1.
David W. Tucker
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David W. Numerous student members of the organization have become renowned jazz musicians, composers, and music educators. David W. Tucker was raised as a child in a small central Illinois town, Cerro Gordo. He obtained an undergraduate and masters degree in education from the University of Illinois in 1950 and 1951, respectively. In 1965, he began teaching music at Luther Burbank High School in Sacramento and began studies toward a doctorate in Music Education at University of California. In 1966, at the request of the Sacramento school district, while in Sacramento, Tucker played trombone in the show bands of Lake Tahoe. He also arranged compositions for the show bands and he completed his Ed. D. at Berkeley in 1969. In the fall of 1968, Tucker was hired as an arranger and composer for the Cal Marching Band and he was appointed Associate Director in 1969. His responsibilities with the Cal Band included rehearsing, auditioning new members. For the 1971 season, during Berdahl’s sabbatical year in Japan, at the end of the 1971 season, Tucker left the Cal Band to accept the newly created position of Director of UC Jazz under Cal’s musical activities department. Tucker performed in the Champaign-Urbana area as a player until his induction into the army. He was a trombone soloist with the Army band while stationed in Little Rock, Arkansas, after the war, he moved to California, where he played trombone in the house bands at numerous Sacramento and Lake Tahoe venues. Tucker mentored numerous students as a composer and music teacher. He mentored numerous students at Fiatarones Music Store in Pinole, California, in music, music education, among professional composers who studied with Tucker are Rolf Johnson, Michael Wolff, and Susan Muscarella of the JazzSchool in Berkeley. Tucker directed the University of California Jazz Ensembles until 1985, his early retirement resulting largely from a bad back that had him lying flat for a year. Each year 100 students worked under his direction in the Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday night big bands, combos, under Tuckers guidance, the University of California Jazz Ensembles became the most successful and visible performing arts organization on the Cal campus. The total trip lasted four weeks, with other sponsored-appearances in the four Scandinavian countries, the group received critical acclaim and a last-minute concert was arranged by the sponsors at the Japanese major league baseball Korakuen Stadium. In the service with the army he was principal trombone with the Fort Smith Symphony and directed the 5th Armored Division public relations tours, in Sacramento, he taught at the elementary, high school, where he was music department chairman, and college levels. He was director of bands at Sacramento City College and taught at Sacramento State College, at the same time, he was the curriculum supervisor for the Sutter Union School District
2.
Michael Wolff (musician)
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Michael Blieden Wolff is an American jazz pianist. In the 1980s, he was bandleader for the Arsenio Hall Show and he was also the music director for jazz singer Nancy Wilson. Wolff was honored as a Steinway Artist and obtained a Broadcast Music and he provided the score and co-produced The Tic Code. He co-starred with his sons, Nat and Alex, in the Nickelodeon musical comedy series The Naked Brothers Band, Wolff was the leader of the jazz band Impure Thoughts. Reconstructed as Wolff & Clark Expedition, it is a jazz-funk group, Wolff was born in Victorville, California and raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. His family is culturally Jewish and is the son of Lise and Marvin Wolff, a medical doctor, at age nine, his family moved to Berkeley, California, and began studying classical piano at age eight before playing drums at age 12. While attending Berkeley High School, Wolff had begun playing piano with the University of California Jazz Ensembles under the direction of Dr. David W. Tucker. After graduating from school, Wolff attended the University of California, Berkeley before enrolling at the University of California. Wolffs mother remarried psychiatrist Neal Blumenfeld, who died on December 1,2013 and he has two step-siblings, Mimi and Judy. Draper also wrote and starred in The Tic Code, a drama film influenced by Wolffs life with Tourette syndrome to which he contributed the score. Wolff left college in 1972 to begin his career, joining Cal Tjaders band. He then joined Cannonball Adderleys band in 1975, in 1977, he formed the band Answering Service with saxophonist Alex Foster. Wolff composed and played original music—and served as host—for the Riverside Shakespeare Company production of The Mandrake in New York City in 1975, in 1978, singer Nancy Wilson chose Wolff as her musical director. Arsenio Hall was Wilsons opening act, and in 1989, when Hall was given his own show, Wolff was chosen to serve as its bandleader. He met his wife, actress Polly Draper, when she appeared as a guest on the show, in 1995, he released Jumpstart featuring Christian McBride and Tony Williams and in 1997 the trio released 2AM. Wolff was the leader of the jazz band Impure Thoughts which features Indian tabla player Badal Roy, drummer Mike Clark, percussionist Frank Colón and he wrote music for the films Whos the Man. The Tic Code, and Made up, as well as writing for, Wolff co-starred with his sons in The Naked Brothers Band television series on Nickelodeon, serving as the co-executive producer and music supervisor, which Draper created and executive produced. In addition, Wolff co-starred in and produced the music for The Naked Brothers Band, The Movie, Wolff is on the faculty at The New School For Jazz And Contemporary Music
3.
Andy Narell
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Andy Narell is a jazz musician and composer specialized in the steelpan. He was born in New York City and moved to California in his teens and he took up the steelpan at a very young age in Queens, New York. His father Murray Narell was a worker who invited Ellie Mannette to bring steel pan to New York city in an attempt to get kids off the streets, out of gangs. Narell studied music at the University of California, Berkeley, and he has performed with the Caribbean Jazz Project, Montreux, Sakésho, Calypsociation, and Béla Fleck and the Flecktones. He additionally composed and arranged music for Trinidads national steelband competition Panorama, Narell also performed in South Africa in 1999 in front of a crowd of 80,000 people. He has a brother Jeff Narell, who is a pan player with his own style and he has two children, Isaac Narell and Mia Narell. and currently resides in Paris
4.
Dave Meros
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Dave Meros, is an American bass guitar player, best known as the bass player for progressive rock band Spocks Beard. He was also manager for many of those years and has worked as a tour manager for further artists as well. Dave Meros has a Business Degree from U. C, Meros began studying classical piano at age 9, five years formal training. • Studied French Horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba between the ages of 13 –18, - Received Bank of America award for musical achievement,1974. - Received John Phillip Souza Band Award,1974, - Played in Reno Jazz Festival All Star Band,1974, as a member of the University of California Jazz Ensembles. • Played bass trombone and tuba in the University of California Jazz Ensembles, 1974–1977, • Began playing electric bass in 1976 while at the University of California, Berkeley. Relocated to Los Angeles early 1985 and their 12th studio CD, titled The Oblivion Particle was released in August 2015. Meros currently plays in the Sacramento area based band Rolling Heads featuring Spocks Beard bandmate Ted Leonard and he is also currently a member of Iron Butterfly, having previously performed with them as a substitute for the late Lee Dorman during the bands 2006 tour. - Gary Myrick –1986 through 1989, - Eric Burdon – January 1990 through November 2005. - Spocks Beard –1993 – current, - The Kings Of Classic Rock -2007 -2013. - Rolling Heads -2010 - current, - Iron Butterfly -2015 - current. Daves current bass for Spocks Beard is a modified OLP-MM and it was built as a proof of concept bass under the theory that a large portion of his signature sound comes simply from having passive, single coil pickups in the same positions as on a Rickenbacker. Dave used three Seymour Duncan Jazz Bass pickups to do this - two in the Rickenbacker locations and one in the position where the pickup on a Fender Jazz Bass would normally go. Further customizations include a Full Contact Hardware bridge and a Hipshot Xtender tuning key that will detune the E string down to a D at the flip of a lever, from 2002 through the recording of Brief Nocturnes and Dreamless Sleep Daves main bass was what he terms his Fendenbacker. Its a Rickenbacker 4001 bass thats been severely modified to serve a variety of purposes, a buddy of mine found a really trashed Ric in a pawn shop, and I turned it into a project bass to try to make a one bass fits all for myself says Meros. It has a set of Fender Jazz Bass pickups set in mid-70s-era spacing as well as the set of Rickenbacker pickups in the traditional Ric positions. This gives Meros four pickups total to choose from, with a switch that chooses between the two fairly different basses, Rickenbacker or Jazz, All four can also be activated at the same time. He also did a really versatile wiring thing for me and one of the most amazing fret jobs Ive ever seen
5.
Gary Burton
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Gary Burton is an American jazz vibraphonist, composer and jazz educator. Burton developed a style of four-mallet technique as an alternative to the prevailing two-mallet technique. This approach caused him to be heralded as an innovator and his sound and he is also known for pioneering fusion jazz and popularizing the duet format in jazz, as well as being a major figure in music education from his 30 years at the Berklee College of Music. Burton was born in Anderson, Indiana in 1943, beginning music at six years old, Burton for the most part taught himself to play marimba and vibraphone. He also began studying piano at age sixteen as he finished school in Princeton. Burton has cited jazz pianist Bill Evans as an inspiration for his approach toward the vibraphone. Burton attended Berklee College of Music in Boston in 1960–61 and he studied with Herb Pomeroy and soon befriended the composer and arranger Michael Gibbs. After touring both the U. S. and Japan with pianist George Shearing in 1963, Burton went on to play with saxophonist Stan Getz from 1964 to 1966. It was during time with the Stan Getz Quartet that Burton appeared with the band in a feature film. In 1967 he formed the Gary Burton Quartet along with guitarist Larry Coryell, drummer Roy Haynes, predating the jazz-rock fusion craze of the 1970s, the groups first record, Duster, combined jazz, country and rock and roll elements. However, some of Burtons previous albums had already shown his inclination toward such experimentation with different genres of popular music, Burton was named Down Beat magazines Jazzman of the Year in 1968 and won his first Grammy award in 1972. The following year Burton began a now 40-year-long collaboration with pianist Chick Corea and their eight recordings together won the pair Grammy awards in years 1979,1981,1997,1999,2009, and most recently in 2013, for Hot House. Burton has a total of 21 Grammy nominations and seven Grammy wins. B, king, Tommy Smith, Eberhard Weber, Ralph Towner, Peter Erskine, Stephane Grappelli and Ástor Piazzolla. From 2004 to 2008 Burton hosted a jazz radio show on Sirius Satellite Radio. From September 2006 to April 2008, Burton toured worldwide with Chick Corea celebrating 35 years of working together, more recently Burton toured and recorded in 2009 with Pat Metheny, Steve Swallow, and Antonio Sanchez, reprising music from Burtons 1970s group. In 2011, Burton released his first project for Mack Avenue Records, the groups second release, Guided Tour, was released in August,2013. Burtons autobiography, Learning To Listen, was published by Berklee Press in August 2013, Burtons available recordings, as of 2013, are mainly those from RCA Victor, Atlantic Records, ECM Records, GRP Records, Concord Jazz, and Mack Avenue Records. Burton retired from his career in March 2017 following a farewell tour alongside pianist
6.
Dizzy Gillespie
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John Birks Dizzy Gillespie was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, and singer. AllMusics Scott Yanow wrote, Dizzy Gillespies contributions to jazz were huge, Gillespie was a trumpet virtuoso and improviser, building on the virtuoso style of Roy Eldridge but adding layers of harmonic complexity previously unheard in jazz. His beret and horn-rimmed spectacles, his singing, his bent horn, pouched cheeks. In the 1940s Gillespie, with Charlie Parker, became a figure in the development of bebop. He taught and influenced other musicians, including trumpeters Miles Davis, Jon Faddis, Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, Arturo Sandoval, Lee Morgan, Chuck Mangione. Gillespie was born in Cheraw, South Carolina, the youngest of nine children of James, James was a local bandleader, so instruments were made available to the children. Gillespie started to play the piano at the age of four, Gillespies father died when he was only ten years old. Gillespie taught himself how to play the trombone as well as the trumpet by the age of twelve, from the night he heard his idol, Roy Eldridge, play on the radio, he dreamed of becoming a jazz musician. He received a scholarship to the Laurinburg Institute in North Carolina which he attended for two years before accompanying his family when they moved to Philadelphia. Teddy Hills band was where Gillespie made his first recording, King Porter Stomp, Willis was not immediately friendly but Gillespie was attracted anyway. The two finally married on May 9,1940 and they remained married until his death in 1993. Gillespie stayed with Teddy Hills band for a year, then left, in 1939, Gillespie joined Cab Calloways orchestra, with which he recorded one of his earliest compositions, the instrumental Pickin the Cabbage, in 1940. After a notorious altercation between the two men, Calloway fired Gillespie in late 1941, the incident is recounted by Gillespie, along with fellow Calloway band members Milt Hinton and Jonah Jones, in Jean Bachs 1997 film, The Spitball Story. Calloway did not approve of Gillespies mischievous humor, nor of his approach to soloing, according to Jones. Finally, their grudge for each other erupted over a thrown spitball, Calloway never thought highly of Gillespie, because he didnt view Gillespie as a good musician. Once during a rehearsal, a member of the band threw a spitball, already in a foul mood, Calloway decided to blame this on Gillespie. In order to clear his name, Gillespie didn’t take the blame, Calloway had minor cuts on the thigh and wrist. After the two men were separated, Calloway fired Gillespie, a few days later, Gillespie tried to apologize to Calloway, but he was dismissed
7.
Korakuen Stadium
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Korakuen Stadium was a stadium in Tokyo, Japan. Completed in 1937, it was used for baseball and was home to the Yomiuri Giants until 1988 when they moved next door, to the Tokyo Dome. The ballpark had a capacity of 50,000 people, in 1942 Korakuen Stadium played host to a memorable 28 inning,311 pitch, complete game effort by Michio Nishizawa. It also hosted the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame, on August 16,1976, it hosted the first NFL game played outside of North America when the St. Louis Cardinals defeated the San Diego Chargers 20-10 in a preseason game before 38,000. It also hosted the Mirage Bowl, the stadium was also used as a concert venue for superstars. This included the all-day For Freedom show, on April 4,1978, which was the farewell performance by Candies. On March 31,1981, Pink Lady, another top Japanese girl group of the time, in June 1987, Madonna sold all of the 65,000 available tickets for 3 concerts on the Whos That Girl Tour in a few hours. The second night was shown on TV in Japan and was released on VHS. Michael Jackson kicked off the Bad World Tour, his first tour as a solo artist, Korakuen Stadium closed on November 8,1987 and demolition proceeded soon after, which was completed in February 1988. The former site of the field area is now occupied by a high-rise. The remainder of the former site is a plaza for the Tokyo Dome
8.
Tokyo Giants
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The Yomiuri Giants are a professional baseball team based in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. The team competes in the Central League in Nippon Professional Baseball and they play their home games in the Tokyo Dome, opened in 1988. The teams owner is the Yomiuri Group, a conglomerate which includes two newspapers and a television network. The Giants are the oldest team among the current Japanese professional teams and their main rivalry is with the Hanshin Tigers, a team especially popular in the Kansai region. The Yomiuri Giants are regarded as The New York Yankees of Japan due to their popularity, past dominance of the league. The English-language press occasionally calls the team the Tokyo Giants, instead, the team is officially known by the name of its corporate owner, just like the Hanshin Tigers and Orix Buffaloes. The team is referred by fans and in news headlines and tables simply as Kyojin. The Yomiuri Giants name and uniforms were based on the New York Giants, the teams colors are the same colors worn by the National Leagues Giants. While prior Japanese all-star contingents had disbanded, Shōriki went pro with this group, in 1936, with the formation of the Japanese Baseball League, the team changed its name to Tokyo Kyojin. It won eight league championships under that name from 1936–1943, including at one point six championships in a row, pitcher Victor Starffin, nicknamed the blue-eyed Japanese, starred for the team until 1944. One of the premier pitchers, he won two MVP awards and a Best Nine award, and won at least 26 games in six different years. He followed his performance with another 38 wins in 1940. Pitcher Eiji Sawamura co-starred with Starffin on the Kyojin and he pitched the first no-hitter in Japanese pro baseball, on September 25,1936, as well as two others. In 1937, he went 33-10 with a 1.38 earned run average, from 1937 to 1943 Sawamura had a record of 63-22,554 strikeouts, and a 1.74 ERA. Sawamura enlisted in the Japanese Imperial Army in 1943, and was killed in battle when his ship was torpedoed near the end of World War II. Outfielder Haruyasu Nakajima was a featured hitter during the franchises first decade-and-a-half, Tetsuharu Kawakami was a team fixture from 1938–1958, winning the batting title five times, two home run crowns, three RBI titles, and had six titles for the most hits in a season. He was the first player in Japanese pro baseball to achieve 2,000 hits and was named the leagues MVP three times, leadoff man Shosei Go starred for the team from 1937–1943, winning league MVP in 1943. Only 5-foot-6 and 140 pounds, he was nicknamed The Human Locomotive due to his speed, pitcher Hideo Fujimoto pitched for the team for 12 seasons from 1942–1955
9.
Dunedin
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Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the Otago region. It is named for the capital of Scotland, generally Anglicised as Edinburgh, Dunedin was the largest New Zealand city by territorial land area until superseded by Auckland on the creation of the Auckland Council in November 2010. Dunedin was the largest city in New Zealand by population from the 1860s until about 1900, the city population at 5 March 2013 was 120,246. The Dunedin urban area lies on the central-eastern coast of Otago, the harbour and hills around Dunedin represent the remnants of an extinct volcano. The city suburbs extend out into the valleys and hills, onto the isthmus of the Otago Peninsula, and along the shores of the Otago Harbour. The citys most important activity in economic terms centres around tertiary education – Dunedin is home to the University of Otago, New Zealands first university, and the Otago Polytechnic. Students account for a proportion of the population,21.6 percent of the citys population was aged between 15 and 24 at the 2006 census, compared to the New Zealand average of 14.2 percent. In 2014 Dunedin was designated as a UNESCO Creative City of Literature, archaeological evidence shows the first human occupation of New Zealand occurred between AD 1250–1300, with population concentrated along the southeast coast. A camp site at Kaikai Beach, near Long Beach, has dated from about that time. There are numerous sites in what is now Dunedin, several of them large and permanently occupied. The population contracted but expanded again with the evolution of the Classic culture which saw the building of several pā, fortified settlements, notably Pukekura at, there was a settlement in what is now central Dunedin occupied as late as about 1785 but abandoned by 1826. Maori tradition tells first of a people called Kahui Tipua living in the area, then Te Rapuwai, semi-legendary, the next arrivals were Waitaha followed by Kāti Mamoe late in the 16th century and then Kai Tahu who arrived in the mid 17th century. These migration waves have often represented as invasions in European accounts. They were probably migrations like those of the European which incidentally resulted in bloodshed, the sealer John Boultbee recorded in the 1820s that the Kaika Otargo were the oldest and largest in the south. Lieutenant James Cook stood off what is now the coast of Dunedin between 25 February 1770 and 5 March 1770, naming Cape Saunders and Saddle Hill and he reported penguins and seals in the vicinity, which led sealers to visit from the beginning of the 19th century. Permanent European occupation dates from 1831, when the Weller brothers founded their whaling station at Otago, modern Otakou, epidemics badly reduced the Maori population. By the late 1830s the Harbour had become an international whaling port, johnny Jones established a farming settlement and a mission station, the South Islands first, at Waikouaiti in 1840. After inspecting several areas around the eastern coast of the south island, the name comes from Dùn Èideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland
10.
University of California Marching Band
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The University of California Marching Band, usually shortened to Cal Band, is the marching band for the University of California, Berkeley. While the Cal Band is student-run, it is administered under the auspices of the university and represents Cal at sporting events and social gatherings. The name of the band is The University of California Band by the constitution, when the band marches out of Memorial Stadiums North Tunnel for football pre-games, it is referred to as The Pacesetter of College Marching Bands, the Pride of California. The Band is entirely student-run, save for one University-paid employee, the five student leaders and the Director form the Executive Committee. The Senior Manager, who is the bands formal liaison with the university, is elected by the previous Executive Committee, all the other student Executive Committee positions are elected by a majority vote of the Band membership. Unlike other major bands, students run rehearsals, pick the songs, chart shows, arrange trips. This allows members to build their resumes and gain work experience, presently, the Band has 240 members in the Fall of 2012 and is under the direction of Robert Calonico, himself an alumnus of the University and the Band, serving as its Student Director in 1976. The Cal Band has its roots in the University Cadet Band established in 1891, in 1923, the Band was sponsored by the Associated Students of the University of California and its student leadership structure was formalized two years later. In the early years, various faculty from the Music department were appointed director of the band through an arrangement with the ASUC. It is one of three bands in the Pac-12, and one of the few outside the Big Ten Conference. The Straw Hat Band, a subset of the Cal Band, was established that same year. After Professor Cushing resigned, the Music Department was asked to provide the ASUC with a new Director for the Band, coincidentally, James Berdahl was returning to Berkeley to work on his doctoral studies in music. The Music Department Chairman, Albert Elkus, convinced Berdahl to serve as acting Director of the Cal Band until the department could find a permanent replacement for Professor Cushing. Berdahl became permanent Director of the Cal Band at the end of the 1951 season, in the fall of 1968, Dr. David W. Tucker was hired as arranger and composer. He was appointed Associate Director in 1969 and his responsibilities with the Cal Band included rehearsing, auditioning prospective new members, and directing on the football field opposite director James Berdahl. For the 1971 season, during Berdahl’s sabbatical year in Japan, during the 1971 season, substantial podium time was taken by Assistant Director Robert O. Briggs. He was appointed acting director in 1972, and was director in 1973. In the 1970s, the Bands leadership structure was reorganized, a new constitution written
11.
George Duke
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George Duke was an American musician, known as a keyboard pioneer, composer, singer and producer in both jazz and popular mainstream musical genres. He worked with artists as arranger, music director, writer and co-writer, record producer. He first made a name for himself with the album The Jean-Luc Ponty Experience with the George Duke Trio. He was known primarily for thirty-odd solo albums, of which A Brazilian Love Affair from 1980 was his most popular, as well as for his collaborations with other musicians, George Duke was born in San Rafael, California. He was raised in Marin City and it was at the young age of 4 that Duke first became interested in the piano. His mother took him to see Duke Ellington in concert and subsequently told him about this experience, I dont remember it too well, says George, but my mother told me I went crazy. I ran around saying Get me a piano, get me a piano and he began his formal piano studies at the age of 7, at his local Baptist church. It was those early years that influenced his approach and feel. Duke attended Tamalpais High School in Mill Valley before earning a degree in trombone and composition with a minor in contrabass. Playing initially with friends from garages to local clubs, Duke quickly eased his way into session work and he later earned his masters degree in composition from San Francisco State University. Although he started out playing music he credited that his cousin Charles Burrell for convincing him to switch to jazz. Duke explained that he wanted to be free and Burrell more or less made the decision for me by convincing him to improvise, later he taught a course on Jazz And American Culture at Merritt College in Oakland. Duke appeared on a number of Frank Zappas albums through the 1970s, Frank Zappa played guitar solos on Dukes 1974 album, Feel - the instrumental Old Slippers, and Love - credited as Obdewll X, possibly due to contractual reasons. Duke covered two Zappa-composed songs on his 1975 album, The Aura Will Prevail, - Uncle Remus, Duke served as a record producer and composer on two instrumental tracks on Miles Davis albums, Backyard Ritual and Cobra. He has also worked with a number of Brazilian musicians, including singer Milton Nascimento, percussionist Airto Moreira, lynn Davis and Sheila E appeared on Dukes late-1970s solo albums Dont Let Go and Master of the Game. Duke was prominent in the R&B genre, releasing funk-based songs like Reach for It, in 1979 he traveled to Rio de Janeiro, where he recorded the album A Brazilian Love Affair, on which he employed singers Flora Purim and Milton Nascimento and percussionist Airto Moreira. The album contained music in an assortment of genres, including some Latin jazz. From a jazz standpoint, the albums most noteworthy songs include Nascimentos Cravo e Canela, Love Reborn, the track Brazilian Sugar was featured on the 2006 video game Dead or Alive Xtreme 2
12.
Hubert Laws
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Hubert Laws is an American flutist and saxophonist with a career spanning over 40 years in jazz, classical, and other music genres. After Eric Dolphy and alongside Herbie Mann, Laws is probably the most recognized and respected jazz flutist, Laws is one of the few classical artists who has also mastered jazz, pop, and rhythm-and-blues genres, moving effortlessly from one repertory to another. Hubert Laws, Jr. was born November 10,1939, in the Studewood section of Houston, Texas, many of his siblings also entered the music industry, including saxophonist Ronnie and vocalists Eloise, Debra and Johnnie Laws. He began playing flute in high school after volunteering to substitute for the orchestras regular flutist. He became adept at jazz improvisation by playing in the Houston-area jazz group the Swingsters, which evolved into the Modern Jazz Sextet, the Night Hawks. At age 15, he was a member of the early Jazz Crusaders while in Texas and he would return to this genre in 1976 with a recording of Tchaikovskys Romeo and Juliet. He appeared on albums by Ashford & Simpson, Chet Baker, George Benson and he recorded with his younger brother Ronnie on the album The Laws in the early 1970s. He played flute on Gil Scott-Herons 1971 album Pieces of a Man, during the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet. He can also be heard playing tenor saxophone on some records from the 1970s, in the 1990s Laws resumed his career, playing on the 1991 Spirituals in Concert recording by opera singers Kathleen Battle and Jessye Norman. He also recorded an album to jazz pianist and pop-music vocalist Nat King Cole, Hubert Laws Remembers the Unforgettable Nat King Cole. In June 2010, Laws received an achievement award from the National Endowment for the Arts in the field of jazz. Laws is a recipient of the 2011 NEA Jazz Masters Award
13.
Jon Faddis
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Jon Faddis is an American jazz trumpet player, conductor, composer, and educator, renowned for both his playing and for his expertise in the field of music education. Upon his first appearance on the scene, he known for his ability to closely mirror the sound of trumpet icon Dizzy Gillespie. Jon Faddis was born in Oakland, California, in 1953, at 18, he joined Lionel Hamptons big band before joining the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra as lead trumpet. After playing with Charles Mingus in his twenties, Faddis became a noted studio musician in New York City, appearing on many pop recordings in the late 1970s. One such recording was Disco Inferno with the Players Association in which he plays trumpet recorded in 1977 on the LP Born to Dance. In the mid-1980s, he left the studios to continue to pursue his solo career, as of May 2010, Faddis leads the JFJONY, while continuing also to lead the Jon Faddis Quartet and the JFQ+2. In 2006, the Jon Faddis Quartet released the CD Teranga, featuring guests including Clark Terry, Russell Malone, Gary Smulyan, in 1999, Faddis released the Grammy-nominated Remembrances, which was composed almost entirely of ballads and featured work from Argentinian composer/arranger Carlos Franzetti. In 1997, Faddis composed the jazz opera Lulu Noire, which was presented at USA in Charleston, South Carolina, Faddis appeared in the 1998 movie Blues Brothers 2000. In the film, he plays trumpet with The Louisiana Gator Boys, Faddis is a first-call lead player in New York City and has an international reputation for his playing ability in the full range, particularly the highest registers, of the trumpet. His distinctive trumpet playing can be heard on themes including Lil Bill, The Wiz, alongside his playing career, Faddis is a noted educator for jazz and the trumpet, as well as a performing artist for Schilke Trumpets, manufactured in Melrose Park, Illinois. Faddis performs on a Schilke S-42L trumpet in gold-plate with slight modifications of his own design and he previously played a gold-plated B6L with the beryllium bell. His mouthpieces are custom-made by Scott Laskey, of Lombard, Illinois, Faddis is the uncle of Madlib and Oh No, acclaimed hip-hop producers
14.
Sonny Rollins
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Walter Theodore Sonny Rollins is an American jazz tenor saxophonist, widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians. In a seven-decade career, he has recorded at least sixty albums as leader and a number of his compositions, including St. Thomas, Oleo, Doxy, Pent-Up House, Rollins was born in New York City to parents from the United States Virgin Islands. The youngest of three siblings, he grew up in central Harlem and on Sugar Hill, receiving his first alto saxophone at the age of seven or eight and he attended Edward W. Stitt Junior High School and graduated from Benjamin Franklin High School in East Harlem. Rollins started as a pianist, changed to alto saxophone, during his high school years, he played in a band with other future jazz legends Jackie McLean, Kenny Drew, and Art Taylor. After graduating from school in 1947, Rollins began performing professionally. Between 1951 and 1953, he recorded with Miles Davis, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Charlie Parker, a breakthrough arrived in 1954 when he recorded his famous compositions Oleo, Airegin, and Doxy with a quintet led by Davis that also featured pianist Horace Silver. In 1955, Rollins entered the Federal Medical Center, Lexington, Rollins initially feared sobriety would impair his musicianship, but then went on to greater success. Rollins briefly joined the Miles Davis Quintet in the summer of 1955, later that year, he joined the Clifford Brown–Max Roach quintet, studio albums documenting his time in the band are Clifford Brown and Max Roach at Basin Street and Sonny Rollins Plus 4. A long blues solo on Saxophone Colossus, Blue 7, was analyzed in depth by the composer and critic Gunther Schuller in a 1958 article. In the solo for St. Thomas, Rollins uses repetition of a pattern, and variations of that pattern, covering only a few tones in a tight range. This is interrupted by a sudden flourish, utilizing a much wider range before returning to the former pattern, in his book The Jazz Style of Sonny Rollins, David N. Baker explains that Rollins very often uses rhythm for its own sake. He will sometimes improvise on a pattern instead of on the melody or changes. In 1956 he married the actress and model Dawn Finney, in 1956 he also recorded Tenor Madness, using Daviss group – pianist Red Garland, bassist Paul Chambers, and drummer Philly Joe Jones. The title track is the recording of Rollins with John Coltrane. In 1957, Rollins pioneered the use of bass and drums, without piano, as accompaniment for his saxophone solos, two early tenor/bass/drums trio recordings are Way Out West and A Night at the Village Vanguard. Way Out West was so named because it was recorded for California-based Contemporary Records, the Village Vanguard album consists of two sets, a matinee with bassist Donald Bailey and drummer Pete LaRoca and an evening set with bassist Wilbur Ware and drummer Elvin Jones. Rollins used the trio format intermittently throughout his career, sometimes taking the step of using his sax as a rhythm section instrument during bass. Lew Tabackin cited Rollinss pianoless trio as an inspiration to lead his own, Joe Henderson, David S. Ware, Joe Lovano, Branford Marsalis, and Joshua Redman have also led pianoless sax trios
15.
The Crusaders
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The Crusaders was an American jazz fusion group that was popular in the 1970s. The group was known as the Jazz Crusaders before shortening its name in 1971, after changing their name to The Jazz Crusaders, the group signed with Pacific Jazz Records, where they would remain throughout the 1960s. Employing a two-manned front-line horn section, the sound was rooted in hard bop, with an emphasis on R&B. The group shortened their name to The Crusaders in 1971, and adopted a jazz-funk style. They also incorporated the bass guitar, bass guitarist Robert Pops Popwell and guitarist Larry Carlton joined the band, and featured on the groups albums throughout most of the 1970s. With this new style came increased crossover appeal, and the recordings started to appear on the Billboard pop charts. In 1975, following the release of their 28th album, Henderson left the group to pursue a career as a record producer. His departure created a void, permanently changing the character of the group, another founding member, Hooper, left the group in 1983, thus signaling the end to the groups most popular period. Three more albums were recorded in the mid-1980s, however by the 1990s, The Crusaders, for the most part, had disbanded, in 1991, The Crusaders released Healing the Wounds. The album peaked at No.1 on the Top Contemporary Jazz chart, the group did not release any more albums during the decade, as Sample focused on a solo career. Henderson, who had left the group in 1975, revived the Jazz Crusaders moniker for 1995s Happy Again, the lineup for Happy Again included founding member Wilton Felder and former Crusaders guitarist Larry Carlton. In 2003, founding members Sample, Felder and Hooper revived The Crusaders, ray Parker Jr. and Eric Clapton played guitar on the album. That same year, the Henderson-led Jazz Crusaders released Soul Axess, in April 2010, Joe Sample announced a reunion tour with Wayne Henderson and Wilton Felder, the first reunion of these founding members of the Jazz Crusaders since 1974. Henderson died on April 5,2014, Joe Sample died in Houston on September 12,2014. Felder died on September 27,2015, power of Our Music, The Endangered Species Rural Renewal Soul Axess Alive in South Africa
16.
Freddy Hubbard
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Frederick Dewayne Freddie Hubbard was an American jazz trumpeter. He was known primarily for playing in the bebop, hard bop and post-bop styles from the early 1960s onwards and his unmistakable and influential tone contributed to new perspectives for modern jazz and bebop. Hubbard started playing the mellophone and trumpet in his band at Arsenal Technical High School in Indianapolis. In his teens Hubbard worked locally with brothers Wes and Monk Montgomery and worked with bassist Larry Ridley, six days later he returned the favor to Brooks, and recorded with him on True Blue. In December 1960, Hubbard was invited to play on Ornette Colemans Free Jazz after Coleman had heard him performing with Don Cherry, then in May 1961, Hubbard played on Olé Coltrane, John Coltranes final recording session for Atlantic Records. Together with Eric Dolphy, Hubbard was the only sideman who appeared on both Olé and Africa/Brass, Coltranes first album with Impulse, later, in August 1961, Hubbard recorded Ready for Freddie, which was also his first collaboration with saxophonist Wayne Shorter. Hubbard joined Shorter later in 1961 when he replaced Lee Morgan in Art Blakeys Jazz Messengers and he played on several Blakey recordings, including Caravan, Ugetsu, Mosaic, and Free For All. In all, during the 1960s, he recorded eight albums as a bandleader for Blue Note. Hubbard was described as the most brilliant trumpeter of a generation of musicians who stand with one foot in tonal jazz and the other in the atonal camp. Hubbard achieved his greatest popular success in the 1970s with a series of albums for Creed Taylor and his record label CTI Records, overshadowing Stanley Turrentine, Hubert Laws, and George Benson. In 1994, Hubbard, collaborating with Chicago jazz vocalist/co-writer Catherine Whitney, had set to the music of First Light. In 1977 Hubbard joined with Herbie Hancock, Tony Williams, Ron Carter and Wayne Shorter, members of the mid-sixties Miles Davis Quintet, for a series of performances. Several live recordings of group were released as VSOP, VSOP, The Quintet, VSOP, Tempest in the Colosseum and VSOP. Hubbards trumpet playing was featured on the track Zanzibar, on the 1978 Billy Joel album 52nd Street, the track ends with a fade during Hubbards performance. An unfaded version was released on the 2004 Billy Joel box set My Lives, Hubbard played at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1980 and in 1989. He played with Woody Shaw, recording with him in 1985, in 1988 he teamed up once more with Blakey at an engagement in the Netherlands, from which came Feel the Wind. In 1988, Hubbard played with Elton John, contributing trumpet and flugelhorn and trumpet solos on the track Mona Lisas and he also performed at the Warsaw Jazz Festival, at which Live at the Warsaw Jazz Festival was recorded. His best records ranked with the finest in his field, in 2006, the National Endowment for the Arts accorded Hubbard its highest honor in jazz, the NEA Jazz Masters Award
17.
The Tonight Show
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The Tonight Show is an American late-night talk show currently broadcast from the Rockefeller Center in New York City and airing on NBC since 1954. It is the worlds longest-running talk show, and the longest running and it is the third-longest-running show on NBC, after the news-and-talk shows Today and Meet the Press. Over the course of more than 60 years, The Tonight Show has undergone only minor title changes and it aired under the name Tonight for several of its early years, eventually settling on The Tonight Show after the seating of long-time host Johnny Carson in 1962. In 1957, the show briefly tried a more news-style format and it has otherwise remained a talk show throughout its run. The Tonight Show began broadcasting in 1954 and it has had six official hosts, beginning with Steve Allen, followed by Jack Paar, Johnny Carson, Jay Leno, Conan OBrien, and Jimmy Fallon. It has had recurring guest hosts, a practice especially common during the Paar. Carson is the longest-serving host to date, the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson aired for 30 seasons between October 1962 and May 1992. Leno, however, has the record of having hosted the greatest number of total televised episodes, during Johnny Carsons first eighteen years, the show ran for ninety minutes. During Johnnys 1980 contract negotiations, the show was shortened to sixty minutes, besides the guest hosts Johnny used, NBC ran The Best of Carson which was reruns of popular older shows Johnny had done. Prior to the starting of Saturday Night Live in 1975, NBC showed The Best of Carson on Saturday nights at 11,30 pm, outside of its brief run as a news show in 1957, OBrien is the shortest-serving host. OBrien hosted 146 episodes over the course of less than eight months, current host Fallon took the helm on February 17,2014. Fallon had previously hosted Late Night, and before Late Night he was a member of the cast of Saturday Night Live. From 1950 to 1951 NBC aired Broadway Open House, a variety show hosted primarily by comic Jerry Lester. Broadway… demonstrated the potential for late-night network programming. The format of The Tonight Show can be traced to a nightly 40-minute local program in New York, hosted by Allen and it was quickly retitled The Steve Allen Show. This premiered in 1953 on WNBT-TV, the local affiliate in New York City. Beginning in September 1954, it was renamed Tonight. and began its run on the full NBC network. Notes for hosting history The first Tonight announcer was Gene Rayburn, when the show became a success, Allen got a primetime Sunday comedy/variety show in June 1956, leading him to share Tonight hosting duties with Ernie Kovacs during the 1956–57 season
18.
Patrice Rushen
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Patrice Louise Rushen is an American jazz pianist and R&B singer. She is also a composer, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter and her 1982 single, Forget Me Nots, received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. Rushen had great success on the R&B and dance charts, Havent You Heard went number 7 on the R&B charts, Rushen is the elder of two daughters born to Allen and Ruth Rushen. In her teens, she attended south LAs Locke High School, Rushen married Marc St. Louis, a concert tour manager and live show production specialist, in 1986. Her nickname is Babyfingers, a reference to her small hands, in 2005, Rushen received an Honorary Doctorate of Music degree from Berklee College of Music. She has been a member of jazz fusion band CAB and her song Hang it Up was featured on the 2005 video game Fahrenheit. The Women of Brewster Place The Midnight Hour TV Series Herself Robert Townsends HBO variety show series, Partners in Crime Hogan, retrieved 2007-05-09. com Patrice Rushen Interview NAMM Oral History Program
19.
Bill Evans
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William John Bill Evans was an American jazz pianist and composer who mostly worked in a trio setting. In 1955, he moved to New York City, where he worked with bandleader, in 1958, Evans joined Miles Daviss sextet, where he was to have a profound influence. In 1959, the band, then immersed in modal jazz, recorded Kind of Blue, in late 1959, Evans left the Miles Davis band and began his career as a leader with Scott LaFaro and Paul Motian, a group now regarded as a seminal modern jazz trio. In 1961, ten days recording the highly acclaimed Sunday at the Village Vanguard and Waltz for Debby. After months of seclusion, Evans re-emerged with a new trio, in 1963, Evans recorded Conversations with Myself, an innovative solo album using the unconventional technique of overdubbing over himself. In 1966, he met bassist Eddie Gómez, with whom he would work for eleven years, several successful albums followed, such as Bill Evans at the Montreux Jazz Festival, Alone and The Bill Evans Album, among others. Many of his compositions, such as Waltz for Debby, have become standards and have played and recorded by many artists. Evans was honored with 31 Grammy nominations and seven awards, and was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame, Bill Evans was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, to Harry and Mary Evans. His father was of Welsh descent and ran a course, his mother was of Rusyn ancestry. The marriage was due to his fathers heavy drinking, gambling. He had a brother, Harry, two years his senior, with whom he shared a close relationship. Given Harry Evans Sr. s destructive character, Mary Evans would often leave home with her sons to nearby Somerville, to stay with her sister Justine, there, Harry began piano lessons somewhere between age 5 and 7 with local teacher Helen Leland. Even though Bill was thought to be too young to receive lessons, soon both brothers were taking piano lessons. Evans remembered Leland with affection for not insisting on a technical approach, with scales. He would soon develop a fluid sight-reading ability, though his teacher rated his brother as a better pianist, at age 7, Bill began violin lessons, and soon also flute and piccolo. Even though he soon dropped those instruments, it is believed they later influenced his keyboard style and he later cited Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert as frequently played composers. Around the same time came his first exposure to jazz. At the age of 13, Bill stood in for a sick pianist in Buddy Valentinos rehearsal band, soon, Bill began to perform for dances and weddings throughout New Jersey, playing music like boogie woogie and polkas for $1 per hour
20.
Earl Hines
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Earl Kenneth Hines, universally known as Earl Fatha Hines, was an American jazz pianist and bandleader. He was one of the most influential figures in the development of piano and. The trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie wrote, The piano is the basis of modern harmony and this little guy came out of Chicago, Earl Hines. He changed the style of the piano and you can find the roots of Bud Powell, Herbie Hancock, all the guys who came after that. If it hadnt been for Earl Hines blazing the path for the generation to come. There were individual variations but the style of, the modern piano came from Earl Hines. The pianist Lennie Tristano said, Earl Hines is the one of us capable of creating real jazz. Horace Silver said, He has a unique style. No one can get that sound, no other pianist, Erroll Garner said, When you talk about greatness, you talk about Art Tatum and Earl Hines. Count Basie said that Hines was the greatest piano player in the world, Hines was born in Duquesne, Pennsylvania,12 miles from the center of Pittsburgh, in 1903. His father, Joseph Hines, played cornet and was the leader of the Eureka Brass Band in Pittsburgh, Hines intended to follow his father on cornet, but blowing hurt him behind the ears, whereas the piano did not. The young Hines took lessons in playing classical piano, by the age of eleven he was playing the organ in his Baptist church. He had an ear and a good memory and could replay songs after hearing them in theaters and park concerts. That astonished a lot of people and theyd ask where I heard these numbers, later, Hines said that he was playing piano around Pittsburgh before the word jazz was even invented. With his fathers approval, Hines left home at the age of 17 to take a job playing piano with Lois Deppe and His Symphonian Serenaders in the Liederhaus and he got his board, two meals a day, and $15 a week. Deppe, a well-known baritone concert artist who sang both classical and popular songs, also used the young Hines as his concert accompanist and took him on his trips to New York. In 1921 Hines and Deppe became the first African Americans to perform on radio, Hiness first recordings were accompanying Deppe – four sides recorded for Gennett Records in 1923, still in the very early days of sound recording. Only two of these were issued, one of which was a Hines composition, Congaine, a keen snappy foxtrot, which also featured a solo by Hines
21.
Bill Watrous
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William Russell Watrous III is a jazz trombonist. He is perhaps best known by fans of jazz music for his rendition of Sammy Nesticos arrangement of the Johnny Mandel ballad A Time for Love. A self-described bop-oriented player, he is known among fellow trombonists as a master technician. Watrous father, also a drummer, introduced him to the instrument at an early age, while serving in the U. S. Navy, Watrous studied with jazz pianist and composer Herbie Nichols. His first professional performances were in Billy Butterfields band, Watrous career blossomed in the 1960s. He played and recorded with jazz luminaries, including Maynard Ferguson, Woody Herman, Quincy Jones, Johnny Richards. He also played in the band on the Merv Griffin Show from 1965–1968. In 1971, he played with the fusion group Ten Wheel Drive. Also in the 1970s, Watrous formed his own band, The Manhattan Wildlife Refuge Big Band, the band was later renamed Refuge West when Watrous moved to southern California. He has continued to work since the 1980s as a bandleader, studio musician, in 1983, Watrous collaborated with Alan Raph to publish Trombonisms, an instructional manual covering performance techniques for trombone. He has recorded as a solo artist, bandleader, and in small ensembles and these recordings include a Japanese Import album in 2001 containing material recorded in 1984 with Carl Fontana, whom Watrous has cited as his favorite trombonist. He travels to San Diego periodically to play with his friend and former student, Dave Scott. Watrous has resided in the Los Angeles, California, area since the late 1970s with his wife and he is on the music faculty at the University of Southern California Thornton School of Music
22.
Bobby McFerrin
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Robert Keith Bobby McFerrin Jr. is an American jazz vocalist and conductor. He is widely known for performing and recording regularly as a solo vocal artist. He has frequently collaborated with artists from both the jazz and classical scenes. McFerrins song Dont Worry, Be Happy was a No.1 U. S. pop hit in 1988 and won Song of the Year and Record of the Year honors at the 1989 Grammy Awards. McFerrin has also worked in collaboration with instrumentalists, including pianists Chick Corea, Herbie Hancock, and Joe Zawinul, drummer Tony Williams, and cellist Yo-Yo Ma. As a vocalist, McFerrin often switches rapidly between modal and falsetto registers to create polyphonic effects, performing both the melody and the accompanying parts of songs. He makes use of percussive effects created both with his mouth and by tapping on his chest, McFerrin is also capable of multiphonic singing. A document of McFerrins approach to singing is his 1984 album The Voice, McFerrins first recorded work, the self-titled album Bobby McFerrin, was not produced until 1982, when McFerrin was already 32 years old. Before that, he had spent six years developing his musical style and he was influenced by Keith Jarrett, who had achieved great success with a series of improvised piano concerts including The Köln Concert of 1975, and wanted to attempt something similar vocally. In 1984 McFerrin performed onstage at the Playboy Jazz Festival in Los Angeles as a member of Herbie Hancocks VSOP II sharing horn trio parts with the Marsalis Brothers. In 1986, McFerrin was the voice of Santa Bear in Santa Bears First Christmas and that same year, he performed the theme song for the opening credits of Season 4 of The Cosby Show. In 1988, McFerrin recorded the song Dont Worry, Be Happy, the songs success ended McFerrins musical life as he had known it, and he began to pursue other musical possibilities on stage and in recording studios. The song was used in George H. W. Bushs 1988 U. S. presidential election as Bushs 1988 official presidential campaign song, at that time, he performed on the PBS TV special Sing Out America. McFerrin sang a Wizard of Oz medley during that television special, in 1989, he composed and performed the music for the Pixar short film Knick Knack. The rough cut to which McFerrin recorded his vocals had the words blah blah in place of the end credits. McFerrin spontaneously decided to sing blah blah as lyrics. Also in 1989, he formed a ten-person Voicestra which he featured on both his 1990 album Medicine Music and in the score to the 1989 Oscar-winning documentary Common Threads, the song Common Threads has frequently reappeared in some public service advertisements about AIDS. McFerrin also performed with the Vocal Summit, a modified version of the song Thinkin About Your Body from the album Spontaneous Inventions was used in a series of UK Cadburys chocolate adverts in 1989/1990
23.
Christian McBride
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Christian Lee McBride is an American jazz bassist. He is considered a virtuoso, and is one of the most recorded musicians of his generation and he is also a five-time Grammy award winner. McBride was born to Renee McBride in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and his father, Lee Smith, and his great uncle, Howard Cooper, are well known Philadelphia bassists who served as McBrides early mentors. After starting on bass guitar, McBride switched to double bass, McBride was heralded as a teen prodigy, having joined saxophonist Bobby Watsons group at the age of 17. From 17 to 22, McBride played in the bands of musicians such as Watson, Freddie Hubbard, Benny Golson, Milt Jackson. Johnson and Hank Jones as well as his peers such as Roy Hargrove, Benny Green, in 1996, jazz bassist Ray Brown formed a group called SuperBass built around McBride and fellow Brown protégé John Clayton. The group released two CDs, SuperBass, Live at Scullers and SuperBass 2, Live at the Blue Note, McBride was a member of Joshua Redmans Quartet in the 1990s with pianist Brad Mehldau and drummer Brian Blade. In 1995 McBride began leading his own groups after his debut CD Gettin To It was released, saxophonist Tim Warfield, pianists Charles Craig and Joey Calderazzo, and drummers Carl Allen and Greg Hutchinson are among the musicians who played in McBrides early groups. As writer Alan Leeds stated in 2003, it was one of the most intoxicating, the band released two CDs – Vertical Vision and their Live at Tonic three-CD set was released in 2006. In 1996, McBride contributed to the AIDS benefit album Offbeat, McBride primarily plays double bass, but is equally adept on the electric bass. He played bass for the collaborative project The Philadelphia Experiment, which included keyboardist Uri Caine, other projects have included tours and recordings with the Pat Metheny Trio, the Bruce Hornsby Trio, and Queen Latifah. Like Paul Chambers, McBride can solo by playing his bass arco style, in 2006, McBride was named to the position of Creative Chair for Jazz with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, taking over from Dianne Reeves. He was initially signed to a contract that was subsequently renewed for an additional two years. He was eventually succeeded by Herbie Hancock in 2010, McBride performed with Sonny Rollins and Roy Haynes at Carnegie Hall on September 18,2007, in commemoration of Rollins 50th anniversary of his first performance there. McBride was also tapped by CBS to be a producer for the tribute to Rollins on the 2011 Kennedy Center Honors broadcast, in 2008, McBride joined John McLaughlin, Chick Corea, Kenny Garrett and Vinnie Colaiuta in a jazz fusion supergroup called the Five Peace Band. They released a CD in February 2009 and completed their tour in May of that year, as Brian Blade took over for Vinnie Colaiuta as drummer in Asia. In March 2016, McBride was named director of the Newport Jazz Festival, succeeding the festivals founder and artistic director. Christian is married to singer and educator Melissa Walker
24.
Joe Lovano
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Joseph Salvatore Joe Lovano is an American jazz saxophonist, alto clarinetist, flautist, and drummer. He is married to jazz singer Judi Silvano with whom he records, Lovano was a longtime member of a trio led by drummer Paul Motian. Lovano was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to Sicilian-American parents and his fathers family came from Alcara Li Fusi in Sicily, and his mothers family came from Cesarò, also in Sicily. Lovano started on alto at age six and switched to tenor five years later, John Coltrane, Dizzy Gillespie, and Sonny Stitt were among his earlier influences. After graduating from Euclid High School in 1971, he went to Berklee College of Music, after Berklee he worked with Jack McDuff and Dr. Lonnie Smith. After three years with Woody Hermans orchestra, Lovano moved to New York and began playing regularly with Mel Lewiss Big Band and this influence is still present in his solos. He often plays lines that convey the rhythmic drive and punch of a horn section. In the early 1980s Lovano began working in John Scofields quartet, steeped in the tradition of Ornette Coleman, Motians recordings show off Lovanos avant-garde abilities. In 1993, at the suggestion of musicologist Gunther Schuller, fellow Clevelander and he was a major mentor for all of us round here, said Lovano. In 1999, having developed dementia, DeArango was taken into a nursing home, two hours after Lovano left, DeArango died. He knew we were there, said Lovano, Lovanos Quartets, Live at the Village Vanguard, garnered a Down Beat Jazz Album of the Year award. Other releases include Trio Fascination and 52nd Street Themes, in the late 1990s, he formed the Saxophone Summit with Dave Liebman and Michael Brecker. Lovano played the saxophone on the 2007 McCoy Tyner album Quartet. In 2006 Lovano released Streams of Expression, a tribute to cool jazz and he did this with the help of Gunther Schuller, who contributed his Birth of the Cool Suite. Lovano and pianist Hank Jones released an album together in June 2007, although the follow-up was not approached as such, Bird Songs was a tribute to Charlie Parker. On Cross Culture, the subsequent album by Us Five, released in 2013 on Blue Note. Lovano saw the occasion to play a variety of reed and percussion instruments he had been colleting since the late 1970s. Ubergirl bassist Spalding is replaced by Peter Slavov for six of the tracks, the idea wasnt just to play at the same time, but to collectively create music within the music, Lovano wrote in the liner notes to Cross Culture
25.
Slide Hampton
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Locksley Wellington Slide Hampton is an American jazz trombonist, composer and arranger. Described by critics as a composer, arranger and uniquely gifted trombone player. As his nickname implies, Hamptons main instrument is slide trombone, Slide Hampton was born in Jeannette, Pennsylvania. Laura and Clarke Deacon Hampton raised 12 children, taught them how to play musical instruments, the family first came to Indianapolis in 1938. The Hamptons were a musical family in which mother, father, eight brothers. Slide Hampton is one of the few left-handed trombone players, as a child, Hampton was given the trombone set up to play left-handed, or backwards, and as no one ever dissuaded him, he continued to play this way. At the age of 12, Slide played in his familys Indianapolis jazz band, by 1952, at the age of 20, he was performing at Carnegie Hall with the Lionel Hampton Band. In 1958, he recorded with trombone masters on the release of Melba Liston, Melba Liston. In 1962, he formed the Slide Hampton Octet, with horn players Booker Little, Freddie Hubbard, the band toured the U. S. and Europe and recorded on several labels. In 1968 he toured with Woody Herman orchestra, settling in Europe where he remained until 1977 and he taught at Harvard, artist-in-residence in 1981, the University of Massachusetts, De Paul University in Chicago, and Indiana State University. During this period he led his own nine-trombone, three-rhythm band, World of Trombones, co-led Continuum and he also appeared on The Cosby Show 1986. The episode entitled Play It Again, Russell, Hampton also played the trombone in Diana Ross Live. Jazz & Blues, Stolen Moments DVD, on June 4,2006, Hampton promoted his first concert at The Tribeca PAC in New York City and debuted the Slide Hampton™ Ultra Big Band. The concert was the first of many planned for the near future, Hampton is a resident of North New Jersey. He is the uncle of Chicago jazz trumpeter Pharez Whitted,2009 saw the completion of four new compositions entitled A Tribute to African-American Greatness. The songs honored Nelson Mandela, Oprah Winfrey, Tiger Woods, Venus Williams, Serena Williams, the songs contained accompanying lyrics written by Hampton and Tony Charles, arrangements honoring Thelonious Monk, Thad Jones, Eddie Harris, Dexter Gordon and Gil Evans round out the program. The album will be recorded in 2010 and he recently completed two new Big Band arrangements – In Case of Emergency and The Drum Song. These two songs will be available exclusively to universities and other institutions through Slide Hampton Musique Publishing
26.
Jimmy Heath
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James Edward Heath, nicknamed Little Bird, is an American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger and big band leader. He is the brother of bassist Percy Heath and drummer Albert Heath, during World War II, Heath was rejected for the draft for being under the weight limit. From late 1945 through most of 1946 he performed with the Nat Towles band, in 1946 he formed his own band, which was a fixture on the Philly jazz scene until 1949. John Coltrane was one of four saxophonists in this band, which played gigs with Charlie Parker, although Heath recalls that the band recorded a few demos on acetate, it never released any recordings, and its arrangements were lost at a Chicago train station. The band dissolved in 1949 so that Heath could join Dizzy Gillespies band, one of Heaths earliest big bands in Philadelphia included John Coltrane, Benny Golson, Specs Wright, Cal Massey, Johnny Coles, Ray Bryant, and Nelson Boyd. Charlie Parker and Max Roach sat in on one occasion and he briefly joined Miles Daviss group in 1959, replacing Coltrane, and also worked with Kenny Dorham and Gil Evans. Heath recorded extensively as leader and sideman, during the 1960s, he frequently worked with Milt Jackson and Art Farmer. In 1975, he and his brothers formed the Heath Brothers, Heath composed most of the 1956 Chet Baker and Art Pepper album Playboys. In the 1980s, Heath joined the faculty of the Aaron Copland School of Music at Queens College in the City University of New York. With the rank of Professor, he led the creation of the Jazz Program at Queens College and attracted prominent musicians such as Donald Byrd to the campus. He also served on the Board of the Louis Armstrong Archives on campus, in addition to teaching at Queens College for over twenty years, he has also taught at Jazzmobile. Heath was a recipient of the 2003 NEA Jazz Masters Award, in 2004, he was awarded an honorary Doctorate in Human Letters. Heath is the father of R&B songwriter/musician James Mtume,1959, The Thumper 1960, Really Big. 1960, Kenny Dorham – Show Boat 1961, Don Sleet - All Members 1961, Milt Jackson – Vibrations 1961, Elmo Hope – Homecoming. S. O Chico y Rita Film
27.
Michael Brecker
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Michael Leonard Brecker was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Acknowledged as a quiet, gentle musician widely regarded as the most influential tenor saxophonist since John Coltrane and he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2004, and was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007. Brecker died from complications of leukemia in New York City and his funeral was held on January 15,2007 in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. Michael Brecker was born in Philadelphia and raised in Cheltenham Township and his father Bob was a lawyer who played jazz piano and his mother Sylvia was a portrait artist. Michael Brecker was exposed to jazz at an age by his father. He grew up as part of the generation of musicians who saw rock music not as the enemy. Brecker began studying clarinet at age 6, then moved to alto saxophone in eighth grade, Dreams was short-lived, lasting only from 1969 through 1972, but Miles Davis was seen at some gigs prior to his recording Jack Johnson. Most of Breckers early work is marked by an approach informed as much by rock guitar as by R&B saxophone, after Dreams, he worked with Horace Silver and then Billy Cobham before once again teaming up with his brother Randy to form the Brecker Brothers. The band followed jazz-rock trends of the time, but with attention to structured arrangements, a heavier backbeat. The band stayed together from 1975 to 1982, with consistent success, Brecker was in great demand as a soloist and sideman. He performed with bands whose styles ranged from jazz to mainstream rock. Altogether, he appeared on over 700 albums, either as a member or a guest soloist. He put his stamp on pop and rock recordings as a soloist. His featured guest solos with James Taylor and Paul Simon are excellent examples of that strand of his work, for example, on Taylors 1972 album, One Man Dog, Breckers solo on the track Dont Let Me Be Lonely Tonight complements the other acoustic instruments and sparse vocal. On Simons 1975 album Still Crazy After All These Years, Breckers solo on the track is used to a similar effect. His solos are often placed in the bridge, or appended as a rideout coda, such a combination of musical structure and instrumentation typifies this jazz-rock fusion style. Brecker played tenor saxophone on two Billy Joel albums, in 1983, Brecker played on three tracks on the album An Innocent Man. In 1986, he played on Big Man on Mulberry Street on the album The Bridge, during the early 1980s, he was also a member of NBCs Saturday Night Live Band
28.
Chick Corea
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Armando Anthony Chick Corea is an American jazz and fusion pianist, keyboardist, and composer. Many of his compositions are considered jazz standards, as a member of Miles Daviss band in the late 1960s, he participated in the birth of the electric jazz fusion movement. In the 1970s he formed Return to Forever, along with Herbie Hancock, McCoy Tyner, and Keith Jarrett, he has been described as one of the major jazz piano voices to emerge in the post-John Coltrane era. Corea continued to other collaborations and to explore various musical styles throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He is also known for promoting and fundraising for a number of social issues, armando Corea was born in Chesterfield, Massachusetts. He is of southern Italian and Spanish descent and his father, a jazz trumpet player who had led a Dixieland band in Boston in the 1930s and 1940s, introduced him to the piano at the age of four. Growing up surrounded by music, he was influenced at an early age by bebop and stars such as Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Bud Powell, Horace Silver. At eight Corea also took up drums, which would influence his use of the piano as a percussion instrument. Corea developed his skills by exploring music on his own. He also spent several years as a performer and soloist for the St. Rose Scarlet Lancers, given a black tuxedo by his father, he started playing gigs when in high school. He enjoyed listening to Herb Pomeroys band at the time, and had a trio that played Horace Silvers music at a jazz club. He eventually decided to move to New York City, where he studied education for one month at Columbia University. He quit after finding both disappointing, but liked the atmosphere of New York, and the scene became the starting point for his professional career. Coreas first major gig was with Cab Calloway. Corea started his career in the 1960s playing with trumpeter Blue Mitchell and Latin musicians such as Herbie Mann, Willie Bobo. One of the earliest recordings of his playing is with Mitchells quintet on The Thing To Do. His first album as a leader was Tones for Joans Bones in 1966, two years before the release of his album Now He Sings, Now He Sobs, with Roy Haynes on drums and he made another sideman appearance with Stan Getz on 1967s Sweet Rain. From 1968 to 1971 Corea had associations with avant garde players, in September 1968 Corea replaced Herbie Hancock in the piano chair in Daviss band and appeared on landmark albums such as Filles de Kilimanjaro, In a Silent Way, and Bitches Brew
29.
Joe Henderson
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Joe Henderson was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. In a career spanning more than 40 years Henderson played with many of the leading American players of his day and recorded for several prominent labels, including Blue Note. From a family with five sisters and nine brothers, Henderson was born in Lima, Ohio and he dedicated his first album to them for being so understanding and tolerant during his formative years. Early musical interests included drums, piano, saxophone and composition, according to Kenny Dorham, two local piano teachers who went to school with Hendersons brothers and sisters, Richard Patterson and Don Hurless, gave him a knowledge of the piano. He was particularly enamored of his brothers record collection and it seems that a hometown drummer, John Jarette, advised Henderson to listen to musicians like Lester Young, Stan Getz, Dexter Gordon and Charlie Parker. He also liked Flip Phillips, Lee Konitz and the Jazz at the Philharmonic recordings, however, Parker became his greatest inspiration. His first approach to the saxophone was under the tutelage of Herbert Murphy in high school, in this period of time, he wrote several scores for the school band and rock groups. By eighteen, Henderson was active on the Detroit jazz scene of the mid-1950s, in late 1959, he formed his first group. By the time he arrived at Wayne State University, he had transcribed and memorized so many Lester Young solos that his professors believed he had perfect pitch, classmates Yusef Lateef, Barry Harris and Donald Byrd undoubtedly provided additional inspiration. He also studied music at Kentucky State College, while in Paris, he met Kenny Drew and Kenny Clarke. Then he was sent to Maryland to conclude his draft, in 1962, he was finally discharged and promptly moved to New York. He first met trumpeter Kenny Dorham, a guidance for him. That very evening, they went see Dexter Gordon playing at Birdland, Henderson was asked by Gordon himself to play something with his rhythm section, needless to say, he happily accepted. Although Hendersons earliest recordings were marked by a strong influence, his playing encompassed not only the bebop tradition. He soon joined Horace Silvers band and provided a solo on the jukebox hit Song for My Father. After leaving Silvers band in 1966, Henderson resumed freelancing and also co-led a big band with Dorham and his arrangements for the band went unrecorded until the release of Joe Henderson Big Band in 1996. From 1963 to 1968, Henderson appeared on nearly 30 albums for Blue Note, the recordings ranged from relatively conservative hard-bop sessions to more explorative sessions. In 1967, there was an association with Miles Daviss quintet featuring Hancock, Wayne Shorter, Ron Carter and Tony Williams
30.
Airto Moreira
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Airto Moreira is a Brazilian jazz drummer and percussionist. He is married to jazz singer Flora Purim, and their daughter Diana Moreira is also a singer and he currently resides in Los Angeles. Airto Moreira was born in Itaiópolis, Brazil, into a family of folk healers, shortly after, he followed his wife Flora Purim to the United States. After moving to the US, Moreira began playing regularly with musicians in New York. Through Booker, Moreira began playing with Joe Zawinul, who in turn introduced him to Miles Davis, at this time Davis was experimenting with electronic instruments and rock and funk rhythms, a form which would soon come to be called jazz fusion. Moreira was to participate in several of the most important projects of this musical form. He stayed with Davis for about two years, touring and participating in the creation of the seminal fusion recording Bitches Brew. Shortly after leaving Davis, Moreira joined other Davis alumni Zawinul, Wayne Shorter and Miroslav Vitous in their group Weather Report and he left Weather Report to join fellow Davis alumnus Chick Coreas new band Return to Forever. He played drums on Return to Forevers first two albums, Return to Forever and Light as a Feather in 1972 and he can be heard playing congas on Eumir Deodatos 1970s space-funk hit Also sprach Zarathustra on the album Prelude. He has also played with the Latin/fusion rock band Santana, with symphony orchestras, during live performances he often includes a samba solo, where he emulates the sound of an entire band using just a single pandeiro. In 1996, Moreira and his wife Flora Purim collaborated with P. M, dawn on the song Non-Fiction Burning for the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Rio, produced by the Red Hot Organization. Moreira was voted the number one percussionist in Down Beat Magazines Critics Poll for the years 1975 through 1982, in September 2002, Brazils President Fernando Henrique Cardoso added Moreira and Purim to the Order of Rio Branco, one of Brazils highest honors. 1970, Natural Feelings – Flora Purim, Hermeto Pascoal, Ron Carter,1971, Seeds on the Ground – Purim, Pascoal, Carter, Sivuca, Dom Um Romão, and Severino de Oliveira. LAvventura Brasiliana Di Flora Purim & Airto Moreira
31.
Cal Tjader
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Callen Radcliffe Cal Tjader, Jr. was an American Latin jazz musician, known as the most successful non-Latino Latin musician. He explored other jazz idioms, even as he continued to perform the music of Cuba, the Caribbean and he was accomplished on the drums, bongos, congas, timpani, and the piano. He worked with musicians from several cultures. He is often linked to the development of Latin rock and acid jazz, although fusing jazz with Latin music is often categorized as Latin jazz, Tjaders works swung freely between both styles. His Grammy award in 1980 for his album La Onda Va Bien capped off a career spanned over forty years. Callen Radcliffe Tjader, Jr. was born 16 July 1925 in St. Louis, Missouri and his father tap danced and his mother played piano, a husband-wife team going from city to city with their troupe to earn a living. When he was two, Tjaders parents settled in San Mateo, California, and opened a dance studio and his mother instructed him in classical piano and his father taught him to tap dance. He performed around the Bay Area as Tjader Junior, a tap-dancing wunderkind and he performed a brief non-speaking role dancing alongside Bill Bojangles Robinson in the film The White of the Dark Cloud of Joy. He joined a Dixieland band and played around the Bay Area, at age sixteen, he entered a Gene Krupa drum solo contest, making it to the finals and ultimately winning by playing Drum Boogie. The win was overshadowed by that event, Japanese planes had bombed Pearl Harbor. Tjader entered the United States Army in 1943 and served as a medic until 1946, upon his return he enrolled at San Jose State College under the G. I. Later he transferred to San Francisco State College, still intending to teach and it was there he took timpani lessons, his only formal music training. At San Francisco State he met Dave Brubeck, a young pianist also fresh from a stint in the Army, Brubeck introduced Tjader to Paul Desmond. The three connected with more players and formed the Dave Brubeck Octet with Tjader on drums, although the group only recorded one album, the recording is regarded as important due to its early glimpse at these soon-to-be-legendary jazz greats. After the octet disbanded, Tjader and Brubeck formed a trio, the Dave Brubeck Trio succeeded and became a fixture in the San Francisco jazz scene. Tjader taught himself the vibraphone during this period, alternating between it and the drums depending on the song, Brubeck suffered major injuries in a diving accident in 1951 in Hawaii and the trio was forced to dissolve. Jazz pianist George Shearing recruited Tjader in 1953 when Joe Roland left his group, Al McKibbon was a member of Shearings band at the time and he and Tjader encouraged Shearing to add Cuban percussionists. Tjader played bongos as well as the vibes, Drum Trouble was his solo feature
32.
Jean-Luc Ponty
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Jean-Luc Ponty is a French virtuoso violinist and jazz composer. Ponty was born into a family of musicians on 29 September 1942 in Avranches. His father taught violin, his mother taught piano, at sixteen, he was admitted to the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique de Paris, graduating two years later with the institutions highest honor, Premier Prix. In turn, he was hired by one of the major symphony orchestras, Concerts Lamoureux. While still a member of the orchestra in Paris, Ponty picked up a gig playing clarinet for a college jazz band that regularly performed at local parties. It proved a life-changing jumping-off point, a growing interest in the jazz sounds of Miles Davis and John Coltrane compelled him to take up the tenor saxophone. One night after a concert and still wearing his formal tuxedo. Within four years, he was accepted as the leading figure in jazz fiddle. At that time, Ponty was leading a musical life. The demands of this eventually brought him to a crossroads. Naturally, I had to make a choice, so I took a chance with jazz, at first, the violin proved to be a handicap, few at the time viewed the instrument as having a legitimate place in the modern jazz vocabulary. Critics said then that he was the first jazz violinist to be as exciting as a saxophonist, Pontys notoriety grew by leaps and in 1964 at age 22 he released his debut solo album for Philips, Jazz Long Playing. Then a 1966 live album called Violin Summit united Ponty playing live in Basel, Switzerland on stage such notable string players as Svend Asmussen, Stéphane Grappelli. That year also brought Sunday Walk, the first collaboration between Niels-Henning Orsted Pedersen and Ponty, through the late 60s and early 70s and throughout jazz-loving Europe, Ponty achieved mounting critical praise and ongoing popularity. In 1969 Frank Zappa composed the music for Jean-Lucs solo album King Kong, in 1972 Elton John invited Ponty to contribute to his Honky Chateau album. For the next decade Jean-Luc toured the world repeatedly and recorded 12 consecutive albums, all of which reached the Billboard jazz charts top five and his early Atlantic recordings like 1976s Aurora and Imaginary Voyage firmly established Jean-Luc Ponty as one of the leading figures in Americas growing jazz-rock movement. He went on to crack the top 40 in 1977 with the Enigmatic Ocean album, in 1984 a video featuring time-lapse images was produced by Louis Schwarzberg for the song Individual Choice. Along with Herbie Hancock, Ponty also became one of the first jazz musicians to have a music video
33.
Cannonball Adderley
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Julian Edwin Cannonball Adderley was a jazz alto saxophonist of the hard bop era of the 1950s and 1960s. Adderley is remembered for his 1966 single Mercy, Mercy, Mercy, a hit on the pop charts. He was the brother of jazz cornetist Nat Adderley, a member of his band. Originally from Tampa, Florida, Adderley moved to New York in 1955 and his nickname derived from cannibal, a title imposed on him by high school colleagues as a tribute to his voracious appetite. Cannonball moved to Tallahassee, when his parents obtained teaching positions at Florida A&M University, both Cannonball and brother Nat played with Ray Charles when Charles lived in Tallahassee during the early 1940s. Cannonball was a legend in Southeast Florida until he moved to New York City in 1955. One of his known addresses in New York was in the neighborhood of Corona and he left Florida originally to seek graduate studies at New York conservatories, but one night in 1955 he brought his saxophone with him to the Café Bohemia. Adderley formed his own group with his brother Nat after signing onto the Savoy jazz label in 1957 and he was noticed by Miles Davis, and it was because of his blues-rooted alto saxophone that Davis asked him to play with his group. He joined the Davis band in October 1957, three months prior to the return of John Coltrane to the group, some of Daviss finest trumpet work can be found on Adderleys first solo album Somethin Else, which was recorded shortly after the two giants met. Adderley then played on the seminal Davis records Milestones and Kind of Blue and this period also overlapped with pianist Bill Evans time with the sextet, an association that led to recording Portrait of Cannonball and Know What I Mean. His interest as an educator carried over to his recordings, in 1961, Cannonball narrated The Childs Introduction to Jazz, released on Riverside Records. The Cannonball Adderley Quintet featured Cannonball on alto sax and his brother Nat Adderley on cornet, Cannonballs first quintet was not very successful, however, after leaving Davis group, he formed another, again with his brother, which enjoyed more success. By the end of the 1960s, Adderleys playing began to reflect the influence of the jazz, avant-garde. On his albums from this period, such as Accent on Africa and The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free, he began doubling on soprano saxophone, showing the influence of Coltrane and Wayne Shorter. In 1975 he also appeared in a role alongside José Feliciano. Songs made famous by Adderley and his bands include This Here, The Jive Samba, Work Song, Mercy, Mercy, Mercy, a cover version of Pops Staples Why. also entered the charts. His instrumental Sack o Woe was covered by Manfred Mann on their debut album and he had a cerebral hemorrhage and four weeks later, on August 8,1975, he died at St. Mary Methodist Hospital in Gary, Indiana. He was buried in the Southside Cemetery, Tallahassee, later that year he was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame
34.
Herbie Mann
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Herbert Jay Solomon, known by his stage name Herbie Mann, was an American jazz flautist and important early practitioner of world music. Early in his career, he played tenor saxophone and clarinet. His most popular single was Hijack, which was a Billboard No.1 dance hit for three weeks in 1975, Mann emphasized the groove approach in his music. Mann felt that from his repertoire, the epitome of a record was Memphis Underground or Push Push. Herbie Mann was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Jewish parents, Solomon, who was of Russian descent, and Ruth Rose Solomon, who was born in Bukovina, Austria-Hungary but immigrated to the United States with her family at the age of 6. Both of his parents were dancers and singers, as well as dance instructors later in life and he attended Lincoln High School in Brighton Beach. His first professional performance was playing the Catskills resorts at age 15, in the 1950s Mann was primarily a bop flutist, playing in combos with artists such as Phil Woods, occasionally playing bass clarinet, tenor saxophone and solo flute. Mann was a pioneer of the fusion of jazz and world music. In 1959, following a State Department sponsored tour of Africa, in 1961 Mann toured Brazil, returning to the United States to record with Brazilian musicians, including Antonio Carlos Jobim and guitarist Baden Powell. These albums helped popularize bossa nova in the US and Europe and he often worked with Brazilian themes. In the mid-1960s Mann hired a young Chick Corea to play in some of his bands, in the late 1970s and early 1980s Mann played duets at New York Citys The Bottom Line and Village Gate clubs, with Sarod virtuoso Vasant Rai. and Bernard Purdie. In this period Mann had a number of pop hits — rare for a jazz musician, according to a 1998 interview Mann had made at least 25 albums that were on the Billboard 200 pop charts, success denied most of his jazz peers. Mann provided the music for the 1978 National Film Board of Canada animated short Afterlife, in the early 1970s he founded his own label, Embryo Records, distributed by Cotillion Records, a division of Atlantic Records. He later set up Kokopelli Records after difficulty with established labels, in 1996, Mann collaborated with Stereolab on the song One Note Samba/Surfboard for the AIDS-Benefit album Red Hot + Rio produced by the Red Hot Organization. Mann also played horns on the Bee Gees album Spirits Having Flown and he died in his home in Pecos, New Mexico, leaving his wife, Susan Janeal Arison, and four children, Paul Mann, Claudia Mann, Laura Mann-Lepik and Geoffrey Mann. Bio Further discography and biography National Public Radios Jazz Profiles, Herbie Mann Herbie Mann Official Website
35.
Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)
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Nancy Wilson is an American singer with more than seventy albums, and three Grammy Awards. She has been labeled a singer of blues, jazz, R&B, pop and soul, an actress. The title she prefers, however, is song stylist and she has received many nicknames including Sweet Nancy, The Baby, Fancy Miss Nancy and The Girl With the Honey-Coated Voice. On February 20,1937, Wilson was the first of six born to Olden Wilson, an iron foundry worker, and Lillian Ryan. Wilsons father would buy records to listen to at home, at an early age Wilson heard recordings from Billy Eckstine, Nat Cole, and Jimmy Scott with Lionel Hamptons Big Band. Wilson says, The juke joint down on the block had a jukebox and there I heard Dinah Washington, Ruth Brown, LaVerne Baker. Wilson became aware of her talent while singing in choirs, imitating singers as a young child. By the age of four, she knew she would become a singer. At the age of 15, while a student at West High School, the prize was an appearance on a twice-a-week television show, Skyline Melodies, which she ended up hosting. She also worked clubs on the east side and north side of Columbus, Ohio, unsure of her future as an entertainer, she entered college to pursue teaching. She spent one year at Ohios Central State College before dropping out and she auditioned and won a spot with Rusty Bryants Carolyn Club Big Band in 1956. She toured with them throughout Canada and the Midwest in 1956 to 1958, while in this group, Wilson made her first recording under Dot Records. When Wilson met Julian Cannonball Adderley, he suggested that she should move to New York City, in 1959, she relocated to New York with a goal of obtaining Cannonball’s manager John Levy as her manager and Capitol Records as her label. Within four weeks of her arrival in New York she got her first big break, the club booked Wilson on a permanent basis, she was singing four nights a week and working as a secretary for the New York Institute of Technology during the day. John Levy sent demos of Guess Who I Saw Today, Sometimes I’m Happy, Capitol Records signed her in 1960. Wilson’s debut single, Guess Who I Saw Today, was so successful that between April 1960 and July 1962 Capitol Records released five Nancy Wilson albums. Her first album, Like in Love, displayed her talent in Rhythm and Blues, Adderley suggested that she should steer away from her original pop style and gear her music toward jazz and ballads. In 1962, they collaborated, producing the album Nancy Wilson and Cannonball Adderley, which propelled her to national prominence, between March 1964 and June 1965, four of Wilsons albums hit the Top 10 on Billboards Top LPs chart
36.
Steelpan
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Steelpans is a musical instrument originating from Trinidad and Tobago. Steel pan musicians are called pannists, the modern pan is a chromatically pitched percussion instrument made from 55 gallon industrial drums that formerly contained chemicals. Steel pans are the instruments made to play in the Pythagorian musical cycle of fourths and fifths. The pan is struck using a pair of straight sticks tipped with rubber, some musicians use four pansticks, holding two in each hand. This skill and performance have been shown to have grown out of Trinidad. The pan is the instrument of Trinidad and Tobago. The celebration of carnivale had arrived with the French, slaves, who could not take part in carnival, formed their own, parallel celebration called canboulay. Stick-fighting and African percussion music were banned in 1880, in response to the Canboulay Riots and they were replaced by bamboo sticks beaten together, which were themselves banned in turn. In 1937 they reappeared in Laventille, transformed as an orchestra of frying pans, dustbin lids and these steelpans are now a major part of the Trinidadian music scene and are a popular section of the Canboulay music contests. In 1941, the United States Navy arrived on Trinidad, the pannists, who were associated with lawlessness and violence, helped to popularize steelpan music among the soldiers, which began its international popularization. The first instruments developed in the evolution of steelpan were Tamboo-Bamboos and these were hit onto the ground and with other sticks in order to produce sound. Tamboo-Bamboo bands included percussion of a bottle and spoon, by the mid-1930s, bits of metal percussion were being used in the tamboo bamboo bands, the first probably being either the automobile brake hub iron or the biscuit drum boom. The former replaced the gin bottle-and-spoon, and the latter the bass bamboo that was pounded on the ground, by the late 1930s their occasional all-steel bands were seen at carnival, and by 1940 it had become the preferred carnival accompaniment of young underprivileged men. The 55-gallon oil drum was used to make steelpans from around 1947, the Trinidad All Steel Percussion Orchestra, formed to attend the Festival of Britain in 1951, was the first steelband whose instruments were all made from oil drums. Members of TASPO included Ellie Mannette and Winston Spree Simon and they were featured on an album with him. Steelpans are built using sheet metal with a thickness between 0.8 and 1.5 mm. Historically, steelpans have been built from used oil barrels. Nowadays, many instrument makers do not rely on used steel containers and get the resonance bodies manufactured according to their preferences, in a first step, the sheet metal is stretched into a bowl shape. This process is usually done with hammers, manually or with the help of air pressure, the note pattern is then marked onto the surface, and the notes of different sizes are shaped and molded into the surface
37.
California Jazz Conservatory
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The California Jazz Conservatory, formerly known as the Jazzschool, is a privately owned non-profit music school for jazz students in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1997, the school won accreditation as a conservatory in early 2014 and it is the only American school with a year-round jazz music program. She first taught at then became the director of the Jazz Ensembles program at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1989 she left the Cal music department for teaching and professional performance, playing at various times with Sonny Rollins, Sheila E. Marian McPartland, Marlena Shaw. The California Jazz Conservatory enrolled about 130–150 students in its first quarter, taught by some 25 local jazz musicians, by 2001 the school enrolled 600 students each quarter. The street-level La Note space was used by the California Jazz Conservatory after hours as a classroom, in 2002 to suit its expansion the school moved to larger accommodations a few blocks away at 2087 Addison Street, leaving the cafe to operate separately. The performance space was named Hardymon Hall to memorialize Berkeley High Schools dynamic jazz educator Phil Hardymon who founded the Berkeley Jazz Project in 1975 for high school students. In January 2002 the inaugural performance in Hardymon Hall featured singer Madeline Eastman backed by pianist Frank Martin, bassist Peter Barshay, in 2009, the Jazzschool Institute began operating under the Jazzschool umbrella. The Jazzschool Institute was a music conservatory offering a Bachelor of Music degree to vocalists and instrumentalists. The Jazzschool Institute was superseded by the California Jazz Conservatory in late February 2014, California Jazz Conservatory students may be awarded scholarships such as the Mark Murphy Vocal Jazz Scholarship first given in 2009. Other established endowments include the Jamey Aebersold Scholarship and the William E. Robinson Scholarship, about 15% of the students are assisted financially with a scholarship. Jazz poet laureate Ishmael Reed enrolled in 1998 at the age of 60 to learn jazz piano and he studied under Muscarella through 2004, and inspired a class for teaching poetry composition intended for music
38.
Duke Ellington
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Edward Kennedy Duke Ellington was an American composer, pianist, and bandleader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death in a career spanning over fifty years. Ellington was based in New York City from the mid-1920s onward, in the 1930s, his orchestra toured in Europe. Some of the musicians who were members of Ellingtons orchestra, such as saxophonist Johnny Hodges, are considered to be among the best players in jazz, Ellington melded them into the best-known orchestral unit in the history of jazz. Some members stayed with the orchestra for several decades, a master at writing miniatures for the three-minute 78 rpm recording format, Ellington often composed specifically to feature the style and skills of his individual musicians. Ellington also recorded songs written by his bandsmen, for example Juan Tizols Caravan, and Perdido, after 1941, Ellington collaborated with composer-arranger-pianist Billy Strayhorn, whom he called his writing and arranging companion. With Strayhorn, he composed many extended compositions, or suites, following an appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival, in July 1956, Ellington and his orchestra enjoyed a major career revival and embarked on world tours. Ellington recorded for most American record companies of his era, performed in films, scoring several. His reputation continued to rise after he died, and he was awarded a special posthumous Pulitzer Prize for music in 1999, Ellington was born on April 29,1899, to James Edward Ellington and Daisy Ellington in Washington, D. C. Daisy primarily played parlor songs and James preferred operatic arias and they lived with his maternal grandparents at 2129 Ida Place, NW, in the West End neighborhood of Washington, D. C. Dukes father was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina, on April 15,1879, Daisy Kennedy was born in Washington, D. C. on January 4,1879, the daughter of a former American slave. James Ellington made blueprints for the United States Navy, when Ellington was a child, his family showed racial pride and support in their home, as did many other families. African Americans in D. C. worked to protect their children from the eras Jim Crow laws, at the age of seven, Ellington began taking piano lessons from Marietta Clinkscales. Daisy surrounded her son with dignified women to reinforce his manners, Ellingtons childhood friends noticed that his casual, offhand manner, his easy grace, and his dapper dress gave him the bearing of a young nobleman, and began calling him Duke. Ellington credited his chum Edgar McEntree for the nickname, I think he felt that in order for me to be eligible for his constant companionship, I should have a title. Though Ellington took piano lessons, he was interested in baseball. President Roosevelt would come by on his horse sometimes, and stop and watch us play, Ellington went to Armstrong Technical High School in Washington, D. C. He gained his first job selling peanuts at Washington Senators baseball games, in the summer of 1914, while working as a soda jerk at the Poodle Dog Café, Ellington wrote his first composition, Soda Fountain Rag. He created the piece by ear, as he had not yet learned to read, I would play the Soda Fountain Rag as a one-step, two-step, waltz, tango, and fox trot, Ellington recalled
39.
University of California, Berkeley
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The University of California, Berkeley, is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. In 1960s, UC Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. S, Department of Energy, and is home to many world-renowned research institutes and organizations including Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and Space Sciences Laboratory. Faculty member J. R. Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, Lawrence Livermore Lab also discovered or co-discovered six chemical elements. The Academic Ranking of World Universities also ranks the University of California, Berkeley, third in the world overall, in 1866, the private College of California purchased the land comprising the current Berkeley campus. Ten faculty members and almost 40 students made up the new University of California when it opened in Oakland in 1869, billings was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley. In 1870, Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, with the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students and held its first classes. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, by the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard. Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958, by 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments. During World War II, following Glenn Seaborgs then-secret discovery of plutonium, UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeleys ROTC program was established, and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeleys ROTC program, earning B. A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, in 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962, during the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed, ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay, in 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, Berkeley gained a reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement of 1964 and opposition to the Vietnam War. In the highly publicized Peoples Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land, then governor of California Ronald Reagan called the Berkeley campus a haven for communist sympathizers, protesters, and sex deviants. Modern students at Berkeley are less active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives
40.
Berkeley, California
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Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California. It is named after the 18th-century Anglo-Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley and it borders the cities of Oakland and Emeryville to the south and the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington to the north. Its eastern border with Contra Costa County generally follows the ridge of the Berkeley Hills, the 2010 census recorded a population of 112,580. It also has the Graduate Theological Union, one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world and it is one of the most politically liberal cities in the United States. The site of todays City of Berkeley was the territory of the Chochenyo/Huchiun band of the Ohlone people when the first Europeans arrived, other artifacts were discovered in the 1950s in the downtown area during remodeling of a commercial building, near the upper course of the creek. The first people of European descent arrived with the De Anza Expedition in 1776, today, this is noted by signage on Interstate 80, which runs along the San Francisco Bay shoreline of Berkeley. The De Anza Expedition led to establishment of the Spanish Presidio of San Francisco at the entrance to San Francisco Bay, luis Peralta was among the soldiers at the Presidio. For his services to the King of Spain, he was granted a vast stretch of land on the east shore of San Francisco Bay for a ranch, luis Peralta named his holding Rancho San Antonio. The primary activity of the ranch was raising cattle for meat and hides, eventually, Peralta gave portions of the ranch to each of his four sons. What is now Berkeley lies mostly in the portion that went to Peraltas son Domingo, with a little in the portion that went to another son, no artifact survives of the Domingo or Vicente ranches, but their names survive in Berkeley street names. However, legal title to all land in the City of Berkeley remains based on the original Peralta land grant, the Peraltas Rancho San Antonio continued after Alta California passed from Spanish to Mexican sovereignty after the Mexican War of Independence. The lands of the brothers Domingo and Vicente were quickly reduced to reservations close to their respective ranch homes, the rest of the land was surveyed and parceled out to various American claimants. Politically, the area that became Berkeley was initially part of a vast Contra Costa County, on March 25,1853, Alameda County was created from a division within Contra Costa County, as well as from a small portion of Santa Clara County. The area of Berkeley was at this period mostly a mix of land, farms and ranches. It was not yet Berkeley, but merely the part of the Oakland Township subdivision of Alameda County. In 1866, Oaklands private College of California looked for a new site, according to the Centennial Record of the University of California, In 1866…at Founders Rock, a group of College of California men watched two ships standing out to sea through the Golden Gate. Although the philosophers name is pronounced bark-lee, the pronunciation of the name has evolved to suit American English as burk-lee. The College of Californias College Homestead Association planned to raise funds for the new campus by selling off adjacent parcels of land, to this end, they laid out a plat and street grid that became the basis of Berkeleys modern street plan
41.
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry
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The UC Berkeley College of Chemistry is one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. It houses the departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, as of 2012-13, it has 815 undergraduates,526 graduate students, and 187 postdoctoral fellows. The Department of Chemistry is one of the largest and most productive in the world and it hosts 6 of the top 100 chemists worldwide by citation impact for 2000–2010, tied with MIT for the most of any institution. First established in 1872, the college awarded its first Ph. D. in 1885 to John Stillman, a Division of Chemical Engineering was established in 1946, becoming a department in 1957. The Department of Chemical Engineering changed its name to Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering in 2010 to reflect the focus of its faculty in the 21st century. The College offers three degrees, chemical engineering, chemistry, and chemical biology. Chemistry undergrads in the College of Chemistry also have the option to earn a B. A. in chemistry from the College of Letters, two double major programs with the College of Engineering exist, chemical engineering and materials science and engineering, and chemical engineering and nuclear engineering. Popular undergraduate courses such as Chem 4A and Chem 112A are taught by College of Chemistry faculty, graduate programs include the M. S. and Ph. D. in chemical engineering and Ph. D. in chemistry. 3 members of the faculty have been awarded the National Medal of Science, the College of Chemistry is located on the east side of the UC Berkeley campus. It includes Gilman Hall, a National Historic Landmark, where plutonium was first identified in 1941, pimentel Hall is one of the largest lecture halls on campus, and features a revolving stage to allow for setup of chemistry demos. The buildings of the College are linked by a network of underground hallways, tsien - Professor, Nobel laureate Harold C. Urey - Nobel laureate Henry Eyring - - National Medal of Science Willis Lamb - Nobel laureate in Physics Henry Taube - Nobel laureate Gordon Moore - cofounder of Intel Robert F. Curl, Jr
42.
UC Berkeley College of Engineering
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The College of Engineering is one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. Ranked third in the world, after the programs at MIT and Stanford, according to U. S. News & World Report. The college was established in 1931 from a merger of the Colleges of Mechanics, the College of Mining was integrated into the college in 1942. The college is situated in 14 buildings on the northeast side of the central campus. There are over 57,000 living graduates of the College of Engineering, living in all 50 states and nearly 100 countries, berkeleys chemical engineering department is under the College of Chemistry. There are approximately 3,200 undergraduates in the College of Engineering, representing all departments, undergraduate admissions to the College of Engineering is the most selective in the university as a whole. For the 2016-2017 application cycle, the rate has continued to stay at a low 8. 4%. The campus as a whole had a 17. 5% acceptance rate that year, applicants apply directly to one of the departments and enter as declared majors within their department. It is also possible to apply as Engineering Undeclared and enter the college, once within the college, it is possible to change majors with the approval of Engineering Student Services. It is extremely difficult for undergraduates in colleges at UC Berkeley to change college into Engineering. The College of Engineering accepts junior transfer applications for those who have completed at least 60 semester units at another college or university, preference is given to students at California Community Colleges. Only 9. 2% of the over 2,300 junior transfer applicants were admitted for the 2015-16 academic year. Dean Shankar Sastry has stated that the disparity between the colleges and the universitys acceptance rates is due to the failure to respond to the rise in demand for engineering degrees. 85% of undergraduates admitted to the college graduate from the college, the college has a 4-year graduation policy, with extra semesters approved only in certain cases. Engineering Student Services provides academic advising, peer tutoring, and career services to engineering students, various student organizations are run in conjunction with the college, including Pioneers in Engineering, Hackers @ Berkeley, Berkeley Engineers and Mentors, and the Open Computing Facility. Many students belong to the student chapters of their corresponding professional organizations, graduate admissions in the College of Engineering is administered by department. In Fall 2015, there were 492.5 masters and 1,337 doctorate students in the college, the colleges enrollment is approximately 26% women. Although the proportion of women has increased over time, issues of gender disparity in the college remain, according to a 2011 survey, female engineers reported a high number of instances of passive harassment, discrimination, and judgment
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UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design
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The College of Environmental Design, also known as the Berkeley CED, or simply CED, is one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. The school is located in Wurster Hall on the southeast corner of the main UC Berkeley campus. S. the Graduate Program in Architecture is currently ranked No.4 in the world through QS World University Rankings subject rankings. The Architecture program has also recognized as the top public program by the journal DesignIntelligence and is currently ranked No.6 in the United States. The Urban Planning program is currently ranked No.2 by Planetizen, the School of Architecture at Berkeley was developed by John Galen Howard in 1894 followed by the School of Landscape Architecture which began instruction in 1913 and City Planning in 1948. Originally, the school was located in North Gate Hall, Wurster Hall, the building which currently houses the college was built in 1964 and was designed by Joseph Esherick, Vernon DeMars, and Donald Olsen, members of the CED faculty. In March 2015, the college unveiled a 9 high 3D printed sculpture, entitled Bloom and this was the first printed structure of its type. Center for the Built Environment UrbanSim Official website
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UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science
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The College of Letters and Science is the largest of the 14 colleges at the University of California, Berkeley and encompasses the liberal arts. The college was established in its present state in 1915 with the merger of the College of Letters, the College of Social Science, as of the 2013-14 academic year, there were about 19,000 undergraduates and 2,763 graduate students enrolled in the college. L&S is organized into five divisions, Arts and Humanities, Biological Science, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Social Sciences, of the graduate divisions, Social Sciences is the most popular, followed by Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Arts and Humanities, and Biological Science. The Undergraduate Division serves the 19,000 undergraduate students in L&S, each division has its own administration, including a dean, associate dean, and assistant deans. Mark Richards, dean of the Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, serves as the Colleges executive dean, L&S has about 800 faculty members, including 13 Nobel laureates,3 Pulitzer Prize winners, and 12 MacArthur Fellows. The majority of undergraduates at the University are enrolled in the College of Letters, although freshman applicants indicate an area of interest on their applications, all freshmen in L&S enter as undeclared majors. This contrasts with other colleges at UC Berkeley, such as the College of Engineering. L&S undergraduates must declare a major before they begin their junior year, capped majors are impacted and have more stringent declaration policies. All undergraduates in L&S must complete classes in reading & composition, quantitative reasoning, foreign language, L&S offers a wide variety of graduate programs, including masters and doctorate programs. Many of these programs are ranked within the top five in their field by U. S. News, two programs, Jewish Studies and Near Eastern Religions, are joint programs with the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley. One program, Medical Anthropology, is a joint program with UCSF, the L&S graduate division serves 87 masters/first professional students and 2,676 doctoral students as of Fall 2013
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UC Berkeley College of Natural Resources
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The College of Natural Resources is the oldest college in the UC system. D. Programs and in International Trade, #1 by the National Research Council in Agricultural & Resource Economics, QS World Rankings recognizes the University of California, Berkeley, as the worlds leading university in Environmental Studies with 100 points in Academic Reputation. U. S. News also ranks it as the best global university for environment, a study of AJAE authors and their university affiliations found it to have the highest number of pages per research faculty member. Established in 1868 as the College of Agriculture under the federal Morrill Land-Grant Acts, missionaries sent west by the Home Mission Society of New York, however, created the College of California and eventually transferred its ownership to the State in 1855. By 1862, the State had secured the necessary to establish a college as a result of the Morrill Act. This college was known as the Agricultural Mining and Mechanical Arts College, on March 23,1868, Governor H. H. Haight combined the resources of this college with the College of California to create the first University of California. The Board of Regents began admitting women to the University of California in 1871, the College of Natural Resources is located on the northwest end of the UC Berkeley campus, and is composed of six buildings. It includes the group of Wellman, Hilgrad, and Giannini halls that composed the original college. This trio, known as the Agriculture Complex, is the most unified grouping of buildings on campus and they are on the National Register of Historic Places, and are visually unified by a Mediterranean landscape of olive and stone pine trees. Hilgrad was constructed six years later by the architect, and named after Eugene W. Hilgrad, professor of Agricultural Chemistry. Its neo-classical design is inscribed with the phrase To Rescue for Human Society the Native Values of Rural Life, Giannini Hall was designed by Howards co-worker, William Charles Hays, through an endowment from the Bancitaly Corporation in memory of their founder, Amadeo Giannini. Admissions to AREs graduate program are competitive, with an acceptance rate of 8. 8%. ARE offers one major, Bachelor of Science in Environmental Economics. Admissions to ESPMs graduate program are competitive, with an acceptance rate of 8. 75%. ESPM graduates may earn a Ph. D. in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, ESPM also offers five undergraduate majors, Conservation and Resource Studies, Environmental Sciences, Forestry and Natural Resources, Molecular Environmental Biology, and Society and Environment. NST offers doctoral degrees in Molecular and Biochemical Nutrition, as well as in Molecular Toxicology, the department oversees one undergraduate major program in Nutritional Sciences, with specialized tracks in Physiology & Metabolism, Dietetics, and Molecular Toxicology. Plant and Microbial Biology encompasses theoretical and applied research in ecology, computational biology, genomics, host-microbe interactions, physiology and it offers a Ph. D. in Plant or Microbial Biology, and oversees two similarly named undergraduate major programs
