1.
Nordland
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The county was formerly known as Nordlandene amt. The county administration is in Bodø, the remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen has been administered from Nordland since 1995. In the southern part is Vega, listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list, the county is divided into traditional districts. These are Helgeland in the south, Salten in the centre, in the northwest lie the archipelagoes of Lofoten and Vesterålen. Nordland is located along the northwestern coast of the Scandinavian peninsula in Northern Norway, due to the large distance to the densely populated parts of Europe, this is one of the least polluted areas in Europe. Nordland extends about 500 km from Nord-Trøndelag to Troms, the distance by road from Bindal in the far south of the county to Andenes on the northern tip is roughly 800 km. Nordland has a coastline, with many fjords. From south to north, the main fjords are Bindalsfjord, Vefsnfjord, Ranfjord, Saltfjord-Skjerstadfjord, Folda, Tysfjord, Ofotfjord and Andfjord, which is shared with Troms county. The best-known is perhaps the Vestfjorden, which is not really a fjord, the Raftsundet strait, with its famous branch Trollfjord, is the shortest waterway connecting Lofoten and Vesterålen. The continental shelf is very narrow west of Andenes, nowhere else in Norway is the ocean only a few kilometres from shore. Saltstraumen whirlpool is just southeast of Bodø, and Moskenstraumen is located in southern Lofoten, the southern part of Norways largest island, Hinnøya is in Nordland, as is the third largest island, Langøya. In the fjords, the brim is much less developed, There might be a more gradual slope, with hills, towards the mountains. There are often valleys at the head of fjords, usually with a river at the centre of the valley, Mo i Rana, Mosjøen and Rognan are situated in such valleys. Norways second largest glacier, Svartisen, the second largest lake, Røssvatnet, the largest river is Vefsna which forms the Laksforsen waterfall. The Saltfjellet mountain range forms a border between Helgeland and Salten, and is where the Arctic Circle cuts through the county. The interior of Nordland, towards the border with Sweden, is dominated by the Kjølen Mountains, the highest mountain in Nordland is Oksskolten in Okstindan range, the second highest is Suliskongen in Fauske, and the third is Storsteinfjellet in Narvik. Stetind in Tysfjord has been voted as Norways national mountain, There are many glaciers in the mountains, like Blåmannsisen, Okstindbreen, the Sulitjelma Glacier, and Frostisen -7 of the 15 largest glaciers in continental Norway are located in Nordland. This Cambrian - Silurian bedrock, much of it mica schist, is by far the largest area in Norway with soft bedrock rich in nutritions good for plant growth
2.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
3.
Sjona
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Sjona is a fjord in Nordland county, Norway. The 26-kilometre fjord begins in the municipality of Rana and flows to the west through Nesna, the islands of Handnesøya and Tomma lie at the mouth of the fjord. The deepest part of the fjord reaches 636 metres below sea level, norwegian County Road 17 follows the entire coast of the fjord. Villages along the shore of the fjord include Flostrand, Mæla, and Myklebustad
4.
Abdomen
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The abdomen constitutes the part of the body between the thorax and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity, in arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body, it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the joint to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity, the boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear. The abdomen contains most of the organs of the digestive tract. Hollow abdominal organs include the stomach, the intestine. Organs such as the liver, its attached gallbladder, and the function in close association with the digestive tract. The spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands also lie within the abdomen, along with blood vessels including the aorta. Anatomists may consider the urinary bladder, uterus, fallopian tubes, finally, the abdomen contains an extensive membrane called the peritoneum. A fold of peritoneum may completely cover certain organs, whereas it may only one side of organs that usually lie closer to the abdominal wall. Anatomists call the type of organs retroperitoneal. For example, the stomach of ruminants is divided into four chambers – rumen, in vertebrates, the abdomen is a large cavity enclosed by the abdominal muscles, ventrally and laterally, and by the vertebral column dorsally. Lower ribs can also enclose ventral and lateral walls, the abdominal cavity is upper part of the pelvic cavity. It is attached to the cavity by the diaphragm. Structures such as the aorta, inferior vena cava and esophagus pass through the diaphragm, both the abdominal and pelvic cavities are lined by a serous membrane known as the parietal peritoneum. This membrane is continuous with the visceral peritoneum lining the organs, the abdomen in vertebrates contains a number of organs belonging, for instance, to the digestive tract and urinary system. There are three layers of the abdominal wall and they are, from the outside to the inside, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal
5.
Nesna
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Nesna is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland traditional region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Nesna. Other villages in Nesna include Handnesneset, Husby, Saura, the municipality consists of the three islands Tomma, Hugla, and Handnesøya, and one peninsula that bears the name of the municipality, Nesna. The old Husby Estate is headquartered in Husby on Tomma island, the Coastal Express arrives two times a day at the port of Nesna, the northbound arrives 05,30 and the southbound 11,15. The village of Nesna is also home to Nordlands education center Nesna University College, and there is also the KVN High School, Nesna was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. The western district of Nesna was separated from Nesna on 1 July 1888 to form the new municipality of Dønnes and this left Nesna with 2,958 residents. On 1 January 1919, the Bardalssjøen farm was transferred from Hemnes to Nesna, in 1945, a small area of southern Nesna was transferred to Leirfjord. On 1 January 1962, part of the island of Løkta was transferred from Nesna to Dønna, then on 1 January 1964, the Bardalssjøen area of Nesna, located south of the Ranfjorden, was transferred to Leirfjord. On that same date, the part of Nesna around the part of the Sjona fjord was transferred to Rana. The municipality is named after the old Nesna farm, since the first church was built there, the name is derived from the word nes which means headland. The name was historically spelled Nesne, the coat-of-arms is from modern times, they were granted on 23 June 1989. The arms are a canting of the name of the municipality because they show a yellow-colored headland or peninsula surrounded by blue water, the Church of Norway has one parish within the municipality of Nesna. It is part of the Nord-Helgeland deanery in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland, the municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. The municipal council of Nesna is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four years
6.
Husby Estate
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The Husby Estate is an estate in Helgeland, Norway. It is based in the village of Husby on the part of the island of Tomma in the municipality of Nesna. Anders Christensen the younger, a shipper and a tradesman, and otherwise a great-great-grandson of the noblewoman Margrete Jonsdotter Benkestok and he bought altogether twelve parts of the farms Grønningen, Kvitvær, Lunderøy, Måsvær, Sandvær, Sengstrag, Sør-Nesøy, and Trolløy. In 1819 he bought a part of Husby Farm, which then had been a part of the Dønnes Estate. After Christensens death his widow Anna Catharine née Bernhoft continued buying properties, in 1825 she bought altogether nine parts of farms in the districts Meløy, Rødøy, and Lurøy. In 1833 she bought altogether twelve parts of farms in Lurøy, in 1834 she bought much land in the district Træna. Later followed the purchases of the trade seat Lurøysjøen, the trade seat Lauvøya and their son Frederik Christian Bernhoft Christensen took over the Husby Estate. He was succeeded by his son Anders Christensen the younger, Anders Christensen married Johanne Marie Coldevin, the daughter of Isaach Coldevin, who was the owner of the considerably bigger Dønnes Estate. With her were 67 farm parts added to the Husby Estate, the estate thereby grew to consist of approximately 190 farm parts, making it a medium-sized estate in Northern Norway. The couples two daughters, Frederikke Christiane Christensen and Jørgine Catharine Christensen, did not reach adult age, Johanne Marie Christensen died in ca. In 1899 the widower Anders Christensen married Nathalie née Finchenhagen, Anders Christensen died in 1901, whereupon the widow inherited the estate. Nathalie had the Husby Chapel built to serve the population in 1905. In 1910 Nathalie Christensen married Karl Olaf Johan Karlsen Gidtske, a priest, who thereby became the owner of the Husby Estate. During his time as a proprietarian some of the many farms were sold. When their son Kaare Krey Gidtske in 1944 took over the estate it had reduced to 50–60 farm parts of the original 190. In 1974 even Husby Farm was sold, the son of Kaare Gidtske and Kirsten née Jacobsen, Karl Gidtske the younger, is todays estate owner and as such one of the biggest landowners in the County of Nordland. In the 2000s some properties belonging to the estate were sold out of the family, Kaare Gidtskes widow, Kirsten Gidtske, would not accept this, wherefore she in 2007 used her right of preemption and bought the properties back for 5,500,000 crowns. To the newspaper Rana Blad she stated that she had bought the properties so that they remain within the family
7.
Husby Chapel
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Husby Chapel is a chapel in the municipality of Nesna in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Husby on the shore of the island of Tomma. The church is part of the Nesna parish in the Nord-Helgeland deanery in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland, the white, wooden chapel was built in 1905 as a private farm chapel for the Husby Estate. It was consecrated on 2 June 1905 as part of the Dønnes parish and had 4 worship services each year. It was transferred to Nesna parish in 1962, and since 2005, it has six regularly scheduled worship services each year in addition to special events such as weddings or funerals
8.
Old Norse
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Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during about the 9th to 13th centuries. These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century, Old Norse was divided into three dialects, Old West Norse, Old East Norse and Old Gutnish. Old West and East Norse formed a continuum, with no clear geographical boundary between them. For example, Old East Norse traits were found in eastern Norway, although Old Norwegian is classified as Old West Norse, most speakers spoke Old East Norse in what is present day Denmark and Sweden. Old Gutnish, the more obscure dialectal branch, is included in the Old East Norse dialect due to geographical associations. It developed its own features and shared in changes to both other branches. The 12th century Icelandic Gray Goose Laws state that Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders and Danes spoke the same language, another term used, used especially commonly with reference to West Norse, was norrœnt mál. In some instances the term Old Norse refers specifically to Old West Norse, the Old East Norse dialect was spoken in Denmark, Sweden, settlements in Kievan Rus, eastern England, and Danish settlements in Normandy. The Old Gutnish dialect was spoken in Gotland and in settlements in the East. In the 11th century, Old Norse was the most widely spoken European language, in Kievan Rus, it survived the longest in Veliky Novgorod, probably lasting into the 13th century there. Norwegian is descended from Old West Norse, but over the centuries it has heavily influenced by East Norse. Old Norse also had an influence on English dialects and Lowland Scots and it also influenced the development of the Norman language, and through it and to a smaller extent, that of modern French. Various other languages, which are not closely related, have heavily influenced by Norse, particularly the Norman dialects, Scottish Gaelic. The current Finnish and Estonian words for Sweden are Ruotsi and Rootsi, of the modern languages, Icelandic is the closest to Old Norse. Written modern Icelandic derives from the Old Norse phonemic writing system, contemporary Icelandic-speakers can read Old Norse, which varies slightly in spelling as well as semantics and word order. However, pronunciation, particularly of the phonemes, has changed at least as much as in the other North Germanic languages. Faroese retains many similarities but is influenced by Danish, Norwegian, although Swedish, Danish and the Norwegian languages have diverged the most, they still retain asymmetric mutual intelligibility. Speakers of modern Swedish, Norwegian and Danish can mostly understand each other without studying their neighboring languages, the languages are also sufficiently similar in writing that they can mostly be understood across borders
9.
Store norske leksikon
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Store norske leksikon, abbreviated SNL, is a Norwegian language encyclopedia. The SNL was created in 1978 when the two publishing houses Aschehoug and Gyldendal merged their encyclopedias and created the company Kunnskapsforlaget, the name translates into English as Great Norwegian encyclopedia. Up until 1978 the two publishing houses of Aschehoug and Gyldendal, Norways two largest, had published Aschehougs konversasjonsleksikon and Gyldendals konversasjonsleksikon, respectively, the respective first editions were published in 1907–1913 and 1933–1934. The fourth edition consists of 16 volumes, a total of 12,000 pages and 280,000 entries, on 12 March 2010 Store Norske Leksikon announced that from 1 July 2010 there would be no new editions of Store Norske Leksikon, because of lacklustre sales. The main reason behind this decision was stated to be Wikipedia, SNL became available online since 2000 and had several hundred thousand subscribers, both private and institutional. The number of articles is about 150,000. Since 25 February 2009, the encyclopedia has been free. The online version of the Store norske leksikon
