1.
New South Wales
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New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south and it has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state, New South Wales state capital is Sydney, which is also Australias most populous city. In March 2014, the population of New South Wales was 7.5 million. Just under two-thirds of the population,4.67 million. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen, the Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised a more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825, in addition, the colony also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemens Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand. However, the Swan River Colony has never administered as part of New South Wales. Lord Howe Island remains part of New South Wales, while Norfolk Island has become a federal Territory, as have the now known as the Australian Capital Territory. The prior inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago, before European settlement there were an estimated 250,000 Aboriginal people in the region. The Wodi Wodi people are the custodians of the Illawarra region of South Sydney. The Bundjalung people are the custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas. The European discovery of New South Wales was made by Captain James Cook during his 1770 survey along the eastern coast of the Dutch-named continent of New Holland. In his original journal covering the survey, in triplicate to satisfy Admiralty Orders, Cook first named the land New Wales, however, in the copy held by the Admiralty, he revised the wording to New South Wales. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, macquaries legacy is still evident today. During the 19th century, large areas were separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria. Responsible government was granted to the New South Wales colony in 1855, following the Treaty of Waitangi, William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840
2.
Sydney central business district
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The Sydney central business district is the main commercial centre of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It extends southwards for about 3 km from Sydney Cove, the point of first European settlement in which the Sydney region was initially established, due to its pivotal role in Australias early history, it is one of the oldest established areas in the country. Geographically, its north–south axis runs from Circular Quay in the north to Central railway station in the south, at the 2011 Australian Census, the CBD recorded a population of 14,308. Sydney CBD is very used to refer not only to the CBD proper. The Sydney CBD is Australias main financial and economic centre, as well as a hub of economic activity for the Asia-Pacific region. The city centre employs approximately 13% of the Sydney regions workforce and it produced $64.1 billion worth of goods and services in 2011–12. Culturally, the city centre is Sydneys focal point for nightlife and it is also home to some of the citys most significant buildings and structures. The Sydney CBD is an area of very densely concentrated skyscrapers and other buildings, interspersed by parks such as Hyde Park, The Domain, Royal Botanic Gardens. George Street is the Sydney CBDs main north–south thoroughfare, the CBD runs along two ridge lines below Macquarie Street and York Streets. Between these ridges is Pitt Street, running close to the course of the original Tank Stream, bridge Street, took its name from the bridge running east–west that once crossed this stream. Pitt Street is the heart of the city which includes the Pitt Street Mall. Macquarie Street is a historic precinct that houses such buildings as the State Parliament House, administratively, the Sydney CBD falls under the authority of the local government area of the City of Sydney. The New South Wales state government also has authority over some aspects of the CBD, the Sydney CBD is home to some of the largest Australian companies, as well as serving as an Asia-Pacific headquarters for many large international companies. Sydneys CBD is serviced by rail, light rail, buses. There is a largely-underground CBD rail loop, accessed in both directions via Central, which services five additional CBD stations, plus a spur line to Bondi Junction which services two. The only light rail line currently operating links the southern part of the CBD, buses, both government-run and privately owned, service the CBD along several dozen routes to both inner and more remote suburbs. NightRide is an bus service that operates between midnight and 5, 00am, with most services running from George Street outside the Sydney Town Hall. Sydney Ferries operate largely from Circular Quay, on the edge of the CBD
3.
Treasurer of New South Wales
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The Treasurer plays a key role in the economic policy of the government. By convention, the Treasurer is usually a member of the NSW Parliament with a seat in the Legislative Assembly, the exception to this is Michael Egan, Michael Costa and Eric Roozendaal, who were members of the Legislative Council during their tenure as Treasurer. The current Treasurer, since 30 January 2017, is Dominic Perrottet MP, the Treasurer is assisted in his portfolio by the Minister for Finance, Services and Property, currently Victor Dominello since 30 January 2017. Each year, the Treasurer presents the NSW Budget to the Parliament, in some other countries the equivalent role is the Minister for Finance, although NSW has had a separate office of that name responsible for regulating government spending. For 103 years the Treasurer was originally known as the Colonial Treasurer, however the Colonial word was removed with the passing of the Ministers of the Crown Act 1959 from 1 April 1959. The Assistant Treasurer, when in use snd along with the Minister for Finance, from 1925–1929 there existed the office of Assistant Colonial Treasurer. However this office was abolished and when it returned in 1933, the Assistant Treasurer is not an essential cabinet post, often being appointed on an on-off basis, and there is no Assistant Treasurer at the present. Significantly, the role only when in use, there can be a lengthy period between successive holders of the title. The last Assistant Treasurer was John Della Bosca from 1999 to 2006, the title Minister for Finance is also used within New South Wales governments but that role is primarily made responsible for the Revenue collection and administration side of Governance
4.
Departmental secretary
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A departmental secretary is the non-political non-elected public servant heads of government departments, who generally hold their position for a number of years. A departmental secretary works with departments and agencies to ensure the delivery of services. Secretaries are frequently called for questioning by the Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audit, the House of Representatives committees, the report is prepared in conjunction with the Public Service Commissioner. Appointments and terminations as departmental secretary are made by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister, under Sections 58 and 59 respectively of the Act. In the first Rudd government, secretaries were appointed for a five-year term, in 1999, the Howard government sought to remove Paul Barratt AO as Secretary of the Department of Defence after Barratt fell out of favour with his Minister. Despite being offered a diplomatic post, Barratt refused to vacate the role and commenced legal action, claiming unfair dismissal, Barratt had a temporary stay, but was dismissed within 14 days, and subsequently lost, on appeal in the Federal Court. The most senior Commonwealth public servant is the Secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, in the Government of the state of Victoria, the most senior government departmental secretary is the Secretary of the Department of Premier and Cabinet, currently Chris Eccles. There are currently 22 individuals in Australian government departments with the grade of Secretary, Government of Australia Australian Public Service
5.
Government of New South Wales
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The Government of New South Wales, also referred to as the New South Wales Government or NSW Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of New South Wales, in Australia. The Government of New South Wales, a constitutional monarchy, was formed in 1856 as prescribed in its Constitution. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, New South Wales has been a state of the Commonwealth of Australia, under the Australian Constitution, New South Wales ceded legislative and judicial supremacy to the Commonwealth, but retained powers in all matters not in conflict with the Commonwealth. Section 109 of the Australian Constitution provides that, where a State law is inconsistent with a federal law, initially the Australian states retained significant independence. Over time, however, that independence has been eroded by both the proliferation of Commonwealth Law, and the increasing financial domination of the Commonwealth. New South Wales is governed according to the principles of the Westminster system, Executive power rests formally with the Executive Council, which consists of the Governor and senior ministers. The Governor, as representative of the Crown, is the repository of power, which is exercised by him or her on the advice of the Premier of New South Wales. The Premier and Ministers are appointed by the Governor, and hold office by virtue of their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the Legislative Assembly. In 2006, the Sesquicentenary of Responsible Government in New South Wales, the Act was assented to by the Queen on 3 April 2006. The following individuals serve as government ministers, at the pleasure of the Queen, the government ministers are listed in order of seniority, while their opposition counterparts are listed to correspond with the government ministers. All Opposition counterparts are members of the Parliament of New South Wales
6.
States and territories of Australia
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Australia is a federation of six states, together with ten federal territories. The Australian mainland consists of five of the six federated states, the state of Tasmania is an island about 200 kilometers from the mainland. The remaining seven territories are classified for some purposes as external territories, aside from the Australian Antarctic Territory, which is Australias claim to part of Antarctica, Australia is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area. Since 2015, federal control has also extended to the formerly self-governing territory of Norfolk Island. Three of the territories are inhabited, the others are uninhabited. The term geographic Australia is used by the Australian government to describe the area covered by demographic statistics such as national population figures and this area comprises Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands in addition to the six states and three mainland territories. Norfolk Island is the territory with a native population that is not part of geographic Australia. Both territories were reincorporated as the Northern Territory at the end of this period, from 1923 to 1968, the United Nations Trust Territory of Nauru was under Australian administration, until independence as the Republic of Nauru. From 1949 to 1975, the Territory of Papua and New Guinea was a territory of Australia, the states originated as separate British colonies prior to Federation in 1901. Upon Federation, the six colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, the territories, by contrast, are from a constitutional perspective directly subject to the Commonwealth Government, laws for territories are determined by the Australian Parliament. Most of the territories are directly administered by the Commonwealth Government, in the self-governing territories, the Australian Parliament retains the full power to legislate, and can override laws made by the territorial institutions, which it has done on rare occasions. For the purposes of Australian intergovernmental bodies, the Northern Territory, each state has a Governor, appointed by the Queen, which by convention she does on the advice of the state Premier. The Administrator of the Northern Territory, by contrast, is appointed by the Governor-General, Jervis Bay Territory is the only non-self-governing internal territory. Until 1989, it was administered as if it were a part of the ACT, although residents of the Jervis Bay Territory are generally subject to laws made by the ACT Legislative Assembly, they are not represented in the Assembly. They are represented in the Parliament of Australia as part of the Electoral Division of Fraser in the ACT, in other respects, the territory is administered directly by the Federal Government through the Territories portfolio. The external territory of Norfolk Island possessed a degree of self-government from 1979 until 2015, each state has a bicameral parliament except Queensland, which abolished its upper house in 1922. The lower house is called the Legislative Assembly, except in South Australia and Tasmania, Tasmania is the only state to use proportional representation for elections to its lower house, all others elect members from single member constituencies, using preferential voting. The upper house is called the Legislative Council and is elected from multi-member constituencies using proportional representation
7.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
8.
Parliament of New South Wales
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The Parliament of New South Wales, located in Parliament House on Macquarie Street, Sydney, is the main legislative body in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is a parliament elected by the people of the state in general elections. The parliament shares law making powers with the Australian Federal Parliament, the New South Wales Parliament follows the Westminster parliamentary traditions of dress, Green–Red chamber colours and protocol. The Parliament derives its authority from the Queen of Australia, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, represented by the Governor of New South Wales and it consists of a lower house, the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, and an upper house, the New South Wales Legislative Council. Each house is elected by the people of New South Wales at elections held approximately every four years. The Parliament of New South Wales is Australias oldest legislature and it had its beginnings when New South Wales was a British colony under the control of the Governor. A small, appointed Legislative Council began meeting in 1824 to advise the Governor on legislative matters, by 1843, this had been enlarged with two-thirds of its members elected by adult males who met certain property requirements. The right to vote was extended to all males in 1858. In 1850 the Australian Colonies Government Act was passed by the Imperial Parliament and this expanded the New South Wales Legislative Council so that by 1851 there were 54 members – again, with two-thirds elected. In 1853, a committee chaired by William Wentworth began drawing up a Constitution for responsible self-government. The Committee’s proposed Constitution was placed before the Legislative Council in August that year and, for the most part, the Constitution, with an upper house whose members were appointed for life, was sent to the Imperial Parliament and was passed into law on 16 July 1855. The new Parliament of New South Wales was to be a bicameral legislature, on 22 May 1856, the newly constituted New South Wales Parliament opened and sat for the first time. With the new 54-member Legislative Assembly taking over the council chamber, in 1859 Queensland was made a colony separate from New South Wales. The Legislative Assembly was reduced from 80 to 72 members by the loss of the Queensland seats, in 1901, New South Wales became a state of the Commonwealth of Australia and many government functions were transferred to the new Commonwealth government. The current Constitution of New South Wales was adopted in 1902, women gained the right to vote in Commonwealth elections in April 1902 and in New South Wales state elections in August 1902. In 1918, reforms permitted women to be Members of Parliament and that same year, a proportional representation system was introduced for the Legislative Assembly with multiple representatives from each electorate, this system lasted until it was abolished in 1926. In 1925,1926 and 1929, Premier Jack Lang made attempts at abolishing the Legislative Council, following the example of the Queensland Legislative Council in 1922, in 1962 Indigenous Australians gained the right to vote in all state elections. In 1978, the Council became an elected body in a program of electoral reform introduced by the Wran Labor government
9.
Macroeconomics
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Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. This includes national, regional, and global economies, Macroeconomics and microeconomics, a pair of terms coined by Ragnar Frisch, are the two most general fields in economics. Macroeconomic models and their forecasts are used by governments to assist in the development, Macroeconomics encompasses a variety of concepts and variables, but there are three central topics for macroeconomic research. Macroeconomic theories usually relate the phenomena of output, unemployment, outside of macroeconomic theory, these topics are also important to all economic agents including workers, consumers, and producers. National output is the amount of everything a country produces in a given period of time. Everything that is produced and sold generates an equal amount of income, therefore, output and income are usually considered equivalent and the two terms are often used interchangeably. Output can be measured as total income, or it can be viewed from the side and measured as the total value of final goods. Macroeconomic output is measured by gross domestic product or one of the other national accounts. Economists interest in long-run increases in output study economic growth, advances in technology, accumulation of machinery and other capital, and better education and human capital all lead to increased economic output over time. However, output does not always increase consistently, business cycles can cause short-term drops in output called recessions. Economists look for macroeconomic policies that prevent economies from slipping into recessions, the amount of unemployment in an economy is measured by the unemployment rate, i. e. the percentage of workers without jobs in the labor force. The unemployment rate in the force only includes workers actively looking for jobs. People who are retired, pursuing education, or discouraged from seeking work by a lack of job prospects are excluded, unemployment can be generally broken down into several types that are related to different causes. Classical unemployment theory suggests that unemployment occurs when wages are too high for employers to be willing to hire more workers, other more modern economic theories suggest that increased wages actually decrease unemployment by creating more consumer demand. Structural unemployment covers a variety of causes of unemployment including a mismatch between workers skills and the skills required for open jobs. Large amounts of unemployment can occur when an economy is transitioning industries. While some types of unemployment may occur regardless of the condition of the economy, Okuns law represents the empirical relationship between unemployment and economic growth. The original version of Okuns law states that a 3% increase in output would lead to a 1% decrease in unemployment, a general price increase across the entire economy is called inflation
10.
Microeconomics
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One goal of microeconomics is to analyze the market mechanisms that establish relative prices among goods and services and allocate limited resources among alternative uses. Microeconomics shows conditions under which free markets lead to desirable allocations and it also analyzes market failure, where markets fail to produce efficient results. Microeconomics also deals with the effects of economic policies on the aspects of the economy. Particularly in the wake of the Lucas critique, much of modern macroeconomic theory has been built upon microfoundations—i. e, based upon basic assumptions about micro-level behavior. Microeconomic theory typically begins with the study of a single rational, to economists, rationality means an individual possesses stable preferences that are both complete and transitive. The technical assumption that preference relations are continuous is needed to ensure the existence of a utility function, microeconomic theory progresses by defining a competitive budget set which is a subset of the consumption set. It is at point that economists make the technical assumption that preferences are locally non-satiated. Without the assumption of LNS there is no guarantee that an individual would maximize utility. With the necessary tools and assumptions in place the utility maximization problem is developed, the utility maximization problem is the heart of consumer theory. The utility maximization problem attempts to explain the action axiom by imposing rationality axioms on consumer preferences, the utility maximization problem serves not only as the mathematical foundation of consumer theory but as a metaphysical explanation of it as well. That is, the utility maximization problem is used by economists to not only explain what or how individuals make choices, the utility maximization problem is a constrained optimization problem in which an individual seeks to maximize utility subject to a budget constraint. Economists use the extreme value theorem to guarantee that a solution to the utility maximization problem exists and that is, since the budget constraint is both bounded and closed, a solution to the utility maximization problem exists. Economists call the solution to the utility maximization problem a Walrasian demand function or correspondence, the utility maximization problem has so far been developed by taking consumer tastes as the primitive. However, a way to develop microeconomic theory is by taking consumer choice as the primitive. This model of microeconomic theory is referred to as Revealed preference theory, the theory of supply and demand usually assumes that markets are perfectly competitive. This implies that there are buyers and sellers in the market and none of them have the capacity to significantly influence prices of goods. In many real-life transactions, the assumption fails because some individual buyers or sellers have the ability to influence prices, quite often, a sophisticated analysis is required to understand the demand-supply equation of a good model. However, the works well in situations meeting these assumptions
11.
Geoffrey Eagar
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Geoffrey Eagar was an accountant and colonial politician and civil servant of the Government of New South Wales, Australia. Eagar was born in Sydney, son of Edward, a convict who helped found the Bank of New South Wales. Edward left Australia to take a battle over the rights of freed convicts to London. His mother Jemima then married William Wentworth, and gave birth to a son, in 1843 he married Mary Ann Bucknell, and the couple had a son, Arthur. Eagar worked at the Bank of New South Wales from 1854 for around five years before being appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council and he resigned a year later but in 1863 he was elected to the lower house, representing the seat of West Sydney. He served in the seat twice, from 1863 to 1864 and 1865 to 1869, during this period, he served as Secretary for Public Works from 1858 to 1860 and as Colonial Treasurer from 1863 to 1865 and from 1866 to 1868. After leaving parliament he was appointed head of the New South Wales Treasury from 1872 to 1891, Eagar died at his home in the Sydney suburb of Glebe Point, survived by his wife and three of their four children. He also had a house in the Blue Mountains, opposite Eagars Platform, now called Valley Heights railway station
12.
Bertram Stevens (politician)
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Sir Bertram Sydney Barnsdale Stevens KCMG was an Australian politician and the Premier of New South Wales from 16 May 1932 to 5 August 1939. At the time of his resignation, he was the longest continuous serving Premier of New South South Wales at 7 years and 2 months, Stevens was born in the Sydney suburb of Redfern and attended Fort Street High School. An accountant by training, the teetotal Methodist Stevens worked for years in local government, in 1914, he married Edith Lillie Anderson and they had one son and two daughters. In 1924, he became under-secretary and director of finance at the State Treasury, in 1927, he became an alderman on Marrickville Council. In 1927 Stevens entered the Legislative Assembly, as member for the Sydney suburban electoral district of Croydon, during the Nationalist Party Premiership of Sir Thomas Bavin, Stevens served first as Assistant Treasurer, and from 1929 as Treasurer. Not long after the Great Depression ended Bavins administration in 1930, in 1932 the Nationalist Party was absorbed into the United Australia Party, and Stevens became that partys state parliamentary leader. In May 1932 the Governor Sir Philip Game dismissed the Lang government, which was in dispute with Australias federal government of James Scullin, Stevens immediately called a new state election, which his party won in a landslide. He reduced the protections for mortgagors and tenants that had been introduced by Langs 1925–27 government, the UAP was re-elected in 1935 and 1938, each time against the Lang-led Labor Party. For most of Stevenss seven-year Premiership, one of the longest in New South Wales history — it continued until the eve of World War II — he was his own Treasurer, from 1936 onward, Spooner often censured Stevens for not running a balanced budget. Finally, in July 1939, Spooner resigned from cabinet, on 1 August, Spooner moved a parliamentary no confidence motion against Stevenss administration, succeeding by two votes. Stevens resigned, and Alexander Mair took over the Premiership, still only 50 years old, Stevens had hopes of a career in the federal parliament. Despite Sir Robert Menziess attempts to him, he abandoned his Assembly seat in 1940. He was easily defeated by the ALP incumbent, Dan Mulcahy, in 1941 and 1942, Stevens served as the Australian representative to the Eastern Group Supply Council in New Delhi. After the war, Stevens was president of the India League of Australia, and wrote prolifically upon Indian politics, but he never again held, or sought, elective office. He died in the Sydney suburb of Concord West, poor as a result of a public service career and almost forgotten, survived by a son. Stevens was accorded a funeral and buried beside his wife who pre-deceased him in 1966 at Pine Grove Memorial Park, Minchinbury. Stevens was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael, Sir Bertram Stevens Drive, a main access road through Royal National Park, a protected national park in Sutherland Shire, NSW. First Stevens–Bruxner ministry Second Stevens–Bruxner ministry Third Stevens–Bruxner ministry
13.
ABC News (Australia)
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ABC News is a national news service in Australia produced by the News and Current Affairs division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The division is responsible for all news-gathering and production of output for ABC television, radio. Although the ABC is owned and funded by the Australian Government, the flagship radio news programs, AM, The World Today and PM are broadcast over various ABC radio outlets. ABC television news bulletins are broadcast throughout the day — including the flagship nightly 7pm state-based bulletins, bulletins focus strongly on issues of state relevance, with a greater inclusion of national and international news items than are found in the news bulletins of commercial broadcasters. The programme is shown online and on Australia Plus in the Asia Pacific region. Weekend Breakfast is broadcast weekends from 7am -11, 00am on ABC and ABC News 24 from ABCs main national news studios in Sydney at Ultimo and is presented by Andrew Geoghegan and Miriam Corowa. ABC News Mornings is presented by Joe OBrien from the ABCs main national news studios in Sydney at Ultimo, sport is presented by Paul Kennedy and weather is presented by Nate Byrne. A separate edition of the bulletin is produced for Western Australia two to three hours after the original broadcast, as the delay was deemed too long to remain up-to-date. Both versions air on ABC News 24, the bulletin was launched in February 2005 to replace the less successful Midday News and Business, preceded in turn by the long-running World at Noon. ABC News Early Edition is presented by James McHale from ABCs Perth studios and airs weekdays at 5pm on ABC in each Australian state, weather is presented by Graham Creed. 7.30 is presented by Leigh Sales and Matt Wordsworth from the ABCs main national news studios in Ultimo, Sydney on ABC at 7. 30pm, however, when a big state political event happens, the national program can be pre-empted by the local edition. Lateline is presented by Tony Jones and Emma Alberici from the ABCs main national news studios at Ultimo, Sydney, the program has developed a reputation for head-to-head debates on current issues and political interviews. National news updates are presented on ABC throughout the day with evening updates presented live in most states by the state news presenters. The ABCs Brisbane studios produces the 8. 30pm weeknight update, National updates are also available on demand via ABC News Online. The news bulletins such as ABC News Mornings, ABC News Afternoons, The World, The World This Week, Weekend Breakfast, ABC News Canberra is presented from the ABCs Dickson studios by Dan Bourchier on weeknights and Craig Allen on weekends with sports presenter Chris Kimball. ABC News New South Wales is presented from the ABCs Ultimo studios by Juanita Phillips, weather is presented by Graham Creed on weeknights. The Sydney bulletin was first presented in 1956 by veteran newsreader James Dibble until June 1983 when he was replaced by Richard Morecroft - who remained as presenter for the two decades. ABC News Northern Territory is presented from ABC Northerns Darwin studios by Eleni Roussos from Sunday to Thursday, ABC News Queensland is presented from the ABCs Queensland headquarters on Brisbanes South Bank by Karina Carvalho on weeknights and Jessica van Vonderen on weekends
14.
The Australian
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The Australian is a broadsheet newspaper published in Australia from Monday to Saturday each week since 14 July 1964. The editor in chief is Paul Whittaker, the editor is John Lehmann and its chief rivals are the business-focused Australian Financial Review, and on weekends, The Saturday Paper. In May 2010, the newspaper launched the first Australian newspaper iPad app, the Australian is owned by News Corp Australia. News Corps Chairman and Founder is Rupert Murdoch, the Australian integrates content from overseas newspapers owned by News Corp Australias parent, News Corp, including The Wall Street Journal and The Times of London. Unlike other Murdoch newspapers, it was neither a tabloid nor an acquired publication, from its inception The Australian struggled for financial viability and ran at a loss for several decades. The Australians first editor was Maxwell Newton, though he would leave the paper within a year and was succeeded by Walter Kommer, during the 1975 election, campaigning against the Whitlam government by its owner led to the papers journalists striking over editorial direction. Editor-in-chief Chris Mitchell was appointed in 2002 and retired on 11 December 2015, Daily sections include National News followed by Worldwide News, Sport and Business News. Contained within each issue is a prominent op/ed section, including regular columnists, other regular sections include Technology, Media, Features, Legal Affairs, Aviation, Defence, Horse-Racing, The Arts, Health, Wealth and Higher Education. A Travel & Indulgence section is included on Saturdays, along with The Inquirer, Saturday lift-outs include Review, focusing on books, arts, film and television, and The Weekend Australian Magazine, the only national weekly glossy insert magazine. A glossy magazine, Wish, is published on the first Friday of the month, the Australian has long maintained a focus on issues relating to Aboriginal disadvantage. It also devotes attention to the technology, Defence and mining industries, as well as the science, economics. It has also published special reports into Australian energy policy. The Australian Literary Review was a supplement from September 2006 October 2011. The Australian has often criticised for being biased against recent Labor governments. In recent years, the paper was scathing of Labors decision to introduce a tax and other carbon emission reduction measures, using reporting. On the newspapers website, there was a section named Stimulus Watch, subtitled How your Billions Are Being Spent, along with the governments insulation stimulus policy, it contributed to perceptions of incompetence and general dissatisfaction with the governments performance. In 2011, Glenn Milne reported on the allegations against Prime Minister Julia Gillard concerning the AWU affair including a claim regarding Gillards living arrangements with Wilson. Gillard contacted the chief executive of The Australian, resulting in the story being removed, however, the story was ignored for a long time by other media outlets
15.
Police Integrity Commission
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The mission of the Commission is to be an effective agent in the reduction of serious police misconduct. The Commission was established on 1 July 1996 pursuant to the Police Integrity Act 1996 following the Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service, the Commission is led by a Commissioner, presently Bruce James QC. An independent Inspector of the Police Integrity Commission provides oversight of the functions of the Commission. Prior to the Commissions establishment, matters of police integrity were dealt with by the Police Tribunal of New South Wales, the Commission was set up following a recommendation by the Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service. That recommendation, among others, led to a transformation of the police service in New South Wales. The Commission was the successor to the Royal Commission, although the Commissions powers, the Commission looks into serious police misconduct and can refuse to investigate. There is no body or Commission that looks into police misconduct except for the NSW Ombudsman. However, the Ombudsman, as a matter of procedure, will refer any complaints made about police or unsatisfactory police investigations back to the command or the investigating officer. On 26 November 2015 Police Minister Troy Grant announced that the PIC would be replaced by the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission, on 8 November 2016 legislation was passed by the NSW Parliament to establish the Commission. The Commission is established under the Police Integrity Act 1996, the act sets out the principal functions of the Commission. The Commission employs a variety of experienced staff including lawyers, accountants, police, investigators, where police officers are employed, they are employed from overseas or interstate. The Commission has extensive powers to summons witnesses and require the production of documents by third parties in relation to an investigation, the Commissioner may issue a warrant for the arrest of a witness who does not appear in answer to a summons. The Commissioner may direct that a prisoner be brought out of prison to be examined, the Commission may also issue search warrants to search and seize property. The Commission may conduct public or private hearings depending on the nature of the allegations, a hearing may be partly heard in private and partly in public. The Commissioner has the discretion to allow persons to appear and take part in a hearing, there is no automatic right of appearance. Similarly, the Commissioner may allow a person to be legally represented, generally, the Commission must give a person giving evidence the opportunity to be legally represented. Its hearings, when in Sydney, are held in its headquarters in the St James Centre, located at Level 3,111 Elizabeth Street and this oversight includes monitoring and reviewing the exercise by the Commission and the Inspector of the Police Integrity Commission of their functions. The committee may report to both Houses of Parliament on any of those matters raised, the committee also examines each annual report and other report of the Commission and of the Inspector and report to both Houses of Parliament on any matter arising out those reports
16.
Sydney Olympic Park
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Sydney Olympic Park is a large sporting, cultural and leisure complex in western Sydney. It is also a suburb of Sydney, commonly known as Olympic Park. Sydney Olympic Park is located 16 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, the area was redeveloped for the 2000 Olympics. The suburb also contains commercial development and extensive parklands, the area was originally part of the suburb of Homebush Bay, but was designated a suburb in its own right in 2009. The Wangal clan of Indigenous Australians lived in the area before British settlement, the area was called The Flats by a scouting party shortly after the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788. It became part of the Newington Estate in 1807, which was acquired by John Blaxland, the Government acquired some of the land for an aged womens home in the late 19th century. Much of the land was reclaimed from the river and wetlands by landfill, in the mid-1980s, an area bounded by Australia Avenue and what are now Herb Elliott Avenue and Sarah Durack Avenue was promoted as a technology park called the Australia Centre. However, apart from a few relatively high tech businesses like AWA Microelectronics, BASF, Philips and Sanyo, the idea did not catch on, in any event, a decade later the entire area became the site for the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Before its transformation, a part of Olympic Park was derelict former industrial land, after more than a century of industrial. The site was home to a brickworks, abattoir and an armaments depot as well as being the site for eight of Sydneys rubbish dumps. These activities resulted in a contaminated site with little natural ecology. Sixty-five percent of the soils were required to be excavated and contained on-site, commercial developments now sit alongside sporting facilities with tenants in office buildings such as Commonwealth Bank from September 2007. A five-star Pullman hotel and a two-star Formule 1 hotel were completed in mid-2008, the parklands have undergone redevelopment with Blaxland Riverside Park being transformed into an urban park along Parramatta River. The Park opened on 3 March 2007, in addition the Wentworth Common area was upgraded with significant adventure playground facilities for children aged 8–13 years. Auburn Council sought public comment on a proposal to rename the Homebush Bay area and it hosts the Big Day Out music festival and has been the venue for free, open air performances as part of the Sydney Festival such as Movies in the Overflow and Music by Moonlight. The Newington Armory has in the past been the venue for the now-defunct Great Escape and Acoustica at the Armory music festivals, in August 2009, the funerals for the murdered Lin family were held here. Every December since 2009, the V8 Supercar event, the Sydney 500, is held through the streets of the Olympic precinct, however, it was announced in March 2016 that the event would no longer take place at Sydney Olympic Park following its final edition in December 2016. EB Games Expo has been held at The Sydney Showgrounds from 2012 to present
17.
Department of Justice (New South Wales)
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The chief executive officer, called Secretary, of the department is Andrew Cappie-Wood. All ministers are responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales. The departments headquarters are located in the Justice Precinct Office, part of the Parramatta Justice Precinct in Parramatta, the departments more than 4,000 staff are located across New South Wales. The re-organisation of the system of Colonial New South Wales led to the creation of the Attorney-General. In 1901, the Department of Attorney General and the Department of Justice were amalgamated into the Department of the Attorney General, in 1911, two separate branches of the Department were established, later called divisions which continued until the 1970s. Responsibility for police and corrective services were removed from the Department in the 1970s, some four years later, the two Departments were merged and the Justice portfolio re-established in 2009 through the creation of the Department of Justice and Attorney General. The headquarters of the department was at the Goodsell Building in Chifley Square, in 2008 the departments main business centres were relocated to newer offices in Parramatta. Following the 2011 state election the department was merged with Corrective Services, on 23 April 2014 it was decided that the department would be renamed the Department of Police and Justice. Subsequent government initiatives lead to the department becoming the Department of Justice, the following agencies are administered by the department, Department of Justice website The New South Wales Victims Compensation Tribunal
18.
Crown Solicitor's Office (New South Wales)
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The Office frequently instructs barristers with regard to civil matters. It was announced on 10 June 2015 that Lea Armstrong would be appointed as Crown Solicitor, previously Richard Kelly had been Acting Crown Solicitor following the departure of Ian Knight. In 1817, the position of Solicitor for the Crown, or Crown Solicitor, in 1902, the first Australian-born New South Wales Crown Solicitor, John Varnell Tillett, was appointed to the position. During the 1990s, the operations of the Crown Solicitors Office were commercialised, in 1994, Ian Victor Knight, was appointed to the position, and, in 1996, he commenced a restructuring of the agency, converting its four branches into ten specialist practice groups. In addition to this, the Office competes with private firms and professionals to perform untied
19.
Director of Public Prosecutions (New South Wales)
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The New South Wales Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions is an independent prosecuting service and government agency within the portfolio of the Attorney General of New South Wales. Of all prosecuting services in Australia, the ODPP has the largest caseload, staff, the current Director of Public Prosecutions is Lloyd Babb SC. The ODPP was established by the Director of Public Prosecutions Act 1986, within six months prior to March 2013, two lawyers from the ODPP have committed suicide involving incidents of workplace bullying. In general, it is for the prosecution, not the courts, to decide who is prosecuted and it is the prosecutions sole discretion to shape its charges, and as a result, to influence what may follow in the trial. Section 21 of the DPP Act provides that the Director may appear in person or may be represented by a counsel or solicitor in any proceedings which are carried on by the Director, the functions of the Solicitor for Public Prosecutions are prescribed in section 23 of the DPP Act. These are, to act as solicitor for the Director in the exercise of the Directors functions, the functions of Crown Prosecutors are set out in section 5 of the Crown Prosecutors Act 1986. The Director, Deputy Directors, the Crown Prosecutors, and the Solicitor for Public Prosecutions are statutorily appointed office holders under the DPP Act. The relationship between the Director, the Crown Prosecutors, and the Solicitor, is analogous to that which exists between client, counsel, and solicitor in the private sector. The Corporate Services Division provides financial, personnel, information technology, the ODPP Head Office, where the Director, the two Deputy Directors, and their support staff are based, located at 175 Liverpool Street. In Western Sydney, the ODPP has three offices, located at Parramatta, Penrith, and Campbelltown, in regional New South Wales, the ODPP has six offices, located at Lismore, Newcastle, Gosford, Wagga Wagga, Dubbo and Wollongong. Each of the ODPP offices is staffed by Crown Prosecutors, solicitors, each office conducts prosecutions in the relevant Local, District, and Supreme Courts. Witness Assistance Service officers, who are social workers or psychologists, are also located in each Office. The officers of this Service provide assistance, support, referral to support agencies, Director of Public Prosecutions Official website
20.
Industrial Relations Commission of New South Wales
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The Commission was established with effect from 2 September 1996 pursuant to the Industrial Relations Act,1996. Industrial courts first began in New South Wales in 1901 with the establishment of the Court of Arbitration established pursuant to the Industrial Arbitration Act,1901, Industrial courts have undergone many changes since then depending on the flavour of government in office. In 1908, they were called the Industrial Court of New South Wales established under the Industrial Disputes Act,1908, in 1912, they were called the Court of Industrial Arbitration of New South Wales which was established pursuant to the Industrial Arbitration Act,1912. In 1926, the Industrial Arbitration Act,1926 abolished the Court of Industrial Arbitration, in 1991, the Industrial Commission was replaced with the Industrial Relations Commission of New South Wales constituted under the Industrial Relations Act,1991. In 1996, the 1991 Industrial Commission was replaced with the Industrial Relations Commission of New South Wales constituted under the Industrial Relations Act,1996, the Minister for Industrial Relations may refer any matter to the Commission for the Commission to inquiry and report upon. However, this doesnt apply when considering criminal proceedings relating to prosecutions for breaches of the Occupational Health, the Commission consists of a president and a vice-president appointed by the Governor of New South Wales. The governor may also appoint deputy presidents and Commissioners, a full bench of the Commission will usually comprise at least three members (often headed by the President or Deputy President who will be accompanied by one or Commissioners. The Full Bench does sometimes sit as a four or five member full bench, Industrial Relations Commission of New South Wales
21.
Judicial Commission of New South Wales
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The commission is headed by the Chief Justice of New South Wales, presently Tom Bathurst, and consists of the heads of each of the major courts in New South Wales plus community representatives. Its powers are enshrined in the Judicial Officers Act 1986 and the Commission reports to the Attorney General and Minister for Justice, the commission is the only body of its type in Australia. Similar bodies are in existence in Canada, India and the United States, the work of the commission is split into two distinct areas. The first is a division which deals with complaints about judicial officers. The other area is the function, which provides information on sentencing information, legal development. The commission marked a significant change in the system in New South Wales. It restored public confidence in the system, which had been rocked by a series of scandals. The commission eliminated the political process from the removal of a judge from public office, Judges were no longer subject to the whim of the government of the day in whether they could be removed from office. Instead, the commission now provides a means outside politics for the consideration of misconduct by judicial officers. As one present judge has suggested, the commission has actually improved and safe-guarded independence of the courts, the model for a judicial commission has received support for introduction elsewhere in Australia. The Crown has always appointed judges in New South Wales since the earliest days of the established in 1788 by the British when a deputy judge advocate was appointed. Judges were initially appointed subject to His Majestys pleasure, later, they were appointed for life. Now, judges are subject to a retirement age. A judge’s appointment in the colonies was always subject to the Sovereign’s pleasure, the judge could be recalled at any time. Jeffery Hart Bent, the first judge appointed in Australia, was removed from office, until the passing of the Australia Acts, a judge could also be suspended or “amoved” at any time by the governor of the colony or State. Prior to 1901, two judges, judges John Walpole Willis and Algernon Sidney Montagu, had removed from office pursuant to the Colonial Leave of Absence Act 1782. This was unlike their English counterparts, the Act of Settlement 1701 provided that judges could only be removed by the Crown on an address by both houses of the British Parliament. This was to overcome the Stuart period in England where judges favourable to the crown were appointed, in 1830, Sir Jonah Barrington was the first Common Law judge removed from office under that law, and probably the only English to be so
22.
Law Reform Commission of New South Wales
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The New South Wales Law Reform Commission is a commission to investigate, review and advise on the reform of the law in New South Wales, a state of Australia. The present commission came into existence on 25 September 1967 although it had been established previously in 1966. There has been a history of law reform in common law such as Australia. Prior to the establishment of the commission, various parliamentary inquiries, ad hoc commissions, the commission was the first permanent body established in Australia to continually conduct and investigate law reform. The commission consisted of the five lawyers and the Chief Justice of New South Wales and this Commission prepared a draft bill to simplify equity procedure and indicated the need for consolidation and reform of lunacy, insolvency and jury laws. Its only success came long after the body lapsed with the enactment of part of its proposed Criminal Law Consolidation. The commission is established under the Law Reform Commission Act 1967, the Governor of New South Wales may appoint a chairperson of the commission. The current chairperson is Alan Cameron AO, the governor may also appoint deputy chairpersons of the commission. The governor must also appoint two commissioners to the commission. Commissioners may be appointed as full-time or part-time commissioners, under the Law Reform Commission Act, the commission may make interim and final reports on any of its work. The Attorney General of New South Wales may also direct the commission to make a report, the commission is also required to make an annual report on its work during the year. For the commission, the starts in July and ends in the following June. The report is furnished to the Attorney-General who must then table the report in the New South Wales Parliament, official website Law Reform Commission Act 1967
23.
Coroner's Court of New South Wales
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Coroners must be magistrates in the state and sit in branches of the Local Court of New South Wales. They hold jurisdiction over the remains of a person and have the power to make findings in respect of the cause of death of a person or the cause of any fire in New South Wales. The office of coroner in New South Wales derives from the legal framework inherited from the origins of the state and, ultimately. This authority came to Phillip through what is called the second commission. One of the offices that he could appoint was that of coroner, in the early days of the colony, the role of the coroner was often performed by a justice of the peace. The first inquiry in the nature of a coronial inquest was conducted on 14 December 1788 and was presided over by Augustus Alt, after the discovery of asbestos in the file storage area of the Westmead Coroners Court in 2007, the Westmead Coroners Court was indefinitely closed. An investigation was conducted following its closure, in 2008, the adjacent Westmead Morgue was closed, largely due to budgetary and sustainability concerns. The City Coroners Court, Glebe is located adjacent to the Department of Forensic Medicine, the Coroners Court is in the state stream of the Australian court hierarchy, and its operation is defined by state legislation. Per the Coroners Act 2009, the State Coroner and Deputy State Coroners are appointed to their office by the Governor of New South Wales, all magistrates in New South Wales are ex officio coroners by virtue of their appointment as magistrates. Prior to 1998, the State Coroner was the City Coroner, and the State Coroners Court, Glebe was the City Coroners Court, Glebe
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Solicitor General for New South Wales
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Solicitor General for New South Wales, known informally as the Solicitor General, is one of the Law Officers of the Crown, and the deputy of the Attorney General. He or she can exercise the powers of the Attorney General in the Attorney Generals absence, the Solicitor General is addressed in court as Mr Solicitor or Ms Solicitor. Despite the title, the position is held by a barrister. Previously a political appointment like the Attorney General is today, since 1922 the Solicitor General is now a professional position within the Department of Justice, the Solicitor General operates under the provisions of the Solicitor General Act 1969. Section 2 of the act stipulates that the Solicitor General must be an Australian lawyer of at least 7 years’ standing, the retirement age is set at 72. Until 1987, the Solicitor General had the power to initiate Crown appeals at the Court of Criminal Appeal in NSW, it then became the responsibility of the Director of Public Prosecutions
25.
Fire and Rescue NSW
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FRNSW attended over 194,000 incidents and undertook 57,000 community activities in 2011/12. FRNSW also works closely with the NSW Rural Fire Service in regional areas, the agency is led by the Commissioner of Fire and Rescue NSW, currently Greg Mullins AFSM, who reports to the Minister for Emergency Services, currently the Honourable David Elliott MP. The minister is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales. The New South Wales Fire Brigades was established in September 1909, replacing the Sydney-based Metropolitan Fire Brigade, prior to its formation, Fire Brigade Boards also ran rudimentary fire services in various New South Wales country towns. On 1 January 2011 the agency was renamed to Fire and Rescue NSW to better reflect the agencys expanding responsibilities. The Fire and Rescue NSW emblem includes the NSW state emblem with the State motto Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites, a flag based on the British Blue Ensign with FRNSW emblem is also used. Greg Mullins was appointed Commissioner of the NSW Fire Brigades on 4 July 2003 and he is the first person in the history of the brigade to be appointed as both Chief Fire Officer / CEO, and to have come from the Brigades’ ranks. Commissioner Mullins joined the then NSWFB in 1978 after serving for six years as a firefighter with the NSW Rural Fire Service. In 2000 he was appointed as Director State Operations, the Commissioners official vehicle bears New South Wales number plate 10, which has been on continuous issue to the head of the fire department in NSW from the Roads and Maritime Services since 1910. A permanent firefighter is a full-time firefighter, Permanent firefighters work in a fire station as part of a platoon. Each fire station has four platoons on rotating shifts each containing at least 3 firefighters of various ranks, the number depends on the size and nature of the fire station. Each platoon is supervised by a Station Officer, each fire station is part of a zone containing between nine and 27 fire stations and headed by a zone commander. These zones are grouped in regions headed by a Regional Commander. A retained station is a station where retained firefighters work. The retained station is not a staffed station, meaning the firefighters are on-call from home or work rather than on duty at the station. However, retained stations respond to emergencies 24 hours a day, the Fire Brigade Employees Union lodged a dispute in the NSW Industrial Relations Commission, with union claims that the station closures will put lives at risk. Some stations employ a mixture of Permanent and Retained Firefighters and this arrangement is common in larger country towns such as Bathurst and Orange where the nearest backup would otherwise be some distance away. The station would typically have one appliance manned by permanent staff as first response, the station may have Permanent day and night shifts or be day shift only, with retained staff manning all appliances at night when they are less hampered by work or other commitments
26.
New South Wales Crime Commission
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The New South Wales Crime Commission is a statutory corporation of the Government of New South Wales. It is constituted by the Crime Commission Act 2012, the object of which is to reduce the incidence of organised crime and other crime in the state of New South Wales. In more recent years, the Commission has also taken on a charter of assisting with the investigation of terrorism related offences, in August 2011 the NSW Government announced that a Special Commission of Inquiry would be conducted into the NSW Crime Commission. Headed by retired Supreme Court justice David Patten, the Inquiry handed its report to the Government on 30 November 2011 and its findings have been made public. The Commission was originally constituted by a Chairman and two other members, richard Job, QC succeeded Lloyd-Jones as chairman, and the SDCC was led by Job together with Barry Thorley, a former judge, and a retired vice-admiral, David Leach. The name of the Commission and its statute were changed in 1990, in that year the Drug Trafficking Act 1990 was enacted and conferred on the Commission the role of taking legal action to confiscate the proceeds of crime. Phillip Bradley was appointed a member in 1989 and became chairman in 1993, in 1996 the office of Chairman was abolished and replaced by the position of Commissioner. Bradley served as the first Commissioner, the Commission established itself as a successful criminal investigation and intelligence agency and a successful criminal asset confiscation agency. In the period leading up to the 2011 state election, the commission was the subject of allegations regarding its practices. In February 2011, the Police Integrity Commission made a decision to hold an inquiry into the NSWCC as part of a PIC investigation that had been underway since 2008. The nature of the conducted by the PIC related to the way the NSW Crime Commission managed its asset-confiscation powers. PIC investigations revealed that the commission and lawyers acting for alleged and convicted criminals negotiated legal costs, the Crime Commission took the matter to the Supreme Court. The Commission sought an order quashing the February 2011 PIC decision to hold hearings. The Commission also sought to narrow the scope of the PIC hearings, the controversy expanded as the commission was accused of undermining free speech by demanding records and phones from Fairfax journalists. With the matter still before the court, on 6 May 2011 the New South Wales Government extended the appointment of Bradley for a six months. He was also guilty of perverting the course of justice. He was arrested by the AFP on 2 June 2008 after intensive surveillance and investigation, handing down the sentence on 8 December 2011, Justice Bruce James stated that Standen had shown no remorse during criminal proceedings and sentenced him to a maximum term of 22-years in custody. Standen may be eligible for release on parole by 1 June 2024
27.
New South Wales Rural Fire Service
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The New South Wales Rural Fire Service is an organisation that is a volunteer-based firefighting agency and statutory body of the Government of New South Wales. The agency is led by its Commissioner, presently Shane Fitzsimmons, the NSW Rural Fire Services jurisdiction covers more than 90% of the geographical area of the state of New South Wales in Australia. The service also employs 855 paid staff who fulfill the senior operational management and they were Australias first official bush fire brigade. The core of the service, then as now, was the brigades that were organised along council district lines under the command of a locally appointed Fire Control Officer. Fire fighting efforts were funded by the Bush Fire Fighting Fund, established in 1949 and financed by companies, local council. A variety of State-run committees and councils oversaw bush fire operations with members drawn from various Government fire fighting agencies and council and volunteer representatives. This Act proclaimed the areas serviced by the Board of Fire Commissioners and covered the areas of Sydney and Newcastle together with most regional. In January 1994, extreme conditions resulted in over 800 bush fires breaking out along the coast of NSW. More than 800,000 hectares of land and 205 homes were burned,120 people were injured and four people were killed, including a volunteer firefighter from the Wingello Bush Fire Brigade. The financial cost of the disaster was estimated at $165 million, the lengthy Coronial Inquiry that followed recommended the State Government introduce a single entity responsible for the management of bush fires in NSW. The 1997 Rural Fires Act was proclaimed on 1 September, with Phil Koperberg announced as Commissioner, organised control of bush fires began with the establishment of the first volunteer bush fire brigades at Berrigan in 1896. This brigade had been established in response to a series of fires in northern Victoria. These culminated in the Red Tuesday fire of 1 February 1898 in Gippsland that claimed 12 lives, in 1916 the Local Government Act provided for the prevention and mitigation of bush fires by authorising local councils to establish, manage and maintain these brigades. The establishment of the Bush Fires Act in 1930 granted local councils the authority to appoint bush fire officers with powers comparable to those held by a Chief Officer of the NSW Fire Brigades and these Fire Control Officers were responsible for bush fire management within their appointed local council districts. In September 1939 a conference of fire-fighting authorities was convened to discuss the prevention of fires during the summer months. The Bush Fire Advisory Committee was established to prevent and mitigate bush fires and this committee had no statutory powers but publicised the need for the public to observe fire safety precautions and highlighted the role of Bush Fire Brigades. It was also responsible for preparing legislation that led to the Bush Fires Act of 1949. The Bush Fires Act,1949 came into effect on 9 December 1949, the Act also gave the Governor of NSW the authority to proclaim bush fire districts where none had previously been proclaimed
28.
New South Wales State Emergency Service
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The NSW SES is made up almost entirely of volunteer members, numbering approximately 9,000 as of October 2015, via 228 suburban, regional and rural units located throughout New South Wales. The volunteers are easily identified by their distinctive orange overalls, the agency is led by its Commissioner who reports to the Minister for Emergency Services, presently The Honorable Troy Grant MP. The major responsibilities of the NSW SES are for flood, tsunami, the NSW SES also provides the majority of General Land Rescue effort in the rural parts of the state. This includes road crash rescue, vertical rescue, general rescue, bush search and rescue, evidence searches, the Services trained rescuers also support the full-time emergency services during major disasters. The NSW SES also assist other emergency services when they are performing major operations and these services include the New South Wales Police Force, the NSW Rural Fire Service, the Fire and Rescue NSW and the Ambulance Service of New South Wales. The state headquarters of the NSW SES is located in Wollongong, Region boundaries are generally based on river catchments, reflecting that floods are a major part of their work. NSW SES volunteer units are managed by Local Controllers, Region offices are managed by a Region Controller. Offices also have a Deputy Region Controller, Learning and Development Officer, Business Manager, a number of Regions have additional Learning and Development Officers, Volunteer Support Officers and/or Community Engagement Coordinators. Volunteers may also be attached to a region office, at a state level, Directors are responsible for key functional areas. All these positions are based at NSW SES State Headquarters in Wollongong, the NSW SES receives funding primarily from the NSW Government and donations made by members of the public. Resources are often obtained through numerous grants provided by public and private entities, State Emergency Service Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council New South Wales State Emergency Service
29.
New South Wales Police Force
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The New South Wales Police Force is the primary law enforcement agency of the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is a servant of the Crown, independent of Government, under the Police Regulation Act,1862, the organisation of the NSW Police Force was formally established in 1862 with the unification of all existing independent police units in the state. The authority and responsibility of the police force was given to the inspector general of police. The 1990s were a turbulent period in NSW police history, the Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service was held between 1995 and 1997. The Royal Commission uncovered hundreds of instances of bribery, money laundering, drug trafficking, the police commissioner, Tony Lauer, resigned as the level of corruption in the service became clear and his own position untenable. Peter James Ryan was recruited from the UK, wide-ranging reforms occurred as a result of the recommendations of the Royal Commission, including the establishment of a permanent Police Integrity Commission. The minister for justice and police, Troy Grant, is responsible to the NSW parliament for the police portfolio, Grant is a former NSW police officer who served 22 years before entering politics. As of October 2014, the force consists of some 16,467 officers. The motto of the NSW Police Force is the Latin Culpam poena premit comes, the NSW Police insignia includes the motto. The overall mission of the police is to life and property and to detect. Like all other states of Australia, municipalities and shires in NSW have only limited law enforcement responsibilities. The police perform the primary law enforcement role in all areas of the state, the New South Wales Police Force has existed in various forms since the foundation of the colony of New South Wales at Sydney in 1788. Police units were under the rule of the district magistrates, responding to the various forms of crime, a number of independent specialised units were set up. The earliest of these units formed was the Mounted Police, established in 1825 to keep the settlers safe, in 2009, it had 34 horses and was claimed to be the oldest mounted police unit in the world. Other specialist groups formed during this time were the Water Police, the Border Police and the Native Police. After a failed attempt made by Act No.38 of 1850, unified control of the police eventuated in 1862 when the Police Regulation Act was passed, the first inspector general of police, John McLerie, was appointed to assume overall authority and responsibility. The Police Regulation Act, passed in 1935, changed the title to commissioner of police. The position of deputy commissioner was also created, by 1872, there were seventy police stations throughout the colony in sub-districts, with a total of 803 police officers
