1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Waylon Jennings
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Waylon Arnold Jennings was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. Jennings began playing guitar at eight and began performing at 14 on KVOW radio and his first band was The Texas Longhorns. Jennings worked as a DJ on KVOW, KDAV, KYTI, in 1958, Buddy Holly arranged Jenningss first recording session, of Jole Blon and When Sin Stops. Holly hired him to play bass, in Clear Lake, Iowa, Jennings gave up his seat on the ill-fated flight that crashed and killed Holly, J. P. Richardson, Ritchie Valens, and pilot Roger Peterson. Jennings then worked as a DJ in Coolidge, Arizona, and he formed a rockabilly club band, The Waylors. He recorded for independent label Trend Records and A&M Records before succeeding with RCA Victor after achieving creative control, during the 1970s, Jennings joined the Outlaw Country movement. He released critically acclaimed albums Lonesome, Onry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes followed by hit albums Dreaming My Dreams as well as Are You Ready for the Country, in 1976, he released the album Wanted. The Outlaws with Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser, and Jessi Colter and that success was followed by Ol Waylon and the hit song Luckenbach, Texas. Jennings was featured in the 1978 album White Mansions performed by various artists documenting the lives of people in the Confederacy during the Civil War. The songs on the album were written by Paul Kennerley, by the early 1980s, Jennings was struggling with a cocaine addiction, which he quit in 1984. Later, he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen with Nelson, Kris Kristofferson, and Johnny Cash, during that period, Jennings released the successful album Will the Wolf Survive. He toured less after 1997 to spend time with his family. Between 1999 and 2001, his appearances were limited by health problems, on February 13,2002, Jennings died from complications of diabetes. Jennings also appeared in films and television series and he was the balladeer for The Dukes of Hazzard, composing and singing the shows theme song and providing narration for the show. In 2001, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame, in 2007, he was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music. Waylon Arnold Jennings was born on June 15,1937, on the G. W and he was the son of Lorene Beatrice and William Albert Jennings. The Jennings family line descended from Irish and Black-Dutch, meanwhile, the Shipley family moved from Tennessee and settled in Texas. The Shipley line descended from Cherokee and Comanche families, the name on his birth certificate was Wayland, meaning land by the highway
3.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
4.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
Singer of Sad Songs
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Singer of Sad Songs is a 1970 album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Records. Unlike most other RCA country albums, Sing of Sad Songs was recorded at their Music Center of the World studios in Hollywood with Lee Hazlewood producing, only the title track was recorded in Nashville with producer Danny Davis. As a result, RCA Victor was unwilling to promote the album, no matter how many records you sold, all their promotion went to the big pop acts signed to both coasts. You had to fight and scratch for any attention at all from the record company, the performances here are suave but not smooth, moving but far from melodramatic. Waylons new wife Jessi Colter is featured on the album cover
7.
Cedartown, Georgia (album)
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Cedartown, Georgia is a 1971 album by Waylon Jennings. Jennings second release of 1971 finds the singer moving further away from the Nashville Sound that had dominated his early albums at RCA. In his autobiography Jennings wrote, They always needed a marketing plan. Music is just music and it makes their job a lot easier. I wanted to cut my records a different way, I wanted to build the song in the studio. I wanted the dynamics to happen out there with the band, the album peaked at #27 on the Billboard country albums chart, his fourth LP in a row that failed to crack the Top 10. At the time of its release, however, the LP got a rave from Rolling Stone. Its all Dynamite stuff. Word is that if Waylon Jennings isnt already a country superstar, cedartown, Georgia feels just like what it is, a decent collection of songs and inspired performances marred by production nonsense. Indeed, a listen to the album and it becomes difficult to see why Davis worked with Jennings at all
8.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
9.
Top Five
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Top Five is a 2014 American comedy film written and directed by Chris Rock. The film, which stars Rock, Rosario Dawson, and Gabrielle Union, was screened in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. The movie follows New York City comedian and film star Andre Allen, the film was released on December 12,2014, by Paramount Pictures. New York Times reporter Chelsea Brown is spending a day interviewing comedian and recovering alcoholic Andre Allen, star of the hit film franchise Hammy The Bear, Chelsea has forgotten her audio recorder, so they first go to her apartment. While there they discuss an article about the Cinderella complex. Chelsea explains that Cinderella left something behind to let the prince know that she wanted to see him again. As the interview begins in his limousine, Andre recalls his lowest point, when he was in Houston in 2003 and met Jazzy Dee, yet after Jazzy refused to pay the women, they contended they were raped, leading to Andres arrest. After the limo gets hit by a cab, Andre and Chelsea wander the city, Andre stops at a jewelry store to pick up the rings for his wedding to reality-TV star Erica Long. They visit the apartment of Andres old friends and his ex-girlfriend, Chelsea interviews each, learning that Andre wasnt particularly funny when he started in stand-up comedy. They nominate their five favorite rappers, including a sixth in their lineups as well, Andre goes to radio shows such as Opie and Anthony to promote Uprize and attends a press conference with fellow stars including Taraji P. Henson and Gabourey Sidibe. To his chagrin, Andre is asked when there will be another Hammy movie, at a hotel, Andre and Chelsea unexpectedly encounter her boyfriend, Brad, along with his friend Ryan, who is wearing Brads shirt. Chelsea deduces Brad is cheating on her with Ryan and she and Andre, both recovering alcoholics, stop in a liquor store but resist making a purchase. Chelsea explains in detail how the signs were there that Brad was gay. She becomes angry and insults his movie, but the two end up kissing, Andre asks to borrow Chelseas phone, since his own died. While using it, he sees an email from her editor, the truth devastates Andre, who angrily tells Chelsea he felt he was never funny unless he was drunk or high, and now is fearful for his career. Despondent and acting out at a supermarket, he is arrested by police, in jail, Andre calls Erica, who fumes over the arrest, mainly because of how it will look for her image. She tells Andre this piece of fame is all she has since she thinks she has no other talent, ericas manager Benny takes the phone and tells Andre to go to his bachelor party for good press and fly out for the wedding. Andres bodyguard Silk bails out Andre, and they go to a club for a bachelor party with a theme based on Hammy The Bear
10.
Kris Kristofferson
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Kristoffer Kris Kristofferson is an American singer, songwriter, musician and actor. He wrote and recorded the songs Me and Bobby McGee, For the Good Times, Sunday Mornin Comin Down, Kristofferson composed his own songs and collaborated with Nashville songwriters such as Shel Silverstein. In 1985, Kristofferson joined fellow country artists Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, in 2004, Kristofferson was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. He is also known for his roles in Alice Doesnt Live Here Anymore and A Star Is Born. Kristoffer Kristofferson was born in Brownsville, Texas, to Mary Ann and Lars Henry Kristofferson and his paternal grandparents emigrated from Sweden, while his mother had English, Scottish-Irish, German, Swiss-German and Dutch ancestry. Kristoffersons paternal grandfather was an officer in the Swedish Army, when Kristofferson was a child, his father pushed him towards a military career. At the age of 17, Kristofferson took a job with a dredging contractor on Wake Island. He called it the hardest job I ever had, like most military brats, Kristofferson moved around frequently as a youth, finally settling down in San Mateo, California, where he graduated from San Mateo High School. An aspiring writer, Kristofferson enrolled in Pomona College in 1954 and he experienced his first dose of fame when he appeared in Sports Illustrateds Faces in the Crowd for his achievements in collegiate rugby union, football, and track and field. He and his classmates revived the Claremont Colleges Rugby Club in 1958, Kristofferson became a member of Delta Kappa fraternity at Pomona College, graduating in 1958 with a Bachelor of Arts degree, summa cum laude, in literature. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa his junior year, in a 2004 interview with Pomona College Magazine, Kristofferson mentioned philosophy professor Frederick Sontag as an important influence in his life. Kristofferson earned a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University, where he studied at Merton College, while at Oxford, he was awarded his Blue for boxing, played rugby for his college, and began writing songs. At Oxford, he was acquainted with fellow Rhodes scholar, art critic. With the help of his manager, Larry Parnes, Kristofferson recorded for Top Rank Records under the name Kris Carson and this early phase of his music career was unsuccessful. In 1960, Kristofferson graduated with a B. Phil in English literature, the following year he married his long-time girlfriend, Frances Mavia Beer. Kristofferson, under pressure from his family, ultimately joined the U. S. Army and he became a helicopter pilot after receiving flight training at Fort Rucker, Alabama. During the early 1960s, he was stationed in West Germany as a member of the 8th Infantry Division, during this time, he resumed his music career and formed a band. In 1965, when his tour of duty ended, Kristofferson was given an assignment to teach English literature at West Point, instead, he decided to leave the Army and pursue songwriting
11.
Shel Silverstein
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Sheldon Allan Shel Silverstein was an American poet, singer-songwriter, cartoonist, screenwriter, and author of childrens books. He styled himself as Uncle Shelby in some works, translated into more than 30 languages, his books have sold over 20 million copies. He was the recipient of two Grammy Awards, as well as a Golden Globe and Academy Award nominee. Born into a Jewish family, Silverstein grew up in the Logan Square neighborhood of Chicago, attended Roosevelt High School and, later and he then enrolled in Chicago Academy of Fine Arts where he was attending when he was drafted into the United States Army. He served in Japan and Korea and he had one daughter, Shoshanna Jordan Hastings, born June 30,1970, with Susan Taylor Hastings of Sausalito, California. Susan died on June 29,1975, one day before Shoshannas fifth birthday, and Shoshanna died April 24,1982, at age 11, of a cerebral aneurysm. He also had a son named Matthew, born November 10,1984, with Sarah Spencer of Key West, Florida, Sarah drove the conch train, on May 10,1999, Silverstein died at age 68 of a heart attack in Key West, Florida. He is buried in Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois, Silverstein began drawing at age seven by tracing the works of Al Capp. He told Publishers Weekly, When I was a kid—12 to 14, Id much rather have been a baseball player or a hit with the girls. Luckily, the didnt want me. Not much I could do about that, so I started to draw and to write. I was also lucky that I didnt have anybody to copy, I had developed my own style, I was creating before I knew there was a Thurber, a Benchley, a Price and a Steinberg. I never saw their work til I was around 30, by the time I got to where I was attracting girls, I was already into work, and it was more important to me. Not that I wouldnt rather make love, but the work has become a habit and he was first published in the Roosevelt Torch, a student newspaper at Roosevelt University, where he studied English after leaving the Art Institute. During his time in the military, his cartoons were published in Pacific Stars and Stripes and his first book, Take Ten, a compilation of his military Take Ten cartoon series, was published by Pacific Stars and Stripes in 1955. He later said his time in college was a waste and would have been spent traveling around the world meeting people. After returning to Chicago, Silverstein began submitting cartoons to magazines while also selling hot dogs at Chicago ballparks and his cartoons began appearing in Look, Sports Illustrated and This Week. Mass-market paperback readers across America were introduced to Silverstein in 1956 when Take Ten was reprinted by Ballantine Books as Grab Your Socks, the edition included a foreword by Bill Mauldin
12.
Mickey Newbury
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Milton Sims Mickey Newbury, Jr. was an American songwriter, a critically acclaimed recording artist, and a member of the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. Newbury was born in Houston, Texas, on May 19,1940, to Mamie Ellen, as a teenager, Newbury sang tenor in a moderately successful vocal group called The Embers. The group opened for famous performers, such as Sam Cooke. Although Newbury tried to make a living from his music by singing in clubs, after four years in the military, he again set his sights on making a living as a songwriter. Before long, he moved to Nashville and signed with the publishing company Acuff-Rose Music. In 1966, country star Don Gibson had a Top Ten country hit with Newburys Funny Familiar Forgotten Feelings while Tom Jones scored a hit with the same song. This feat has not been repeated, based on his phenomenal success as a writer, Newbury scored a solo deal with RCA and recorded Harlequin Melodies. Sonically, the album is different from anything else Newbury would record. The artist largely disowned the album, considering its successor Looks Like Rain his true debut, some of the songs on Harlequin Melodies would be re-recorded by Newbury for later albums, with very marked differences. Just about every aspect of his recording, Looks Like Rain, was unconventional by Nashvilles standards at the time. Cinderella Sound was located in a area of Madison and was run by guitarist Wayne Moss. Newbury would record three albums at Cinderella Sound that defied categorization, one significant aspect of their production is the inclusion sound effects to link the songs, which gave the LPs a conceptual feel and would become a Newbury trademark. His next album, Frisco Mable Joy, includes his most famous song, An American Trilogy, according to Joe Ziemers Newbury memoir Crystal & Stone, Newbury was moved to perform the song—which had been banned in some southern states—as a protest against censorship. It is the song most associated with Newbury and his original recording, reaching #26 in 1972. Newburys version would remain in the Top 40 for seven weeks, in 1972, Elvis Presleys version reached #66 and peaked at #31 on the Easy Listening chart, but it became the grandiose highlight of his live shows. The song gained exposure when Presley performed it during his Aloha From Hawaii television special in January 1973. However, his albums did not sell much, in part because of their eclecticism and Newburys growing disdain for the music business, the Outlaws a year later, which would be recognized as country musics first platinum album. Jennings and Nelson, along with a coterie of other like-minded outlaws, were heralded by many as visionaries for their independent spirit and reaped the rewards of record-breaking sales
13.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
14.
Ricky Nelson
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Eric Hilliard Ricky Rick Nelson was an American actor, musician, and singer-songwriter. He recorded 19 additional Top 10 hits and was inducted into the Rock, in 1996, he was ranked #49 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. Nelson began his entertainment career in 1949 playing himself in the sitcom series The Adventures of Ozzie. In 1952, he appeared in his first feature film, Here Come the Nelsons, in 1957, he recorded his first single, debuted as a singer on the television version of the sitcom, and released the #1 album entitled Ricky. In 1958, Nelson released his first #1 single, Poor Little Fool, a few films followed, and when the television series was cancelled in 1966, Nelson made occasional appearances as a guest star on various television programs. Nelson and Sharon Kristin Harmon were married on April 20,1963 and they had four children, Tracy Kristine, twin sons Gunnar Eric and Matthew Gray, and Sam Hilliard. Nelson was born on May 8,1940, in Teaneck and he was the second son of entertainment couple Harriet Hilliard Nelson and Ozzie Nelson. His father Ozzie was half Swedish, the Nelsons older son was actor David Nelson. Harriet, normally the vocalist for Ozzies band, remained in Englewood, New Jersey, with her newborn, meanwhile, bandleader Ozzie toured with the Nelson orchestra. In November 1941, the Nelsons bought what would become their permanent home, Ricky joined his parents and brother in Los Angeles in 1942. Ricky was a small and insecure child who suffered severe asthma. At night, his sleep was eased with a vaporizer emitting tincture of evergreen and he was described by Red Skeltons producer John Guedel as an odd little kid, likable, shy, introspective, mysterious, and inscrutable. When Skelton was drafted in 1944, Guedel crafted the radio sitcom The Adventures of Ozzie, the show debuted on Sunday, October 8,1944, to favorable reviews. Ozzie eventually became head writer for the show and based episodes on the fraternal exploits, in 1952, the Nelsons tested the waters for a television series with the theatrically released film Here Come the Nelsons. The film was a hit, and Ozzie was convinced the family could make the transition from radios airwaves to televisions small screen. Nelson attended Gardner Street Public School, Bancroft Junior High, and and he played football at Hollywood High and represented the school in interscholastic tennis matches. Twenty-five years later, Nelson told the Los Angeles Weekly he hated school because it smelled of pencils, Ozzie Nelson was a Rutgers alumnus and keen on college education, but eighteen-year-old Ricky was already in the 93 percent income-tax bracket and saw no reason to attend. At age thirteen, Ricky was making over $100,000 per annum, Nelsons wealth was astutely managed by his parents, who channeled his earnings into trust funds
15.
Danny Davis (country musician)
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Danny Davis was a country music band leader, trumpet player, vocalist and producer, best known as the founder and leader of the Nashville Brass. Danny Davis was born as George Nowlan into a large Irish-Catholic family in Dorchester, when he became a professional musician, he changed his name to Danny Davis because MGM executive Harry Meseron told him that he looked like a Danny. He took the last name Davis because it was a name in the South. Daviss father died when he was five years old and his mother supported the family by giving music lessons in the family home. Davis began playing trumpet at an early age under the guidance of a man named Joseph Donovan. By age 14 he was trumpet soloist with the Massachusetts All-State Symphony Orchestra and was granted admittance to the prestigious New England Conservatory of Music. He decided to leave the conservatory after only six weeks when he was offered a job as a trumpeter with the band of legendary drummer, Gene Krupa. In Martins band, in addition to his duties on trumpet, Davis sang as one of the Martin Men and roomed on the road with the male vocalist. During the early 50s Davis found some success as a vocalist releasing several singles including Object of My Affection. The late 1950s was a period in Davis career. He found himself in New York City working as a producer for the MGM label and he also made an important contact in Nashville with Fred Rose. Davis cut pop demos of songs for Rose. His demo of Cold, Cold Heart led to the pop recording by Tony Bennett, in the early Sixties, Davis assembled a session group called Danny Davis & the Titans around guitarist Billy Mure. In 1961 the group released an album entitled, Todays Teen Beat. A few months later, the group followed it up with a designed to capitalize on the Twist craze, with another instrumental album entitled. While at MGM Davis was assigned to one of the labels most successful artists. This collaboration lead to several number 1 hits for Francis, in the early 1960s Davis began taking Francis to Nashville where he recorded pop versions of country songs with her. It was during this time that his idea to record songs with brass instruments was born
16.
Don Gibson
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Donald Eugene Don Gibson was an American songwriter and country musician. A Country Music Hall of Fame inductee, Gibson wrote such country standards as Sweet Dreams and I Cant Stop Loving You, Don Gibson was born in Shelby, North Carolina, into a poor working-class family, and he dropped out of school in the second grade. His first band was called Sons of the Soil, with whom he made his first recording in 1948, in 1957, he journeyed to Nashville to work with producer Chet Atkins and record Oh Lonesome Me and I Cant Stop Loving You for RCA Victor. The afternoon session resulted in a hit on both the country and pop charts. Oh Lonesome Me set the pattern for a series of other RCA hits. Blue Blue Day, recorded prior to Oh, Lonesome Me was a number 1 hit in 1958, later singles included Look Whos Blue, Dont Tell Me Your Troubles, Sea of Heartbreak, Lonesome No. 1, I Can Mend Your Broken Heart, and Woman, west and Gibson released an album together in 1969, titled Dottie and Don. He also recorded duets with Sue Thompson among these being the Top 40 hits, I Think They Call It Love, Good Old Fashioned Country Love and Oh. A talented songwriter, Gibson was nicknamed The Sad Poet because he wrote songs that told of loneliness. His song I Cant Stop Loving You, has been recorded by over 700 artists and he also wrote and recorded Sweet Dreams, a song that would become a major 1963 crossover hit for Patsy Cline. Roy Orbison was a fan of Gibsons songwriting, and in 1967. Gibsons wide appeal was also shown in Neil Youngs recorded version of Oh Lonesome Me on his 1970 album After the Gold Rush, Gibson was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1973. In 2001 he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame, following his death from natural causes on November 17,2003, he was buried in the Sunset Cemetery in his hometown of Shelby, North Carolina. Located in Cleveland County, North Carolina, the Don Gibson Theater opened on November 2009 in historic uptown Shelby, the theater showcases a busy schedule of premier musical performances. Past performers have included Marty Stuart, Pam Tillis, Tom Paxton, Ralph Stanley, Vince Gill, Ricky Skaggs, John Oates, for more information, http, //dgshelby. com/ Wolfe, Stacey. In The Encyclopedia of Country Music
17.
Eugene Myers
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Eugene Wimberly Gene Myers, Jr. is an American computer scientist and bioinformatician, who is best known for contributing to the early development of the NCBIs BLAST tool for sequence analysis. Myers received his Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the California Institute of Technology and his 1990 paper describing BLAST has received over 62, 000+ citations making it amongst the most highly cited papers ever. Along with Udi Manber, Myers invented the suffix array data structure, Myers was a member of the faculty of the University of Arizona, the Vice President of Informatics Research at Celera Genomics, and a member of the faculty at UC Berkeley. At Celera Genomics, Myers was involved in the sequencing of the genome, as well as the genomes of Drosophila. In particular, Myers advocated the use of the whole genome shotgun sequencing technique, later, he became group leader at the Janelia Farm Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2012, Myers moved to Dresden to become one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and he will lead a new center for systems biology. His current research interests include computational reconstructions of neuroanatomical data, algorithms for analysis of functional neuroscience data, Gene was voted the most influential in bioinformatics in 2001 by Genome Technology Magazine and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2003. In 2004, together with Martin Vingron, Myers was awarded the Max Planck Research Prize for international cooperation in bioinformatics and he was awarded the ISCB Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award for outstanding contribution to bioinformatics, in particular his work on sequence comparison algorithms. International Max Planck Research Prize Association for Computing Machinerys Paris Kanellakis Award Member of the National Academy of Engineering, ISCB Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award
18.
Waylon at JD's
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Waylon at JDs is the debut album by Waylon Jennings. Though listed in sources as a live recording, it is in fact a studio album. 2000s The Restless Kid, Live At JDs is a genuine JDs era live recording, in 1961, Jennings and his band began playing a club called J. D. s in Phoenix, Arizona, owned by J. D. Musil. Jennings eclectic repertoire, which included country, rock and roll and its a thing called payin your dues, the singer explained in the authorized video biography Renegade Outlaw Legend, but while youre payin your dues youre learnin your craft, youre learnin your trade. Youre learnin what youre gonna do, released to capitalize on Jennings popularity, Waylon At JDs was sold only at Musils nightclub, and it sold out quickly so a new batch of albums was pressed. Early in his run at the club, Jennings hired his long-time drummer Richie Albright, in 1969, Decca Records purchased the rights to the album from Musil, and reissued the album in an abridged form as Waylon Jennings on its Vocalion label. The songs from this album have been issued countless times on low-budget, to date, there are only three truly authorized reissues of the JDs album, 1995s Clovis To Phoenix, 1999s The Journey, Destinys Child and 2002s Phase One, The Early Years 1959-1964
19.
Folk-Country
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Folk-Country is the major-label debut album by Waylon Jennings, released in 1966 on RCA Victor. It is his first collaboration with producer Chet Atkins, in March 1965, the singer made his first recordings for RCA in what would be a moderately successful but increasingly frustrated artistic partnership. In the authorized Jennings documentary Renegade Outlaw Legend, Jennings recalled that at the time he was in awe of the legendary Atkins, when you walked in there, the most important thing in your life is to impress him. The album contains four songs written or co-written by Jennings as well as four songs composed by country tunesmith Harlan Howard. In an uncharacteristic move, Atkins allowed Jennings to use members of his band the Waylors on the recording, something that would rarely be permitted again, much to Waylons annoyance. The album did contain one Jennings classic, the catchy, up-tempo Stop the World, folk-Country peaked at #9 on the Billboard country album chart. The single Stop the World is indicative of the kind of countrypolitan fare Atkins was developing at the label. And while this is only 1966, the listener can hear Jennings stretching the song to its limits - at least the limits imposed by a country single
20.
Leavin' Town
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Leavin Town is Waylon Jennings second album for RCA Victor, released in 1966. It peaked at #3 on the Billboard country albums chart, much like his debut album, Leavin Town features a more tempered vocal approach from Jennings and the countrypolitan production that was typical at RCA at the time. In the authorized Jennings video biography Renegade Outlaw Legend, producer Chet Atkins recalled, I never thought, Lets make a pop record or Lets make a folk record. I didnt think too much in that direction, the LP contains three songs composed by Jennings as well as contributions from Bobby Bare, Mel Tillis, Harlan Howard, and Gordon Lightfoot. The LPs most successful single would be the Lightfoot composition For Lovin Me, stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic writes that Leavin Town showcases Jennings developing a distinctive blend of country and folk
21.
Nashville Rebel
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Nashville Rebel is Waylon Jennings third album for RCA Victor. It reached #4 on the Billboard country albums chart, after recording two albums for RCA, Jennings was cast in the Jay Sheridan film Nashville Rebel. In the authorized video documentary Renegade Outlaw Legend, Jennings recalled, I went and auditioned for that, but I was the one they wanted. I dont know how in the world I did it cause I was out of it most of the time. The album includes a cover of The Beatles Norwegian Wood from Rubber Soul and it also features several songs written by Harlan Howard, and Jennings would record a full album of Howards songs on his next LP. The Howard-written Green River was released as a single and peaked at #11 on the charts, when the album was released, it was billed as Electronic Stereo although all of the songs on side one are indeed true stereo. Norwegian Wood wasnt issued in stereo until 1999 but the five movie instrumental tracks have never been issued in true stereo anywhere. Tom Jurek of AllMusic writes, While the title of the album may be prophetic in terms of the changes in Waylon Jennings career around 1971. While Jennings brought seven of the 12 songs to these sessions, and starred in the film, shooter Jennings performed, in portrayal of his father, Im a Long Way from Home for the soundtrack to the Johnny Cash biopic Walk the Line in 2005
22.
Waylon Sings Ol' Harlan
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Waylon Sings Ol Harlan is a 1967 album by Waylon Jennings on RCA Victor. It consists completely of songs by Harlan Howard, Jennings had a great affection for Howards songs, and most of his 60s albums contain at least one song by Howard. It was not as successful as Jennings previous releases, peaking at #32 on the Billboard country albums chart, all songs by Harlan Howard, except where noted
23.
Love of the Common People (album)
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Love of the Common People is a 1967 album by Waylon Jennings on RCA Victor, and a track on the album of the same name. The lyrics were especially meaningful, for a country boy who had worked his way up from a dream you could cling to to a spot in the working world of country music. Jennings had also recorded The Beatles Norwegian Wood on his previous LP Nashville Rebel, the reissue of the album features two bonus tracks, including the Harlan Howard song The Chokin Kind, which rose to #8 for Jennings in 1968. Love of the Common People reached #3 on the Billboard country albums chart and it may not be a perfect album, but there are enough remarkable moments to make it nearly essential
24.
The One and Only (Waylon Jennings album)
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The One and Only is a 1967 album by Waylon Jennings on RCA Camden. It peaked at #19 on the Billboard country albums chart, johns Back in Town is a comic response to Johnny Cashs The Singing Stars Queen from Everybody Loves a Nut, with an identical general concept. In 1976, Pickwick reissued this album as The Dark Side of Fame, without Its All Over Now, the album also includes the popular Roy Orbison hit Dream Baby. Matt Fink of AllMusic, Though theres nothing here in particular to get excited about, theres enough to keep the casual fan interested
25.
Hangin' On
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Hangin On is a 1968 album by Waylon Jennings on RCA Victor. Hangin On is most notable for the hit single The Chokin Kind and it was written by Harlan Howard, whose songs Jennings covered extensively in the 1960s. In the authorized video biography Renegade Outlaw Legend, Jennings recalls, I remember the first time Id heard that, it was a demo that he had done, just himself, and I flipped over that song. In the same documentary Howard added, My melody was pretty straight, there are no further musical credits, and no information about who thought up the wonderful parts of this album. Call it a brilliant collaboration of Jennings and Atkins at the dawn of a new era in country music
26.
Only the Greatest
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Only the Greatest is a 1968 album by Waylon Jennings on RCA Victor. It includes the single Only Daddy Thatll Walk the Line, which Jennings took to #2 on the music charts that year. Only the Greatest was Jennings eighth LP for RCA in four years, written by Jimmy Bryant, Only Daddy Thatll Walk the Line was released in July 1968 as the second single from Only the Greatest. Billboard, in a review of the album, said that it and Walk On Out of My Mind were typical of the robust, compelling vocal style that Jennings became known for. Nathan Brackett and Christian Hoard, in The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, the song spent eighteen weeks on the Hot Country Singles charts, peaking at #2 and holding that peak for five weeks. In Canada, the song reached Number One on the RPM Country Tracks charts for the week ending September 30,1968, Jennings would perform the song as part of a medley on The Johnny Cash Show. Jennings co-wrote two songs for the album but primarily relied on songwriters, including Harlan Howard, Bobby Bare, Jerry Chesnut, Billy Sherrill
27.
Just to Satisfy You (album)
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Just to Satisfy You is a 1969 album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor. Just to Satisfy You was Jennings tenth release on RCA with Chet Atkins producing, the album contains the Top 5 hit duet I Got You, which Jennings recorded with Anita Carter. The title track was written with Don Bowman in 1963, the same year, Jennings signed a recording contract with A&M records but his releases had little success, because the main releases of the label were folk music rather than country. However, the single Just To Satisfy You backed with Ian Tysons Four Strong Winds were radio hits in Phoenix, singer Bobby Bare, who liked Jennings style, covered both songs and recommended Jennings to Atkins, who signed him to RCA Victor in 1965. In a 1967 interview, Jennings remarked that the song was a pretty good example of the influence of his work with Buddy Holly and rockabilly music, despite that the song was included in Jennings performing repertoire, it was not released as a single in 1969. In the authorized documentary Renegade Outlaw Legend, Jennings recalls, We wrote Just to Satisfy You, but that song has really lived down through the ages, you might say. The song has been covered by Glen Campbell and Jennings and Willie Nelson would score a hit with the song as a duet in 1982, Just to Satisfy You peaked at #7 on the Billboard country albums chart. Jim Worbois of AllMusic writes, The title track on album is the strongest track here
28.
Good Hearted Woman
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Good Hearted Woman is an album by Waylon Jennings, released in 1972 on RCA Records. Jennings, who had been frustrated by the line production at RCA for years. Id say, What the fuck ya mean, its wrong, well, itll make the record skip, if we put that big drum beat on it. We have to smooth it out or well never get played on radio, and the best one was, Thats not country. I always hated labels, and they kept trying to one on me. Good Hearted Woman was produced by Ronnie Light, who was appointed by Chet Atkins to produce Waylon after Danny Davis left to work with his brass ensemble. I got more freedom with him as a producer, although I was still using musicians who didnt know what I was about, the albums most famous song is the title track, which has since become a country classic. Jennings went to talk to Nelson, who was in a middle of a poker game, while they kept playing, they expanded the lyrics as Nelsons wife Connie Koepke was writing them down. The extent of Nelsons contribution remains open to question, however, in the authorized Jennings video biography Renegade Outlaw Legend, Nelson admits, I think he had most of that song written. We were in a game and he said, Hey, Im writin a song. I think I gave him a line or two and wound up with half the song, and Waylon even suggested the line that Willie is supposed to have written. It was Waylons line and Willie said, Hey, I like that, so Willie wound up with half the song and half the publishing. I dont want to make Willie mad at me, but Waylon already had song written. It soared to #3 on the singles chart, followed by Sweet Dream Woman. Jennings also recorded the Nelson composition It Should Be Easier Now, Jennings also contributed Do No Good Woman to the album. The original liner notes were written by Willie Nelson and describe the first time Jennings and Nelson met in Phoenix, the album was reissued in 1978 by RCA with the same track listing, but different cover art. Nelsons back cover liner notes were not included, the album peaked at #7 on the Billboard country albums chart
29.
Ladies Love Outlaws (Waylon Jennings album)
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Ladies Love Outlaws is a country music album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Records in 1972. Together with Jennings previous album Good Hearted Woman, it marks his transition toward his Outlaw Country image, Ladies Love Outlaws coined the use of the term Outlaw to refer to the country music subgenre, which was developing at the time of its release. At this time, Jennings was suffering from hepatitis and was hospitalized, during his recovery, his drummer Richie Albright visited him and persuaded Jennings to try again. Meanwhile, his contract with RCA Records was nearing its end, Albright introduced Jennings to Neil Reshen, a New York lawyer who had experience handling bands and contract problems. Jennings engaged Reshen as his manager, who encouraged the singer to grow his hair, the title of the album originated from the song Ladies Love Outlaws, written by singer-songwriter Lee Clayton. Clayton proposed that Jennings record the track, and Jennings decided to use it for the title of his next RCA Records release. Jennings usual producer Chet Atkins was delegating the production of albums to other members so he could focus on his career as an artist so he assigned Danny Davis to produce the album. Atkins replaced Davis with producer Ronny Light, recording took place at RCA Victors Nashville studio through 1971-2, with the exception of Thanks, which was recorded in 1970. The albums liner notes were written by Los Angeles Times critic Robert Hilburn and he also said that the label published the unfinished album without asking him about his progress. While he was satisfied with the results of Frisco Depot and considered the song complete, Jennings said, I still cringe when I hear myself singing Never Been to Spain. It sounded like Id never even been to Cleveland, Ladies Love Outlaws and Jennings previous album Good Hearted Woman marked a change in Jennings appearance. The cover of Ladies Love Outlaws shows Jennings on a set in an Old West motif, dressed in black with a revolver strapped to his waist, looking at his five-year-old niece. Previously, Jennings kept his hair short and his face clean-shaven, after the release of Ladies Love Outlaws, he started to wear faded jeans and cowboy boots. In 2013, Ladies Love Outlaws was remastered and made available for download by Legacy Recordings, the album was released in September 1972and peaked at number eleven on Billboards Top Country Albums. The duet with his wife Jessi Colter, Under Your Spell Again, was released in 1971 as a single, critic Chet Flippo of Rolling Stone wrote a negative review of the album, calling it vague and unfinished. Jennings liked the review, upon reading it he called Flippo and said that RCA released the album before time without his consent, tudor described the albums style as a blurred boundary between country and rock and roll. Thom Jurek of Allmusic gave the album three-and-a-half stars and wrote that Jennings performances offered him in a deeply expressive terrain as a vocalist, Jurek also wrote that Jennings wrings emotion from songs rather than merely projecting them into a microphone
30.
Lonesome, On'ry and Mean
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Lonesome, Onry and Mean is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1973. It was, after Good Hearted Woman and Ladies Love Outlaws, famous photographer Mick Rock shot the albums cover. By the spring of 1972, Jennings was burned out, suffering from hepatitis that he contracted while playing an Indian reservation in New Mexico, he took stock of where he was at in his life and career and seriously considered retiring. If I went on the road I lost money, if I stayed home I lost more, as for record sales, I never got ahead of. the packaging fees, and the overseas split, and the studio costs. You couldnt figure who owed what or why. Around this time, Jennings was visited by his long-time drummer Richie Albright and it was Albright who arranged a meeting with Neil Reshen, a business manager at the rock magazine Creem who handled the careers of jazz legend Miles Davis and rock iconoclast Frank Zappa. In his memoir, Jennings wrote that the meeting between the two parties in Chet Atkins office hit a stalemate over $25,000 and nobody uttered a word for several minutes. Jennings, who needed to go to the bathroom, got up, on his way back from the bathroom Reshen met him in the hall. Youre a friggin genius, Reshen exclaimed, walking out like that, I had to take a piss, Jennings replied. Well, said Reshen, that was a $25,000 piss, as author Joe Nick Patoski observes in his book Willie Nelson, Reshen stayed in Bradleys face and in Chet Atkinss face. With the artistic freedom he had been pining for, Jennings began recording Lonesome, Onry and he recorded Gone to Denver, co-written by his friend Johnny Cash, in 1970. Its producer was, ironically, the one with whom Waylon was least compatible, Danny Davis, Denver later became the flipside of Waylons hit single You Can Have Her. With RCAs Ronny Light producing, he recorded Lay it Down with studio musicians and one Waylor, the third older cut was the Willie Nelson composition Pretend I Never Happened, which had also been produced by Light and reached #6 on the country singles chart. The songwriters that Jennings turned to for his new LP, such as progressive country tunesmiths like Nelson, Kris Kristofferson and Mickey Newbury and he also covered Danny OKeefes 1972 pop hit Good Time Charlies Got the Blues. The albums revelation, however, was the track, which unleashed a hard country sound that was unlike anything he had recorded before with RCA. Critical to this new sound was the Waylors, Waylons backing band. After a couple rounds of this I could see the hurt in the bands eyes. Well, theyd been with me through thick and thin, wed been hungry together, I told them. My band is here for the long run, Well, you dont bring your own clics to Nashville, they told me. I always wanted a live sound in the studio. I liked things that werent perfect. It was okay for microphones to leak into each other like they do on a stage performance, I wanted to feel some excitement
31.
Honky Tonk Heroes
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Honky Tonk Heroes is a country music album by Waylon Jennings, released in 1973 on RCA Victor. With the exception of We Had It All, all of the songs on the album were written or co-written by Billy Joe Shaver. The album is considered an important piece in the development of the subgenre in country music as it helped revive the honky tonk music of Nashville by injecting a rock. Jennings and manager Neil Reshen had renegotiated the contract with RCA Records in 1972. Nelson, who had signed with Atlantic, was becoming popular. Jennings music had evolved from his early recordings with the label. When Shaver got to Nashville he spent six months trying to speak with Jennings. Roger Captain Midnight Schutt, Shaver turned up at a RCA recording session Jennings was doing with producer Chet Atkins, and tried to confront the singer, Shaver refused the money and told Jennings that he was willing to fight him if he would not listen to his songs. In the 2003 documentary Beyond Nashville, Shaver recalls, Finally I caught him in Studio A of RCA. He came out of the booth and he had a couple of bikers - bikers hung around with him a lot, some pretty tough looking customers -. I said, I got these songs that you claimed you was gonna listen to, everything got quiet and them old boys started formin and Waylon stopped em. He said, Hoss, you dont know how close you come to gettin killed, I said, Well, Ive had enough. You done told me you was gonna do this, now Im full of songs and I want you to listen to em. Jennings brought Glaser back with him to RCA Victor Studios to co-produce Honky Tonk Heroes, tompall and I were best friends, Jennings reminisced in the audio version of his autobiography Waylon. We met at about the time he broke up with his brothers, the title cut was especially problematic, with Jennings and Shaver - both temperamental personalities - clashing over the arrangement. And Billy Joe had been sitting in the back and he come walking up, saying and that aint the way it goes. Pretty soon Waylon and Billy Joe are just hollering at one another, Billy Joe didnt understand the way we were putting it together. then we put it together and he said, Yeah. The album that resulted is what many call the outlaw movements first true record, almost all of the songs on Honky Tonk Heroes contain a defiant, restless longing for and celebration of the road and a rock and roll swagger that was entirely new in Nashville circles
32.
This Time (Waylon Jennings album)
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This Time is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1974, at the peak of the outlaw country movement. It was produced by Jennings and Willie Nelson, fed up with the aggravation, Jennings decided to record his next album at Tompall Glasers studio at 916 Nineteenth Avenue South, nicknamed Hillbilly Central, with Willie Nelson co-producing. Glaser, a Nashville veteran who had achieved fame with the Glaser Brothers, had co-produced Honky Tonk Heroes, according to Streissguth, the first song Jennings recorded at Glasers studio in October 1973 was J. J. Cales Louisiana Women with Kyle Lehning engineering, Lehning, who would achieve fame in the 1980s producing albums for Randy Travis, contributed Wurlitzer electric piano to the Cale song and the trumpet part to Heaven and Hell. You just cant believe how different everything sounded when he moved from RCA, the bottom was fat and big again. You could hear the drum, it wasnt a little tick in the back. Overall, This Time has a laid back feel than its defiant predecessor. Four of the songs on the LP were written by Nelson and included on his Phases and Stages concept album. Nelson also sang on Heaven and Hell and contributed guitar to the album, the title track became Jennings first chart-topping smash in June 1974. In the authorized video biography Renegade Outlaw Legend, the singer revealed, I wrote that five years before. I was going through some old tapes and happened to find it, Jennings added that he wanted to throw the song away but was persuaded not to by drummer Ritchie Albright. The album also marked the first time Jennings recorded a song written by Miriam Eddy, the ex-wife of producer Duane Eddy, playing up to his outlaw personae, Jennings recorded the aptly titled Slow Movin Outlaw and also included Texan songwriter Billy Joe Shavers Slow Rollin Low. This Time was reissued in 1999 with five bonus tracks featuring several songs sung by Buddy Holly. Produced by Rock and Roll Hall of Famer Duane Eddy, these tracks feature The Crickets, Hollys backing band, as musicians and this Time peaked at #4 on the Billboard country albums chart, his best showing there since 1967. Still, its a first-rate record - perhaps not a classic, but a subdued, understated album unlike anything in his catalog
33.
The Ramblin' Man
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The Ramblin Man is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1974. With a slightly more commercial sound than some of his recent records, The Ramblin Man remained true to Jennings outlaw country image, Jennings produced it himself, although Ray Pennington co-produced Oklahoma Sunshine and Im a Ramblin Man, the latter of which he also wrote. Pennington recorded Im a Ramblin Man in 1967 for Capitol Records, Jennings version would be his second #1 on the country chart and also appeared on Australian charts. Rainy Day Woman was released in December 1974 as the single from the album. Curiously, the Bob McDill ballad Amanda was not released as a single at this time, more than 4½ years later, new overdubs were added to the original track, the song was issued as a single and it became one of the biggest country hits of 1979. The album also includes a cover of the Allman Brothers Midnight Rider. The photo on the cover was shot at Muhlenbrinks. There are moments of reflection
34.
Dreaming My Dreams (Waylon Jennings album)
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Dreaming My Dreams is the twenty-second studio album by country music singer Waylon Jennings. The album was co-produced with Jack Clement and recorded at Glaser Sound Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, Jennings recorded the critically acclaimed Honky Tonk Heroes and the commercial success This Time. Jennings left the studios of RCA and moved his operation to the Glaser Sound Studio. Upon its release, the album received positive reviews from publications such as Rolling Stone. Dreaming My Dreams was released in June 1975, it topped the albums chart. It was certified gold by the RIAA and Jennings won the Male Vocalist of the Year Country Music Association award, the singles Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way and Dreaming My Dreams with You peaked at numbers one and ten respectively on Billboards Hot Country Songs. In 1972, Jennings new manager Neil Reshen renegotiated the contract with RCA Records. Under the new deal, Jennings received complete artistic control over his output, to follow the start of the Outlaw movement, Jennings changed his image. He grew his beard and started to wear jeans, a hat, Jennings produced his next album, 1973s Lonesome, Onry and Mean, himself. The same year he released the acclaimed album Honky Tonk Heroes. Recording at RCAs Nashville studios with the labels personnel did not please Jennings, during the sessions for the album This Time, he moved his operation to Glaser Sound Studio. RCA initially refused to release the record, citing their agreement with the Engineers Union, the deal established that RCA artists could only record in the companys studio with label engineers. In a September 1973 interview with The Tennessean, Neil Reshen said RCA Records had violated Jennings contract, RCA Nashville director Jerry Bradley and New York-based label executive Mel Ilberman decided to allow Jennings to record at Glaser Sound, and broke RCAs deal with the Engineers Union. Citing Jennings as a precedent, RCA artists requested to be allowed to record in external facilities, eventually, the label sold its Nashville studios. This Time topped Billboards Top Country Albums chart, to him, even the most whimsical or uncommon ideas were worth trying. Like Phillips, he favored an approach, recording singer and musicians together, live, in the studio. Anything else, he felt, robbed a performance of soul, after Jack Clement married Waylon Jennings sister-in-law, Clement invited him to a Thursday night demo session in his personal studio. Clements friend, Allen Reynolds, gave Jennings his recently written song I Recall a Gypsy Woman, the latter inspired Jennings to record an album
35.
Are You Ready for the Country
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Are You Ready for the Country is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1976. Are You Ready For the Country was the first solo LP Jennings released after the phenomenally successful Wanted, the Outlaws compilation, the first million selling album in country music. It was co-produced by Jennings and Ken Mansfield and recorded at Sounds Lab in Hollywood, according to the 2004 reissue liner notes, most of the basic tracks were recorded between March 24 and March 27. Despite its title, the album contains several covers as the Texan continued developing his brand of progressive country music that had helped spur the outlaw country movement. However, critics have noted that Are You Ready For the Country does not have the cohesion that had characterized some of his previous studio efforts like Honky Tonk Heroes. Here, the music hasnt really changed, but the flow is no longer seamless, also, Jennings songwriting starts to slip a little bit here, none of his originals are bad, and Ill Go Back to Her is quite good, but theyre all decidedly second tier. The albums biggest hit was Toy Caldwells Cant You See, a song by southern rockers Marshall Tucker Band that had also featured on Hank Williams, Jr. s 1975 Hank Williams, Jr. The Jennings version peaked at #4 on the singles chart. The title track is a song from Neil Youngs seminal 1972 album Harvest, Youngs contemporary Graham Nash contributes background vocals to MacArthur Park, a contemporary take on Jennings Grammy award winning 1969 single with The Kimberlys. Precious Memories is a foray into the Gospel field for Jennings. In another nod to the past, Old Friend was written by Jennings about Buddy Holly, Jennings would continue to include Holly songs on his albums and in his live set, crediting the fellow Texan for helping shape his musical vision. Jennings also contributed the contrite Ill Go Back to Her and Too Good Woman, the album was eventually certified gold, with four top ten singles, and topped the Billboard country albums chart. It also hit #34 on the pop charts, amazon. com, Waylon was always sort of a rock-star type within the world of country music, so this 1976 album seemed like a natural
36.
Ol' Waylon
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Ol Waylon is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1977. It eventually became one of Jennings highest-selling albums, due in no part to the phenomenal success of the chart-topping Luckenbach. By 1977, Jennings was in the midst of his critical and commercial prime, the Outlaws, a compilation of old RCA recordings also featuring Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser, and Waylons wife Jessi Colter. It quickly became country musics first million selling LP, along with Nelson, Jennings was on the cutting edge of what was being referred to as progressive country music, or outlaw country. Jennings had accomplished these feats in a short time after RCA finally allowed him to produce his own records in 1972. Almost immediately, he hit his stride with the seminal outlaw albums Lonesome, Onry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes and he won the CMA Award for Vocalist of the Year in 1975 and Duo of the Year in 1976 with Nelson for their smash duet Good Hearted Woman. People came out to hear our outlaw shows like they were rock concerts, Tompall Glaser recalled in Nelsons 1988 autobiography Willie, All at once we were in coliseums and stadiums, we had tractor-trailer trucks and a huge overhead. Moman had produced numerous rock and R&B hits, worked with Elvis Presley, after relocating his American Studios from Memphis to Nashville, Moman and Jennings began recording the album that would become Ol Waylon supported by the Waylors and guitarist Reggie Young. The albums biggest hit - and the biggest hit single of Jennings career - was Luckenbach, Texas, written by Moman, the song references a couple whose position in high society has placed strains on their marriage and finances. The song condemns this successful life were living that had Willie, Waylon, the spoils of success frequently made Jennings uncomfortable. Luckenbach, a microscopic hamlet 80 miles from Austin, became a metaphor for spiritual renewal, although most people had never heard of it. In his autobiography, Jennings admitted that he hated the song immediately, feeling it was too similar to the laid back Good Time Charlies Got the Blues, but also recognized that it was a sure hit. It debuted on April 16,1977 reaching #1 on the charts on May 21,1977. It also reached #25 on the pop charts, causing Ol Waylon to skyrocket to the top of the album charts and hit #15 on Billboard Top LPs. Willie Nelson, whose own monumental success had begun to eclipse Waylons, Moman also contributed Brand New Goodbye Song, which he wrote with Reggie Young. Ol Waylon includes a version of Lucille, a song that would be Kenny Rogers first major hit as a solo artist that same year, Jennings recording, which contains slightly altered lyrics and up-tempo verses, was not released as a single. The singer chose to cover Neil Diamonds Sweet Caroline and included a medley of Elvis Presley hits originally composed by bluesman Arthur Crudup, Thats All Right, other songs found on Ol Waylon appear to betray Jennings own discomfort with the success he was having. Unlike Nelson, who seemed to embrace his growing fame with the laissez faire attitude of a spirit, Jennings refused to attend award ceremonies
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I've Always Been Crazy
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Ive Always Been Crazy is a country album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1978. By 1978, Jennings was getting burned out on the outlaw country movement, far more concerning, however, was Jennings spiral into cocaine addiction. By his own admission, his appetite for the drug was monstrous, I was doing them constantly. Id do them until I collapsed, then Id get up and start right doing them again. Id definitely hit bottom with it, Id stay up six or seven days or nights at a time, and I wouldnt go home. My health was bad, I had dizzy spells where I could hardly drive, I had cars strewed all over town, because Id get somewhere. The officials had traced a package that had sent there from his manager Neil Reshens office in New York City. The package did indeed contain cocaine, but drummer Richie Albright managed to flush the drug down a commode before the officers could find it and they charged Jennings anyway but the singer was never convicted of the crime due to critical faults in the legal process against him. Still, Jennings was shaken by the bust, remarking in the version of his autobiography. - it gets to you a little bit. It was a media feeding frenzy, I couldnt go anywhere without a cluster of reporters swarmin around me. Jennings added that the case cost him about $100,000 in legal fees, the publicity did not hurt his sales, however, with author Michael Striessguth noting, Waylons public cocaine troubles only fueled his record sales. His five solo singles after the arrest rushed to the top five, on the surface, his two solo albums released after the bust - Ive Always Been Crazy and What Goes Around Comes Around - communicated defiance. Ive Always Been Crazy was produced by Jennings and Waylors drummer Richie Albright with a cast of players that included Tony Joe White, Ralph Mooney, Carter Robertson, Reggie Young, the song peaked at #5 on the country singles chart. Despite the fiery spirit of the LPs hit singles, many the album tracks have a subdued, the sentimental mood is also apparent on the LPs closing tracks, the heartfelt Girl I Can Tell and the Shel Silverstein ballad Whistlers and Jugglers. Even Waylons cover of Johnny Cashs I Walk the Line is reinvented as a ballad, Jennings also pays tribute to his late friend and mentor Buddy Holly with a medley of the fellow-Texans hits. Jennings had famously given up his seat on the flight that claimed the life of Holly, Richie Valens. In the liner notes to The Essential Waylon Jennings, Wade Jessen quotes the singer and he was a rhythm guitar picker, and thats basically what I am. He taught me that you can take country songs and put different rhythms to em. But mainly and he loved music, and he taught me that it shouldnt have any barriers to it. The cover of Merle Haggards honky tonk classic The Bottle Let Me Down was a choice for Jennings who, despite his fondness for pills and drugs
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What Goes Around Comes Around
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What Goes Around Comes Around is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1979. By 1979, Jennings was on the end a hot streak that had made him one of the biggest superstars in country music. He had scored twelve Top 10 country hits since 1973 and had recorded 4 straight #1 country albums, with 1977s Ol Waylon also hitting #15 on the pop charts. Along with fellow outlaw Willie Nelson, he was at the forefront of what was being referred to as outlaw country, unfortunately, Jennings enormous commercial success ran parallel with a crippling cocaine addiction that was draining his resources. In his autobiography, he admitted to spending as much as $20,000 each time he scored, a 1977 drug bust had rattled him but he continued using, and in 1980 he would discover that he was broke. It remained at #2 for 14 weeks and would have topped the charts had it not been for the crossover success of Kenny Rogers Kenny. Maybe thats why the feds wanted to get me, I really dont know and they couldve had me a lot of times before. They knew it and I knew it, too and we rode around with our high beams on, three buses and two trucks. We might as well have had flashing lights on top of the whole convoy lettin the whole world know that we did drugs and we dont sell drugs but we sure eat em. It was obvious. the music isnt splashy and the album, as a whole, is more cohesive than Ive Always Been Crazy, even if it isnt as weighty as Ol Waylon. One of these ballads, Chuck Howards Come With Me, was released in August 1979, the album cover was Jennings first studio album to feature his distinctive logo on the cover, surrounded by neon and stars. Maybe a rebellious attitude, along with the Outlaws album, didnt hurt, im not trying to be mean when I say that, but the mafia didnt hurt Sinatra. The photograph on the cover was taken by Charlyn Zlotnik, at the time of its release, music critic Marsha Hume stated, Side two consists of ballads the likes of which Jennings hasnt sung in some time. In the hands of a talent, a few of these songs. would sound overly sentimental. But Jennings rough baritone can handle a soulful ballad, and his masculine style makes him all the more vulnerable
