1.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
2.
Contemporary R&B
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Contemporary R&B, also known as simply R&B, is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop and dance. The genre features a record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, an occasional saxophone-laced beat to give a jazz feel. Electronic influences are becoming a trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of melisma, popularized by such as Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Craig David, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston. That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences and this combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed new jack swing and was applied to artists such as Bobby Brown, Keith Sweat, Al B. Guy, Jodeci and Bell Biv DeVoe, the style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence. In 1990 Mariah Carey released Vision of Love as her debut single and it was immensely popular peaking at number 1 in many worldwide charts including the Billboard Hot 100, and it propelled Mariahs carrier. The song is said to have popularized the use of melisma. During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houstons The Bodyguard, Original Soundtrack Album sold over 40 million copies becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jacksons self-titled fifth studio album janet. which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No.1 hits, including One Sweet Day, Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single Fantasy, with Ol Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream, II and CrazySexyCool. In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by such as DAngelo, Erykah Badu. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles, beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first, simultaneously, in the second half of the 1990s, The Neptunes and Timbaland set influential precedence on contemporary R&B and hip hop music. R&B acts such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Usher, in 2001, Alicia Keys released Fallin as her debut single. It peaking at one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40
3.
Pop-rap
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Pop-rap is a genre of music fusing the rhythm-based lyricism of hip hop music with pop musics preference for melodious vocals and catchy tunes, which gained mainstream popularity during the 1990s. The lyrics are often lighthearted, with similar to those heard in pop music. The influences and roots of pop rap trace back to late 1980s hip hop artists, such as Run DMC, LL Cool J, many pop singers will often feature hip-hop artists now. In the 1980s, rap artists including Run DMC, Beastie Boys and LL Cool J set up the blueprints, LL Cool J has been described as the very first pop-rapper in history, when he rose to prominence on his 1985 debut album Radio. When he joined Russell Simmons Def Jam label and decided to try merging rap with pop and R&B influences, MTV has described LL Cool Js 1987 single I Need Love, as one of the first pop-rap crossover hits. Later, rap artists such as Tone Loc, Young MC, during the 1990s, pop rap began to expand even more as hip hop music also began to connect strongly with dance music and R&B. On 9 July 1990, Céline Dion released Unison as the single for her first English-language album of the same name. The track was produced by Andy Goldmark, for the single release, Unison was remixed by Kevin Unger. and make it funky. In the early 1990s, MC Hammer and Vanilla Ice broke into the mainstream with songs like U Cant Touch This, during the 1990s, smash-hit rappers such as MC Hammer caused pop-rap to be derided for its willingness to borrow from well-known hit singles. By the end of the 1990s as rappers fused gangsta rap themes with 1980s pop and soul elements, mariah Carey did a collaboration in 1995 with ODB with the remix version of Fantasy. During the early 2000s, pop-rap returned with a different style. It then went back into the mainstream with the success of The Black Eyed Peas who had smash singles such as Where Is the Love, which came off their Elephunk album.2 million in the United States alone. During the late 2000s, pop-rap had many such as Drake, Will. i. am, Nicki Minaj. For instance, Drakes Take Care album went at the top of the Top 40. Also, his So Far Gone EP peaked at six on the Billboard 200 chart with 73,000 units sold. It dropped in the second week down to nine, with sales of 36,000. Despite being an EP, it became the fifth-best-selling rap record of 2009, as of February 2012, the EP has sold 639,000 copies in the US. The EP was certified gold by the RIAA on July 4,2010 for sales exceeding 500,000, Drakes single Im Goin In charted and peaked at number 40 the week after the EP was sold
4.
British hip hop
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British hip hop is a genre of music, and a culture that covers a variety of styles of hip hop music made in Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is generally classified as one of a number of styles of urban music, UK rap has also been heavily influenced by US hip-hop. British hip hop, particularly that originating from London, was superseded by grime, however, after a post-millennium boom period. In 2003, The Times described British hip hops broad-ranging approach, following an initial flurry of interest from major record labels in the 1980s, by the early 1990s the scene had moved underground after record companies pulled back. In the mid-1990s hip hop in the UK started to experiment and diversify — often mutating into different genres entirely, such as trip hop, knowledge, was Englands first documented rapper. Unlike in the US, the British hip hop scene was cross-racial from the beginning and this is due to the fact that various ethnic groups in Britain tend to not live in segregated areas, even in areas with a high percentage of non-white individuals. These places allow youth to share an interchange with one another including musical genres such as hip hop. Cross pollination through migrating West Indians helped develop a community interested in the music, the integration of sound systems represent a distinct British Caribbean influence. Sound systems allowed for powerful syncopated bass runs and the ability to bring sound to different venues creating a club culture. Releases were still few and far between, and the scene remained predominantly underground, mainstream radio did play British hip hop on occasion, and instrumental in giving the scene wider recognition were DJs such as Dave Pearce, Tim Westwood, and John Peel. The most direct influence was, however, on Graffiti painted in London Underground trains, Kinetic Effect hit the scene in the early 1980s and was part of the rap outfit 2 the Top as D-Koy. In 1981, he teamed with Insane Macbeth to record Borderin Insanity, which was released in 1993, in 1995, Kinetic Effect recorded Man Bites Dog/The Effect of Fear Their song The Rhythm I Give ‘Em, made the UK Top 10 Hip Hop chart. Other notable rappers of this era include London Rhyme Syndicate, Cash Crew, Shogun MC, Hijack, MC Untouchable, the first UK record label devoted to releasing UK hip hop acts was founded in 1986. Simon Harris Music of Life label was home to rapper Derek B — the first UK rapper to chart success. Building on Derek Bs success, Music of Life went on to sign such as Hijack. Their Hard as Hell series mixed homegrown talent like Thrashpack and the She Rockers with US artists such as Professor Griff, Music of Life was swiftly followed by other labels such as Mango Records and Kold Sweat. Another successful British hip-hop artist that emerged from Music of Life was Asher D, caveman and Outlaw Posse developed a jazz influenced style, whilst MC MellO mixed jazz and hardcore. Other acts and styles developed from the hip hop scene, resulting in new genres to describe them — for example Massive Attack with trip hop, or Galliano Us3 and Urban Species with acid jazz
5.
Grime (music genre)
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Grime is a genre of music that emerged in East London in the early 2000s. It developed out of earlier UK electronic music styles, including UK garage and jungle, and also influence from Jamaican dancehall, ragga. The style is typified by rapid, syncopated breakbeats, generally around 130 or 140 bpm, rapping is also a significant element of the style, and lyrics often revolve around gritty depictions of urban life. Other prominent artists include Ghetts, Jme, Skepta, Stormzy, prominent grime crews include Boy Better Know, Newham Generals, Roll Deep, and Ruff Sqwad. In the mid 2010s, grime began to receive attention in North America. Grime emerged in the early 2000s in Londons East-end and it has origins tied with UK pirate radio stations such as Rinse FM, Deja Vu FM, Freeze 92.7 and Raw Mission. This indicated the movement of UK garage away from its house influences towards darker themes, among the first tracks to be labelled grime as a genre in itself were Eskimo, Ice Rink and Igloo by Wiley, Pulse X by Musical Mob and Creeper by Danny Weed. Dizzee Rascal garnered widespread acclaim and commercial success with Boy in da Corner winning the 2003 Mercury Music Prize. Grime has since received exposure from television stations including Channel U, Logan Samas show on London radio station Kiss FM, Grime is not an offshoot of early electronic music, but rather a subgenre that draws from a wide variety of influences. The genre’s popularity grew exponentially in the United Kingdom, as people across the musical spectrum appreciated Grime’s eclectic mix of instrumentation. This hybridization united many different music scenes, allowing for it to spread in the same word-of-mouth and mixtape-based style as hip-hop and it also paved the way for more electronic music artists to incorporate stronger African and Caribbean influences in the future. Grime never received the same attention worldwide that it did in the UK, much like many other less mainstream forms of British electronic music, its main scene and fan base remained in the United Kingdom. From 2013 onwards producers started to create what they called instrumental grime and they battled in so-called war dubs, in April 2014, Meridian Dan reached #13 in the UK Singles Charts with his single German Whip featuring Big H and Jme. Two months after that, Skepta reached #21 in the UK Singles Chart with his single Thats Not Me featuring his brother Jme. Two months later, Lethal Bizzle released the single Rari WorkOut featuring Jme and Tempa T, as of 2015, Lethal Bizzle has four of the highest charting grime songs to date. In February 2016, Ministry of Sound and DJ Maximum released a compilation entitled Grime Time. In May 2016, Skeptas fourth studio album, Konnichiwa, entered the UK Albums Chart at number two, the album explored grimes relationship with the United States, and features appearances from ASAP Mob members Young Lord and ASAP Nast as well as production and vocals from Pharrell Williams. The album was awarded the 2016 Mercury Prize, in February 2017, Stormzys album Gang Signs & Prayer, was the first grime album to reach number one on the UK Albums Chart
6.
Drum and bass
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Drum and bass is a genre and branch of electronic music which emerged from rave and oldschool jungle scenes in England during the early 1990s. The style is characterised by fast breakbeats with heavy bass and sub-bass lines, sampled sources. The popularity of drum and bass at its peak ran parallel to several other homegrown dance styles in the UK including big beat. Drum and bass incorporates a number of scenes and styles, a major influence on jungle and drum and bass was the original Jamaican dub and reggae sound. Another feature of the style is the syncopation of the drum tracks breakbeat. Drum and bass subgenres include breakcore, ragga jungle, hardstep, darkstep, techstep, neurofunk, ambient drum and bass, liquid funk, deep, drumfunk, funkstep, sambass, dnbnoise, from its roots in the UK, the style has established itself around the world. Drum and bass has influenced other genres like hip hop, big beat, dubstep, house, trip hop, ambient music, techno, rock. Drum and bass is dominated by a small group of record labels. The major international labels have shown very little interest in the drum. But rave music tended to feature stronger bass sounds and a faster tempo beats per minute than that of early house music and it is important to note when discussing the history of drum and bass that prior to jungle, rave music was getting faster and more experimental. Professional DJ and producer C. K. states, There was a progression as far as the speed of music is concerned, anyone buying vinyl every week from 1989 to 1992 noticed this. By 1994, jungle had begun to gain popularity and fans of the music became a more recognisable part of youth subculture. However, this developed in tandem with the positive reputation of the music as part of the wider rave scene. As the genre became more polished and sophisticated technically, it began to expand its reach from pirate radio to commercial stations. It also began to split into subgenres such as jump-up. The popularity of drum and bass at its peak ran parallel to several other homegrown dance styles in the UK including big beat. But towards the turn of the millennium its popularity was deemed to have dwindled as the UK garage style known as speed garage yielded several hit singles. London DJ/producer C. K. says, It is often forgotten by my students that a type of music called garage house existed in the late 1980s alongside hip house, acid house and other forms of house music
