1.
Nelson, New Zealand
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Nelson is a city on the eastern shores of Tasman Bay, and is the economic and cultural centre of the Nelson Region. Nelson is the oldest city in the South Island and the second-oldest settled city in New Zealand, Nelson city is bordered to the west and south-west by the Tasman District Council and the north-east, east and south-east by the Marlborough District Council. The city does not include Richmond, the areas second-largest settlement, Nelson City has a population of around 50,000, making it New Zealands 12th most populous city and the geographical centre of New Zealand. When combined with the town of Richmond which has close to 14,000 residents, Nelson is well known for its thriving local arts and crafts scene, Each year, the city hosts events popular with locals and tourists alike, such as the Nelson Arts Festival. The annual Wearable Art Awards began near Nelson and a local museum, Nelson was named in honour of the Admiral Horatio Nelson who defeated both the French and Spanish fleets at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Many roads and public areas around the city are named after people and ships associated with that battle, inhabitants of Nelson are referred to as Nelsonians. Nelsons Māori name, Whakatū, means build, raise, or establish, in an article to The Colonist newspaper on 16 July 1867, Francis Stevens described Nelson as The Naples of the Southern Hemisphere. Today, Nelson has the nicknames of Sunny Nelson due to its high sunshine hours per year or the Top of the South because of its geographic location, settlement of Nelson began about 700 years ago by Māori. There is evidence the earliest settlements in New Zealand are around the Nelson-Marlborough regions, the earliest recorded iwi in the Nelson district are the Ngāti Kuia, Ngāti Tumatakokiri, Ngāti Apa and Rangitane tribes. Raids from northern tribes in the 1820s, led by Te Rauparaha and his Ngāti Toa, soon decimated the local population, the New Zealand Company in London planned the settlement of Nelson. They intended to buy cheaply from the Māori some 200,000 acres which they planned to divide into one thousand lots, the Company earmarked future profits to finance the free passage of artisans and labourers and their families, and for the construction of public works. However, by September 1841 only about one third of the lots had sold, despite this the Colony pushed ahead, and land was surveyed by Frederick Tuckett. Three ships sailed from London under the command of Captain Arthur Wakefield, however, after some delay, Hobson allowed the Company to investigate the Tasman Bay area at the north end of the South Island. The Company selected the now occupied by Nelson City because it had the best harbour in the area. The Company secured a vague and undetermined area from the Māori for £800 that included Nelson, Waimea and this allowed the settlement to begin, but the lack of definition would prove the source of much future conflict. The three colony ships sailed into Nelson Haven during the first week of November 1841, within 18 months the Company had sent out 18 ships with 1052 men,872 women and 1384 children. However, fewer than ninety of the settlers had the capital to start as landowners, the early settlement of Nelson province included a proportion of German immigrants, who arrived on the ship Sankt Pauli and formed the nucleus of the villages of Sarau and Neudorf. These were mostly Lutheran Protestants with a number of Bavarian Catholics
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
4.
Basketball
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Basketball is a non-contact team sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of five players each. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, the team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate and it is a violation to lift, or drag, ones pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The game has many techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coachs game plan, Basketball is one of the worlds most popular and widely viewed sports. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague, the FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for teams, like EuroBasket. The FIBA Womens Basketball World Cup features the top womens basketball teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Womens Basketball Premier League, in early December 1891, Canadian Dr. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball and these laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable. Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the game was endorsed by Naismith, dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a part of the game around the 1950s
5.
Netball
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Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players. Its development, derived from early versions of basketball, began in England in the 1890s, by 1960, international playing rules had been standardised for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Womens Basketball was formed. As of 2011, the INF comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions, Games are played on a rectangular court with raised goal rings at each end. Each team attempts to score goals by passing a ball down the court, players are assigned specific positions, which define their roles within the team and restrict their movement to certain areas of the court. During general play, a player with the ball can hold on to it for three seconds before shooting for a goal or passing to another player. The winning team is the one that scores the most goals, Netball games are 60 minutes long. Variations have been developed to increase the pace and appeal to a wider audience. Netball is most popular in Commonwealth nations, specifically in schools, according to the INF, netball is played by more than 20 million people in more than 80 countries. Major domestic leagues in the include the Netball Superleague in Great Britain, Suncorp Super Netball in Australia. Three major competitions take place internationally, the quadrennial World Netball Championships, the Commonwealth Games, in 1995, netball became an International Olympic Committee recognised sport, but it has not been played at the Olympics. Netball emerged from early versions of basketball and evolved into its own sport as the number of participating in sports increased. Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith in the United States, the game was initially played indoors between two teams of nine players, using an association football that was thrown into closed-end peach baskets. Naismiths game spread quickly across the United States and variations of the rules soon emerged, Physical education instructor Senda Berenson developed modified rules for women in 1892, these eventually gave rise to womens basketball. Around this time separate intercollegiate rules were developed for men and women, the various basketball rules converged into a universal set in the United States. Martina Bergman-Österberg introduced a version of basketball in 1893 to her students at the Physical Training College in Hampstead. Madame Österbergs new sport acquired the name net ball, the first codified rules of netball were published in 1901 by the Ling Association, later the Physical Education Association of the United Kingdom. From England, netball spread to countries in the British Empire. Netball became a womens sport in countries where it was introduced
6.
Concert
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A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. A recital is a concert by a soloist or small group which follows a program, a recitalist is a musician who gives frequent recitals. The invention of the piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt. The performance may be by a musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir. Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called arena concerts or amphitheatre concerts, informal names for a concert include show and gig. Regardless of the venue, musicians perform on a stage. Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment, before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play. The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress. In a similar way, a musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle. For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had hair, sandals. Regular attendees to a concert venue might also have a style that comprises that venues scene. Other Types of concerts, To plan or arrange by mutual agreement, some performers or groups put on very elaborate and expensive shows. To create a memorable and exciting atmosphere and increase the spectacle, some singers, especially popular music, augment concert sound with pre-recorded accompaniment, back-up dancers, and even broadcast vocal tracks of the singers own voice. Activities during these concerts can include dancing, sing-alongs, and moshing, concerts involving a greater number of artists, especially those that last for multiple days, are known as festivals. Unlike other concerts, which remain in a single genre of music or work of a particular artist, festivals often cover a broad scope of music. Due to their size, festivals are almost exclusively held outdoors, new platforms for festivals are becoming increasingly popular such as Jam Cruise, which is a festival held on a cruise ship, as well as Mayan Holidaze, which is a destination festival held in Tulum. Often concert tours are named, to differentiate different tours by the same artist, different segments of longer concert tours are known as legs. In the largest concert tours it is becoming common for different legs to employ separate touring production crews and equipment
7.
Banquet
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A banquet is a large meal or feast, complete with main courses and desserts, always served with ad libitum alcoholic beverages, such as wine or beer. A banquet usually serves a purpose such as a gathering, a ceremony, or a celebration. In the majority of banquets, the gathering is seated at tables with around 8-10 people per table. Overall, there is a debate of when feasting began. During these feasts, luxury foods were offered to their guest, what these luxury goods were are still up to debate. However, Hayden argues that meat and rice are some of these luxury goods because they were domesticated despite their difficulty in doing so. The term banquet, however, termed from a different time period, the idea of banqueting is ancient. In the 16th century, a banquet was very different from our modern perception, after dinner, the guests would stand and drink sweet wine and spices while the table was cleared, or ‘voided’. During the 16th century, guests would no longer stand in the chamber whilst the table was cleared and the room prepared for entertainment. As the idea of banqueting developed, it could place at any time during the day and have much more in common with the later practice of taking tea. Banqueting rooms varied greatly from house to house, but were generally on an intimate scale, today, banquets serve many purposes from training sessions, to formal business dinners. Business banquets are a way to strengthen bonds between businessmen and their partners. It is common that a banquet is organized at the end of an academic conference, a luau is one variety of banquet originally used in Hawaii. The Nei Mongol provincial government in China levies a tax on banquets, banquet hall Beefsteak Feast Albala, Ken. The banquet, Dining in the Great Courts of late Renaissance Europe, board of Trustees, University of Illinois
8.
Nelson Giants
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The Nelson Giants are a New Zealand basketball team based in Nelson. The Giants compete in the National Basketball League and play their games at the Trafalgar Centre. For sponsorship reasons, they are known as the Mike Pero Nelson Giants, the Giants have won the three NBL championships in their history, with their first coming in 1994 before attaining two more in 1998 and 2007. They are the remaining original team from the leagues inaugural season, as all other teams have spent at least one year out of the league. Former Tall Blacks coach Nenad Vučinić is the owner and a player, captain and coach of the Giants, winning championships as all four. Between 1982 and 2013, the Trafalgar Centre was the home of the Giants, but in early 2014 and this forced the Giants to move to nearby Saxton Stadium for the 2014 and 2015 seasons. The team returned to Trafalgar, or otherwise known as the Hangar, the Giants were one of eight foundation teams for the inaugural season of the National Basketball League. While they struggled to make an impact over the first eight seasons, by 1990, the Giants made their first grand final appearance, which resulted in a 76–73 loss to the Canterbury Rams. The mid-1990s marked the beginning of the Giants halcyon era, as played in seven grand finals between 1994 and 2004 and won two titles during that time, in 1994 and 1998. This era also marked the emergence of one of the greatest Giants of all-time, Jones is a four-time Kiwi MVP, two-time Most Outstanding Guard, six-time Most Outstanding Kiwi Guard, and in 2016, he became the first player in NBL history to reach 400 games. In 2007, import swingman Josh Pace helped lead the Giants to their league title with an MVP season. 2007 also marked the year of Ed Books career. The Giants made two grand final appearances in 2009 and 2013, both ending in runner-up finishes. Official team website Nelson Giants on Facebook
9.
Eric Bristow
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Eric Bristow MBE is a former professional English darts player. He was ranked World No.1 by the World Darts Federation a record six times from and he is a five time World Champion, a five time World Masters Champion and a four time World Cup singles champion. He won twenty two WDF and BDO Major titles and seventy career titles overall, in the 1980s, Bristows skill and personality helped turn darts into a worldwide spectator sport. In 1993, Bristow was one of sixteen top players who broke away from the British Darts Organisation to form their own organisation and he finished as runner-up on four other occasions up to 1991. The nickname of the Crafty Cockney was given to Bristow when he visited an English pub of that name in 1976 during a visit to Santa Monica, California. Bristow wore a shirt depicting a uniformed British policeman, a Union Flag, eric was also educated in the grammar school tradition having passed his eleven plus exam during the late 1960s. Bristow emerged as the most successful and consistent darts player of the 1980s and he was fortunate to have been around at the right time as television began showing increased interest in the sport in the late 1970s, with the first world championship occurring in 1978. Cocky and arrogant, he invariably wound opponents up before and during matches with his gamesmanship, crowds would boo Bristow when he was on stage, no less so than in Scotland, an atmosphere in which he revelled. As well as his world championship exploits, Bristow also lifted the prestigious Winmau World Masters crown no fewer than five times and he also reached the final in 1989, losing to Peter Evison. During the Swedish Open in November 1986, he found himself unable to let go of his darts properly - a psychological condition known as dartitis and he was never the same player again but did regain the number one ranking briefly in 1990. The player was Phil Taylor who went on to usurp his mentor as the greatest darts player ever, Bristows form deteriorated alarmingly in the early 1990s and he was dropped from the Merseyside team where he played with his international team mate Kevin Kenny and then the national side. The split within darts - another governing body was formed - saw Bristow become a member of the Professional Darts Corporation. At the World Matchplay event in Blackpool, Bristow made six appearances and his swansong came in a classic semi-final at the 1997 PDC World Championship which he lost to his protégé Taylor. Bristows last appearance came at the World Championships in 2000 - ending his 23 years run of playing in the event and he ceased playing the sport professionally. Bristow returned to TV screens as a player in 2008 on Setanta Sports to compete in the BetFred League of Legends tournament, in 2004, Bristow played John Lowe, with Bristow showing glimpses of his old form, as he won that match by 6 legs to 1. Bristow suggested the victims should have sorted out the perpetrators when they were older, according to him, Dart players tough guys footballers wimps. Bristow was condemned by social media users, including alleged victims of Bennell, Bristow apologised for his comments the following day. In a statement, he compared himself to a bull in a China shop and appreciated my wording was wrong, from 1978 to 1987, Bristow was in a relationship with former darts player Maureen Flowers
10.
John Lowe
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John Lowe is a former World No.1 English professional darts player who was one of the most skilled and best known darts players during the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in the United Kingdom. Lowe is one of six players to have won the World Championship three times, having done so in 1979,1987 and 1993. He is the first player to have won the World Championship in three separate decades, Lowes titles and achievements span a career of almost forty years, but he is also well known for being the first player to achieve a televised nine-dart finish. Lowe won the World Championship title in three different decades –1979,1987 and 1993. Although regarded as the gentleman of the game, he was in the shadow of Eric Bristow in the days of darts rise to prominence – in terms both of results and of charisma. He met Bristow six times in the World Championship in various semi-finals and finals and his record against the Crafty Cockney in majors was three wins and six defeats. This was the first time it had ever accomplished by any darts player whilst being televised. Lowe won £102,000 for this success and he went on to win the tournament. He played for England over 100 times and was captain for seven years and he also gained credit for his decorum and sportsmanship at the oche, often in notable contrast to the gifted but arrogant Bristow. Nicknames have always been common in darts, but Lowe never really had one which caught on and this is also the title of Lowes autobiography which was published in 2005. Lowe has enjoyed a longevity at the sport and this feat will have matched by Phil Taylor while he will be playing at the 2017 PDC World Championship. He was secretary of the World Professional Dart Players Association and in 2005 enjoyed a year in the sport to commemorate his 30th year as a professional. He still attempted to qualify for the World Championship each year until 2008, in May 2009 Lowe released a book, The Art of Darts, in which he offered his personal insights into the game to both amateur and aspiring professional dart players. In 2013 The Art of Darts was produced in app form for the Apple iPhone and iPad, it is a 45-minute masterclass containing coaching and tips from Lowe. Lowe planned a tour of the United States in November and December 2011, with possible stops including Boston, New York. In 2014 Lowe was one of several celebrities to take part in ITVs new game show Amazing Greys, in members of the public take on icons of British sport. Lowe was born in New Tupton, Derbyshire and he is married to Karen and lives in Chesterfield, from where they both support Sunderland. This finish was not broadcast live, interview with John Lowe John Lowes profile and stats on Darts Database John Lowes Blog at Unicorn-Darts. com Nine Dart Finish from 1984 on YouTube
