is traced to the United States and the United Kingdom, by early 1966, various groups began using baroque and classical instrumentation, described as a baroque rock movement by Gendron. The Zombies single Shes Not There marked a point for British baroque pop. Stanley explains that the song didnt feature any oboes but stuck out rather dramatically in 1964, Shes Not There would inspire New York musician Michael Brown to form the Left Banke, whose song Walk Away Renée is considered by Stanley to be the first recognizable baroque pop single
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Philips Records
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Not to be confused with Phillips International Records. Philips Records is a label that was founded by the Dutch electronics company Philips. In 1946 Philips acquired the company which pressed records for British Deccas Dutch outlet in Amsterdam, the record label was started by Philips Phonographische Industrie in June 1950 when it began issuing classical recordings. Recordings were also made with artists of various nationalities and with classical artists from Germany, France. Launched under the slogan Records of the Century, the first releases in Britain appeared at the beginning of January 1953 on 1078 rpm discs, Philips also distributed recordings made by the Columbia Records in the UK and on the European continent. After the separation of the English Columbia label and American Columbia, the first single on the label to chart was Frankie Laines I Believe, which reached the No.1 chart position in the UK that April. Many of the first British recordings on the label were produced by Norman Newell until John Franz was appointed artists, in 1958 Philips created a subsidiary label, Fontana Records, which meant that American-Columbia recordings were being issued on both the Philips and Fontana labels. This arrangement lasted until April 1962 when, under pressure from Columbia in America, Philips then created a label for them. In late 1964, under the stewardship of U. S. President of Columbia Records Goddard Lieberson, CBS Records formed its own international operations, CBS Records set up their UK operation in Theobalds Road in Holborn. Singles and albums on the Philips and Fontana labels by Columbia-owned product were subsequently withdrawn, in 1962, Philips Records and Deutsche Grammophon formed the Grammophon-Philips Group joint venture, which later became PolyGram in 1972. UK pressings were manufactured at the large factory based at Walthamstow in N. E. In 1961, after Philips lost its North American distribution deal with Columbia Records, a year later, Philips US affiliate Consolidated Electronics Industries Corp. bought Mercury and its subsidiary labels, such as Smash. Philips classical, jazz and pop records were marketed by Mercury in the US under the Philips label, the Mercury Living Presence team also made classical recordings for Philips, in July 1961. 69 for cello and piano by Richter and Rostropovich, classical groups that Philips heavily recorded included the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, the Beaux Arts Trio, and the Quartetto Italiano. Violinist Arthur Grumiaux and the pianist Claudio Arrau were under contract to Philips, symphony orchestras under contract, including the LSO, were under the command of prestigious young conductors such as Colin Davis and Bernard Haitink. From 1961 until the late 1980s, Philips Records issued many classical titles in US-specific packaging, the records were pressed at Mercurys plant in Richmond, Indiana, and mastered in New York by George Piros at Fine Recording, using 2-track and mono master tapes provided by Philips. These releases were the PHS900 xxx series for stereo and the 500 xxx series for mono, clair Van Ausdal in Mercurys New York office oversaw the Philips classical US releases through the mid-1960s. These records were made through Mercurys existing jazz operations and produced by Jack Tracy, in addition to jazz and classical music, Philips also became a major player in the world of rock and pop music in the late 1950s till late 1970s
17.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
18.
I Need You (The Walker Brothers EP)
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I Need You is an Extended Play by the American pop group The Walker Brothers. It was released in 1966 reached number one on the UK EP Chart and it was released following the groups second UK #1 single when the group were at the height of their popularity. The EP was produced by John Franz, Ivor Raymonde and Reg Guest directed the musical accompaniment, the EP is also notable as it includes the original Scott Walker and John Franz composition Young Man Cried. In Australia Young Man Cried was omitted from the EP and replaced with the album track Land of 1,000 Dances from the debut album. All four tracks have since been re-released on the edition of the groups début album. Philips -434568 BE Philips - PE45 Ivor Raymonde - Accompaniment Direction Reg Guest - Accompaniment Direction The Quotations - Featured
19.
AMC (TV channel)
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AMC is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by AMC Networks. The channels programming, similar to that of FXM, primarily consists of released films. The channels name originally stood for American Movie Classics, but since 2002 the full name has been de-emphasized as a result of a shift in its programming. As of July 2015, AMC was received by approximately 94,832,000 households in the United States that subscribe to a pay television service. In March 2015, Dish Networks Sling TV announced it would begin making AMC channels available to cord cutters, including AMC, BBC America, IFC, SundanceTV. American Movie Classics, as AMC was originally known, debuted on October 1,1984 as a premium channel, AMC was originally operated as a joint venture between Rainbow Media and cable television provider Tele-Communications Inc. During its early years, it was not uncommon for AMC to host a marathon of Marx Brothers films, in 1987, the channel began to be carried on the basic cable tiers of many cable providers. By 1989, AMC was available to 39 million subscribers in the U. S, on December 1,1990, AMC began operating on a 24-hour-a-day schedule. Beginning in 1993, AMC presented an annual Film Preservation Festival to raise awareness of, portions of the festival were often dedicated to all-day marathons focusing on a single performer. During its fifth year in 1998, Scorsese credited the Festival for creating not only a greater awareness. In 1996, curator of the Museum of Modern Art Mary Lee Bandy called the Festival the most important public event in support of film preservation. By its tenth anniversary in 2003, the Festival had raised $2 million from the general public, the following year, Time Warner also attempted to acquire at least part of Liberty Medias stake in AMC. Turner owns rights to the RKO Radio Pictures film library and licensed RKOs films to AMC in a deal that was slated to last through 2004. Under the terms of the deal, AMC would obtain the RKO titles in exclusive windows, around this time, General Electric/NBC owned a stake in AMC – which it divested in the early 2000s. From 1996 to 1998, AMC aired its first original series, Remember WENN, the show was well received by both critics and its enthusiastic fans, but was abruptly cancelled after its fourth season following management changes at the channel. Despite a well publicized campaign to save the series, the show was not renewed for its originally scheduled fifth season. One popular AMC program was American Pop. which ran from 1998 to 2003, the majority of the films presented on AMC during the 1990s had originally been released by Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Columbia Pictures, and Universal Studios. The channel also showed classic silent films
20.
The Walking Dead (TV series)
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The Walking Dead is an American horror drama television series developed by Frank Darabont, based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. Andrew Lincoln plays the lead character, sheriffs deputy Rick Grimes. Grimes reunites with his family and becomes the leader of a group he forms with other survivors, together they struggle to survive and adapt in a post-apocalyptic world filled with walkers and opposing groups of survivors, who are often more dangerous than the walkers themselves. Much of the takes place in and around Atlanta, Georgia and Alexandria, Virginia. The Walking Dead premiered in the United States on October 31,2010, exclusively shown on television channel AMC. As a result of very favorable Nielsen ratings that rank the show unprecedentedly high for a cable series, beginning with its third season, The Walking Dead attracts the most 18- to 49-year-old viewers of any cable or broadcast television series. Its eighth season will debut in October 2017, an AMC companion series, Fear the Walking Dead, debuted on August 23,2015. The Walking Dead takes place after the onset of a zombie apocalypse. The zombies, colloquially referred to as walkers, shamble towards living humans, humans they bite or scratch become infected and slowly turn into walkers as well. It is revealed early in the series that all living humans carry this pathogen, so if they die from any other cause. The only way to kill a walker is to damage its brain or otherwise fully destroy the body. The series centers on sheriffs deputy Rick Grimes, who wakes up from a coma to discover this apocalypse, sheriffs deputy Rick Grimes awakens from a coma discovering a world overrun by zombies. After befriending Morgan Jones, Rick travels to Atlanta, Georgia and finds a group of survivors including his wife Lori, his son Carl, the group travels to the Centers for Disease Control but find from the sole remaining CDC member that no cure exists for the epidemic. Traveling from Atlanta, Ricks group takes shelter at Hershel Greenes farm while they search for Carol Peletiers missing daughter, Rick is forced to kill Shane in self-defense. The farm is overrun with walkers, and Hershels surviving family join Ricks group as they move on. Months from fleeing Hershels farm, Ricks group finds a prison they clear of zombies to make their new home, Lori dies in childbirth, and Rick becomes withdrawn. Meanwhile, Andrea and Michonne – who rescued Andrea after she got separated from the others – are brought to the town of Woodbury. Months after the Governors attack, a deadly flu kills many of the population at the prison, the Governor finds his former right-hand men and kill them, taking over their group to lead a new attack on the prison, forcing the remaining group to separate and flee
21.
Seeking a Friend for the End of the World
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Seeking a Friend for the End of the World is a 2012 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Lorene Scafaria, in her directorial debut. The film stars Steve Carell and Keira Knightley, the title and plot are a reference to a track on Chris Cornells 1999 album, Euphoria Morning, called Preaching the End of the World. Filming began May 2011, in Los Angeles, California, the film was theatrically released on June 22,2012 in the United States by Focus Features. The movie received mixed reviews critics and it earned $9.6 million on a $10 million budget. Seeking a Friend for the End of the World was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc, Dodge Petersen and his wife Linda listen to the broadcast from the side of the road. When Dodge makes a response, Linda looks at him in disgust. While everyone around him reacts differently to the suicide to constant drugs. He continues to attend to his meaningless job as a salesman, still employs his cleaning lady. Dodge hesitantly attends the party of his neighbors, Warren and his wife Diane. Dodge shortly returns home to reminisce about his school sweetheart, Olivia. She has just broken up with her boyfriend Owen for making her miss her last opportunity to see her family in England. At her apartment, Penny gives Dodge three years worth of his mail that was delivered to her and in the process unwittingly tells him that his wife was having an affair. Dodge storms off into the night, guzzling codeine-laced cough syrup and he wakes up in a park, with a dog tethered to his foot and a note on his sweater reading Sorry, which becomes the dogs name. Dodge takes Sorry home, opens the old mail, and is surprised to discover a letter from Olivia. Later, a riot breaks out on his block, Dodge and Penny abandon the self-centered Owen amidst the rioters, with Dodge explaining to Penny that he knows someone who could fly her to England if she helps him find Olivia. She agrees and the two set off with Sorry for Dodges hometown in Delaware and they get a ride to Camden, New Jersey, where they meet Pennys ex-boyfriend Speck, who is prepared for the apocalypse. Speck has a satellite phone in his bunker, and lets Penny contact her family. Penny and Dodge borrow a car of Specks and eventually make it to Olivias family home, Dodge and Penny walk up toward the door of the home, but find no one home and spend the day together, during which they realize mutual affection
22.
Stoker (film)
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Stoker is a 2013 British-American psychological thriller-drama film written by Wentworth Miller and directed by South Korean filmmaker Park Chan-wook in his English-language debut. It stars Mia Wasikowska, Matthew Goode, and Nicole Kidman, the film is dedicated to producer Tony Scott, who died after production. On her 18th birthday, India Stoker —a girl with a strong acuteness of the senses—has her life turned upside down after her loving father Richard dies in a car accident. India is then left with her unstable mother Evelyn, at Richards funeral, Evelyn and India are introduced to Richards charming and charismatic brother Charlie, who has spent his life traveling the world. He then announces that he is staying indefinitely to help support India and Evelyn, much to Evelyns delight, shortly after Charlie moves in, India witnesses him argue with Mrs. McGarrick, the head caretaker of the house. Charlie and Evelyn grow closer and intimate while India continues to rebuff Charlies attempts to befriend her, later, Indias great aunt Gwendolyn arrives to visit the family, much to Evelyn and Charlies dismay. At dinner, Gwendolyn shows surprise at Charlies claims of traveling the world, Gwendolyn ends up changing hotels due to an unexplained fear and suspicion of Charlie. However, she loses her phone and tries to call the Stokers home from her hotel payphone. While she is making her call, Charlie tracks her down and corners her in the phone booth, explaining that he found her through the cab company, he hands Gwendolyn her phone and then strangles her to death with his belt. Meanwhile, India goes into the basement to eat ice cream and she realizes Charlie is a murderer. Later, India unleashes her inner aggression at school and stabs a bully, Chris Pitts and this draws the attention of another classmate, Whip Taylor. India goes home and later witnesses Evelyn and Charlie growing intimate and she and Whip go into the woods where they proceed to make out until India aggressively bites Whip. Whip then attempts to rape India until Charlie intervenes, and breaks Whips neck with his belt, India then aids Charlie in burying the body in her garden. She then attempts to call Gwendolyn, but hears her phone ring deep in the garden, realizing Charlie killed her, India takes a shower and masturbates to the memory of the murder, climaxing as she remembers Charlie breaking Whips neck. While going through Richards office to gather things of his she wants to keep, inside, she finds dozens of letters Charlie wrote to her over the years, which detail his travels and express his love for his niece, although they have never met. However, India discovers that the address on the back of the envelopes is from a mental institution. India then confronts Charlie, who explains the truth, Charlie murdered his, Charlie was then put in a mental institution. When released on Indias 18th birthday, Richard gave Charlie a car, an amount of money
23.
Enemy (2013 film)
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Enemy is a 2013 psychological thriller film directed by Denis Villeneuve, produced by M. S. Faura and Niv Fichman and written by Javier Gullón, loosely adapted from José Saramagos 2002 novel The Double, the film stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Mélanie Laurent and Sarah Gadon and revolves around two men who are physically identical. It is also internationally co-produced by production companies from Spain and Canada, the film premiered in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8,2013. It was then released on March 14,2014 by A24 and it earned $3.4 million at the box office and received positive reviews. It was named Best Canadian Film of the Year at the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2014, a man attends an erotic show at an underground club that culminates with a naked woman on the verge of crushing a live tarantula under her platform high-heel. Elsewhere, a pregnant young woman alone on a bed. Adam Bell, a college history professor, rents a movie, Where Theres a Will Theres a Way. Adam sees an actor briefly, the man at the show, verifying online, Adam identifies the actor as Daniel St. Claire, the stage name for Anthony Claire. Adam rents the other two films in which Anthony has appeared and develops an interest in the man, who appears to be his physical doppelgänger, adams girlfriend Mary becomes troubled by the change in his behavior. Adam stalks Anthony, visiting his office and calling him at home, everyone, including Anthonys pregnant wife Helen, confuses both. In a separate image, a giant spider lurks among the Toronto skyline. Adam complies, and Anthony takes Mary to the hotel where the two men met, meanwhile, Adam breaks into Anthonys apartment and sleeps with Helen, who seems to realize her partner is different and asks Adam to stay. At the hotel, Mary panics when she sees Anthonys ring mark and demands to know who he is and she forces Anthony to drive her home, but the two get into a fight, and the car is involved in a high-speed crash, which presumably kills them both. The next day Adam dresses in Anthonys clothes and finds the key in a jacket pocket. Helen gets out of the shower and enters the bedroom, Adam asks Helen if she is doing anything that night and follows up the question by telling her he will be busy then. As he enters the bedroom, he beholds the now room-sized tarantula cowered against the rear wall, Adam, with a resigned look, sighs. Both director Villeneuve and leading actor Gyllenhaal spoke of their desire to make the film an exploration of the subconscious. To Villeneuve, Enemy is ultimately about repetition, the question of how to live, regarding the two physically identical characters, You dont know if they are two in reality, or maybe from a subconscious point of view, theres just one, said Villeneuve
24.
GfK Entertainment Charts
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The GfK Entertainment Charts are the official music charts in Germany and are gathered and published by GfK Entertainment GmbH on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Following a lawsuit in March 2014 by Media Control AG, Media Control® GfK International had to change its name, dissemination of the charts is conducted by various media outlets, some of which include VIVA music channel, and the Swiss charts website. Other entities that present the charts are MusicLoad and MIX1, furthermore, GfK Entertainment also runs a dedicated website providing chart-related news and access to most of the charts. Charts have been published in Germany since 1959, in a magazine called Der Musikmarkt, since 1959, the growing desire to have a well-developed music program has made Bundesverband Musikindustrie work together with charts providers to improve the way the charts are determined. For this purpose, different research institutes were tested, out of which Media Control, hence, the first official charts were made available in the magazine Der Musikmarkt in September 1977. Initially, there used to be 50 positions only, which later in January 1980, was extended to 75 slots, since 1989, however, GfK Entertainment has adapted the international standards providing 100 positions, now called Offizielle Top 100 Charts. In 2001, the Top-100 singles charts was modified to reflect the sales of the singles, Media Control developed Music Video charts in 2001, which later, in 2004, was renamed as DVD charts. While music-videos have their own charts, in 2001, GfK Entertainment made it possible for the music-video singles to have the ability to enter the Top-100 singles chart. Similarly, in 2002, it was available for music-video albums to chart on the Top-100 album chart. If not, then, the DVD album could qualify for the DVD chart only, in the same vein, if an audio CD contains at least 50% of video recording, then, it could qualify to chart on the DVD chart. In 2003, Media Control joined forces with GfK, thus the name officially being changed to Media Control GfK International GmbH. In 2004, Germany became one of the first music markets wherein sales charts were reflected by online digital downloads, digital-only releases came into existence on 13 July 2007, for online downloads only, which also altered the way the sales figures were conducted up to that point. Consequently, chart positions would no longer be affected by the number of music downloads as before. Thus, the albums would not necessarily be the ones ending up in the number-one position on the charts. In March 2014, GfK announced that the official chart providers name in Germany will change from Media Control GfK International GmbH to GfK Entertainment, there are currently 3,000 outlets that report their sales on weekly bases in Germany. The weekly sales data is transmitted to GfK Entertainment via communication network channel and this is the list of categories, for each of which charts are provided by GfK Entertainment
25.
Dutch Top 40
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The Dutch Top 40 is a weekly music chart compiled by Stichting Nederlandse Top 40. It started as a program titled Veronica Top 40, on the offshore station Radio Veronica in 1965. It remained The Veronica Top 40 until 1974, when the station was forced to stop broadcasting, joost den Draaijer was the initiator of the top 40 in the Netherlands. On January 2,1965, the first Top 40 was compiled, in 1974, the Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 bought the Top 40 and named it De Nederlandse Top 40. Currently, Radio 538 is airing the Dutch Top 40 on radio, jeroen Nieuwenhuize presents the program every Friday afternoon from 14.00 until 18.00. As of February 2014 the chart is a combination of airplay, streaming, the more often a song gets played on the radio, the higher its place in the Top 40. For year end chart positions, #1 position gets 40 points and this way you just count up all numbers and sort them from most points till least points. There is a set of rules, of some have existed since 1972. Some of these have been criticised as a hindrance, singles must remain minimal two weeks in the chart. If a single officially no longer belongs in the top 40, example, Missy Elliotts Lose Control, Remained two weeks on #40 in the chart, because it did not sell enough and also wasnt played enough on the radio. Singles that highly change position upwards are noted as having superstip status and these singles are not allowed to fall down in chart position the following week. Recent example, Guus Meeuwis Ik Wil Dat Ons Land Juicht, The song entered the chart at #11, the following week it was meant to drop in chart position, but remained on the #5 position. The following two weeks, it went from #5 to #39, because of this rule, this single is the biggest fall down in the Dutch Top 40. However this is not always the case, sometimes singles with a superstip do drop for some reason Re-entry only takes place when the single re-enters within the top 30, if differently, these re-entried singles are ignored. Example, Racoon recently re-entered the Dutch Top 40 at #31 though with the song Love You More, singles with double A-side are noted separately in the top 40, due the different number of airplay the two songs get. Example, Robbie Williams first single off his 2005 album Intensive Care was Tripping with the B-side being Make Me Pure, while Tripping topped the chart by peaking at #1, Make Me Pure peaked at #15 in the Top 40. This is a listing of significant achievements and milestones based upon the Dutch Top 40 charts. & Pharrell Williams — Blurred Lines Avicii — Wake Me Up Clean Bandit featuring Jess Glynne — Rather Be OMI — Cheerleader 10 weeks Heintje — Ich bau dir ein Schloß4 Non Blondes — Whats Up
26.
It's a Man's World (Cher album)
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Its a Mans World is the twenty-first studio album by American singer-actress Cher released on November 6,1995 by WEA, a label of Warner Music U. K. This is also the start of her stint with Warner Music Group. With an adjusted track list, the album was released in the United States on June 25,1996 by Reprise Records and it peaked at #64 on the Billboard Top 200 Albums chart, and only sold 9,000 copies in that week. As of June 2003, the album has sold 194,000 copies in the United States, in the February 22,1997 issue of the Billboard magazine, it was reported that the album sold 700,000 copies worldwide. In the UK the album peaked at #10 and was certified Gold by BPI for selling more than 100,000 copies and its a Mans World found Cher singing unconventional songs in a style more associated with the Deep South, rather than her more familiar pop and rock roots. The album also stands out for Cher stretching her vocals to head register for such songs as One by One and The Gunman, Cher signed with Warner Music U. K. in 1994 and recorded Its a Mans World in London in 1995. That same year the album was released all over Europe with Walking in Memphis as its lead off single, in the same year, it was certified gold in the UK by the British Phonographic Industry. The original album included fourteen songs, but when it was released in the United States in 1996 the setlist included only eleven songs, three songs, I Wouldnt Treat a Dog, Dont Come Around Tonite and Shape of Things to Come had been removed from the American release. The American release was reviewed by critics as a mid-90s R&B/pop phenomenon due to the removal of these three rock songs and also due to five songs remixed to evoke a contemporary R&B feel. The new versions of songs, Not Enough Love in the World, Paradise Is Here, Angels Running, What About the Moonlight. Their new sound carried R&B influences, while their original versions were influenced by Southern rock, because of the alterations, the American release was also compared to the style of Boyz II Men. One critic Jose F. Promis from Allmusic described the album as one of the singers finest, while the album was temporarily sidelined by her dizzying worldwide success with Believe, in recent years it has been rediscovered and credited
27.
Warner Music Group
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Warner Music Group is an American multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate headquartered in New York City. With a multibillion-dollar annual turnover, WMG employs in excess of 3,500 people and has operations in more than 50 countries throughout the world, the company owns and operates some of the largest and most successful record labels in the world, including its flagship labels Warner Bros. WMG also owns Warner/Chappell Music, one of the worlds largest music publishers, the film company had no record label division at the time and one of its contracted actors, Tab Hunter, scored a hit song for Dot Records, which was a division of rival Paramount Pictures. In order to prevent any repetition of its actors recording for rival companies, in 1963, Warner purchased Reprise Records, which had been founded by Frank Sinatra three years earlier so that he could have more creative control over his recordings. With the Reprise acquisition, Warner gained the services of Mo Ostin, the Canadian unit was opened in 1967 as Warner Reprise Canada Ltd, now called Warner Music Canada Co. After Warner Bros. was sold to Seven Arts Productions in 1967, it purchased Atlantic Records, founded in 1947 and WMGs oldest label and this acquisition brought Neil Young into the company fold, initially as a member of Buffalo Springfield. The Geffen catalogue, now owned by Universal Music Group, represents Youngs only major recordings not under WMG ownership, in 1969, two years after being purchased by Seven Arts, the Warner Bros. -Seven Arts company was sold to the Kinney National Company. Kinney combined the operations of all of its labels. An earlier attempt by Warner Bros. Records to create a distribution arm in 1958 didnt materialize. So in 1969, Elektra Records boss Jac Holzman approached Atlantics Jerry Wexler with the idea of setting up a joint distribution network for Warner, Elektra, an experimental branch was established in Southern California as a possible prototype for an expanded operation. Atlantic, its subsidiary Atco Records, and its affiliate Stax Records paved the way for Warners rise to industry prominence, the purchase brought in Atlantics lucrative back-catalogue, which included classic recordings by Ray Charles, the Drifters, the Coasters, and many more. But the sale led to Stax leaving the Atlantic fold because the new Warner owners insisted on keeping the rights to Stax recordings and it was soon apparent in 1969 that Atlantic/Atco president Ahmet Ertegün viewed Warner/Reprise president Mike Maitland as godlike. Maitland believed that, as vice-president in charge of the Warner Bros, in retrospect Ertegün clearly feared that Maitland would ultimately have more power than him and so he moved rapidly to secure his own position and remove Maitland. Following the takeover, Warners music group briefly adopted the umbrella name Kinney Music, erteguns campaign against Maitland began in earnest that summer. Atlantic had agreed to help Warner Bros. in its efforts to establish its labels overseas, Mike Maitland complained bitterly to Kinney executive Ted Ashley, but to no avail – by this time Ertegun was poised to make his move against Maitland. As he had with Hyman, Ertegun urged Steve Ross to extend Mo Ostin and Joe Smiths contracts, in response, Ertegun broadly hinted that Maitlands days were numbered and that he, Ertegun, was about to take over the recording division. Unlike the Warner/Reprise executives, Atlantics execs the Ertegun brothers and Wexler owned stock in Kinney, on Sunday January 25, Ted Ashley went to Maitlands house to tell him he had been dismissed, and Maitland declined the offer of a job at the movie studio. One week later, Mo Ostin was named as the new President of Warner Bros, Records, with Joe Smith as his Executive Vice-President
28.
Trevor Horn
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Trevor Charles Horn, CBE is an English music record producer, songwriter, musician and singer. His influence on 1980s popular music was such that he has been called The Man Who Invented the Eighties, Horn has produced commercially successful songs and albums for numerous British and international artists. He won a Grammy Award for producing Kiss from a Rose by Seal, as a musician, he has had chart success with the bands The Buggles, Yes and Art of Noise. He also owns a significant stake in the recording company ZTT Records, Sarm Studios, the three are combined under the corporate umbrella of SPZ. In 2010 he received the British Academys Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music, Trevor Horn was born in Durham and grew up in Houghton-le-Spring, England. His parents, John and Elizabeth, were from Hetton-le-Hole, which is near Sunderland and his father worked as an engineer, with technology related to milk production as his speciality. Trevor has two sisters, Janet and Marjorie, and a brother, TV producer Ken Horn, both sisters eventually emigrated to Canada. His first group, when he was 14, was called The Outer Limits, Horn moved with his family to Leicester, where Horn began working as a professional musician performing in the local ballrooms while building a home studio. He later became a director and record producer, starting out producing jingles. Horn began his career as a session musician in the late 1970s, including playing on the television show. Most notably, he played for disco star Tina Charles and her producer Biddu, another member of her backing band was keyboard player Geoffrey Downes. In 1978, Horn and Downes formed The Buggles, in which Horn played bass, guitar and percussion as well as providing vocals, just before The Buggles, however, Horn signed with Sonet Records and recorded two singles under the moniker of The Big A. One single, Caribbean Air Control, was released in the United Kingdom, a few months later, the song was remixed into a disco track under the name of Chromium with no vocals and a synthesised and percussion backbeat. This also failed to chart, but did well in the clubs, especially in the US. In 1979, an album was released entitled Star to Star. The song also appeared on the groups first album, The Age of Plastic, later that year, Horn and Downes were invited to join the rock group Yes. Horn became the lead vocalist, replacing Jon Anderson and he recorded one album with Yes, Drama, on which he also played bass on one track. At the beginning of 1981, after seven months, he left Yes to concentrate on production work
29.
Not Enough Love in the World
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Not Enough Love in the World is a song written by Don Henley, Danny Kortchmar, and Benmont Tench. The song is a rock song. The lyrics describe a relationship, where the protagonist proclaims hes still in love. It is rumoured that this song was about Henleys relationship with Stevie Nicks, whom fellow Eagles member Joe Walsh later dated in 1985, Henley included the song on his 1984 album Building the Perfect Beast. It was released as a single in 1985 and became a top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, the music video for the song was directed by Timothy Hutton. In 1996, Cher released her version of Not Enough Love in the World as the third official European single from her 21st studio album Its a Mans World, the single version is shorter than the album version and is slightly remixed. Allmusic highlighted this cover on her album
30.
Paradise Is Here
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Paradise Is Here is a song written by Paul Brady and available on his 1987 album Primitive Dance. The song was recorded by Tina Turner, for her album Break Every Rule. Tina Turners recording of the track was produced by Mark Knopfler of the Dire Straits and it was released as a single in Europe and found minor success in the UK. Instead of a remix, the 12 single featured a live version from Turners 1986/1987 Break Every Rule Tour on which the track was one of the encores. An alternate and edited version was later included as the closing track on her 1988 album Tina Live in Europe. The official music video for the song was directed by Andy Morahan. Main version –5,357 edit –5,0012 live version –7,25 Paradise Is Here was the second North American single by American singer-actress Cher from her studio album and it was released on December 3,1996 by Reprise Records. The song did not crack the US Hot 100, but became a top 20 US club hit, Cher performed the song on The RuPaul Show in 1997. These are the formats and track listings of all releases of Paradise Is Here. US CD maxi-single Paradise Is Here Paradise Is Here Paradise Is Here Paradise Is Here Paradise Is Here Paradise Is Here Paradise Is Here Paradise Is Here US12 vinyl promo A1, Paradise Is Here US12 vinyl promo A1. Paradise Is Here US12 vinyl promo white label Same track listing as the US12 vinyl promo
31.
The X-Files
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The X-Files is an American science fiction drama television series created by Chris Carter, which originally aired from September 10,1993 to May 19,2002 on Fox. The program spanned nine seasons, included 202 episodes, and a film of the same name. Later in 2008, a film was made and preceded a tenth season revival. The series revolves around FBI special agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully who investigate X-Files, early in the series, both agents become pawns in a larger conflict and come to trust only each other and a very few select people. The agents also discover an agenda of the government to keep the existence of life a secret. They develop a relationship which begins as a platonic friendship. In addition to the story arc, Monster-of-the-Week episodes form roughly two-thirds of all episodes. When creating the characters, Carter sought to reverse gender stereotypes by making Mulder a believer. The first seven seasons featured Duchovny and Anderson equally, in the last two seasons, Anderson took precedence while Duchovny appeared intermittently. New main characters were introduced, FBI agents John Doggett and Monica Reyes, Mulder and Scullys boss, Assistant Director Walter Skinner, also became a main character. The first five seasons of The X-Files were filmed and produced in Vancouver, British Columbia, the series later returned to Vancouver to film The X-Files, I Want to Believe as well as the tenth season of the series. The X-Files was a hit for the Fox network and received positive reviews. Initially considered a series, it turned into a pop culture touchstone that tapped into public mistrust of governments and large institutions and embraced conspiracy theories. Both the series itself and lead actors Duchovny and Anderson received multiple awards and nominations, the series also spawned a franchise which includes The Lone Gunmen spin-off, two theatrical films and accompanying merchandise. The revival premiered on January 24,2016, the X-Files follows the careers and personal lives of FBI Special Agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully. Mulder is a profiler and strong believer in the supernatural. He is also adamant about the existence of intelligent extraterrestrial life and this set of beliefs earns him the nickname Spooky Mulder and an assignment to a little-known department that deals with unsolved cases, known as the X-Files. His belief in the springs from the claimed abduction of his sister Samantha Mulder by extraterrestrials when Mulder was 12
32.
The Post-Modern Prometheus
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The Post-Modern Prometheus is the fifth episode of the fifth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files and originally aired on the Fox network on November 30,1997. Written and directed by series creator Chris Carter, The Post-Modern Prometheus is a Monster-of-the-Week episode, the Post-Modern Prometheus earned a Nielsen household rating of 11.5, being watched by 18.68 million viewers upon its initial broadcast. The episode was nominated for seven awards at the 1998 Emmys, the entry generally received positive reviews, some reviewers called it a classic, with others calling it the most striking stand-alone episode of the shows fifth season. The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully who work on cases linked to the paranormal, Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully was initially assigned to debunk his work. In this episode, Mulder and Scully investigate reports of a creature that has impregnated a middle-aged woman. They find that the monster, nicknamed The Great Mutato, is the creation of a Frankenstein-like doctor. The Great Mutato is at first ostracized, but later accepted, Carters story draws heavily on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and particularly on James Whales 1931 film version of the story. The script had been specifically with singer Cher and actress Roseanne Barr in mind. Talk-show host Jerry Springer appeared as himself, and Chris Owens—who appeared in episodes as FBI agent Jeffrey Spender—played The Great Mutato. The episode was filmed in black-and-white, with a sky backdrop created to imitate the style of old Frankenstein films, Owens wore makeup and prosthetics that took several hours to apply. Now, following an unexplained attack, she is pregnant again. She has heard about Mulders expertise in the paranormal from The Jerry Springer Show, Mulder and his partner, special agent Dana Scully, travel to rural Albion, Indiana. They meet Shaineh and her son Izzy and learn that the description of the creature that attacked her, with a lumpy head and his monstrous creation, called The Great Mutato, is inspired by a mysterious creature that has been seen by many of the locals. Izzy and his friends take the agents to an area where they see Mutato from a distance. They meet an old man who tells them that there are no monsters and sends them to see his son. Dr. Pollidori shows them his experiments studying the Hox gene using the fruit fly Drosophila and this presentation includes images of a fly with legs growing out of its mouth. He tells the agents that the kind of experiment could, in theory. Afterward, Mulder tells Scully that he believes that Dr. Pollidori, later, Dr. Pollidoris wife Elizabeth is knocked unconscious and is attacked in the same manner as Shaineh
