1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Bee Gees
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The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958. Their line-up consisted of brothers Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb, the Bee Gees wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists. Born on the Isle of Man to English parents, the Gibb brothers lived in Chorlton, Manchester, England, the family then moved to Redcliffe, in Queensland, Australia, and then to Cribb Island. The Bee Gees have sold more than 220 million records worldwide, the Bee Gees Hall of Fame citation says Only Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees. Following Maurices sudden death in January 2003 at the age of 53, Barry, in 2009 Robin announced that he and Barry had agreed that the Bee Gees would re-form and perform again. Robin died in May 2012 at the age of 62, after a struggle with cancer and other health problems. In December 1957 the boys began to sing in harmony, the story is told that they were going to lip sync to a record in the local Gaumont cinema and as they were running to the theatre, the fragile shellac 78-RPM record broke. The brothers had to sing live and received such a response from the audience that they decided to pursue a singing career. In May 1958 the Rattlesnakes were disbanded when Frost and Horrocks left, with the Gibb brothers then forming Wee Johnny Hayes, in August 1958 the Gibb family, including older sister Lesley and infant brother Andy, emigrated to Redcliffe, just north-east of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia. The young brothers began performing to raise pocket money and they were introduced to leading Brisbane radio DJ Bill Gates by speedway promoter and driver Bill Goode, who had hired the brothers to entertain the crowd at the Redcliffe Speedway in 1960. Gates renamed them the BGs after his, Goodes, and Barry Gibbs initials—thus the name was not specifically a reference to Brothers Gibb, the family relocated to Cribb Island which was later demolished for Brisbane Airport. While there, the brothers went to Northgate State School, by 1960 the Bee Gees were featured on television shows, including their performance of Time Is Passing By. In the next few years they began working regularly at resorts on the Queensland coast, for his songwriting, Barry sparked the interest of Australian star Col Joye, who helped them get a record deal in 1963 with Festival Records subsidiary Leedon Records under the name Bee Gees. The three released two or three singles a year, while Barry supplied additional songs to other Australian artists, in 1962, the Bee Gees were chosen as the supporting act for Chubby Checkers concert at Sydney Stadium. From 1963 to 1966 the Gibb family lived at 171 Bunnerong Road, the house was demolished in 2016. A minor hit in 1965, Wine and Women, led to the groups first LP, The Bee Gees Sing, by 1966 Festival was, however, on the verge of dropping them from the Leedon roster because of their perceived lack of commercial success. It was at time that they met American-born songwriter, producer and entrepreneur, Nat Kipner. Kipner briefly took over as the manager and successfully negotiated their transfer to Spin in exchange for Festival being granted the Australian distribution rights to the groups recordings
3.
Bee Gees' 1st
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Bee Gees 1st is the third studio album by English band Bee Gees, and their first international full-length recording after two albums distributed only in Australia and New Zealand. Bee Gees 1st was the debut album for the UK Polydor label. Bee Gees 1st was released on 14 July 1967 in the UK, on 9 August it entered the UK charts, on that same day, the album was released in the US, and it entered the US charts on 26 August. After its release, the became more self-sufficient, producing and mixing many of their own releases. Reflecting the groups style, Bee Gees 1st was a psychedelic pop album. The album cover was designed by Klaus Voormann who had previously done the cover for Revolver by The Beatles, Bee Gees 1st peaked at No.7 on Billboards Pop Albums chart and at No.8 on the UK Albums Chart. In 2006, Reprise Records reissued the album with both stereo and mono mixes on one disc and a disc of unreleased songs and alternate takes. Drummer Colin Petersen and lead guitarist Vince Melouney, both Australians, were hired to make the Bee Gees into a full band, both played on the first English album and became official members of the group between its completion and release. He had been lead guitarist in top Australian band, Billy Thorpe & the Aztecs, Melouney, who had recently relocated to London heard that the Gibb brothers were in town and made contact. He was asked to them, with Petersen, in the studio and after this album was completed. Most of the recording for the next five years took place at IBC Studios. Robert Stigwood had booked his artists into IBC for years, most recently Cream, the Who, Small Faces and Jimi Hendrix had also recently recorded there. IBC had a recording facility, the standard in Britain at the time. The Bee Gees also recorded at other studios during this first year in England. Recording sessions began on 7 March, with overdubbing a week later, orchestral parts were then added to many of the songs. Some were arranged by Bill Shepherd, who for the six years would act as the Bee Gees arranger and conductor in the studio and on tour. Barry Gibb commented about the process, We drive the producer. We sit about and think up a subject, then write a song on the spot and we did the whole of the LP like this
4.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
5.
Phonograph record
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The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. The phonograph disc record was the medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the cylinder from the late 1880s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed, by the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. The phonograph record has made a resurgence in the early 21st century –9.2 million records were sold in the U. S. in 2014. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014, as of 2017,48 record pressing facilities remain worldwide,18 in the United States and 30 in other countries. The increased popularity of vinyl has led to the investment in new, only two producers of lacquers remains, Apollo Masters in California, USA, and MDC in Japan. Vinyl records may be scratched or warped if stored incorrectly but if they are not exposed to heat or broken. The large cover are valued by collectors and artists for the space given for visual expression, in the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008, along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no evidence that Edisons phonograph was based on Scotts phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a paper tape, with the idea of creating a telephone repeater analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. The tinfoil was wrapped around a metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately, Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device, the wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century. Berliners earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 12.5 cm in diameter, both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality
6.
Baroque pop
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Baroque pop is a pop music subgenre that fuses classical music, orchestral pop, rock, and Baroque music. It is identifiable for its use of melodies, functional harmony patterns. The genre emerged in the 1960s after pop musicians and record producers began placing the harpsichord in the foreground of their arrangements, other typical baroque pop instrumentation includes string sections, French horns, and oboes. Baroque pops mainstream popularity faded by the 1970s, partially because punk rock, disco and hard rock took over, nonetheless, music was still produced within the genres tradition. Philadelphia soul in the 1970s and chamber pop in the 1990s both incorporated the spirit of baroque pop while the latter contested much of the low fidelity musical aesthetic. Baroque pop, stylistically, fuses elements of rock with classical music, often incorporating layered harmonies, strings and its prominent characteristics are the use of contrapuntal melodies and functional harmony patterns. It was intended to be a serious and mature outgrowth of rock music. English baroque is used by journalist Bob Stanley to describe a subset that existed between 1968 and 1973, starting in the 1960s, pop musicians and record producers like Phil Spector and the Beach Boys Brian Wilson began placing the harpsichord in the foreground of their arrangements. Harpsichords were widely available in recording studios, and had used in popular music since as early as the 1940s. One of the first pop hits to use a harpsichord was the Jamies Summertime, Summertime. Later examples range from the Beach Boys I Get Around and When I Grow Up to the Righteous Brothers Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin and the Mamas & the Papas Monday, Monday. The Boston Globes Matthew Guerriri speculates that the harpsichord may have been desirable for its buzzing, stinging timbre, slates Forrest Wickman credits Wilson and the Beatles producer, George Martin, as some of the men most responsible for the move into baroque pop. Along with Burt Bacharach, Spector had melded pop music with classical elements before they were melded with rock, writer Andrew Jackson suggests that the era of baroque pop in which rock melded with classical elements was prefaced by the Rolling Stones and Brian Wilson. The Beatles benefited from the music skills of Martin, who played a baroque harpsichord solo on the song In My Life. Author Joe Harrington noted that after its release, many baroque-rock works would soon appear, producer Tommy LiPuma believed, Once the Beatles featured that harpsichord sound on In My Life, pop producers began working it in. The genre is traced to the United States and the United Kingdom, by early 1966, various groups began using baroque and classical instrumentation, described as a baroque rock movement by Gendron. The Zombies single Shes Not There marked a point for British baroque pop. Stanley explains that the song didnt feature any oboes but stuck out rather dramatically in 1964, Shes Not There would inspire New York musician Michael Brown to form the Left Banke, whose song Walk Away Renée is considered by Stanley to be the first recognizable baroque pop single
7.
Polydor Records
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Polydor is a British record label and company, that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a relationship with Universals Interscope Geffen A&M label. In turn, Polydor distributes Interscope releases in the United Kingdom, Polydor Records Ltd. was established in London in 1954 as a British subsidiary of German company Deutsche Grammophon GmbH. The Polydor label was founded on 2 April 1913 by German Polyphon-Musikwerke AG in Leipzig, during World War I on 24 April 1917, Polyphon-Musikwerke AG acquired the German Deutsche Grammophon-Aktiengesellschaft record plant and company from the German government. The German state was taken over Grammophon and the British holdings as enemies property during World War I, Polydor was originally an independent branch of the Polyphon-Grammophon-Konzern group. It was used as a label since 1924. The British and German branches of the Gramophone Company were so departed during World War I, in turn, Deutsche Grammophon records exported from Germany were released on the Polyphon Musik and Polydor labels. The new foreign branches were founded for example into Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Polydor became a popular music label in 1946, while the new Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft label was to become a classical music label in 1949. The previously used label, Grammophon, was disbanded, DGG gave, with an agreement dated 5 July 1949, an exclusive license from 1 July 1951 to use the Nipper-dog with gramophone to the original owners company Electrola, the German branch of EMI. In 1970, Polydor acquired the Hong Kong-based Diamond Records, which had owned and founded by the local Portuguese merchant Ren da Silva in the late 1950s. In 1972, The Grammophon-Philips Group reorganized to create PolyGram, the Polydor label continued to run as a subsidiary label under the new company. The name PolyGram is a portmanteau of Polydor and PhonoGram, into the 1980s, Polydor continued to do respectable business, in spite of becoming increasingly overshadowed by its PolyGram sister label Mercury Records. Polydor took over management of British Deccas pop catalog, A&R manager Frank Neilson was able to score a major top ten hit in March 1981 for the label with Do The Hucklebuck by Coast to Coast as well as signing Ian Dury and Billy Fury to the company. In 1984, the name was parodied in the rockumentary film This Is Spinal Tap. By the early 1990s, Polydor had begun to underperform, in 1994, as Island Records recovered from its sales slump, PolyGram dissolved most of PLG into it. Meanwhile, Polydor Records and Atlas Records merged, briefly called Polydor/Atlas, in 1995, Polydor/Atlas became simply Polydor Records again. Over the next few years, Polydor tried to keep itself afloat with new artist signings, new releases, in 1998, PolyGram was purchased by Seagram and absorbed into its Universal Music Group. Today, in America, the Polydor Records name and logo is used on reissues of older material from its 1960s and 1970s heyday
8.
Atco Records
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ATCO Records is an American record company and label founded in 1955 as a division of Atlantic Records. It was devised as an outlet for productions by one of Atlantics founders, Herb Abramson and it was also intended as a home for acts that did not fit the format of Atlantic, which was releasing blues, jazz, rhythm and blues, and soul. The Atco name is an abbreviation of ATlantic COrporation, Atco also provided distribution for other labels, including RSO Records, Volt, Island, Modern, Ruthless, and Rolling Stones Records. For most of its history Atco was known for pop music and rock and roll and these included Harry Arnold, Betty Carter, King Curtis, Herb Geller, Roland Hanna, and Helen Merrill. Atcos rock era began with Bobby Darin and The Coasters, in the early 1960s Atlantic began to license material from international sources, leading to instrumental hit singles from Jorgen Ingmann, Acker Bilk and Bent Fabric. Starting in the mid-1960s, Atco moved into rock-and-roll with Sonny and Cher, Buffalo Springfield, Vanilla Fudge, in 1964 Atco released a single in the U. S. by The Beatles, Aint She Sweet, which had been recorded in Hamburg in 1961. With lead vocals by John Lennon, Aint She Sweet reached #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in August 1964, in 1966 Atco released Substitute by The Who. This would be the only Who recording to appear on Atco, although Pete Townshend, Atlantic de-emphasized Atco in the mid-1970s, using the label mostly for hard rock acts and some British and European bands. In the mid-1970s Atco issued early albums from AC/DC, starting in 1978, AC/DC releases were issued on Atlantic until their contract with the label ended in the 1990s. In 1980 Atcos visibility rose with strong performances from Pete Townshends Empty Glass album. The last #1 hit on Atco was If Wishes Came True by Sweet Sensation in 1990, in 1991 Sylvia Rhone merged Atco with Atlantics fledgling EastWest Records America label and briefly operated the combination as Atco–East West Records America. By 1994 the Atco name was dropped and the label continued operating as EastWest Records America, since then the Atco name and logo appeared only on reissues of old material through Elektra. As of mid-2005 its most recent release was the soundtrack of the Bobby Darin biopic Beyond the Sea, in 2006, Warner Music Group reactivated Atco Records in conjunction with Rhino Entertainment. Scarlett Johansson, Keith Sweat, and Art Garfunkel were among the first artists signed to the label, Garfunkel issued Some Enchanted Evening on January 30,2007. Johansson issued Anywhere I Lay My Head on May 20,2008, queensrÿche released its American Soldier album on Atco on March 31,2009. The New York Dolls released its album Cause I Sez So on Atco on May 5,2009, the following is a list of artists who have recorded for Atco Records
9.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
10.
Barry Gibb
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With his brothers, Robin and Maurice Gibb, he formed a songwriting partnership beginning in 1966. They returned to England where they achieved worldwide fame and he is also known for his high-pitched falsetto singing voice. Gibb shares the record with John Lennon and Paul McCartney for consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number ones as a writer with six, guinness World Records lists Gibb as the second most successful songwriter in history behind Paul McCartney. Gibbs career has spanned fifty years. In 1994, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame with his brothers, in 1997, as a member of the Bee Gees, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Barry is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, for services to music, Gibb was appointed Commander in the Order of the British Empire at Buckingham Palace on 27 May 2004. In 2007, Q magazine ranked him number 38 on its list of the 100 Greatest Singers, Barry Alan Crompton Gibb was born in Jane Crookall Maternity Home at 8,45 AM in Douglas, Isle of Man, to Hugh Gibb, a drummer, and Barbara Gibb. He has English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry and he has an older sister, Lesley Evans. He was named Barry Alan Crompton Gibb after his fathers youngest brother Alan, when Gibb was born, his father was busy with his music working at various hotels in Douglas, while his mother stayed at home looking after the children. Later, the Gibbs moved to Chapel House on Strang Road, when he was almost two years old, he was badly burned. His mother had just made tea which she had put on the table, he climbed up and pulled the tea pot down and he was in Nobles Hospital for about two-and-a-half months. Gibb later commented on that incident, Then the gangrene set in, because in those days, the advancement of medicine simply didnt apply to people with bad scalds, so you didnt have skin grafts, you didnt have things like that. But this was a particularly bad scald, and I think I had 20 minutes to live at some point, the incredible thing for me is that whole two years is wiped from my memory, the whole period of being in hospital. The idea of being burnt is in somewhere, but I have no knowledge of it. Ive got the scars but I have no knowledge, in 1949, the Gibb family relocated to 50 St. Catherines Drive. Later that year, on 22 December, his two younger brothers Robin and Maurice were born, when the twins were young, they moved to Smedley Cottage, Spring Valley, also in Douglas. Gibb started school on 4 September 1951, three days after his birthday, attending Braddan school. In 1952, the Gibb family relocated to 43 Snaefell Road, Willaston, the same year, he went to Tynwald Street Infants School
11.
Robin Gibb
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Robin Hugh Gibb CBE was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, who gained worldwide fame as a member of the pop group the Bee Gees. Their younger brother Andy was also a singer, Robin Gibb also had his own successful solo career. Gibb was born on the Isle of Man to English parents, Hugh and Barbara Gibb, the later moved to Manchester before settling in Redcliffe. Gibb began his career as part of the family trio, when the group found their first success, they returned to England where they achieved worldwide fame. In 2002, the Bee Gees were appointed as CBEs for their contribution to music, however, investiture at Buckingham Palace was delayed until 2004. With record sales estimated in excess of 200 million units, the Bee Gees became one of the most successful pop groups of all time. Music historian Paul Gambaccini described Gibb as one of the figures in the history of British music. From 2008 to 2011, Gibb was President of the Heritage Foundation, after a career spanning six decades, Gibb last performed on stage in February 2012 supporting injured British servicemen and women at a charity concert at the London Palladium. On 20 May 2012, Gibb died at the age of 62 from liver, Robin Hugh Gibb was born on 22 December 1949 in Jane Crookall Maternity Home in Douglas, Isle of Man, to Hugh and Barbara Gibb. He was the twin of Maurice Gibb and was the older of the two by 35 minutes. Apart from Maurice, he had one sister, Lesley Evans, as children in Manchester, Gibb and his brothers began committing petty crimes such as arson. In 1953, the Gibbs watched the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on the television and their neighbour in Willaston, Isle of Man, Marie Beck was the friend of his mother and her sister Peggy. Little did I realise he meant it, in 1955, when the Gibbs moved back to their home town of Manchester, the Gibb brothers formed The Rattlesnakes. In May 1958, it was disbanded as Frost and Horrocks left, and the changed to Wee Johnny Hayes. In August 1958, the travelled to Australia on the same ship as Australian musician Red Symons. The name was changed to Bee Gees, when they lived in Queensland. The Bee Gees debut television appearance was in 1960 on Desmond Testers Strictly for Moderns when they performed Time Is Passing By, when they signed to Festival Records at the start of 1963 they released their debut single, The Battle of the Blue and the Grey. Their 1964 single Claustrophobia is notable for being the first song that features Gibb as an instrumentalist playing melodica, the first Bee Gees record on which he sang lead was I Dont Think Its Funny in 1965
12.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
13.
New York Mining Disaster 1941
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New York Mining Disaster 1941 is the debut American single by the British pop group the Bee Gees, released on 14 April 1967. It was written by Barry and Robin Gibb and it was produced by Ossie Byrne with their manager Robert Stigwood as executive producer. The song was the first track of two on the groups international debut album, Bee Gees 1st. This was the first single with Australian drummer Colin Petersen as a member of the band. On 3 January 1967, the Gibb brothers with their parents and Byrne set sail for England, aboard the ship Fairsky, the brothers performed on board in exchange for passage. Later, the Gibb brothers auditioned for Stigwood, they passed, New York Mining Disaster 1941 was their first song that was written in 1967. Kramers version was recorded on 4 March 1967 in IBC Studios, London, Barry and Robin Gibb wrote the song while sitting on a darkened staircase at Polydor Records following a power cut. The echo of the passing lift inspired them to imagine that they were trapped in a mine, the song recounts the story of a miner trapped in a cave-in. He is sharing a photo of his wife with a colleague while they wait to be rescued. According to the notes for their box-set Tales from the Brothers Gibb. According to Robin, there actually had also been a disaster in New York in 1939. In the second and third verses, the lines get slower and slower. On the second chorus, the drums get louder, on the second verse, when Robin sings the line I keep straining my ears to hear a sound, a violin was featured in response on Robins line. On 7 March, the Bee Gees recorded New York Mining Disaster 1941 in six takes, the orchestra and some other parts were added on 13 March. New York Mining Disaster 1941 was done first, and it may have already been nominated as the first single on the strength of the Polydor demo, Barry said, Its Hawaiian tuning, there they play the same way I do. I got a guitar for my birthday and the guy who lived across the road from us just came back from Hawaii and he was the one who taught me that tuning, thats how it started. Barry was using the open D tuning hed been taught when he was nine, people went crazy trying to figure out why they couldnt copy it. Robin Gibb recalled to The Mail on Sunday on November 1,2009, We recorded this at Londons IBC studio because it was dark, the result was a very lonely sound
14.
Massachusetts (Bee Gees song)
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Massachusetts is a song by the Bee Gees, released in 1967. Written by Barry, Robin & Maurice Gibb, Robin Gibb sang lead vocals on this song and it would become one of his staple songs to perform during concerts on both Bee Gees and his solo concerts. It later appeared on their 1968 album, Horizontal, when the brothers wrote the song, they had never been to Massachusetts. In a UK television special on ITV in December 2011, it was voted third in The Nations Favourite Bee Gees Song, the song was written in the Regis Hotel, New York City during a tour of the United States. The idea of the lights having gone out in Massachusetts was to suggest that everyone had gone to San Francisco, there are two different memories, Robin remembers us doing it in a boat going around New York City. And I remember us checking in at the St. Regis with Robert, going to the suite, I think we were strumming basically the whole thing, and then I think we went on a boat round New York. I dont know if we finished it, but I think thats where the memories collide, all three of us were there when the song was born. The song was intended for The Seekers. Upon arriving in London from Australia the Bee Gees had been unsuccessful in getting the song to the group, the Bee Gees had never actually been to Massachusetts when they recorded this, they just liked the sound of the name. It only works with British names if you do it as a folk song, roger Whittaker did that with Durham Town. The day it went to one it was Bonfire Night. Forty-nine people died and it was one of Britains worst rail disasters, I remember sitting at the side of the carriage, watching the rain pour down, fireworks go off and blue lights of the ambulances whirring. It was like something out of a Spielberg film, I thought, at least there is one consolation, we have our first UK number one. Massachusetts was recorded on August 9,1967 along with Sir Geoffrey Saved the World at the IBC Studios in London, Barry feels Bill Shepherds orchestral score is perhaps the arrangers finest, We never expected him to do that. Sometimes we would sing what we would the strings doing, but in this case he did that himself, and I thought it was great. Massachusetts was our first #1 in England, before the release of this song, Australians Colin Petersen and Vince Melouney were facing deportation, and it appeared that they might have to leave the band as a result. On 12 August, British fans staged a protest on behalf of the musicians at the cottage of Prime Minister Harold Wilson, three days later Bee Gees fan Deirdre Meehan chained and handcuffed herself to Buckingham Palace to protest the possible deportation. Ultimately, the musicians were allowed to stay, when it was released in England, the title was Massachusetts but the subtitle was later dropped
15.
Holiday (Bee Gees song)
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Holiday is a song released by the Bee Gees. It was not released as a single in their native United Kingdom as Polydor UK released the single World from their next album Horizontal and it appeared on the album Bee Gees 1st. The song was featured in the Korean films Nowhere to Hide. One of the robots sung this song in the Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode Mitchell, the song is composed primarily in a minor key with a strong orchestral presence. Brothers Barry and Robin Gibb who also wrote the song share lead vocals, the song was recorded during the same session as To Love Somebody around April 1967. The songs flipside was Every Christian Lion Hearted Man Will Show You in the US, Canada and Australia but Red Chair, the songs music video, consisted of footage of the band enjoying traveling a city bus in Paris. Their footage visiting Paris is also used as the video for Words. Another promotional film, filmed in black and white, featured the group performing the song. Evidence of this can be seen in a 1989 One for all Tour concert video where Maurice takes a camera from a film cameraman standing nearby and films Barry, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
16.
RSO Records
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RSO Records was a record label formed by rock and roll and musical theatre impresario Robert Stigwood in 1973. The RSO stands for the Robert Stigwood Organisation, the companys main headquarters were at 67 Brook Street, in Londons Mayfair. The release of the two albums made RSO one of the most financially successful labels of the 1970s. As successful as the label was financially, the independent label produced successes on the pop charts never before seen by the recording industry. By one point in 1978, the label boasted an unprecedented sixth consecutive number-one single on the Billboard pop charts, holding the top spot for 21 consecutive weeks. With singles releases from the Grease album and another huge Andy Gibb smash, RSO would log a further 10 weeks at the number 1 position and this feat remains unduplicated by any record label to date. It also released a single that summer by Paul Jones. As well as the label was operating in 1978, the commercial and critical failure of RSOs movie version of Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band crippled the company, the woes of this failure were only somewhat offset by the middle of 1979, as the Bee Gees album Spirits Having Flown went on to eventually sell nearly 20 million copies. In 1980, the labels most famous act, the Bee Gees, the lawsuit was subsequently settled for an undisclosed amount, and after a public reconciliation, the band remained with the label until its dissolution. By 1981, Stigwood had ended his involvement with the label, all previous RSO releases were later re-released under Polydors label
17.
How Can You Mend a Broken Heart
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How Can You Mend a Broken Heart is a song released by the Bee Gees in 1971. It was written mainly by Barry and Robin Gibb and it was the lead and first single on the groups 1971 album Trafalgar. The B-side, a Maurice Gibb composition Country Woman and it was their first US No.1 single. The song also reached #1 in Cashbox magazine for two weeks, the song is also in the 2013 film American Hustle and on its soundtrack. In the US Atco Records issued both mono and stereo versions of the song on side as a promo single. Barry and Robin Gibb wrote the song in August 1970 with Lonely Days when the Gibb brothers had reconvened following a period of break-up and alienation. Robin came to my place says Barry, and that afternoon we wrote How Can You Mend a Broken Heart and they originally offered the song to Andy Williams, but ended up recording it themselves. Barry also explains, We might imitate a certain group, later on, Maurice Gibb possibly had a hand in the writing of How Can You Mend A Broken Heart although the song is officially credited to Barry and Robin Gibb. The song was recorded on 28 January 1971 in London same day as We Lost the Road, When Do I, If I Were the Sky, Bring Out the Thoughts in Me, the groups later song My World followed along the same musical ideas on this song. Robin Gibbs remarked on the song, The whole thing took about an hour to complete, the song reached the number one spot, to our great satisfaction. Although failing to chart on the UK Singles Chart, the became the Bee Gees first US number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Billboard ranked this as the No.5 song for 1971, in Spain, this single was released under the title Cómo Puedes Arreglar Un Corazón Destrozada. The song was performed for the first time in 1971 and that performance is notable for drummer Geoff Bridgfords first appearance with the band. Following the release of How Can You Mend a Broken Heart, the song was performed as part of a medley in The Midnight Special in 1975. They performed the song in Japan on the Japanese TV special Love Sounds as well as the Mr. Natural tour in 1974. A live version recorded live in 17–18 Nov 1989 at the National Tennis Centre, Melbourne, Australia was used for the benefit album Nobodys Child, in 1997-1999, it was performed on the One Night Only tour in its entirety as part of a medley. The song was last performed by the Bee Gees in 2001,1972, Al Green covered the track on his album Lets Stay Together, which also made the soundtrack to 1997s Good Will Hunting, 1999s The Virgin Suicides, 1999s Notting Hill and 2010s The Book of Eli. Greens version was released as a single in France on Cream Records, in 2008, Greens version was remade into a duet with Joss Stone for the soundtrack to the film adaptation of Sex and the City, with her vocals overdubbed onto the track
18.
NME
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New Musical Express is a British music journalism magazine published since 1952. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. It started as a newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 1990s. An online version of NME, NME. com, was launched in 1996 and it became the worlds biggest standalone music site, with over seven million users per month. With newsstand sales falling across the UK magazine sector, the paid circulation in the first half of 2014 was 15,830. In 2013, the list of NMEs The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, NME magazine was relaunched in September 2015 as a nationally distributed free publication. NMEs headquarters are in Southwark, London, England, the brands editor-in-chief is Mike Williams, who replaced Krissi Murison in 2012. The paper was established in 1952, the Accordion Times and Musical Express was bought by London music promoter Maurice Kinn, for the sum of £1,000, just 15 minutes before it was due to be officially closed. It was relaunched as the New Musical Express, and was published in a non-glossy tabloid format on standard newsprint. On 14 November 1952, taking its cue from the US magazine Billboard, it created the first UK Singles Chart, the first of these was, in contrast to more recent charts, a top twelve sourced by the magazine itself from sales in regional stores around the UK. The first number one was Here in My Heart by Al Martino, during the 1960s the paper championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The NME circulation peaked under Andy Gray, Editor 1957–1972, with a figure of 306,881 for the period from January to June 1964, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were frequently featured on the front cover. These and other artists appeared at the NME Poll Winners Concert. The concert also featured a ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. The NME Poll Winners Concerts took place between 1959 and 1972, from 1964 onwards they were filmed, edited and transmitted on British television a few weeks after they had taken place. The latter part of the 1960s saw the chart the rise of psychedelia. During this period some sections of pop music began to be designated as rock, in early 1972 the paper found itself on the verge of closure by its owner IPC. Alan Smith was made editor and in 1972 was told by IPC to turn things around quickly or face closure, according to The Economist, the New Musical Express started to champion underground, up-and-coming music. NME became the gateway to a more rebellious world
19.
Piers Morgan's Life Stories
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Piers Morgans Life Stories, also known as Life Stories, is a British television chat show on ITV, presented by journalist Piers Morgan. Recorded in front of an audience, each episode is devoted to one celebrity guest. Episodes are filmed at The London Studios, although episodes were made at Teddington Studios. From 2011 onwards, Morgan taped all of the episodes in advance before the series began, three special episodes with Sir Cliff Richard, Lord Andrew Lloyd Webber and Lord Alan Sugar have aired. Piers Morgans Life Stories at itv. com Piers Morgans Life Stories at the Internet Movie Database Piers Morgans Life Stories at TV. com Piers Morgans official website
20.
Nina Simone
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Nina Simone was an American singer, songwriter, pianist, arranger, and activist in the Civil Rights Movement. Simone employed a range of musical styles including classical, jazz, blues, folk, R&B, gospel. Born in North Carolina, the child of a preacher. With the help of the few supporters in her hometown of Tryon, North Carolina, Waymon then applied for a scholarship to study at the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, where she was denied despite a well-received audition. Waymon became fully convinced this rejection had been due to her race. Years later, two days before her death, the Curtis Institute of Music bestowed on her an honorary degree, to make a living, Eunice Waymon changed her name to Nina Simone. The change related to her need to disguise herself from family members and she was told in the nightclub that she would have to sing to her own accompaniment, and this effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist. Simone recorded more than forty albums, mostly between 1958, when she made her debut with Little Girl Blue, and 1974, and had a hit in the United States in 1958 with I Loves You, Porgy. Simones musical style fused gospel and pop with music, in particular Johann Sebastian Bach. Simone was born Eunice Kathleen Waymon in North Carolina and raised in Tryon, the sixth of eight children in a poor family, she began playing piano at age three, the first song she learned was God Be With You, Till We Meet Again. Demonstrating a talent with the instrument, she performed at her local church, but her concert debut, a classical recital, was given when she was 12. Simone later said that during this performance, her parents, who had taken seats in the front row, were forced to move to the back of the hall to make way for white people. She said that she refused to play until her parents were moved back to the front, Simones mother, Mary Kate Waymon, was a Methodist minister and a housemaid. Simones father, John Divine Waymon, was a handyman who at one time owned a dry cleaning business, Simones music teacher helped establish a special fund to pay for her education. Subsequently, a fund was set up to assist her continued education. With the help of this scholarship money she was able to attend Allen High School for Girls in Asheville, North Carolina. After her graduation, Simone spent the summer of 1950 at the Juilliard School, as a student of Carl Friedberg, discouraged, she took private piano lessons with Vladimir Sokoloff, a professor at Curtis, but never re-applied to the institution. She took a job as an assistant, but also found work as an accompanist at Arlene Smiths vocal studio
21.
Janis Joplin
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She died of an accidental drug overdose in 1970, aged 27, after releasing three albums. A fourth album, Pearl, was released a more than three months after her death, reaching number 1 on the charts. Joplin rose to fame in 1967 during an appearance at Monterey Pop Festival, as the singer of the then little-known San Francisco psychedelic rock band Big Brother. After releasing two albums with the band, she left Big Brother to continue as a solo artist with her own backing groups, first the Kozmic Blues Band and she appeared at the Woodstock festival and the Festival Express train tour. Five singles by Joplin went into the Billboard Top 100, including Me and Bobby McGee, which reached number 1 in March 1971. Her most popular include, Piece of My Heart, Cry Baby, Down on Me, Ball n Chain, Summertime, Maybe, and Mercedes Benz. Joplin, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, was known for her performing ability. Audiences and critics alike referred to her presence as electric. Rolling Stone ranked Joplin number 46 on its 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and she remains one of the top-selling musicians in the United States, with Recording Industry Association of America certifications of 15.5 million albums sold in the USA. Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on January 19,1943, to Dorothy Bonita East, a registrar at a college, and her husband, Seth Ward Joplin. She had two siblings, Michael and Laura. The family attended the Church of Christ, the Joplins felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children. Primarily a painter while still in school, she first began singing blues and she attended Thomas Jefferson High School, where she was a classmate of Super Bowl winning American football coach Jimmy Johnson. She stated while in school, that she was mostly shunned. Joplin was quoted as saying, I was a misfit, I read, I painted, I thought. As a teen, she became overweight, and her skin broke out so badly she was left deep scars that required dermabrasion. Other kids at school would routinely taunt her and call her names like pig, freak, nigger lover. The campus newspaper, The Daily Texan, ran a profile of her in the issue dated July 27,1962, while at UT she performed with a folk trio called the Waller Creek Boys and frequently socialized with the staff of the campus humor magazine The Texas Ranger
22.
Roberta Flack
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Roberta Cleopatra Flack is an American singer and musician. Flack lived with a family, born in Black Mountain, North Carolina to parents Laron LeRoy and Irene Flack a church organist, on February 10,1939 and raised in Arlington. Her interests in performing were inspired when she discovered the work of Mahalia Jackson, when Flack was nine, she started taking an interest in playing the piano, and during her early teens, Flack so excelled at classical piano that Howard University awarded her a full music scholarship. By age 15, she entered Howard University, making her one of the youngest students ever to enroll there and she eventually changed her major from piano to voice, and became an assistant conductor of the university choir. Her direction of a production of Aida received an ovation from the Howard University faculty. Flack is a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority and was made a member of Tau Beta Sigma by the Eta Delta Chapter at Howard University for her outstanding work in promoting music education. Roberta Flack became a student teacher at a school near Chevy Chase, before becoming a professional singer-songwriter, Flack returned to Washington, D. C. and taught at Browne Junior High and Rabaut Junior High. She also taught piano lessons out of her home on Euclid St. NW. During this period, her career began to take shape on evenings and weekends in Washington. At the Tivoli Club, she accompanied opera singers at the piano, during intermissions, she would sing blues, folk, and pop standards in a back room, accompanying herself on the piano. Later, she performed several nights a week at the 1520 Club, around this time, her voice teacher, Frederick Wilkie Wilkerson, told her that he saw a brighter future for her in pop music than in the classics. She modified her repertoire accordingly and her reputation spread, Flack began singing professionally after being hired to perform regularly at Mr. Henrys Restaurant, on Capitol Hill, Washington, DC in 1968. Mr. Henry’s was owned by Henry Yaffe and it is still in operation at 6th and Pennsylvania Ave, SE. The atmosphere in Mr. Henry’s was welcoming and the club turned into a showcase for the music teacher. Her voice mesmerized locals and word spread, a-list entertainers who were appearing in town would come in late at night to hear her sing. As Yaffe recalled, “She told me if I could give her work there three nights a week, she would quit teaching. ”To meet Roberta’s exacting standards, Yaffe transformed the apartment above the bar into the Roberta Flack Room. “I got the oak paneling from the old Dodge Hotel near Union Station, I put in heavy upholstered chairs, sort of a conservative style from the 50s and an acoustical system designed especially for Roberta. Les McCann discovered Flack singing and playing jazz in a Washington nightclub and he later said on the liner notes of what would be her first album First Take noted below, Her voice touched, tapped, trapped, and kicked every emotion Ive ever known
23.
Jimmy Somerville
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James William Jimmy Somerville is a Scottish pop singer and songwriter. He sang in the 1980s with the pop groups Bronski Beat and The Communards and he is known in particular for his falsetto singing voice. In 1983, Somerville co-founded the synthpop group Bronski Beat, which proceeded to have hits in the British charts. Their biggest hit was Smalltown Boy which reached No.3 in the UK charts, in the music video Somerville played the songs titular character who leaves his hostile hometown for the friendlier city. This was a reflection of Somervilles own experience when he came to London in about 1980, Somerville left Bronski Beat in 1985 and formed The Communards with classically trained pianist Richard Coles. He also sang backing vocals on the Fine Young Cannibals version of Suspicious Minds, the Communards split in 1988 and Somerville began a solo career the following year. A duet with June Miles-Kingston, which reached number 14 in the UK Singles chart and he also sang on the second Band Aid project at the end of 1989. In November 1990, Somervilles greatest hits album The Singles Collection 1984–1990 was released and reached number 4 on the UK Album Chart and it included a cover of the Bee Gees hit song To Love Somebody, which also reached the UK Top 10. In 1991 Somerville provided backing vocals to a track called Why Arent You in Love With Me. from the album Ripe by Communards offshoot band Banderas, the Banderas duo, Caroline Buckley and Sally Herbert, had previously been part of Somervilles backing band. After this, he disappeared from the limelight for several years, a new single, Dark Sky, was released in 1997 and peaked at No.66 in the UK. His third album, entitled Manage The Damage, was released in 1999 via Gut Records, a companion remix album, Root Beer, came out in 2000. His dance-orientated fourth solo album, Home Again, was released in 2004, may 2009 saw the release of Somervilles Suddenly Last Summer album, which contained acoustic interpretations of other peoples songs. The album was only available as a digital download but in May 2010 was made available in a limited edition CD/DVD in the UK. In late 2010, Somerville released a dance EP called Bright Thing, 2010s EP Bright Thing was the first of a series of three, with Somerville releasing Momentum in 2011 and Solent in 2012, with long term collaborator John Winfield. September 2014 saw the release of new single Back to Me followed by Travesty, the emphasis on the recording of the new album has been on achieving the musical authenticity of original disco which Somerville grew up listening to. He stated Ive finally made the disco album I always wanted to and never thought I could
24.
Michael Bolton
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Michael Bolotin, known professionally as Michael Bolton, is an American singer and songwriter. Bolton originally performed in the rock and heavy metal genres from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. He became better known for his series of pop rock ballads, Bolton was born Michael Bolotin in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of Helen and George Bolotin. He has a brother, Orrin, and a sister, Sandra and his family was Jewish, and all of his grandparents had been immigrants from Russia. His parents were divorced when he was very young and this first album was self-titled using his original family name of Bolotin. Early in his career he focused on hard rock, with his band Blackjack once opening for heavy metal artist Ozzy Osbourne on tour. Indeed, in 1983, Bolton auditioned for, but was denied, narrowly missing the Top 10 on the US pop chart, Branigan took the song to number one on the Adult Contemporary chart for three weeks in 1983. The two sought to work each other again, and their next collaboration was when Bolton co-wrote I Found Someone for Branigan in 1985. Her version was only a hit, but two years later, Cher resurrected the song, and with it her own singing career. Bolton co-wrote several other songs for both singers, Bolton would achieve his greatest success in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a singer on the adult contemporary/easy listening charts. One of his first major hits was his 1987 interpretation of the Otis Redding classic the Dock of the Bay, reddings widow, Zelma Redding, said she was so moved by Boltons performance that it brought tears to my eyes. It reminded me so much of my husband that I know if he heard it, always interested in soul and Motown classics, Boltons success with that song encouraged him to tackle the standard Georgia on My Mind, with which he had another hit. In 1991, Bolton released the album Time, Love & Tenderness which featured his Grammy Award-winning cover version of When a Man Loves a Woman, as a songwriter, he has written and collaborated on several songs for other artists as well. Boltons last Top 40 single in the US in his own right was the 1997 hit Go the Distance and he hired conductor Larry Baird for his 2001 tour. In 2006, Bolton and his then fiancee Nicollette Sheridan sang a duet, The Second Time Around, in March 2007, Bolton toured South Africa for the first time. He was the act at Jacaranda 94.2 FMs two-day concert. For Over the Rainbow, an album which was recorded in five days, Bolton recorded the song New York, New York and this was for an episode of the TV series, Challenge Anneka. The proceeds from the album went to childrens hospices across the UK, Bolton performed a duet entitled Il Mio Amico with the Italian singer Anna Tatangelo at the Sanremo Music Festival 2008
25.
Billy Corgan
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Formed by Corgan and guitarist James Iha in Chicago, Illinois, in 1988, the band quickly gained steam with the addition of bassist Darcy Wretzky and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin. Strong album sales and large-scale tours propelled the bands increasing fame in the 1990s until their break-up in 2000. Corgan started a new band called Zwan, and after their demise, he released a solo album. The new version of Smashing Pumpkins, consisting of Corgan and a lineup, has released and toured new albums extensively since the 2007 reunion album. In 2011, Corgan entered the world of wrestling, founding Chicago-based indie professional wrestling promotion Resistance Pro Wrestling. He later joined Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in 2015, becoming its president in August 2016, on November 2,2016, he left TNA due to lawsuits which he had filed with the company stating gross misconduct as the reason. Corgan was born in Elk Grove Village, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, as the oldest son of William Corgan Sr. a blues/rock guitarist and his parents had one more son, Ricky, before divorcing in 1970. His father was remarried to a flight attendant, and Corgan and his brother went to live with them in Glendale Heights. During this time, Corgan alleges he was subject to physical and emotional abuse by his stepmother. Corgan also developed a bond with his younger paternal half-brother. When Corgans father and stepmother separated, all three boys would live alone with the stepmother, with both of Corgans birth parents living separately within an hours drive, Corgan, who grew much faster than his fellow students, was a strong athlete in elementary school. In addition to being a member of his Marquardt Middle School baseball team, he collected baseball cards, however, by the time he began attending Glenbard North High School in Carol Stream, Illinois, he had become only an average athlete. He decided to start playing guitar when he went over to a house and saw his friends Flying V. Corgan gave his savings to his father. Corgan, Sr. steered his son stylistically, encouraging him to listen to Jeff Beck and Jimi Hendrix, but offered little support. His musical interests in his formative years included hard rock like Guts-era John Cale, heavy metal pioneers Black Sabbath, and mainstream rock like Queen, Boston, ELO, Rush, in high school, Corgan discovered alternative rock through Bauhaus and The Cure. Corgan performed in a string of bands in school. Despite grant and scholarship offers from a number of schools, not finding the Chicago music scene to his liking, he moved from Chicago to St. Petersburg, Florida in 1985 with his first major band, The Marked. Not finding success in St. Petersburg, the band dissolved, Corgan performed with Wayne Static in Statics first band Deep Blue Dream, in 1987/88
26.
Rod Stewart
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Sir Roderick David Rod Stewart, CBE is a British rock singer and songwriter. Born and raised in London, he is of Scottish and English ancestry, Stewart is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold over 100 million records worldwide. He has had six number one albums in the UK and his tally of 62 UK hit singles includes 31 that reached the top ten. Stewart has had 16 top ten singles in the US, with four reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and he was knighted in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to music and charity. In October 1963, he joined the Dimensions as a harmonica player, in 1964, Stewart joined Long John Baldry and the All Stars, and in August, Stewart signed a solo contract, releasing his first single, Good Morning Little Schoolgirl, in October. He maintained a career alongside a group career, releasing his debut solo album. Stewarts early albums were a fusion of rock, folk music, soul music, in 2008, Billboard magazine ranked him the 17th most successful artist on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists. A Grammy and Brit Award recipient, he was voted at #33 in Q Magazines list of the Top 100 Greatest Singers of all time, and #59 on Rolling Stone 100 Greatest Singers of all time. Roderick David Stewart was born at 507 Archway Road, Highgate, North London on 10 January 1945 and his father was Scottish and had been a master builder in Leith, Edinburgh, while Elsie was English and had grown up in Upper Holloway in North London. Married in 1928, the couple had two sons and two daughters living in Scotland, and then they moved to Highgate. Stewart came after a gap following his youngest sibling, he was born at home during World War II. The family was neither affluent nor poor, Stewart was spoiled as the youngest and he had an undistinguished record at Highgate Primary School and failed the eleven plus exam. He then attended the William Grimshaw Secondary Modern School, Muswell Hill and his father retired from the building trade at age 65, buying a newsagents shop on the Archway Road when Stewart was in his early teens, the family lived over the shop. Stewarts main hobby was railway modelling, Stewart was the most talented footballer in the family and was a strong supporter of Arsenal F. C. at the time. Combining natural athleticism with near-reckless aggression, he became captain of the football team. The family were great fans of the singer Al Jolson and would sing. Stewart collected his records and saw his films, read books about him and his introduction to rock and roll was hearing Little Richards 1956 hit The Girl Cant Help It, and seeing Bill Haley & His Comets in concert. In 1960, he joined a group with schoolfriends called the Kool Kats, playing Lonnie Donegan
27.
Hank Williams Jr.
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Randall Hank Williams, known professionally as Hank Williams Jr. is an American singer, songwriter and musician. His musical style is considered a blend of Southern rock, blues. He is the son of country music singer Hank Williams and the father of Hank Williams III, Holly Williams, Hilary Williams, Samuel Williams. Williams began his career by following in his fathers footsteps, singing his fathers songs. Williams own style evolved as he struggled to find his own voice and place within the country music industry. This trend was interrupted by a fall off the side of Ajax Peak in Montana on August 8,1975. After an extended recovery, he challenged the country music establishment with a blend of country, rock, Williams enjoyed much success in the 1980s, from which he earned considerable recognition and popularity both inside and outside the country music industry. As a multi-instrumentalist, Williams repertoire of skills include guitar, bass guitar, upright bass, steel guitar, banjo, dobro, piano, keyboards, harmonica, fiddle, and drums. From 1989 until October 2011, a version of his song All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight was used as the opening for broadcasts of Monday Night Football, Williams was born on May 26,1949 in Shreveport, Louisiana. After his fathers death in 1953, he was raised by his mother, while he was a child, a number of contemporary musicians visited his family, who influenced and taught him various music instruments and styles. Among these figures of influence were Johnny Cash, Fats Domino, Earl Scruggs, Lightnin Hopkins, Williams first stepped on the stage and sang his fathers songs when he was eight years old. In 1964, he made his debut with Long Gone Lonesome Blues. Williams provided the voice of his father in the 1964 film Your Cheatin Heart. He also recorded an album of duets with recordings of his father, by the mid-1970s Williams began to pursue a musical direction that would eventually make him a superstar. While recording a series of successful songs, Williams began a heavy pattern of both drug and alcohol abuse. Hank Williams Jr. and Friends, often considered his watershed album was the product of these then-groundbreaking collaborations, in 1977 Williams recorded and released One Night Stands and The New South, and worked closely with his old friend Waylon Jennings on the song Once and For All. On August 8,1975 Williams was nearly killed in a mountain-climbing accident, while he was climbing Ajax Peak in Montana, the snow beneath him collapsed and he fell almost 500 feet onto rock. He suffered multiple skull and facial fractures, the incident was chronicled in the semi-autobiographical, made-for-television film Living Proof, The Hank Williams Jr. Story
28.
Sam & Dave
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Sam & Dave were an American soul and R&B duo who performed together from 1961 until 1981. The tenor voice was Sam Moore and the voice was Dave Prater. According to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Sam & Dave were the most successful soul duo and brought the sounds of the black gospel church to pop music with their call-and-response records. Except for Aretha Franklin, no soul act during Sam & Daves Stax years had more consistent R&B chart success, Soul Man was featured as the soundtrack and title for a 1986 film and also a 1997–1998 television series, and Soul Men was a 2008 feature film. Nicknamed Double Dynamite, The Sultans of Sweat, and The Dynamic Duo for their gritty, gospel-infused performances, Sam & Dave are considered one of the greatest live acts of the 1960s. Sam Moore and Dave Praters early musical backgrounds involved listening to and singing gospel music in their homes and churches, Dave later sang with his older brother JT Prater in the gospel group The Sensational Hummingbirds, who recorded Lord Teach Me in the 1950s. Sam recorded Nitey-Nite/Caveman Rock in 1954 with the doo-wop group The Majestics, Moore and Prater listed Jackie Wilson and Sam Cooke as influences on their styles, and Moore was also influenced by Little Willie John, whom he and Dave opened for often in the early 1960s. Sam & Dave met working the gospel circuit, and later in small clubs in Miami during amateur nights in 1961 according to Dave. They sang together one night at the King of Hearts club, Soul singer and record producer Steve Alaimo discovered them while performing during the same show with them at the King of Hearts nightclub in Miami and signed them to Marlin Records. After two singles in early 1962 were released on the local Marlin label owned by Miamis Henry Stone, Stone helped sign them to Roulette Records in New York City and they released six 45s from 1962–1964 with Roulette, and one single on Stone and Alaimos Alston Label. A few of the singles received airplay, but did not achieve national chart success. The songs, some of which were produced by Steve Alaimo and some of which were produced by Henry Glover, were similar in ways to R&B recordings by Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson. Prater was the lead vocalist on most of singles, with Moore singing harmony. In summer 1964, Stone introduced the duo to Atlantic Records Jerry Wexler, Wexler asked Memphis, Tennessee-based Stax Records, which Atlantic distributed nationally, to work with Sam & Dave. Wexler wanted the Southern roots and gospel style of their performances, so the pair were loaned to Stax to record. According to Wexlers autobiography Rhythms & Blues, Their live act was filled with animation, harmony, I put Sam in the sweet tradition of Sam Cooke or Solomon Burke, while Dave had an ominous Four Tops Levi Stubbs-sounding voice, the preacher promising hellfire. The duo then moved to relative newcomer writers and producers Isaac Hayes, Hayes and Porter wrote and produced the duos biggest hits. Sam & Daves Stax records also benefited from the musicians and engineering at Stax, the Stax house band, Booker T. & the M. G
29.
The Rascals
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The Rascals were an American rock band, formed in Garfield, New Jersey in 1965. and A Beautiful Morning, plus another critical favorite A Girl Like You. The band were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, the Rascals were inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2010 and also reunited in 2012 for a series of shows in New York and New Jersey. The reunion continued on in 2013 with shows on Broadway, Eddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere, Gene Cornish and Dino Danelli started the band in Brigati and Danellis hometown of Garfield, New Jersey. Brigati, Cavaliere, and Cornish had previously been members of Joey Dee, Eddies brother, David Brigati, an original Starliter, helped arrange the vocal harmonies and sang backgrounds on many of the groups recordings. When Atlantic Records signed them, they discovered another group, Borrah Minnevitchs and Johnny Puleos Harmonica Rascals. To avoid conflict, manager Sid Bernstein decided to rename the group The Young Rascals, the Young Rascals first television performance was on the program Hullabaloo on 27 February 1965 where they performed their debut single I Aint Gonna Eat Out My Heart Anymore. The track reached #23 in Canada and touched the lower reaches of the US charts and this modest success was followed by the US/Canada #1 single Good Lovin. The bands songwriting team of Eddie Brigati and Cavaliere then began providing most of their songs, and their immediate follow-ups to Good Lovin, including You Better Run and Come On Up were only modest hits. Lonely Too Long did better, and Groovin returned them to the top of the charts and they reeled off a succession of top 20 US hits, including A Girl Like You, How Can I Be Sure, Its Wonderful, and A Beautiful Morning. The band were popular in Canada where A Girl Like You. But they struggled in the UK, where they twice reached the top 75, with Groovin. The band would bill themselves as the Young Rascals for the last time with the release of Its Wonderful. Bruce Eder, writing for AllMusic, rates the bands 1967 album Groovin as their best, noting the records soulful core and innovative use of jazz and Latin instrumental arrangements. 1968s Once Upon A Dream was the first Rascals album designed from conception as an album, rather than as a vehicle to package their singles. Once Upon a Dream, which peaked at #9 on the charts, contained the single Its Wonderful plus many other strong songs, including Easy Rollin, Rainy Day, My World. Perhaps understandably, the albums song My Hawaii became a top of the hit in Hawaii. Time Peace, The Rascals Greatest Hits, released in mid-1968, topped the U. S. album chart and it was also their final U. S. Top Ten hit, although remained a Canadian top 10 act for the next few years
30.
Otis Redding
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Otis Ray Redding, Jr. was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, arranger, and talent scout. He is considered one of the greatest singers in the history of American popular music and his singing style influenced many other soul artists of the 1960s. During his lifetime, his recordings were produced by Stax Records, based in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1958, he joined Johnny Jenkinss band, the Pinetoppers, with whom he toured the Southern states as a singer and driver. An unscheduled appearance on a Stax recording session led to a contract and his first single, These Arms of Mine, Stax released Reddings debut album, Pain in My Heart, two years later. Initially popular mainly with African-Americans, Redding later reached a wider American pop music audience, along with his group, he first played small gigs in the American South. He later performed at the popular Los Angeles night club Whisky a Go Go and toured Europe, performing in London, Paris and he also performed at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. Shortly before his death in a crash, Redding wrote. The song became the first posthumous number-one record on both the Billboard Hot 100 and R&B charts, the album The Dock of the Bay was the first posthumous album to reach number one on the UK Albums Chart. Already on the verge of bankruptcy, the label soon discovered that Atlantic Records owned the rights to his song catalog. Redding received many accolades, including the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In addition to The Dock of the Bay, Respect and Try a Little Tenderness are among his best-known songs, Redding was born in Dawson, Georgia, the fourth of six children, and the first son, of Otis Redding, Sr. and Fannie Mae Redding. Redding senior was a sharecropper and then worked at Robins Air Force Base, near Macon, when Otis was three the family moved to Tindall Heights, a predominantly African-American public housing project in Macon. At an early age, Redding sang in the Vineville Baptist Church choir and learned guitar, from age 10, he took drum and singing lessons. At Ballard-Hudson High School, he sang in the school band, every Sunday he earned $6 by performing gospel songs for Macon radio station WIBB. His passion was singing, and he often cited Little Richard, Redding said that he would not be here without Little Richard and that he entered the music business because of Richard – he is my inspiration. I used to sing like Little Richard, his Rock n Roll stuff and my present music has a lot of him in it. At age 15, Redding left school to help support his family, his father had contracted tuberculosis and was often hospitalized. He worked as a digger, as a gasoline station attendant
31.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
32.
Mojo (magazine)
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Mojo is a popular music magazine published initially by Emap, and since January 2008 by Bauer, monthly in the United Kingdom. Following the success of the magazine Q, publishers Emap were looking for a title that would cater for the burgeoning interest in rock music. Mojo was first published on 15 October 1993, in keeping with its classic rock aesthetic, noted for its in-depth coverage of both popular and cult acts, it acted as the inspiration for Blender and Uncut. Many noted music critics have written for it including Charles Shaar Murray, Greil Marcus, Nick Kent, the launch editor of Mojo was Paul Du Noyer and his successors have included Mat Snow, Paul Trynka and Pat Gilbert. While some criticise it for its frequent coverage of rock acts such as the Beatles and Bob Dylan, it has nevertheless featured many newer. It was the first mainstream magazine in the UK to focus on the White Stripes, Mojo regularly includes a covermount CD that ties in with a current magazine article or theme. In 2004 it introduced the Mojo Honours list, a ceremony that is a mixture of readers. Two hundred photographers and writers from Mojo and Bauers other music magazines, more recently, the magazine has taken to publishing many Top 100 lists, including the subjects of drug songs, rock epics, protest songs and even the most miserable songs of all time. To celebrate 150 issues, the published an Top 100 Albums of Mojos Lifetime list. The list was compiled and voted on by a panel of superstars, including Björk, Tori Amos, Tom Waits, Brian Wilson, Pete Wentz. Little Richards 1955 hit Tutti Frutti took the one spot. Richards record, dubbed a torrent of filth wailed by an alien, beat the Beatles I Want to Hold Your Hand. The magazines editors claimed that the 100 albums, singles and 78s that made up the list make up the most influential and inspirational recordings ever made. Hailing Tutti Frutti as the sound of the birth of rock n roll, three of the most successful were the series telling the story of the Beatles – one thousand days at a time. Other special editions have focused on Pink Floyd, Psychedelia, Punk, the company behind the magazine, Bauer, also produced a digital radio station. This station was called Mojo Radio, and was transmitted on the television networks in the UK. The output of the station was based on that of the magazine and it was announced on 5 November 2008 that Mojo Radio would cease broadcasting on 30 November 2008 in order to save Bauer the financial outlay. The magazines current editor-in-chief, Phil Alexander, has a show on the UK digital radio station Planet Rock entitled Mojo Rocks where he follows a Mojo-inspired playlist
33.
Lead vocalist
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The lead vocalist, lead vocals or lead singer in popular music is typically the member of a group or band whose voice is the most prominent in a performance where multiple voices may be heard. The lead singer either leads the ensemble, or sets against the ensemble as the dominant sound. In vocal group performances, notably in soul and gospel music, and early rock and roll, as an example in rock music, Mick Jagger is the lead singer of The Rolling Stones. Similarly in soul music, Smokey Robinson was the singer of The Miracles. The practice of using a lead singer in vocal groups, however, has a longer history, songs of the late nineteenth century frequently used a leading solo voice, followed by a choral response by other singers. From these various points - including Motown - it went on to become a device in much rock. In some bands - most famously, The Beatles - the role of lead singer alternated, while in others - for example, there are as many types and styles of lead singer as there are styles and genres of music. However, the singer of a group or band is usually the main focus of audiences attention. The lead vocalist of a band is called the front man or front woman. Pink Floyd also can be considered a band with two front men, as both the guitarist David Gilmour and the bassist Roger Waters sang and wrote most of the songs. In the beginning of the career, however, Pink Floyds lead singer and guitarist was Syd Barrett. Particularly before the 1970s, many bands were named for the leader or founder, rather than the lead singer, examples include the Dave Clark Five and Harold Melvin. In modern rock music, the singer is often, but not always, also the bands leader. While lead singers or spokespersons for any musical ensembles can be called a front man, since the position commonly has an expanded role from simple lead vocalists, there have been cases in which the front man for a band is someone other than the lead vocalist. In many bands, such as The Who, Fall Out Boy, Led Zeppelin, Living Colour, Queen and Oasis, usually, this is derived from that guitarists specific role as a co-songwriter, co-founder and/or co-vocalist. Also in some cases, there are two frontmen, such as Underoath, with singers Spencer Chamberlain and Aaron Gillespie sharing vocal duties, another example is Blink-182, in which vocal duties are split between bassist Mark Hoppus and guitarist Tom DeLonge. Hoppus usually carries out most media either by himself or together with DeLonge, linkin Park has two vocalists as well, Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda, both considered as frontmen. Another example is the metal band Metallica, in which James Hetfield
34.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
35.
Backing vocalist
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Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists. In some cases, a singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalists entry or to sing a counter-melody. Backing vocalists are used in a range of popular music, traditional music. Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts, in many rock and metal bands, the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments, such as guitar, electric bass, drums, or keyboards. In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups, backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing, in some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater, the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones. The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song, in pop and country songs, backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist. In hardcore punk or rockabilly, other members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus section of the songs. While some bands use performers whose sole on-stage role is performing backing vocals, two notable examples of band members who sang back-up are The Beach Boys and The Beatles. The Beach Boys were well known for their vocal harmonies, occasionally with all five members singing at once such as In My Room. All five members would sing lead, although most often Brian Wilson or Mike Love would sing lead with guitarists Carl Wilson and Al Jardine, examples of three-part harmonies by Lennon, McCartney and Harrison include Nowhere Man, Because, Day Tripper, and This Boy. Former guitarist John Frusciante of the Red Hot Chili Peppers sang nearly all backing vocals often singing some parts without accompaniment from lead vocalist Anthony Kiedis, the bands bassist Flea occasionally filled in for additional vocals. Frusciante usually sang one song by himself during concerts, another example is No Frontiers by The Corrs, which is sung by Sharon and Caroline. In the recording studio, some lead singers record their own backing vocals by overdubbing, one famous example is Freddie Mercury of Queen singing the first part of Bohemian Rhapsody himself by overdubbing. With the exception of a few songs on album, Dan Fogelberg, Eddie Rabbitt, David Bowie. Some bands, such as Hawthorne Heights and Finch have the backup singers do harsh vocals to highlight specific lyrics. Pop and R&B vocalists such as Diana Ross, Ariana Grande, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé Knowles, Brandy, Faith Evans, DAngelo, when they perform live, they may have backing vocalists that impersonate their voices. Some bands use backing vocals in order to contrast with the singer who may be performing an unusual vocal technique. In rap music, a rapper who chants and rhymes to support the main artist is often referred to as hype man
36.
Maurice Gibb
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Maurice Ernest Gibb, CBE was a British singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer, who achieved fame as a member of the British pop group the Bee Gees. The Bee Gees were one of the most successful rock-pop groups ever, Gibbs role in the group focused on melody and arrangements, providing backing vocal harmony and playing a variety of instruments. They returned to England, where they achieved worldwide fame, in 2002, the Bee Gees were appointed as CBEs for their contribution to music. Following his death in 2003, Gibbs son collected his award at Buckingham Palace in 2004, Gibbs earliest musical influences included The Everly Brothers, Cliff Richard and Paul Anka, The Mills Brothers and The Beatles were significant later influences. By 1964 he began his career as an instrumentalist, playing guitar on Claustrophobia, after the groups break-up in 1969, Gibb released his first solo single, Railroad, but his first solo album, The Loner, has never been released. Maurice Ernest Gibb was born in Douglas, Isle of Man, on 22 December 1949, the son of Hugh Gibb, a drummer and he was the fraternal twin of Robin Gibb, and was the younger of the two by 35 minutes. At that time, he had one sister, Lesley, and one brother, in January 1955, the Gibbs moved back to Manchester, England. Around 1955, Gibb and his brothers were heard harmonising by their parents, also in 1955, he started his music career when he joined the skiffle/rock and roll group the Rattlesnakes with his brothers and two friends, Paul Frost and Kenny Horrocks, who were their neighbours. The groups first major appearance was on 28 December 1957 when they performed at a local Gaumont cinema where children were invited to sing between films. They had planned to sing along to a 78 rpm record which Lesley had just been given as a Christmas present, the audience were pleased by their singing, which may have been the song Wake Up Little Susie by the Everly Brothers. When he was 8 years old, Gibb emigrated to Redcliffe, in Queensland, Australia, shortly after, he and his brothers formed the Bee Gees. By January 1963 the Gibbs moved to Sydney, the groups first single was The Battle of the Blue and the Grey but it failed to chart. Around 1963, the Gibb brothers worked with Judy Stone, Johnny Devlin, by 1964, Gibb made his first appearance as an instrumentalist on the beat-influenced Claustrophobia. Also in 1964, the Gibb brothers worked with Johnny Devlin, around 1965, the Gibb brothers worked with Trevor Gordon, Michelle Rae and Noeleen Batley. In 1966 the three Gibb brothers wrote their first song, The Storm. Also in 1966, Gibb began his career as the lead guitarist and bassist for the band, around the time, he recorded his first solo composition, All by Myself. Their second album, Spicks and Specks, included Where Are You, in March 1967 the Gibb brothers worked with Billy J. Kramer recording Town of Tuxley Toymaker, Part 1. Around the same time, Colin Petersen and Vince Melouney joined the Bee Gees, in the middle of 1967 Bee Gees 1st was released
37.
Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
38.
Vince Melouney
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Vince Melouney is an Australian guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. He joined the bands Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs, Vince & Tonys Two, Bee Gees, Fanny Adams, in 1971, he was replaced by Alan Kendall as the lead guitarist of the Bee Gees. In 1966, he released I Need Your Lovin Tonight and its B-side, Mystery Train, Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, in 1967, after moving to the UK, he was invited to join the Bee Gees. He was the lead guitarist on their first four albums, Bee Gees 1st, Horizontal, Idea, in June 1968, while he was a Bee Gee he wrote and performed Such a Shame. The song was released on the UK version of the album Idea, Melouney prefers the Gibson ES-355 guitar and can be seen in several Bee Gees videos and live performances from 1967 to 1968. In November 1968, it was reported by the UK music magazine, NME, in 1969, he formed a short-lived group, Fanny Adams, with Doug Parkinson on lead vocals, Teddy Toi on bass, and Johnny Dick on drums who recorded one eponymous album Fanny Adams. In the summer of 1976, he met up with Bee Gee Barry Gibb and they wrote Let It Ride and Morning Rain, but both songs were not recorded. He rejoined the Bee Gees for the One Night Only Concert held in Sydney, Australia, in 1999, and rejoined Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs for a tour in 2002/3. At the completion of that tour, he completed his first solo album, released with the title Covers which had ten cover versions of songs, including Love Her Madly, Come Together, and Lay Down Sally. Melouneys influence was The Band, through their album Music from Big Pink, as he explained, I am influenced to the extent that I can see what they are doing, i’ve let their ideas augment my ideas. Vince plays lead guitar on the 2015 Paul Jones album Suddenly I Like It and the forthcoming as-yet-untitled new Carla Olson album
39.
Colin Petersen
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Frederick Colin Petersen is an Australian drummer, record producer and former child actor. He played as a member of the bands Steve and the Board, in August 1969, he left the Bee Gees and he was replaced by Pentangle drummer Terry Cox to record the songs for their 1970 album Cucumber Castle. Frederick Colin Petersen began his career at the age of seven. Other film credits included The Scamp, A Cry from the Streets and, much later and he attended the Humpybong State School at the same time that Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb did. Petersen was in Barrys class, though they seldom crossed paths in any significant way, while at school he developed an interest in music, starting out on piano but switching to drums. After leaving school he played with bands including Steve and the Board, and became acquainted with Maurice Gibb. He ended up becoming friends with the family and ultimately played on as many as a dozen of the Bee Gees early Australian sides and he played on the albums Bee Gees 1st, Horizontal, Idea, Odessa, and Cucumber Castle. He was a partner in the group from early in their period in the UK. That problem was solved only by the intervention of the manager, Robert Stigwood. According to Petersen this led to him being fired in August 1969, Petersen had already recorded the songs used in the film, which make up part of the album, but he is not credited on the sleeve. Pentangle drummer Terry Cox was brought in to complete the remainder of the drum tracks, Vince Melouney and Robin Gibb had already left the band by then, leaving just Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, and Colin Petersen. He was fired, allegedly for having lost interest in the group and missing recording sessions, as a partner in the group, however, he could not be summarily fired as though he were an employee. Petersen remained on good terms with the brothers, especially Robin Gibb, the first musician he worked with after leaving the Bee Gees was Jonathan Kelly. Petersen produced some of his solo singles, and in 1970 the two decided to form a band together. It was called, Humpy Bong, a variation of the name of the school that Petersen. As they needed additional musicians, they placed an advertisement, tim Staffell answered and he got the job as singer and harmonica player. The trio recorded their single and appeared on BBC Televisions Top of the Pops. Before the end of 1970 the group broke up without having played any concerts, Petersen managed Jonathan Kelly as a solo artist during the early 1970s, subsequent to Humpy Bong disbanding
40.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
41.
Kent Music Report
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The Kent Music Report was a weekly record chart of Australian music singles and albums which was compiled by music enthusiast David Kent from May 1974 through to 1988. After 1988, the Australian Recording Industry Association, who had been using the report under licence for a number of years, prior to the Kent Report, Go-Set magazine published weekly Top-40 Singles from 1966 and Album charts from 1970 until the magazines demise in August 1974. David Kent later publicised the Australian charts from 1940–1973 in a retrospective fashion using state by state chart data obtained from various Australian radio stations. Kent had spent a number of years working in the music industry at both EMI and Phonogram records and had developed the report initially as a hobby. The Kent Music Report was first released on a basis in July 1974 and was offered for subscription. The report data was based solely on radio station charts from around the country. These radio station charts were compiled using data collected from local record stores and. In 1976, as funding from subscriptions grew, Kent himself started collecting data from retail stores to supplement the radio station charts. His operation grew and staff were employed to assist with research, within a year or so, the major record companies started using the Report for their own marketing programs and it had established itself as the leading national chart publication. From 1982, retail sales data collected by Kent and his staff were used exclusively, some radio station chart data was used as supplementary information, however. At about the time, the Australian Recording Industry Association was established by the major record companies, being EMI, Festival Records, CBS, RCA, WEA. From 1983 until 1988 ARIA had an arrangement with Kent to use the Report under their own banner. The Kent Report continued however and in 1987 was rebadged as the Australian Music Report, in 1988 the arrangement with ARIA ended and the ARIA Charts were produced in-house by the Association. In April 1998, the AMR charts ceased publishing, leaving the ARIA charts as the nationally recognised chart publication. In 1993, David Kent published his Australian Chart Book 1970 -1992 and this was based on his chart data already published as the Kent Music Report from May 1974 onwards. He specially retro-calculated charts based on state-based Australian radio station available to him dated prior to May 1974. On this basis, he put together Australian national charts from 1940 -1969. Prior to 1949, radio music charts in Australia were only available on a monthly basis
