1.
Single (music)
–
In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Girls Aloud
–
Girls Aloud are an English-Irish pop girl group, which was created through the ITV talent show Popstars, The Rivals in 2002. The group comprised singers Cheryl Cole, Nadine Coyle, Sarah Harding, Nicola Roberts, the group achieved a string of twenty consecutive top ten singles in the United Kingdom, including four number ones. They also achieved seven certified albums, of which two reached number one and they have been nominated for five Brit Awards, winning the 2009 Best Single for The Promise. The groups musical style was pop, but throughout their career they had experimented with electropop and dance-pop, Girls Alouds collaborations with Brian Higgins and his songwriting and production team Xenomania earned the group critical acclaim, due to an innovative approach to mainstream pop music. The group became one of the few UK reality television acts to achieve continued success, guinness World Records lists them as Most Successful Reality TV Group in the 2007 edition. They also hold the record for Most Consecutive Top Ten Entries in the UK by a Female Group in the 2008 edition, and are credited again for Most Successful Reality TV Group in the 2011 edition. The group was named the United Kingdoms biggest selling girl group of the 21st century. In March 2013, after the Ten, The Hits Tour, the group Girls Aloud was formed on 30 November 2002, in front of millions of viewers on ITVs Popstars, The Rivals. The concept of the programme, hosted by Big Brother presenter Davina McCall was to produce a boyband, following the initial success of HearSay, several thousand applicants attended auditions across the United Kingdom in hope of being selected. Ten girls and ten boys were chosen as finalists by judges Pete Waterman, Louis Walsh, Kimberley Walsh and Nicola Roberts, who had made it into the final fifteen but not the final ten, were chosen as their replacements. During October and November, the finalists took to the participating in weekly Saturday night live performances. Each week the contestant polling the fewest phone votes was eliminated, the group was named Girls Aloud and were managed by Louis Walsh until 2005 when Hilary Shaw replaced him. The new group competed with the winning group, One True Voice to have 2002s Christmas number one single. Girls Aloud won the battle with their single Sound of the Underground, produced by Brian Higgins, the song spent four consecutive weeks at number one and was certified platinum in March 2003. After the success of their first single Sound of the Underground, Girls Aloud spent five months recording the follow-up single, Sound of the Underground was completed in April 2003 and released the following month. The album entered the charts at two and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. The second single, No Good Advice, was released in May 2003 to similar success. Girls Alouds third single, Life Got Cold, charted at number three in August 2003, in November 2003, Girls Aloud released a cover version of the Pointer Sisters 1980s dance hit Jump
3.
Out of Control (Girls Aloud album)
–
Out of Control is the fifth and final studio album by British girl group Girls Aloud, released in the United Kingdom on 3 November 2008 by Fascination Records. Like their previous albums, it was crafted by the team of Brian Higgins. Out of Control builds on the sound of Girls Alouds previous albums, Out of Control debuted to positive reviews from contemporary music critics. The album debuted at No.1 on the UK Albums Chart, Girls Alouds first studio album to do so and it was certified 2x platinum in the UK and Ireland. It yielded three singles, including chart-topping The Promise, which was awarded Best British Single at the 2009 BRIT Awards, Girls Aloud announced they would begin work on their fifth studio album in May 2008, while on the Tangled Up Tour. Sarah Harding told MTV News that they had working on it all summer. Brian Higgins said, By the time we did the last album and they were ready to sell a million albums immediately, so they didnt something a bit highbrow. They needed something that would hit you right between the eyes The group has moved more and more into the mainstream, because that was what was required, Girls Alouds website describes Out of Control as their most exciting and thrilling album yet. According to Kimberley Walsh, the title came from Girls Alouds record company telling the girls, We dont know what to say. It also comes from a lyric in We Wanna Party, nicola Roberts revealed that the album was nearly titled Girls Aloud, Revolution, after the song Revolution in the Head. The artwork for Out of Control was revealed on Girls Alouds official website on 16 October 2008, the Sun described the album as a mixture of ballads and the relentlessly upbeat, catchy hits we have come to expect. Kimberley Walsh has said that the album is a lot older sounding, the girl group were very involved in the albums direction. The 60s thing is quite prominent, Walsh told the BBC, but its out of the ordinary. Nicola Roberts said that the album features a lot of 1980s-inspired electropop. Sarah Harding said that Girls Aloud wanted to stay upbeat but try something a bit different, I dont think anything weve ever done has ever sounded the same. But we have that same vibe whatever we do because of our vocals, Nadine Coyle said the aim from the beginning was to come up with songs that didnt sound like anything else out there. Walsh continued, We want to impress the fans with what we do, so tried to up our game with this album. Girls Aloud co-wrote four songs on the album, Love Is the Key, Miss You Bow Wow, Revolution in the Head, in particularly, the bridge of Love Is the Key was written by Kimberley Walsh
4.
A-side and B-side
–
The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
5.
CD single
–
This article is about the 12cm single. Not to be confused with 8cm single, the standard in the Red Book for the term CD single. A CD single is a single in the form of a standard size compact disc. It is not to be confused with the Mini CD single, the format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased, commercially released CD singles can vary in length from two songs up to six songs like an EP. Some contain multiple mixes of one or more songs, in the tradition of 12 vinyl singles, depending on the nation, there may be limits on the number of songs and total length for sales to count in singles charts. Containing four tracks, it had a limited print run. CD singles were first made eligible for the UK Singles Chart in 1987, the Mini CD single format was originally created for use for singles in the late 1980s, but met with limited success, particularly in the US. The smaller CDs were more successful in Japan and have become more common in Europe. By 1989, the CD3 was in decline in the US and it was common in the 1990s for US record companies to release both a two-track CD and a multi-track maxi CD. In the UK, record companies would also release two CDs but, usually, these consisted of three tracks or more each. Pressure from record labels made singles charts in some countries become song charts, allowing album cuts to chart based only on airplay, without a single ever being released. At the end of the 1990s, the CD was the single format in the UK, but in the US. In Australia, the Herald Sun reported the CD single is set to become extinct, while CD singles no longer maintain their own section of the store, copies are still distributed but placed with the artists albums. That is predominantly the case for popular Australian artists such as Jessica Mauboy, Kylie Minogue and, most recently, Delta Goodrem, the ARIA Singles Chart are now predominantly compiled from legal downloads, and ARIA also stopped compiling their physical singles sales chart. On a Mission by Gabriella Cilmi was the last CD single to be stocked in Kmart, Target and Big W, sanity Entertainment, having resisted the decline for longer than the other major outlets, has also ceased selling CD singles. In Greece and Cyprus, the term CD single is used to describe a play in which there may be anywhere from three to six different tracks. These releases charted on the Greek Singles Chart with songs released as singles, in September 2003, there was talk of ringtones for mobile phones outstripping CD singles sales for the year 2004
6.
Electropop
–
Electropop is a variant of synth-pop that places more emphasis on a harder, electronic sound. The genre has seen a revival of popularity and influence since the 2000s, the media in 2009 ran articles proclaiming a new era of different electropop stars and indeed, saw a rise in popularity of several electropop artists. In the Sound of 2009 poll of 130 music experts conducted for the BBC, lady Gaga had major commercial success since 2008 with her debut album The Fame. Music writer Simon Reynolds noted that Everything about Gaga came from electroclash, except the music, the second album by British singer Lily Allen released in 2009 called Its Not Me, Its You is largely electropop as opposed to her first ska album. Other female electropop acts that emerged were Ladyhawke, Kesha, Demi Lovato, Britney Spears, Selena Gomez, Elly Jackson of La Roux and Perfume. The Korean pop music scene has become dominated and influenced by electropop, particularly with boy bands and girl groups such as Super Junior, SHINee, F. Male acts that have emerged included British writer and producer Taio Cruz, who charted well in the U. S. along with one-man act Owl City, who had a U. S. number-one single, DJ Kaskade, and LMFAO. Singer Michael Angelakos of the Passion Pit said in a 2009 interview that while playing electropop was not his intention, so everything weve been put on to is electronic in nature. Music Projects with Propellerhead Reason, Grooves, Beats and Styles from Trip Hop to Techno
7.
Dance-pop
–
Dance-pop is a pop and dance subgenre that originated in the early 1980s. It is generally up-tempo music intended for nightclubs with the intention of being danceable, the genre, on the whole, tends to be producer-driven, despite some notable exceptions. Dance-pop borrowed influences from other genres, which varied by producer, artist, such include contemporary R&B, house, trance, techno, new jack swing, funk, synthpop, electropop and some forms of europop. Dance-pop is a mainstream style of music and there have been numerous pop artists. As the term started to go out of fashion by the late 1970s to early 1980s, other terms were commonly used to describe disco-based music, such as post-disco, club. Dance-pop music emerged in the 1980s as a combination of dance and pop, or post-disco, Dance-pop music was usually created, composed and produced by record producers who would then hire singers to perform the songs. In the beginning of the 80s disco was an anathema to the mainstream pop, according to prominent Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music, utilizing her charisma, chutzpah and sex appeal. Erlewine claimed that Madonna launched dance-pop and set the standard for the genre for the two decades. The staff of Vice magazine stated that her debut album drew the blueprint for future dance-pop, in the 1980s dance-pop was closely aligned to other up-tempo electronic genres, such as Hi-NRG. Prominent producers in the 1980s included Stock, Aitken and Waterman, during the decade, dance-pop borrowed influences from funk, new jack swing, and contemporary R&B. Other prominent dance-pop artists and groups of the 1980s included the Pet Shop Boys, Mel and Kim, Samantha Fox, Debbie Gibson, by the 1990s, dance-pop had become a major genre in popular music. Several dance-pop groups and artists emerged during the 1990s, such as the Spice Girls, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, Backstreet Boys, during the early 1990s, dance-pop borrowed influences from house music, as well as contemporary R&B and new jack swing. Additionally, also in 1998, Cher released a song called Believe which made usage of a technological innovation of the time. An audio processor and a form of pitch modification software, Auto-Tune is commonly used as a way to correct pitch, since the late 1990s, the use of Auto-Tune processing has become a common feature of dance-pop music. Celine Dion also released a dance-pop song Thats the Way It Is by the end of 1999 and it has a moderately slow tempo but an up-beat song. At the beginning of the 2000s, dance-pop music was still prominent, nonetheless, as R&B and hip hop became extremely popular from the early part of the decade onwards, dance-pop often borrowed a lot of its influences from urban music. Dance-pop stars from the 1980s and 1990s such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Madonna, Janet Jackson, in Madonnas case, her album Music contained elements of Euro disco, especially the successful eponymous lead single. Britney Spears album Blackout contained influences of Euro disco, the mid-to-late 2000s saw the arrival of several new dance-pop artists, including Rihanna, Kesha, Lady Gaga and Katy Perry
8.
Trance music
–
Trance is a genre of electronic dance music that developed during the 1990s in Germany. Although trance is a genre of its own, it incorporates influences from other musical styles such as techno, house, pop, chill-out, classical music, tech house, ambient. A trance refers to a state of hypnotism and heightened consciousness and this is portrayed in trance music by the mixing of layers with distinctly foreshadowed build-up and release. Trance tracks are often lengthy to allow for such progression and commonly have sufficiently sparse opening and closing sections to facilitate mixing by DJs, Trance can be purely instrumental, although vocals are also a common feature. Typically they are performed by mezzo-soprano to soprano female soloists, often without verse/chorus structure, structured vocal form in trance music forms the basis of the vocal trance subgenre, which has been described as grand, soaring, and operatic and ethereal female leads floating amongst the synths. It was promoted by the well-known UK club-night megatripolis whose scene catapulted it to international fame, One writer traces the roots of trance to Paul van Dyks 1993 remix of Humates Love Stimulation. However, van Dyks trance origins can be traced back to his work with Visions Of Shiva. With film music also being influential, Trance was arguably at its commercial peak in the second part of 1990s and early 2000s. Classic trance employs a 4/4 time signature, a tempo of 125 to 150 BPM, a kick drum is usually placed on every downbeat and a regular open hi-hat is often placed on the upbeat or every 1/8th division of the bar. Rapid arpeggios and minor keys are common features of Trance, the latter being almost universal, instruments are added or removed every 4,8,16, or 32 bars. In the section before the breakdown, the motif is often introduced in a sliced up and simplified form. Then later, the climax is usually a culmination of the first part of the track mixed with the main melodic reprise. As is the case with many music tracks, trance tracks are usually built with sparser intros and outros in order to enable DJs to blend them together immediately. As trance is more melodic and harmonic than other dance music. More recent forms of trance music incorporate other styles and elements of music such as electro. It emphasizes harsher basslines and drum beats which decrease the importance of offbeats, the bpm of more recent styles tends to be on par with house music at 120 -135 beats per minute. However, unlike house music, recent forms of trance stay true to their melodic breakdowns, Trance music is broken into a large number of subgenres. Chronologically, the major subgenres are classic trance, acid trance, progressive trance, uplifting trance, closely related to Uplifting Trance is Euro-trance, which has become a general term for a wide variety of highly commercialized European dance music
9.
Songwriter
–
A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
10.
Record producer
–
A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
11.
Xenomania
–
Xenomania is an English songwriting and production team founded by Brian Higgins and based in Kent, England. In particular, all but one of Girls Alouds studio albums have been entirely written, Sugababes Round Round and Girls Alouds Sound of the Underground have been credited with reshaping British pop music for the 2000s. Gabriella Cilmis Sweet About Me and Girls Alouds The Promise were named Best Single at the ARIA Music Awards of 2009, the team has been referred to as a Phil Spector and a Motown of the 21st-century. Higgins himself has said that Xenomania aspires to be a version of RAK Records. Of Higgins and Xenomania, Girls Alouds former manager Louis Walsh says and they just jump out at you and stay in your brain. There are wide influences present in their productions, including electronic, glam rock, Motown soul, punk, the name Xenomania means, according to Higgins, the exact opposite of Xenophobia a love of everything, of all cultures. Current members of the Xenomania writing and production team are Higgins, long term members Tim Powell and Nick Coler left in 2010. There is also a Xenomania house band who work on backing tracks, members include Florrie Arnold, Kieran Jones. Parisian remixer Fred Falke also frequently works with Xenomania, Xenomania started a record label of the same name in 2008, developing artists and working on material before looking for major label deals. Artists include Alex Gardner, Jessie Malakouti, Brooke X, Mini Viva, Brian Higgins found early success after producing Australian singer Dannii Minogues third album, Girl, which gained favorable reviews at the time but failed to enter the British Top 40. However, the success of the single, All I Wanna Do, led to a collaboration with American singer Cher. Although the song outperformed all expectations and won him three Ivor Novello awards, Higgins found himself without a label when London Records was sold in 2000, Nick Coler programmed The KLFs singles and Tim Powell started out in 1989 doing hardcore rave stuff. Higgins attempted to launch Cooper as a solo artist under the stage name Moonbaby, thats when we started writing for other people, according to Cooper. Id had writers block for myself, but as soon as it was for somebody else all these songs popped out, moonbabys Here We Go would later be recorded by both Lene Nystrøm Rasted and Girls Aloud. Higgins says, We developed this sound of electronics and guitars fusing together but this was in the late Nineties when RnB lite dominated pop music, the song would later become a UK number-one single for Sugababes in 2002. Higgins praised Sugababes for the role in Xenomanias subsequent success—To me they represented something superior to what was out there. As a result, the Sugababes undoubtedly brought the best out of us as we always felt pressure to produce results that would do justice to their voices. Xenomania were approached to create the single for a girl group formed through the television talent show Popstars
12.
The Loving Kind
–
The Loving Kind is a song performed by British girl group Girls Aloud, taken from their fifth studio album Out of Control. The song was written by Pet Shop Boys, Miranda Cooper, Brian Higgins and his production team Xenomania, described as a synth pop ballad, The Loving Kind was originally written for inclusion on Pet Shop Boys Yes before being given to Girls Aloud. Upon its release in January 2009, The Loving Kind entered the UK Singles Chart at number ten, in the music video, the group portrays the good and bad Girls Aloud as they perform in mirrored boxes. The Loving Kind was promoted through numerous live appearances and was performed on 2009s Out of Control Tour, the song was largely praised by most contemporary music critics, although maligned by others for its similarities with Call the Shots. Xenomania and Pet Shop Boys wrote the song in sessions for the latters album Yes, Pet Shop Boys member Neil Tennant said that they co-wrote the song while working with Xenomania, and described it as beautiful but still dancey. It was the second song Girls Aloud recorded for Out of Control, the band were intimidated when learning the harmonies from Tennant. They found themselves reproducing his delivery, until he advised them to sing their own renditions and it was said that the lyrics have the sadness and melancholy of a massive proper ballad but the production drags the song straight to the dancefloor and lends it an undeniable sense of optimism. Lowe said he was absolutely over the moon with the result, the Loving Kind is a synth pop ballad, in the same vein as much of the Pet Shop Boys output. It has been described as a sad account of a waning relationship. The song is written in D♭ major with a signature in common time. The basic chord progression of the song is G♭, D♭, B♭m, Fm, the song begins instantly with a synthesised introduction, followed by the first verse and refrain. There is a bridge and a middle 8. The verse repeats, followed by the chorus, a section. The radio mix differs slightly, the introduction is less abrupt, the single was confirmed on 21 November 2008 via Girls Alouds official website. The CD single includes a Girls Aloud megamix, released to celebrate Girls Alouds twentieth single release, the megamix was created by Jewels & Stone, and features the intro and outro from the famous Stars on 45 medleys. There was also 7 picture disc made available, which included a previously unreleased B-side entitled Memory of You, remixes by Wideboys and Utah Saints were also commissioned. There was a controversy surrounding the fact that the singles B-side Memory of You was only available on the vinyl format. The song was originally called Japan, fans campaigned to get the song available in a high quality format, which even gained the attention of The Sun
13.
Something New (Girls Aloud song)
–
Something New is a song recorded by British girl group Girls Aloud from their second compilation album, Ten. It was released by Polydor Records on 16 November 2012, as the first single from the album, in April 2012, bandmate Cheryl Cole revealed the girls had been in talks to regroup for the groups tenth anniversary later that year. In October 2012, a countdown was activated on Girls Alouds official website, which would last until 19 October 2012, however the date was brought forward to 16 October 2012 following an early online leak of the track. Something New is a song produced by Girls Alouds long-time collaborator Brian Higgins. Music critics were positive towards the production, and compared it to songs by David Guetta, Nicki Minaj. They also noted that the tracks follow the groups signature style. Something New debuted and peaked at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart, the song also peaked inside the top five in Ireland and Scotland. The accompanying music video was directed by Ray Kay, and features a mixture of black-and-white and coloured shots of the entire group, while also showcasing each member in a separate set-up. Girls Aloud performed Something New in few programmes, such as Strictly Come Dancing and Top of the Pops and this is the second Children in Need song that the band have released, the first being Ill Stand by You in 2004. In February 2009, Girls Aloud signed a new deal with Fascination Records that would see the group release another three studio albums. However, in July 2009, the announced that they were taking a year-long hiatus to pursue solo projects but would reunite for a new studio album in 2010. Two months later, the hiatus was briefly interrupted when they did two shows supporting Coldplay along with Jay-Z at Wembley Stadium. In April 2012, during an interview with Chris Moyles on Radio 1, in August 2012, Nicola Roberts was also featured on the same radio show, and said, Its our tenth birthday in November so we will definitely celebrating. I wanna tell you everything but I really cant, the comeback was confirmed when Girls Alouds official website posted on 9 October a countdown that would last until 19 October, when the girls would make a special announcement. It was speculated that they would make an appearance on BBCs Strictly Come Dancing, however, on 15 October, the surprise, a single titled Something New, leaked online in full. The official radio premiere of the song was brought forward to the following day, with Girls Aloud posting on their website. The finished version of Something New will be played on radio from midday, Something New was released on 16 November 2012 by Polydor Records through digital download, serving as the official Children in Need 2012 single. When asked about how she felt with the group being back together, I think we are all quite proud that we made enough of an impact to be able to a comeback
14.
YouTube
–
YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
15.
Stanley Kubrick
–
Stanley Kubrick was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, editor, and photographer. He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history, Kubrick was born and raised in the Bronx, New York City, and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945. This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas, the war picture Paths of Glory and the historical epic Spartacus. His reputation as a filmmaker in Hollywood grew, and he was approached by Marlon Brando to film what would become One-Eyed Jacks, though Brando eventually decided to direct it himself. His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire, which he shared with his wife Christiane, became his workplace, where he did his writing, research, editing, and management of production details. This allowed him to have almost complete control over his films. His first British productions were two films with Peter Sellers, Lolita and Dr. Strangelove and he often asked for several dozen retakes of the same scene in a movie, which resulted in many conflicts with his casts. Despite the resulting notoriety among actors, many of Kubricks films broke new ground in cinematography, Steven Spielberg has referred to the film as his generations big bang, and it is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made. For the 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon, Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA, with The Shining, he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots. His last film, Eyes Wide Shut, was completed shortly before his death in 1999, Stanley Kubrick was born on July 26,1928, in the Lying-In Hospital at 307 Second Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. He was the first of two children of Jacob Leonard Kubrick, known as Jack or Jacques, and his wife Sadie Gertrude Kubrick, known as Gert and his sister, Barbara Mary Kubrick, was born in May 1934. At Stanleys birth, the Kubricks lived in an apartment at 2160 Clinton Avenue in the Bronx, although his parents had been married in a Jewish ceremony, Kubrick did not have a religious upbringing, and would later profess an atheistic view of the universe. By the district standards of the West Bronx, the family was fairly wealthy, soon after his sisters birth, Kubrick began schooling in Public School 3 in the Bronx, and moved to Public School 90 in June 1938. Although his IQ was discovered to be average, his attendance was poor. He displayed an interest in literature from an age, and began reading Greek and Roman myths. When Kubrick was 12, his father Jack taught him chess, the game remained a lifelong interest of Kubricks, appearing in many scenes of his films. Kubrick himself, who became a member of the United States Chess Federation, explained that chess helped him develop patience. At the age of 13, Kubricks father bought him a Graflex camera and he became friends with a neighbor, Marvin Traub, who shared his passion for photography
