1.
Beersheba
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Beersheba also spelled Beer-Sheva is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel. Beersheba grew in importance in the 19th century, when the Ottoman Turks built a police station there. The Battle of Beersheba was part of a wider British offensive in World War I aimed at breaking the Turkish defensive line from Gaza to Beersheba. In 1947, Bir Seba, as it was known, was envisioned as part of the Arab state in the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, following the declaration of Israels independence, the Egyptian army amassed its forces in Beersheba as a strategic and logistical base. In the Battle of Beersheba waged in October 1948, it was conquered by the Israel Defense Forces, Beersheba has grown considerably since then. Second and third waves of immigration have taken place since 1990, bringing Russian-speaking Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union, the Soviet immigrants have made the game of chess a major sport in Beersheba and the city is now a developing technology center. The city is now Israels national chess center, with more chess grandmasters per capita than any city in the world. There are several etymologies for the origin of the name Beersheba, the oath of Abraham and Abimelech is the one stated in Gen.21,31. Others include the seven wells dug by Isaac though only three or four have been identified, the oath of Isaac and Abimelech, the seven lambs that sealed Abraham, Beer is the Hebrew word for well, sheva could mean seven or oath. In this case the meaning is probably oath, as the ancient Hebrews believed seven to be a number. The Arabic toponym can also be translated as Seven wells or as commonly believed Lions well. During Ottoman administration city was referred as بلدية بءرالسبع Birüsseb, Beersheba is mainly dealt with in the Hebrew Bible in connection with the Patriarchs Abraham and Isaac, who both dig a well and close peace treaties with King Abimelech of Gerar at the site. Hence it receives its name twice, first after Abrahams dealings with Abimelech, the place is thus connected to two of the three Wife–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis. According to the Hebrew Bible, Beersheba was founded when Abraham and Abimelech settled their differences over a well of water, Abimelechs men had taken the well from Abraham after he had previously dug it so Abraham brought sheep and cattle to Abimelech to get the well back. He set aside seven lambs to swear that it was he that had dug the well, Abimelech conceded that the well belonged to Abraham and, in the Bible, Beersheba means Well of Seven or Well of the Oath. Beersheba is further mentioned in following Bible passages, Isaac built an altar in Beersheba, jacob had his dream about a stairway to heaven after leaving Beersheba. Beersheba was the territory of the tribe of Simeon and Judah, the sons of the prophet Samuel were judges in Beersheba. Saul, Israels first king, built a fort there for his campaign against the Amalekites, the prophet Elijah took refuge in Beersheba when Jezebel ordered him killed
2.
Israel
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Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. The country contains geographically diverse features within its small area. Israels economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, in 1947, the United Nations adopted a Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem. The plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency for Palestine, next year, the Jewish Agency declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied territories including the West Bank, Golan Heights and it extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank. Israels occupation of the Palestinian territories is the worlds longest military occupation in modern times, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not resulted in peace. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have successfully been signed, the population of Israel, as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, was estimated in 2017 to be 8,671,100 people. It is the worlds only Jewish-majority state, with 74. 8% being designated as Jewish, the countrys second largest group of citizens are Arabs, at 20. 8%. The great majority of Israeli Arabs are Sunni Muslims, including significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins, other minorities include Arameans, Armenians, Assyrians, Black Hebrew Israelites, Circassians, Maronites and Samaritans. Israel also hosts a significant population of foreign workers and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia, including illegal migrants from Sudan, Eritrea. In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish, Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister is head of government and the Knesset is the legislature, Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2016. The country benefits from a skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the third highest in Asia, in the early weeks of independence, the government chose the term Israeli to denote a citizen of Israel, with the formal announcement made by Minister of Foreign Affairs Moshe Sharett. The names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel. The name Israel in these phrases refers to the patriarch Jacob who, jacobs twelve sons became the ancestors of the Israelites, also known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel or Children of Israel. The earliest known artifact to mention the word Israel as a collective is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt. The area is known as the Holy Land, being holy for all Abrahamic religions including Judaism, Christianity, Islam
3.
Hebrew language
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Hebrew is a language native to Israel, spoken by over 9 million people worldwide, of whom over 5 million are in Israel. Historically, it is regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors, the earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE. Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family, Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language left, and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language. Hebrew had ceased to be a spoken language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE, declining since the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Aramaic and to a lesser extent Greek were already in use as international languages, especially among elites and it survived into the medieval period as the language of Jewish liturgy, rabbinic literature, intra-Jewish commerce, and poetry. Then, in the 19th century, it was revived as a spoken and literary language, and, according to Ethnologue, had become, as of 1998, the language of 5 million people worldwide. After Israel, the United States has the second largest Hebrew-speaking population, with 220,000 fluent speakers, Modern Hebrew is one of the two official languages of the State of Israel, while premodern Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jewish communities around the world today. Ancient Hebrew is also the tongue of the Samaritans, while modern Hebrew or Arabic is their vernacular. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Leshon Hakodesh, the modern word Hebrew is derived from the word Ivri, one of several names for the Israelite people. It is traditionally understood to be a based on the name of Abrahams ancestor, Eber. This name is based upon the root ʕ-b-r meaning to cross over. Interpretations of the term ʕibrim link it to this verb, cross over, in the Bible, the Hebrew language is called Yәhudit because Judah was the surviving kingdom at the time of the quotation. In Isaiah 19,18 it is called the Language of Canaan, Hebrew belongs to the Canaanite group of languages. In turn, the Canaanite languages are a branch of the Northwest Semitic family of languages, according to Avraham ben-Yosef, Hebrew flourished as a spoken language in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah during about 1200 to 586 BCE. Scholars debate the degree to which Hebrew was a vernacular in ancient times following the Babylonian exile. In July 2008 Israeli archaeologist Yossi Garfinkel discovered a ceramic shard at Khirbet Qeiyafa which he claimed may be the earliest Hebrew writing yet discovered, dating around 3000 years ago. The Gezer calendar also dates back to the 10th century BCE at the beginning of the Monarchic Period, classified as Archaic Biblical Hebrew, the calendar presents a list of seasons and related agricultural activities. The Gezer calendar is written in an old Semitic script, akin to the Phoenician one that through the Greeks, the Gezer calendar is written without any vowels, and it does not use consonants to imply vowels even in the places where later Hebrew spelling requires it
4.
Israeli Americans
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Israeli Americans are Americans who have Israeli citizenship either by descent, naturalization, or birth in Israel. Israelis began migrating to the United States shortly after the founding of the state of Israel in 1948. A second wave of modest immigration continued with a total of 36,306 Israelis during 1970 to 1979,43,669 in 1980 to 1989,41,340 in 1990 to 1999 and 54,801 in 2000 to 2009. Since 2010 Israeli migration to the U. S. and has continued at around four thousand a year since, also, the acquisition of aspects of American culture in Israel caused many Israelis to want to have the economic and educational opportunities of the United States. Since the declaration of the state of Israel, and until today many Israelis emigrated to the United States. The 2000 United States Census estimated that as many as 106,839 Israelis live in the United States nowadays, while other unsourced estimates say the number is much higher, around 500,000. A considerable numbers of Israelis, estimated broadly from 200,000 to three times that figure, have moved abroad in the recent decades, reasons for emigration vary, but generally relate to a combination of economic and political concerns. The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest Jewish community outside Israel, in 2009, Steven M. Cohen and Judith Veinstein found that in New York, Jewish Israeli emigrants are highly affiliated with the Jewish community even though community affiliation is low in Israel. Based on the 2013 Pew American Jewry Survey estimate base on Jews by religion/no religion/Jewish background who were born in Israel/Palestine is 140,0000 nationally, American Jews born in Israel had 40 thousand children under age 18 in their US households. An An additional 60 thousand American Jews reported that they had lived in Israel. The U. S states by Israeli Americans as per the 2000 census, Various Israeli-American communities have their own newspapers which are printed in Hebrew. Hundreds of thousands of spectators view the annual Celebrate Israel Parade on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, a variety of Hebrew language websites, newspapers and magazines are published in South Florida, New York, Los Angeles and other U. S. regions. The Israeli Channel along with two other Hebrew-language channels are available via satellite broadcast nationally in the United States, Hebrew language Israeli programming on local television was broadcast in New York and Los Angeles during the 1990s, prior to Hebrew language satellite broadcast. Live performances by Israeli artists are a regular occurrence in centers of Israeli emigrants in the U. S. an Israeli Independence Day Festival has taken place yearly in Los Angeles since 1990 with thousands of Israeli emigrants and American Jews. In Los Angeles, a Council of Israeli Community was founded in 2001. S, president, Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, John McCain greeted the attendees by video and expressed their support for the residents of Sderot. An Israeli Business Network of Beverly Hills has existed since 1996, according to CNN, Israeli companies are establishing entrepreneurial ventures in New York City at the rate of ten new startups per month. In return, Jewish Americans, especially religious Jewish Americans, tend to maintain contact with the Israeli American community besides participation in religious ceremonies. 75% of Israeli Americans marry within the Jewish community, comedian-writer Robert Smigel came up with a Saturday Night Live sketch in 1990 called the Sabra Shopping Network
5.
Comedian
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A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience, primarily by making them laugh. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting a fool, as in slapstick, a comedian who addresses an audience directly is called a stand-up comic. Since the 1980s, a new wave of comedy, called alternative comedy, has grown in popularity with its more offbeat and this normally involves more experiential, or observational reporting, e. g. Alexei Sayle, Daniel Tosh, Louis C. K. and Malcolm Hardee. Many comics achieve a cult following while touring famous comedy hubs such as the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal, the Edinburgh Fringe, often a comics career advances significantly when they win a notable comedy award, such as the Edinburgh Comedy Award. Comics sometimes foray into other areas of entertainment, such as film and television, however, a comics stand-up success does not guarantee a films critical or box office success. Comedians can be dated back to 425 BC, when Aristophanes and he wrote 40 comedies,11 of which survive and are still being performed. Aristophanes comedy style took the form of satyr plays, the English poet and playwright William Shakespeare wrote many comedies. A Shakespearean comedy is one that has an ending, usually involving marriages between the unmarried characters, and a tone and style that is more light-hearted than Shakespeares other plays. Charles Chaplin was the most popular comedian of the first half of the 20th century. He wrote comedic silent films such as Modern Times and The Kid and his films still have a major impact on comedy in films today. One of the most popular forms of comedy is stand-up comedy. Stand-up comedy is a monologue performed by one or more people standing on a stage. Bob Hope was the most popular comedian of the 20th century. Other noted stand-up comedians include George Carlin, Jerry Seinfeld, Lenny Bruce, Mort Sahl, Louis CK, another popular form of modern-day comedy is talk shows where comedians make fun of current news or popular topics. Such comedians include Jay Leno, Conan OBrien, Daniel Tosh, Chris Hardwick, Jimmy Fallon, David Letterman, a third form of modern-day comedy is television programs in which many comedians band together to make skits, such as Saturday Night Live. These shows often receive high ratings, likely because many comedians band together to create jokes, one of the most successful comedians is Ellen Degeneres, who has parlayed her comic career into film, television shows, and hosting major media events. In 1986, Ellen DeGeneres appeared for the first time on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson since she began gaining popularity as a comic in the 1980s. Johnny Carson, who launched many contemporary comics careers, would invite them to join him on the couch for one-on-one conversation after their set
6.
The Underground Comedy Movie
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The Underground Comedy Movie is a 1999 film directed by and starring Vince Offer. It features music by NOFX and Guttermouth, among others and it is considered by many as one of the worst films of all time. The film mainly consists of skits featuring celebrities in various roles, the film has reportedly sold in excess of 100,000 copies. According to IMDb, The Underground Comedy Movie played on one movie screen on May 16,1999. The film earned less-than-favorable reviews, receiving a 33% from Rotten Tomatoes based on 6 reviews, the New York Post said it may be the least amusing comedy ever made. Van Gelder added that tasteless or offensive material can be funny in the right hands, for the successful, talent bridges the gap, but, here, is absent. The film was the subject of lawsuits filed by Offer against others. On September 23,1998, Vince Offer filed a suit against 20th Century Fox, Offer claimed that 14 scenes in Mary were lifted from his film. The Farrellys released this statement, Weve never heard of him, weve never heard of his movie, and its all a bunch of baloney. The case was dismissed with prejudice on a motion for judgment by order of the court in 2000. In 2004, Offer sent out a release through prnewsonline. com announcing his intention to sue the Church of Scientology. In 1997, while production was ongoing, the Church of Scientology had allegedly begun a large-scale smear campaign against Offer, in June 2010, it was revealed that Offer had completed filming of scenes starring Lindsay Lohan and model Joanna Krupa for a follow-up movie. The film was released in 2013 with the title InAPPropriate Comedy, Underground Comedy 2010 – official promotional site The Underground Comedy Movie at the Internet Movie Database
7.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
8.
Church of Scientology
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The Church of Scientology International is officially the Church of Scientologys parent organization, and is responsible for guiding local Scientology churches. At a local level, every church is a corporate entity set up as a licensed franchise and has its own board of directors. The first Scientology church was incorporated in December 1953 in Camden and its international headquarters are located at the Gold Base, in an unincorporated area of Riverside County, California. The location at Gilman Hotsprings is kept secret from most Scientologists, Scientology Missions International is under CSI and overseers Scientology missions, which are local Scientology organizations smaller than churches. The Church of Spiritual Technology is the organization which owns all the copyrights of the estate of L. Ron Hubbard, the highest authority in the Church of Scientology is the Religious Technology Center. The RTC claims to only be the holder of Scientology and Dianetics trademarks, RTC chairman David Miscavige is widely seen as the effective head of Scientology. David Miscavige is the highest-ranking Sea Org officer, holding the rank of captain, the first Scientology church was incorporated in December 1953 in Camden, New Jersey by L. Ron Hubbard, his wife Mary Sue Hubbard, and John Galusha. By that time, the Hubbard Association of Scientologists International had already operating since 1952 and Hubbard himself had already been selling Scientology books. In 1953 he wrote to Helen OBrien, who was managing the organisation,213 Soon after, despite OBriens misgivings and resignation, he announced the religious nature of Scientology in a bulletin to all Scientologists, stressing its relation to the concept of Dharma. The first Church of Scientology opened in 1954 in Los Angeles, after the formation of the Church of Scientology, Hubbard composed its creed. Hubbard had official control of the organization until 1966 when this function was transferred to a group of executives, although Hubbard maintained no formal relationship with Scientologys management, he remained firmly in control of the organization and its affiliated organizations. Although RTC is a corporation from the Church of Scientology International, whose president and chief spokesperson is Heber Jentzsch. In 1996, the Church of Scientology implemented the Golden Age of Tech releasing a training program for Scientology auditors, while precisely following Hubbards teachings. It was followed by the launch of The Golden Age of Knowledge in 2005, between 2005 and 2010, the church would complete its 25-year program to restore and verify the churchs scriptures. The church released the second phase of the Golden Age of Tech on November 2013, the Super Power Rundown a new component of auditing, was released in Clearwater, Florida. The Church of Scientology promotes Scientology, a body of beliefs and related practices created by Hubbard, starting in 1952 as a successor to his earlier self-help system, Scientology teaches that people are immortal spiritual beings who have forgotten their true nature. Scientologys central mythology developed around the notion of the thetan. In Scientology, the thetan is the expression of theta, described by Neusner as the cosmic source
9.
Adam Sandler
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Adam Richard Sandler is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and musician. After becoming a Saturday Night Live cast member, Sandler went on to star in many Hollywood feature films that combined have grossed over $2 billion at the box office. He has ventured into more dramatic territory with his roles in Punch-Drunk Love, Spanglish, Reign Over Me, Sandler has released five comedy albums in his career. Theyre All Gonna Laugh at You. and What the Hell Happened to Me. are both certified double-platinum, in 1999, Sandler founded Happy Madison Productions. Sandler was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1966, to Judith Judy, a school teacher, and Stanley Sandler. His family is Jewish and descends from Russian and Israeli immigrants on both sides and he grew up in Manchester, New Hampshire after moving there at the age of six. He attended Manchester Central High School, as a teen, Sandler was in BBYO, a popular Jewish youth group. Sandler graduated from New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts in 1988, early in his career, Sandler played Theo Huxtables friend, Smitty in The Cosby Show and the Stud Boy or Trivia Delinquent in the MTV game show Remote Control. After his film debut Going Overboard in 1989, Sandler performed in comedy clubs and he was discovered by comedian Dennis Miller, who caught Sandlers act in Los Angeles and recommended him to Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels. Sandler told Conan OBrien on The Tonight Show that NBC fired him, in 1993, Adam Sandler appeared in the film Coneheads with Chris Farley, David Spade, Dan Aykroyd, Phil Hartman, and Jane Curtin. In 1994, he co-starred in Airheads with Brendan Fraser and Steve Buscemi and he followed this film with Bulletproof, and the financially successful comedies Happy Gilmore and The Wedding Singer. He was initially cast in the bachelor-party-themed comedy/thriller Very Bad Things but had to back out due to his involvement in The Waterboy, although his earliest films did not receive critical praise, he started to receive more positive reviews, beginning with Punch-Drunk Love in 2002. Roger Eberts review of Punch-Drunk Love concluded that Sandler had been wasted in earlier films with poorly written scripts, Sandler has moved outside the genre of slapstick comedy to take on more serious parts such as the aforementioned Punch-Drunk Love, Spanglish and Reign Over Me. He played a father figure in Big Daddy. He returned to more dramatic fare with Mike Binders Reign Over Me and he starred with Kevin James in the film I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry. Sandler headlined You Dont Mess with the Zohan, the film was written by Sandler, Judd Apatow, and Robert Smigel, it was directed by Dennis Dugan. It marked as Sandlers first family film and first film under the Walt Disney banner, in 2009, Sandler starred in Judd Apatows third directorial feature Funny People. The film was released on July 31,2009, Sandler appeared in Grown Ups, alongside Kevin James, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, and David Spade
10.
Jack and Jill (2011 film)
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Jack and Jill is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan, written by Steve Koren and Adam Sandler, and starring Sandler, Katie Holmes, and Al Pacino. The film was released on November 11,2011 by Columbia Pictures, the film received poor reviews and has since been considered to be one of the worst films ever made. Jack and Jill won 10 Razzie Awards, breaking Battlefield Earths record for the most Razzie wins for a single film, the film opens with homemade videos of fraternal twins Jack and Jill Sadelstein growing up in New York City. As the videos progress, they reveal Jack as the gifted twin, in present-day Los Angeles, Jack is a successful advertising executive who lives with his beautiful wife Erin and their two kids, Sofie, Gary, a Hindu child they adopted at birth. Jill never left the neighborhood they grew up in, she recently inherited the Sadelstein home. As always, Jack is irritated by the upcoming Thanksgiving visit of his sister, Jill ruins Thanksgiving dinner by loudly embarrassing a homeless guest. Jack finally calls her out for making a fool of herself, of him, stung, Jill runs off into the woods with her pet cockatoo Poopsie. Erin demands that Jack apologize to his sister, which he unwillingly does. Jill has a list of things she wants to do while in Los Angeles, be on a show, go horseback riding. Since Jill has a plane ticket, she decides to stay until the end of Hanukkah - much to Jacks horror. Jacks agency client, meanwhile, wants him to somehow get actor Al Pacino to appear in a Dunkin Donuts commercial, Jack isnt sure how hes supposed to make that happen. She has no success until Jack poses as Jill and alters her profile, yet when Jills date - Funbucket - meets her, he sneaks out of the restaurant through the mens room. Jack takes Jill to a Lakers game where Pacino is supposed to be, Pacino blows off Jack but is taken with Jill and gives her his phone number. Jack was hoping Jill would go home by New Years Eve. Jacks friends and colleagues throw him a party, extending the invite to Jill. Again Jill loudly disgraces herself, Jack, and the celebrities in attendance. Pacino invites Jill to his home, where she destroys his Oscar statuette. Abruptly, she becomes bored with him and leaves, Jacks Mexican gardener Felipe, who is also taken with Jill, invites her to meet his family at their annual fiesta
11.
Inappropriate Comedy
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Inappropriate Comedy is a 2013 American satirical sketch comedy film directed by Vince Offer. It was released on March 22,2013, the film was originally envisioned as a sequel to Offers previous anthology, The Underground Comedy Movie, and called Underground Comedy 2010. It is also a remake of Offers previous film, recycling the sketches Flirty Harry. The framing device has Vince Offer pressing buttons on his computer that open offensive applications. Psychology World A psychologist has a session with a young woman who wants to change. She shows him the pills that make her wild and he takes them and passes out on the floor. Flirty Harry Flirty Harry is a cop who, with a repertoire of double entendres, blackass A Jackass spoof, where Vondell, Murphay, Swade, Darnell, and Acquon are five African American guys who go about their days causing trouble. Things Youll Never See A beautiful young woman dating an old poor man, above the Grate Lindsay Lohan stands on an air vent much like Marilyn Monroes famous scene from The Seven Year Itch while a man watches her from underneath. The Amazing Racist A spoof of The Amazing Race, ari Shaffir and his cameraman go around the city showcasing extremely racist and offensive stereotypes against Asians, African Americans, and Jews. It is heavily implied that all of Shaffirs doings were not rehearsed, lohans scenes were shot in 2010 for Underground Comedy 2010, a production that would have mixed newly filmed sketches with sketches from the original 1997 production of The Underground Comedy Movie. The alcohol-detecting ankle monitor she was ordered to wear after she failed to show up for a hearing is clearly visible as she stands on the street grate. A trailer for Underground Comedy 2010 was released in August of that year, the project was eventually expanded to a fully new feature film with the production of additional new sketches. Ari Shaffirs segment mixed footage with unknowing collaborators and staged action, the film is directed by Vince Offer, who also directed The Underground Comedy Movie and, between the two films, became better known for his infomercial sales pitches. InAPPropriate Comedy has received negative reviews by critics, with it being called worse than Movie 43 by Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 0%, based on 5 reviews, at Metacritic, it holds a score of 1 out of 100, based on 5 reviews. It is tied with Bio-Dome, The Singing Forest, Chaos, Not Cool,10 Rules for Sleeping Around and United Passions as the worst reviewed film on the site. Lohan was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress for her performance in the film, the film earned $172,000 from 275 theaters for a location average of $625 in its opening weekend. InAPPropriate Comedy at the Internet Movie Database inAPPropriate Comedy at Box Office Mojo inAPPropriate Comedy at Rotten Tomatoes inAPPropriate Comedy at Metacritic
12.
Rob Schneider
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Robert Michael Rob Schneider is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and director. Schneider was born in San Francisco, California, and grew up in the suburb of Pacifica. His parents are Pilar, a kindergarten teacher and ex-school board president, and Marvin Schneider. His father was Jewish and his mother was Catholic, Schneiders maternal grandmother was a Filipina who met and married his grandfather, a white American army private, while he was stationed in the Philippines. His mixed background is a theme in his comedy acts. His older brother, John, is a producer, Schneider graduated from Terra Nova High School in 1982. Schneider started his comedy career while still in high school, opening for San Francisco favorites Head On. After high school, he played Bay Area nightclubs such as the Holy City Zoo and The Other Cafe, after opening a show by comedian Dennis Miller in 1987, Schneider won a slot on HBOs 13th Annual Young Comedians special, which was hosted by Miller. Schneiders appearance on the HBO special led to a position as a writer for the late night NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, Schneider was hired at Saturday Night Live in 1988. Schneider swiftly graduated from writer and featured player to full cast member, from 1990 to 1994 at SNL, he played such roles as Tiny Elvis and Orgasm Guy. Schneider is featured in the video release The Bad Boys of Saturday Night Live, along with colleagues Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, David Spade, the Richmeister, an office worker who annoys people by giving them nicknames as they make copies. He also appeared in a part on the TV series Coach. In 1996, he co-starred in the NBC sit-com Men Behaving Badly, the U. S. version ran for two seasons. Schneider starred in the 1999 feature film Deuce Bigalow, Male Gigolo, the latter movie was not well received by critics or moviegoers, and as a result, Schneider won a 2005 Worst Actor Razzie Award for his role in the film. In 2006, Schneider co-starred in the family comedy The Benchwarmers. Other film roles include Schneiders appearance with Jim Hensons Muppets in the 1999 film Muppets from Space, Schneiders directorial debut, the comedy Big Stan, was released in some overseas markets during the fall of 2008, with a U. S. release in early 2009. In the film, he starred as a con artist who is arrested for perpetrating real-estate scams and he is sentenced to prison, so he takes a crash-course in martial arts to survive incarceration. Schneider has also appeared in numerous comedies starring his SNL comrade Adam Sandler, the comedic characters Schneider plays in these films include an overly enthusiastic Cajun man who proclaims the catch-phrase, You can do it
13.
Michelle Rodriguez
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Mayte Michelle Rodriguez is an American actress, screenwriter, and DJ. During her career, Rodriguez has played tough, independent women in a number of action films, such as Blue Crush. She has also had voice work appearances in video games such as Call of Duty and Halo, and lent her voice for the 3D animated film Turbo. Rodriguez was born in San Antonio, Texas and her mother, Carmen Milady Rodriguez, is Dominican, and her father, Rafael Rodriguez, was a Puerto Rican who served in the U. S. Army. Rodriguez moved to the Dominican Republic with her mother when she was eight years old, later, she moved to Puerto Rico until the age of 17, and finally settled in Jersey City, New Jersey. She dropped out of school, but later earned her GED. In total, she was expelled from five schools and she briefly attended business school before quitting to pursue a career in acting, with the ultimate goal of becoming a screenwriter and director. Rodriguez has 10 siblings and half-siblings and she was partly raised by her devoutly religious maternal grandmother, and was brought up as a Jehovahs Witness, although she has since abandoned the faith. A DNA test of Rodriguez, performed by the television program Finding Your Roots, found that her ancestry is 72. 4% European,21. 3% African, and 6. 3% Native American. She also stated on the show there was some racial conflict between her families, since her Puerto Rican father had a light complexion and her Dominican mother had a dark complexion. Having run across an ad for a casting call and attending her first audition. The film itself took home a top prize at the Sundance, in 1999, she auditioned for a role in Sisqós hit music video, Thong Song. In 2002, she had an appearance in Ja Rules music video for his song Always On Time. Rodriguez has had roles in other successful movies, including Letty Ortiz in The Fast. She also appeared in Blue Crush and S. W. A. T, in 2004, Rodriguez lent her voice to the video game Halo 2, playing a Marine. She also provided the voice of Liz Ricarro in the Cartoon Network series IGPX and she returned again in the penultimate episode of the series, What They Died For, in 2010. In 2006, Rodriguez was featured in her own episode of G4s show Icons, in 2008, Rodriguez appeared in Battle in Seattle. In 2009, she appeared in Fast & Furious, the installment of the The Fast
14.
Adrien Brody
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Adrien Brody is an American actor. Brody is also the only male American actor to receive the French César Award, other successful films that Brody have starred in are Bread and Roses, the 2005 version of King Kong, The Village, Predators, New York Stories, and The Thin Red Line. He is a frequent collaborator of Wes Andersons he has starred in two of Andersons both of which were major successes they are The Grand Budapest Hotel and The Darjeeling Limited. Brody was born in Woodhaven, Queens, New York, the son of Sylvia Plachy, a photographer, and Elliot Brody, Brody was raised without a strong connection to Judaism or Catholicism. As a child, Brody performed magic shows at childrens parties as The Amazing Adrien. He attended the I. S.145 Joseph Pulitzer middle school and New Yorks Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and his parents enrolled him in acting classes to distance him from the dangerous children with whom he associated. He attended summer camp at Long Lake Camp for the Arts in the Adirondacks in upstate New York, Brody attended Stony Brook University before transferring to Queens College for a semester. Taking acting classes as a child, by age thirteen he appeared in an Off-Broadway play and he received widespread recognition when he was cast as the lead in Roman Polanskis The Pianist. To prepare for the role, Brody withdrew for months, gave up his apartment and his car, broke up with his then-girlfriend, learned how to play Chopin on the piano, and lost 29 lbs. The role won him an Academy Award for Best Actor, making him, at 29, the youngest actor ever to win the award and he also won a César Award for his performance. Brody appeared on Saturday Night Live on May 10,2003, his first TV work, other TV appearances include NBCs The Today Show and on MTVs Punkd after being tricked by Ashton Kutcher. After The Pianist Brody appeared in four different films. In Dummy he portrayed Steven Schoichet, a socially awkward aspiring ventriloquist in pursuit of a love interest and he learned ventriloquism and puppetry for the role convincingly enough to perform all of the voice stunts and puppet manipulation live on set in real time, with no subsequent post dubbing. King Kong was both a critical and box office success, it grossed $550 million worldwide and is Brodys most successful film to date in monetary terms, additionally, Brody played a detective in Hollywoodland. He has also appeared in Diet Coke and Schweppes commercials as well as Tori Amos music video for A Sorta Fairytale, on January 5,2006, Brody confirmed speculation that he was interested in playing the role of The Joker in 2008s The Dark Knight. However, Christopher Nolan and Warner Bros. decided instead to cast Heath Ledger in the role and he was also in talks with Paramount to play Spock in J. J. Abrams Star Trek XI, but it ultimately went to Zachary Quinto. In 2010, he starred in Splice, a fiction film written. Originally a Sundance film, Splice was adopted by Dark Castle Entertainment, most recently, he played the star role of Royce in Predators, directed by Nimród Antal and produced by Robert Rodriguez
15.
Lindsay Lohan
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Lindsay Dee Lohan is an American actress and singer. Lohan began her career as a fashion model when she was three, and was later featured on the soap opera Another World for a year when she was 10. At age 11, Lohan made her motion picture debut in Disneys commercially and critically successful 1998 remake of The Parent Trap and her next major motion picture, Disneys 2003 remake of Freaky Friday, was also a critical and commercial success. However, Lohans next starring role in the romantic comedy Just My Luck, following Just My Luck, Lohan focused on smaller, more mature roles in independent movies, receiving positive comments on her work, including A Prairie Home Companion, Bobby and Chapter 27. After recording several songs for her movie soundtracks, Lohan signed with Casablanca Records, though the album received mostly lukewarm reviews, it was certified platinum and sold over 4 million copies worldwide. Lohans second album, titled A Little More Personal, was released in December 2005 and that album received mixed reviews, and it was certified gold. In 2007, two driving under the influence led to Lohan being put on probation, and together with three visits to rehabilitation facilities caused the loss of several movie deals. In 2008 and 2009, Lohan worked as a fashion model and she resumed her acting career with TV work in 2008, and starred in the TV film Labor Pains. She appeared in Robert Rodriguezs feature film Machete, between 2010 and 2013, Lohan went into rehabilitation three times, and spent much of her time entangled in legal problems stemming from misdemeanors and probation violations. In 2012 and 2013, she did television work, including starring as Elizabeth Taylor in the biographical TV film Liz & Dick. In 2013, she starred in Paul Schraders independent film The Canyons, in 2014, the docu-series Lindsay aired on the Oprah Winfrey Network, and Lohan made her stage debut in the London West End production of Speed-the-Plow. Lindsay Lohan was born on July 2,1986, in The Bronx, New York City and she is the eldest child of Dina and Michael Lohan. Her father, a former Wall Street trader, has been in trouble with the law on several occasions, while her mother is a former singer and dancer. Lohan has three siblings, all of whom have been models or actors, Michael, Jr. who appeared with Lohan in The Parent Trap, Aliana, known as Ali. Lohan is of Irish and Italian heritage, and she was reared as a Catholic and her maternal antecedents were well known Irish Catholic stalwarts and her great-grandfather, John L. Sullivan, was a co-founder of the Pro-life Party in Long Island. Lohan attended Cold Spring Harbor High School and Sanford H. Calhoun High School, where she did well in science and mathematics, until grade 11, Lohan is a natural red head. Lohans parents have a turbulent history and they married in 1985, separated when she was three, and later reunited. They separated again in 2005 and finalized their divorce in 2007, Lohan began her career as a child model with Ford Models at the age of three
16.
Dirty Harry
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Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the Dirty Harry series. Clint Eastwood plays the role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department Inspector Dirty Harry Callahan. The film drew upon the case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath. Dirty Harry was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a genre of police films. It was followed by four sequels, Magnum Force in 1973, The Enforcer in 1976, Sudden Impact in 1983, in 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant. A psychopathic serial killer calling himself Scorpio shoots a woman in a San Francisco swimming pool from a nearby rooftop. The chief of police and the mayor assign the inspector to the case, while in a local diner, Callahan observes a bank robbery in progress. He goes outside, wielding his Smith & Wesson Model 29 revolver, Callahan then challenges him, I know what you’re thinking, Did he fire six shots or only five. Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement, but being this is a.44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world, and would blow your head clean off, you’ve got to ask yourself one question, Do I feel lucky. After the robber surrenders, he tells Callahan that he must know if the gun was still loaded, Callahan pulls the trigger, with the weapon pointed directly at the robber, and laughs, as it is revealed to be empty. Scorpio targets a gay male, but is interrupted by a police helicopter. Later that night, Callahan and his partner, Chico Gonzalez pursue a likely suspect. Following that, Callahan successfully halts a suicide attempt, after which he reveals that the origin of his nickname comes from the fact that he is given every dirty job to do. When Scorpio kills a black boy from another rooftop, the police believe the killer will next pursue a Catholic priest. Scorpio escapes, killing a police officer disguised as a priest, Scorpio then demands $200,000 for a teenage girl he has kidnapped, threatening to let her suffocate otherwise. The mayor decides to pay and tells Callahan to deliver the money with no tricks, but the inspector wears a covert listening device, brings a switchblade, and has his partner follow him. As Scorpio sends Callahan to various payphones throughout the city to make sure he is alone, Scorpio brutally beats Callahan and tells him hes going to kill him and let the girl die anyway, Gonzalez comes to his partners rescue but is wounded. Callahan stabs Scorpio in the leg, but the killer escapes without the money, the doctor who has treated Scorpios wound phones the police and tells Callahan and his new partner that he has seen Scorpio in Kezar Stadium
17.
Eminem
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Marshall Bruce Mathers III, known professionally as Eminem, is an American rapper, record producer, and actor. Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States, throughout his career, he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Globally, he has more than 172 million albums, thus being one of the worlds best-selling artists. Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and they were followed by Encore in 2004, another critical and commercial success. Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005, releasing Relapse in 2009, both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide, the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year. Eminems eighth album, 2013s The Marshall Mathers LP2, won two Grammy Awards, including Best Rap Album, it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15. In addition to his career, Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent. He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 59, Eminem has developed other ventures, including Shady Records, with manager Paul Rosenberg, which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent. Eminem has also established his own channel, Shade 45, on Sirius XM Radio. In November 2002, he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile, Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash, Funny People, The Interview and the television series Entourage. Eminem was born on October 17,1972, in St. Joseph, Missouri, Debbie was 14 when she met 18-year-old Bruce, at age 17, she nearly died during her 73-hour labor. Eminems parents were in a band called Daddy Warbucks, playing in Ramada Inns along the Dakotas–Montana border before their separation, Bruce left the family, moving to California and having two other children, Michael and Sarah. Debbie had son Nathan Nate Kane Samara on February 3,1986, during his childhood, Eminem and Debbie shuttled between Michigan and Missouri, rarely staying in one house for more than a year or two and living primarily with family members. In Missouri, they lived in places, including St. Joseph, Savannah. As a teenager Eminem wrote letters to his father, according to Debbie, friends and family remember Eminem as a happy child, but a bit of a loner who was often bullied. One bully, DeAngelo Bailey, severely injured Eminems head, Debbie filed a lawsuit against the school in 1982, Eminem spent much of his youth in a working-class, primarily black, Detroit neighborhood. He and Debbie were one of three white households on their block, and Eminem was beaten by black youths several times, as a child he was interested in storytelling, aspiring to be a comic-book artist before discovering hip hop. Eminem heard his first rap song on the Breakin soundtrack, a gift from Debbies half-brother Ronnie Polkinghorn, when Polkinghorn committed suicide in 1991, Eminem stopped speaking for days and did not attend his funeral
18.
Recovery (Eminem album)
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Recovery is the seventh studio album by American rapper Eminem. It was released on June 18,2010, by Aftermath Entertainment, Shady Records, originally planned to be released as Relapse 2, the album was renamed to Recovery when Eminem found the music of the new album different from its predecessor. Eminem also collaborated with such as Pink, Lil Wayne, Slaughterhouse. Recovery featured more introspective and emotional content than its predecessor and the theme of the album revolved around his positive changes, anxiety, to promote the album, he performed the albums songs live on televised shows, at award ceremonies, musical events and also headed The Recovery Tour. It spawned four singles, Not Afraid, Love the Way You Lie, No Love, Recovery had earned Eminem American Music Awards, Billboard Music Awards, Detroit Music Awards and Grammy Awards. It was also nominated for Brit Awards, Juno Awards and MTV Video Music Awards Japan, Recovery went on to become the best selling album of 2010 in the US and worldwide. At the 2011 Grammys It was nominated for Album of the Year, Song of the Year and Record of the Year for the Album and the international chart topping single Love the Way You Lie. In a press release, Eminem explained that he and Dr. Dre had recorded an amount of music whilst recording Relapse, thus. According to Angela Yees Shade 45 interview with Eminem on April 23,2009, during the interview Eminem also confirmed Its extremely close to being finished, it just depends on how many songs I want to put on it. He called into Shade 45 and said he was in the studio finishing up the album, when debuting his single, Not Afraid, Eminem told listeners that the album would not be featuring any skits, so it would contain more songs than his previous studio albums. He described a song titled Insult to Injury, in which Eminem performs in his voice, as a sequel to Underground. The song Hit Me With Your Best Shot featured his rap group D12, bizarre of D12 said the new song shows the groups strength despite the death of founder Proof by stating, Were still family, but everybodys got their own situations going on. He added, No matter what yall do, you cant hold D12 down, weve been through a lot of shit, but were still gonna come back and recover. Both Dr. Dre and 50 Cent were guests on the album, D12, Royce da 59, Lloyd Banks and Cashis had been speculated as possible features on the album. However, none of these artists are featured, Recovery only featured guest appearances by rapper Lil Wayne and solo singers Kobe, Pink. He decided to include Pink on Wont Back Down after recording his parts first because he felt like she would smash this record, on the bonus track Session One, Eminem features supergroup Slaughterhouse, signed with Shady Records. DJ Whoo Kid listened to the album and said, The Warning is a record to Mariah Carey. He added that the album is maniacal, Eminem appeared on Shade 45 with DJ Whoo Kid where he stated that a track with 50 Cent, in which the two rap together on verses, existed
19.
Flea market
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A flea market is a type of bazaar that rents or provides space to people who want to sell or barter merchandise. Used goods, cheap items, collectibles, and antiques are commonly sold, many markets offer fresh produce or baked goods, plants from local farms and vintage clothes. Renters of the flea market tables are called vendors and it may be indoors, as in a warehouse or school gymnasium, or outdoors, as in a field or parking lot or under a tent. Flea markets can be annually or semiannually, others may be conducted monthly, on weekends. Flea market vending is distinguished from street vending in that the market itself, many flea markets have food vendors who sell snacks and drinks to the patrons. Some flea market vendors have been targeted by law enforcement efforts to halt the sale of bootleg movies and music or knockoff brand clothing, toys, electrical goods, accessories, different English-speaking countries use various names for flea markets. In Australian English, they are also called trash and treasure markets, in Philippine English, the word is tianggê from the Nahuatl tianguis via Mexican Spanish, supplanting the indigenous term talipapâ. In India it is known as gurjari or shrukawadi bazaar or even as juna bazaar, in the United Kingdom they are known as car boot sales if the event takes place in a field or car park, as the vendors will sell goods from the boot of their car. If the event is held indoors, such as a school or church hall, then it is known as either a jumble sale, or a bring. In Quebec and France, they are often called Marché aux puces, while in French-speaking areas of Belgium, the name Brocante or vide-grenier is normally used. In Switzerland the Swiss German language term Flomärt, for example for the well-known Bürkliplatz-Flomärt is used, being a variation of the Allemanic word of Flohmarkt, in the predominantly Cuban/Hispanic areas of South Florida, they are called pulgero from pulga, the Spanish word for fleas. While the concept existed in such as what are now India, Bangladesh, and China for millennia. According to one theory, the Fly Market in 18th-century New York City began the association, the Dutch word vlaie was located at Maiden Lane near the East River in Manhattan. The land on which the market stood was originally a marsh with a brook. Another theory maintains that flea market is a common English calque from the French marché aux puces, the first reference to this term appeared in two conflicting stories about a location in Paris in the 1860s which was known as the marché aux puces. The traditional and most-publicised story is in the article What Is a Flea Market
20.
Chamois leather
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Chamois leather — is a type of porous leather, traditionally the skin of the chamois, a type of European mountain goat but today it is made almost exclusively from the flesh split of a sheepskin. The leather is favored for its gentle, non-abrasive composition and absorption properties, in the United States, the term chamois without any qualification is restricted to the flesh split of the sheep or lambskin tanned solely with oils. Chamois leather is often counterfeited with goat or pig skin, the practice of which is a particular profession called by the French chamoiser and it was discovered that when tanned in the local cod oil of nearby Biarritz, the result was a material of unprecedented absorbency. This leather was fashioned into soft white gloves designed for carriage footmen and this industry usage later transferred to the chauffeurs of the horseless carriages invented in the early 1900s. Genuine chamois leather has almost no abrasive properties, and can be used as a very absorbent drying material for any automobile surface and this has made it a popular product for car cleaning and drying. The elasticity of the pores, which are very close. Its water absorbency makes it good for other uses, such as in cycling shorts and it was also used in purifying mercury, which is done by passing it through the pores of the skin. When soaked with gasoline, chamois will not allow water to pass through its surface fibers. This property is used to fuel that has been stored in drums prone to ingress of water. The technique is to provide a large-mouthed funnel with a wide outlet surface that supports a woven wire base, the lower part of the funnel is tapered to fit the receptacle or tank-filler aperture. A suitably sized chamois skin is soaked in fuel and placed over the grid in the funnel and brought up the sides, forming a bowl. Fuel can then be pumped into the top of the funnel by the fuel dispenser, the process can be stopped to lift out the assembly from the tank and the trapped water removed so that the job can be continued. Chamois leather is used thus as a filter by boaters, auto detailers—and aircraft refuellers. Widely used for drying and buffing vehicles, such as cars and vans, small pieces of chamois leather are commonly used as blending tools by artists drawing with charcoal. The leather blends the charcoal more softly and cleanly than the artists fingers, the chamois is also used to lighten the drawing by removing some charcoal in a more subtle and nuanced way than most erasers could. The charcoal can be washed from the leather using soap and water, divers use towels made of chamois leather to dry themselves between jumps, as they can be quickly dried by squeezing them
21.
Slate (magazine)
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Slate is an online liberal / progressive magazine that covers current affairs, politics and culture in the United States. It was created in 1996 by former New Republic editor Michael Kinsley, on 21 December 2004, it was purchased by The Washington Post Company, later renamed the Graham Holdings Company. Since 4 June 2008, Slate has been managed by The Slate Group, Slate is based in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, DC. A French version was launched in February 2009 by a group of four journalists, including Jean-Marie Colombani, Eric Leser, among them, the founders hold 50% in the publishing company, while The Slate Group holds 15%. In 2011, slate. fr started a separate site covering African news, Slate Afrique, in July 2014, Julia Turner replaced David Plotz, who had been editor of Slate since 2008. Plotz had been the deputy editor to Jacob Weisberg, Slates editor from 2002 until his designation as the Chairman, the Washington Post Companys John Alderman is Slates publisher. Slate, which is updated throughout the day, covers politics, arts and culture, sports, as of mid-2015, it publishes about 1500 stories per month. Slate is also known for adopting contrarian views, giving rise to the term Slate Pitches and it is ad-supported and has been available to read free of charge since 1999, but restricted access for non-US readers via a metered paywall in 2015. Slate features regular and semi-regular columns such as Explainer, Moneybox, Spectator, Transport, many of the articles are short and argument-driven. Around 2010, the magazine began running long-form journalism. Many of the stories are an outgrowth of the Fresca Fellowships. In the context of a 2014 reader discussion, it was stated that the magazine is perceived to have left-liberal leanings, in 1998, Slate introduced a paywall-based business model that attracted up 20,000 subscribers but was abandoned afterwards. A similar subscription model would later be implemented by Slates independently owned competitor, Salon. com, on November 30,2005, Slate started a daily feature ”Todays Pictures”, featuring fifteen to twenty photographs from the archive at Magnum Photos that share a common theme. The column also features two flash animated ”Interactive Essays” a month, in June 2006, on its tenth anniversary, Slate unveiled a redesigned website. In 2007, it introduced Slate V, a video magazine with content that relates to or expands upon their written articles. In 2013, the magazine was redesigned under the guidance of Design Director Vivian Selbo, in 2011, Slate was nominated for four digital National Magazine Awards and won the NMA for General Excellence. In the same year, the laid off several high-profile journalists, including co-founder Jack Shafer. At the time, it had around 40 full-time editorial staff, the following year, a dedicated ad sales team was created
22.
Billy Mays
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He and his business partner, Anthony Sullivan, were also featured on PitchMen, a Discovery Channel television series that documented their work. His distinctive beard, attire, and impassioned sales pitches made him a television presence in the United States. Mays was born in McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania and raised in nearby Pittsburgh, Mays was a student at Sto-Rox High School, and later West Virginia University, where he was a walk-on linebacker on its football team during his two years there. After dropping out of college, Mays worked for his fathers hazardous waste company before moving to Atlantic City, on the Atlantic City boardwalk, Mays sold the Washmatik portable washing device to passersby, along with other As Seen on TV products. In Atlantic City, he was taught how to sell by the older salesmen, thats the kind of style I have. At a Pittsburgh home show in 1993, Mays struck up a friendship with rival salesman Max Appel, founder of Orange Glo International, a Denver-based manufacturer of cleaning products. He was then hired by the company to promote their line of cleaners, OxiClean, Orange Clean, Orange Glo and that same year he also befriended another future pitchman, Anthony Sullivan. Customer response to Mays sales pitches was enthusiastic, with an increase in sales after his first day on the network. He was very well known for shouting in an abrasive manner during infomercials, for example, Washington Post staff writer Frank Ahrens called him and other similar television salesmen a full-volume pitchman, amped up like a candidate for a tranquilizer-gun takedown. In October 2000 he shot an informercial for the then-three-year-old OxiClean corporation and he would be a staple on the group, as well as the more common company at the time, OrangeGlo. Later on he would appear in Kaboom infomercials, Mays was the CEO and founder of Mays Promotions, Inc. based at his home in Odessa, Florida. His services as a pitchman became highly sought-after, and he appeared in commercials for many diverse as seen on TV products such as Mighty Putty, Mays claimed to be an avid user of the products he promoted. In December 2008, Mays began appearing in ads for ESPNs online service and these ads were a slight departure for Mays as they were designed to be parodies of his and other infomercial cliches with Mays appearing to be doing a parody of himself. He also made an appearance during the 2008 Champs Sports Bowl promoting ESPNs and ABCs January 1,2009. Prior to his death, Mays had signed a deal with Taco Bell to film commercials for the chain. Shooting was scheduled to begin in August 2009, on April 15,2009, the Discovery Channel began airing PitchMen, a documentary series that featured Mays and Anthony Sullivan in their jobs in direct-response marketing. After Mays death, Discovery Channel aired a special Billy Mays tribute special, Pitchman, on March 27,2009, Mays appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. He and Sullivan also appeared on The Tonight Show with Conan OBrien on June 23,2009, Mays first marriage was to Dolores Dee Dee Mays, which ended in divorce
23.
Home Shopping Network
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Home Shopping Network is an American broadcast, basic cable and satellite television network that is owned by HSN, Inc. which also owns catalog company Cornerstone Brands. Based in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States, the shopping channel has former. HSN also has an outlet at HSN. com. Mindy Grossman is the current CEO of the company and she became CEO of HSN in 2006, and aggressively reinvented and relaunched the brand. She took HSN public in 2008, and currently oversees its multibillion-dollar retail portfolio and multimedia expansion. The forerunner of HSN was launched by Lowell Bud Paxson and Roy Speer in 1982 as the Home Shopping Club and its competitor QVC was launched the following year. The idea for HSN had its roots in a radio station managed by Paxson, due to an advertisers liquidity problem in 1977, the company was paid in can openers. Left with having to raise the funds, on-air personality Bob Circosta went on the radio, the can openers sold out, and an industry was born. Circosta later became the new networks first ever home shopping host, in 1986, HSN began a second network that broadcast over-the-air on a number of television stations it had acquired under the name Silver King Broadcasting. HSN continues to air on low-power stations, ventana Television has the same street address as HSN, and is the holding company for its broadcast licenses. In 1997, HSN formally launched its second nationwide electronic retail venture, in April 2007, Americas Store ceased operating permanently. Most of the Americas Store hosts were absorbed into the HSN programming schedule, in 1998, Home Shopping Network launched a Spanish-language service Home Shopping en Español on the Univision-owned Galavision cable network. In 2000, the Spanish version rebranded itself as HSE and began broadcasting on low-power stations in the U. S. and it also ceased to broadcast through Galavision. In June 2002, HSE ceased to operate, in 1999, the company launched HSN. com, which as of 2009 is one of the 10 most trafficked e-commerce websites. Bud Paxson died on January 9,2015, in August 2009, HSN launched a high definition simulcast feed, which broadcasts in the 1080i resolution format. At launch, it was carried by Time Warner Cable and Verizon FiOS, it has since been added by other such as Comcast. As of February 2013, the standard definition channel is now merely downscaled at the provider from the HD feed rather than having a channel for 4,3 TVs. HSN launched a channel, HSN2, on August 1,2010
24.
Consumer Reports
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Consumer Reports publishes reviews and comparisons of consumer products and services based on reporting and results from its in-house testing laboratory and survey research center. The magazine accepts no advertising, pays for all the products it tests and it also publishes general and targeted product/service buying guides. As of April 2016 it had approximately 7 million subscribers and an annual testing budget of approximately US$25 million, Consumer Reports is well known for its policies on editorial independence, which it says are to maintain our independence and impartiality. CU has no other than the interests of consumers. CR has unusually strict requirements and sometimes has taken extraordinary steps, Consumer Reports does not allow outside advertising in the magazine but its website has retailers advertisements. Consumer Reports states that PriceGrabber places the ads and pays a percentage of fees to CR. Consumer Reports publishes reviews of its business partner and recommends it in at least one case, CR had a similar relationship with BizRate at one time and has had relationships with other companies including Amazon. com, Yahoo. The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, BillShrink, CR also accepts grants from other organizations, and at least one high-ranking Consumer Reports employee has gone on to work for a company he evaluated. CR also forbids the use of its reviews for selling products, for example, CR has gone to court to enforce that rule. However, in order to review some products before they are publicly available CR does accept press samples from manufacturers, for most of CRs history it minimized contact with government and industry experts to avoid compromising the independence of its judgment. In 2007, in response to errors in infant car seat testing, it began accepting advice from a range of experts on designing tests. Also, at times CR allows manufacturers to review and respond to criticism before publication, some objective and comparative tests published by Consumer Reports are carried out under the umbrella of the international consumer organization International Consumer Research & Testing. Consumer Reports also uses outside labs for testing, including for 11 percent of tests in 2006, consumerReports. org, the related website is largely available only to paid subscribers. ConsumerReports. org provides updates on product availability, and adds new products to previously-published test results, in 1990, Consumers Union launched Consumer Reports Television. By March 2005 it was hosted by over 100 stations, on August 1,2006 Consumers Union launched ShopSmart, a magazine aimed at young women. In 2008, Consumers Union acquired The Consumerist blog from Gawker Media, WebWatch worked with the Stanford Web Credibility Project, Harvard Universitys Berkman Center, The Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania, and others. WebWatch is a member of ICANN, the W3C and the Internet Society, as of July 31,2009, WebWatch has been shut down, though the site is still available. Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs is available free on Consumer Reports Health. org, also in 2005 Consumers Union launched the service Greener Choices, which is meant to inform, engage, and empower consumers about environmentally-friendly products and practices
25.
Zorbeez
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Zorbeez is a chamois cloth which is claimed by manufacturer Vertical Branding to be capable of absorbing over 20 fluid oz. of liquid. However, it has often been tested with mixed results, in March 2009, Popular Mechanics tested Zorbeez against competitor ShamWow, and Zorbeez was found to be inferior. Mainly marketed on television, Zorbeez was represented by TV personality Billy Mays, wFLXs Deal or Dud segment tested the Zorbeez, and they called it a Deal
26.
Product demonstration
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In marketing, a product demonstration is a promotion where a product is demonstrated to potential customers. The goal of such a demonstration is to introduce customers to the product in hopes of getting them to purchase that item. Products offered as samples during these demonstrations may include new products, in-store demonstrations are usually performed at large retail locations, such as supermarkets, department or discount stores, or in shopping malls. The products that are promoted at in-store demonstrations may be food and beverages, food preparation equipment, housekeeping products, personal care items, the samples that are distributed may either be in readymade packets pre-assembled for the demonstration, or are prepared on site by the demonstrator. Some demonstrations involve the distribution of prepared food, requiring the demonstrator to bring equipment such as an oven or hot plate to the location. Often, coupons for the product are distributed as part of the demonstration, some demonstrations consist of coupon distribution only. Demonstrators may be employees of the store where the demonstration is being performed, employees or the manufacturer of the product, most are not trained to seek out customers likely to buy the product. In-store demonstrations allow potential customers to touch or taste a product before they buy, by the mid-1950s Ron Popeil states that I was working in the Woolworths store in Chicago selling the Chop-O-Matic, standing eight or 10 hours a day. I would do six demonstrations an hour and my vocal cords were so strained that I wouldnt want to talk to anybody when the day was over. The concept of the demonstration started to boom in the 1980s. Door-to-door, and by-appointment salespeople demonstrate such products as Tupperware, encyclopedias, vacuums, prototypes are often demonstrated in trade shows, and are called tech demos. Product demonstrations have been a staple of state fairs for many years, the first product demonstration in a format that would later be called an infomercial is attributed to a 1949 demonstration of the Vitamix blender. Many countries around the world do not place restrictions on outdoor product marketing. Salespeople set up temporary sites to demonstrate their wares in order to attract sales, a wide variety of products are demonstrated roadside throughout the China. Such products include frying pans, induction cookers, rubber gloves, vegetable peelers and slicers, stain removers, though uncommon today, the street demonstration was ubiquitous in such places as the Boardwalk in Atlantic City. Included with a purchase, a video on a DVD disc may be provided demonstrating the products use, video product demonstrations can also be found on the Internet at the homepages of companies or on web hosting sites such as YouTube. One notable example is the viral video Will It Blend, product demonstration videos have become increasingly important for the sale of music equipment. With the increase of online shopping, there are opportunities to try a product prior to purchase
27.
Adam Carolla
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Adam Carolla is an American comedian, radio personality, television host, actor, podcaster, author and director. He hosts The Adam Carolla Show, a show distributed as a podcast which set the record as the most downloaded podcast as judged by Guinness World Records in 2011. Carolla co-hosted the syndicated radio call-in program Loveline from 1995 to 2005 as well as the television incarnation on MTV from 1996 to 2000. He was the co-host and co-creator of the television program The Man Show, and the co-creator and he hosted The Adam Carolla Project, a home improvement television program which aired on TLC in 2005 and The Car Show on Speed TV in 2011. Carolla has also appeared on the reality television programs Dancing with the Stars. His book In Fifty Years Well All Be Chicks debuted on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2010, Adam Carolla was born in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. His father, Jim Carolla, was a psychologist of Italian heritage, the two separated when Adam was young. Carolla was not given a name by his parents, on his drivers license application he listed his middle name as Lakers as a joke. The application was processed without notice, and the name appears as Adam Lakers Carolla to this day. His maternal step-grandfather was screenwriter László Görög, who wrote The Mole People, Adam was raised in the North Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles. He attended Colfax Elementary School, Walter Reed Junior High, Carolla did not receive his high school diploma until years later as it was held by the school until a library fine was paid. Carolla can be seen paying off the book and receiving his diploma in an episode of his 2005 television show, during his earlier years, Carolla played Pop Warner football for seven years, he later suggested that being involved in sports saved him from a chaotic home life. During his senior year at North Hollywood High School, Carolla distinguished himself in football, in December 1981, he was named to the First Team Offensive Line, Central Valley League, one of 8 leagues at the time in the LA City Section of the California Interscholastic Federation. He began living on his own at the age of 18, although broke, Carolla, his friends, and roommates owned a 1963 Cadillac limousine. In the early 1990s, Carolla studied improvisational comedy with The Groundlings and was a member of the ACME Comedy Theatre troupe, in 1994, Carolla volunteered his services as a boxing trainer to prepare Jimmy Kimmel for a bout being staged by KROQ-FMs morning radio program Kevin and Bean. Kimmel was a regular on the show as Jimmy the Sports Guy, Carolla parlayed this opportunity into a long-running friendship and business partnership with Kimmel as well as a recurring role on Kevin and Bean as cranky woodshop teacher, Mr. Birchum. In October 1995, after being signed to the William Morris Agency by Mark Itkin and his co-hosts were the physician Drew Pinsky and Riki Rachtman. Carolla received the offer after Pinsky heard him on Kevin and Bean Loveline is broadcast on KROQ-FM in Los Angeles and is syndicated nationwide on the Westwood One radio network, in contrast to the reserved, thoughtful Pinsky, Carolla served as the loud, funny side of the show
28.
DJ
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A disc jockey is a person who mixes different sources of pre-existing recorded music as it is playing, usually for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or via broadcasting. DJs typically perform for an audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s. DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale, in hip hop music, DJs may create beats, using percussion breaks, basslines and other musical content sampled from pre-existing records. In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to rap over, DJs use equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together. This allows the DJ to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs, DJ equipment, notably the specialized DJ mixer, a small audio mixer with a crossfader and cue functions. The crossfader enables the DJ to blend or transition from one song to another, the cue knobs or switches allow the DJ to preview a source of recorded music in headphones before playing it for the live club or broadcast audience. Previewing the music in headphones helps the DJ pick the track they want to play. DJs may also use a microphone to speak to the audience, effects such as reverb to create sound effects, drum machines. The title DJ is also used by DJs in front of their real names or adopted pseudonyms or stage names as a title to denote their profession. Some DJs focus on creating a mix of songs for the club dancers or radio audience. Other DJs use turntablism techniques such as scratching, in which the DJ or turntablist manipulates the record player turntable to create new sounds. In many types of DJing, including club DJing and radio/TV DJing, there are several types of disc jockey. Radio DJs or radio personalities introduce and play music that is broadcast on AM, FM, club DJs select and play music in bars, nightclubs or discothèques, or at parties, raves, or even in stadiums. Mobile DJs travel with portable sound systems and play recorded music at a variety of events. Some mobile DJs also serve as the master of ceremonies at weddings or other events, directing the attention of attendees, there are also many competitions for DJs that specialize in different turntablism techniques, such as mixing, hip hop music-style scratching or other kinds of techniques. Other types of DJ use musical performance techniques that allow them to be categorized as performing musicians, hip hop DJs and are also often songwriters or music producers who use turntablism and sampling to create backing instrumentals for new tracks. In reggae, the DJ is a vocalist who raps, toasts, chants or chats over pre-recorded rhythm tracks, the individual who helps the DJ by selecting tracks or records to be played is called the selector. Many electronica artists and producers who work as DJs often perform music by combining turntablism with keyboards, digital musical instruments
29.
Steve Porter (producer)
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Steve Porter is a music video producer, remixer and DJ originally from Amherst, Massachusetts. He is best known for his pop-culture mashup remixes and studio work as a house producer. Porter began producing music while attending Williston Northampton School, and was discovered by Chris Fortier in 1999, since that time, he has toured as a DJ and has released remixes and original music. In 2009, Porter placed second in the DJ Times Americas Best DJ poll, in the same year, Porter founded Porterhouse Media, an audio/visual marketing company that creates viral videos. Porter has won awards for his videos, including two Webby Awards and one Daytime Emmy Award nomination. Steve Porter was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, around 1978, catherine was an ombudsman at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and Roger founded the schools polymer science and engineering department. Porter was interested in sports from an age, in part because of the NHLPA Hockey 93 video game for the Sega Genesis. He attended Williston Northampton School, where he was part of a club for budding DJs and he graduated from the school in the 1990s. As a DJ, Porter was discovered by Chris Fortier and signed to his label, throughout the early 2000s, Porter toured North America, Asia, and Europe as a DJ. His touring included festivals such as Lollapalooza and Coachella, during this time, he released several trance music albums, which received mixed to positive reviews from critics. In 2009, he ranked number 2 in the DJ Times Americas Best DJ poll, interested in branching out from traditional DJing, Porter began working on video remixes of commercials and celebrities. One of these remixes was a video called Rap Chop. Porter posted it to YouTube on April 25,2009, and soon afterward the video went viral, the Press Hop video was viewed over 3 million times. In July 2009, because of the success of the Rap Chop video, Porter was also contracted by FedEx, and the Press Hop remix aired on ESPN. The Press Hop remix also helped Porter gain attention from other sports associations, because of the success of his early remixes, Porter founded a production company, PorterHouse Media, in 2009. Porterhouse Media is a company based in Holyoke, Massachusetts. The companys main service is creating viral media remixes as advertisements for sports teams and leagues and television such as ESPN, ABC. By 2012, the company had produced approximately 100 video remixes, Most of them are about 30 seconds long
30.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
31.
Kitchen utensil
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A kitchen utensil is a small hand held tool used for food preparation. A cooking utensil is a utensil for cooking, a partially overlapping category of tools is that of eating utensils, which are tools used for eating. Some utensils are both kitchen utensils and eating utensils, cutlery can be used for both food preparation in a kitchen and as eating utensils when dining. Other cutlery such as forks and spoons are both kitchen and eating utensils and these latter categorizations include utensils — made of glass, silver, clay, and so forth — that are not necessarily kitchen utensils. He observed that iron had been used as a substitute, by the turn of the 20th century, Maria Parloa noted that kitchen utensils were made of iron and steel, copper, nickel, silver, tin, clay, earthenware, and aluminium. The latter, aluminium, became a material for kitchen utensils in the 20th century. Copper has good thermal conductivity and copper utensils are both durable and attractive in appearance, however, they are also comparatively heavier than utensils made of other materials, require scrupulous cleaning to remove poisonous tarnish compounds, and are not suitable for acidic foods. Iron is more prone to rusting than copper, for some iron kitchen utensils, water is a particular problem, since it is very difficult to dry them fully. In particular, iron egg-beaters or ice cream freezers are tricky to dry, when storing iron utensils for long periods, van Rensselaer recommended coating them in non-salted fat or paraffin. Iron utensils have little problem with high cooking temperatures, are simple to clean as they become smooth with long use, are durable and comparatively strong, however, as noted, they rust comparatively easily. Stainless steel finds many applications in the manufacture of kitchen utensils, stainless steel is considerably less likely to rust in contact with water or food products, and so reduces the effort required to maintain utensils in clean useful condition. Cutting tools made with stainless steel maintain an edge while not presenting the risk of rust found with iron or other types of steel. Thompson noted that as a consequence of this the use of glazed earthenware was prohibited by law in some countries from use in cooking. In addition to their problems with shock, enamelware utensils require careful handling, as careful as for glassware. But enamel utensils are not affected by acidic foods, are durable, however, they cannot be used with strong alkalis. Earthenware, porcelain, and pottery utensils can be used for cooking and serving food, and so thereby save on washing-up of two separate sets of utensils. They are durable, and excellent for slow, even cooking in even heat, however, they are comparatively unsuitable for cooking using a direct heat, such as a cooking over a flame. However, its disadvantages are that it is easily discoloured, can be dissolved by acidic foods, in the European Union, the construction of kitchen utensils made of aluminium is determined by two European standards, EN601 and EN602
32.
Double entendre
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A double entendre is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording that is devised to be understood in two ways, having a double meaning. Typically one of the meanings is obvious, given the context whereas the other may require more thought, the innuendo may convey a message that would be socially awkward, sexually suggestive, or offensive to state directly. A double entendre may exploit puns to convey the second meaning, double entendres generally rely on multiple meanings of words, or different interpretations of the same primary meaning. They often exploit ambiguity and may be used to introduce it deliberately in a text, sometimes a homophone can be used as a pun. When three or more meanings have been constructed, this is known as a triple entendre, etc. A person who is unfamiliar with the hidden or alternative meaning of a sentence may fail to detect its innuendos, the expression comes from French double = double and entendre = to listen. However, the English formulation is a corruption of the authentic French expression à double entente, modern French uses double sens instead, the phrase double entendre has no real meaning in the modern French language. In Homers The Odyssey, when Odysseus is captured by the Cyclops Polyphemus, when Odysseus attacks the Cyclops later that night and stabs him in the eye, the Cyclops runs out of his cave, yelling to the other cyclopes that No-one has hurt me. Which leads the other cyclopes to take no action under the assumption that Polyphemus blinded himself by accident, allowing Odysseus, some of the earliest double entendres are found in the Exeter Book, or Codex exoniensis, at Exeter Cathedral in England. The book was copied around 975 AD, in addition to the various poems and stories found in the book, there are also numerous riddles. The Anglo-Saxons did not reveal the answers to the riddles, some riddles were double-entendres, such as Riddle 25 which suggests the answer a penis but has the correct answer an onion. Examples of sexual innuendo and double-entendre occur in Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, the most famous of these may be her use of the word queynte to describe both domestic duties and genitalia. Sometimes, it is whether a double entendre was intended. For example, the character Charley Bates from Charles Dickens Oliver Twist is frequently referred to as Master Bates, the word masturbate was in use when the book was written, and Dickens often used colourful names related to the natures of the characters. The title of Damon Knights story To Serve Man is a double entendre which could mean to perform a service to humanity or to serve a human as food. An alien cookbook with the title To Serve Man is featured in the story which could imply that the aliens eat humans, the story was the basis for an episode of The Twilight Zone. At the end of the episode the line Its a cookbook, shakespeare frequently used double entendres in his plays. The title of Shakespeares play Much Ado About Nothing is a pun on the Elizabethan use of no-thing as slang for vagina
33.
Electro (music)
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Electro is a genre of electronic music and early hip hop directly influenced by the use of the Roland TR-808 drum machines, and funk. This is the distinction between electro and previously prominent genres such as disco, in which the electronic sound was only part of the instrumentation. It also palpably deviates from its predecessor boogie for being less vocal-oriented, following the decline of disco music in the United States, electro emerged as a fusion of funk and New York boogie. Early hip hop and rap combined with German and Japanese electropop influences such as Kraftwerk, Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, Nunk by Warp 9. In 1983, Hashim created an electro funk sound which influenced Herbie Hancock, the early 1980s were electros mainstream peak. By the mid 1980s, the genre moved away from its electronic and funk influences, using harder edged beats and rock samples, Electro became popular again in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke. A third wave of popularity occurred in 2007, Electro has branched out into subgenres, including Electrocore and Skweee, which developed in Sweden and Finland. From its inception, one of the characteristics of the electro sound was the use of drum machines, particularly the Roland TR-808. As the genre evolved, computers and sampling replaced drum machines in electronic music and it is important to note, that although the electro of the 1980s and contemporary electro both grew out of the dissolution of disco, they are now different genres. Classic electro drum patterns tend to be electronic emulations of breakbeats, with a kick drum. The difference between electro drumbeats and breakbeats is that electro tends to be mechanical, while breakbeats tend to have more of a human-like feel. The definition however is somewhat ambiguous in nature due to the uses of the term. The Roland TR-808 drum machine hit the market in 1980, defining early electro with its immediately recognizable sound, staccato, percussive drumbeats tended to dominate electro, almost exclusively provided by the TR-808. As an inexpensive way of producing a sound, the TR-808 caught on quickly with the producers of early electro because of the ability of its bass drum to generate extreme low-frequencies. This aspect of the Roland TR-808 was especially appealing to producers who would test drive their tracks in nightclubs and its unique percussion sounds like handclaps, open and closed high-hat, clave and cowbell became integral to the electro sound. A number of songs in the early 1980s employed the TR-808, including Marvin Gaye’s “Sexual Healing, ” Cybotron’s “Clear, ” and Afrika Bambaataa’s “Planet Rock. ”The Roland TR-808 has attained iconic status. Through the use of samples, the Roland TR-808 remains popular in electro, most electro is instrumental, but a common element is vocals processed through a vocoder. Additionally, speech synthesis may be used to create robotic or mechanical lyrical content, as in the iconic Planet Rock, although primarily instrumental, early electro utilized rap
34.
Auto-Tune
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Auto-Tune is an audio processor created by Antares Audio Technologies which uses a proprietary device to measure and alter pitch in vocal and instrumental music recording and performances. It was originally intended to disguise or correct off-key inaccuracies, allowing vocal tracks to be perfectly tuned despite originally being slightly off-key, the processor slightly shifts pitches to the nearest true semitone. Auto-Tune can also be used as an effect to distort the voice when pitch is raised or lowered significantly, such that the voice is heard to leap from note to note stepwise. Auto-Tune is available as a plug-in for professional audio multi-tracking suites used in a setting and as a stand-alone. Auto-Tune has become standard equipment in professional recording studios, instruments like the Peavey AT-200 guitar are seamlessly using the Auto Tune technology for real time pitch correction. Auto-Tune was initially created by Andy Hildebrand, an engineer working for Exxon, Hildebrand developed methods for interpreting seismic data and subsequently realized that the technology could be used to detect, analyze, and modify the pitch in audio files. The earliest commercial use of Auto-Tune as an effect in a popular song was Roy Vedas Fragments Of Life in August 17th 1998 and later on in Chers Believe. The effect is not to be confused with a vocoder or the talk box, devices referenced by producers of these songs when they were new to hide their use of Auto-Tune from music audiences. For example, in an interview, the producers of Believe claimed they had used a DigiTech Talker FX pedal. After the success of Believe the technique known as the Cher Effect. Originally, Auto-Tune was designed to discreetly correct imprecise intonations, and this technique soon became a widespread technique used in live performances and in pop recordings throughout the first ten years of the 21st century. According to Chris Lee of the Los Angeles Times, Believe is widely credited with injecting Auto-Tunes mechanical modulations into pop consciousness, in the year 2000, the single Naive Song performed by Mirwais Ahmadzai from his album Production is the first ever track using Auto-Tune on the complete vocals. The use of Auto-Tune as an effect was bolstered in the late 2000s by hip hop/R&B recording artist T-Pain who elaborated on the effect. He cites new jack swing producer Teddy Riley and funk artist Roger Troutmans use of the Talk Box as inspirations for his own use of Auto-Tune, T-Pain became so associated with Auto-Tune that he has an iPhone App named after him that simulates the effect, called I Am T-Pain. Auto-Tune has since used in other hip hop/R&B artists works, including Snoop Doggs single Sexual Eruption, Lil Waynes Lollipop. The effect has become popular in raï music and other genres from Northern Africa. According to the Boston Herald, country stars Faith Hill, Shania Twain, however, other country music singers, such as Allison Moorer, Trisha Yearwood, Vince Gill, Garth Brooks and Martina McBride, have refused to use Auto-Tune. At the 51st Grammy Awards in early 2009, the band Death Cab for Cutie made an appearance wearing blue ribbons to protest the use of Auto-Tune in the music industry
35.
Mug shot
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A mug shot or mugshot is a photographic portrait typically taken after a person is arrested. However, in the United States entrepreneurs have recently begun to exploit the mug shot for commercial gains via the mug shot publishing industry. Photographing of criminals began in the 1840s only a few years after the invention of photography, Mug is an English slang term for face, dating from the 18th century. Mug shot can more loosely mean any small picture of a used for any reason. A typical mug shot is two-part, with one side-view photo, the background is usually stark and simple, to avoid distraction from the facial image. Mug shots may be compiled into a mug book in order to determine the identity of a criminal, in high-profile cases, mug shots may also be published in the mass media. The earliest photos of prisoners taken for use by law enforcement may have taken in Belgium in 1843 and 1844. In the United Kingdom, police in Liverpool and Birmingham were photographing criminals by 1848, by 1857, the New York City police department had a gallery where daguerreotypes of criminals were displayed. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency began using these on wanted posters in the United States, by the 1870s the agency had amassed the largest collection of mug shots in the U. S. After the defeat of the Paris Commune in 1871, the Prefecture of Police of Paris hired a photographer, Eugène Appert, in 1888, Alphonse Bertillon invented the modern mug shot featuring full face and profile views, standardizing the lighting and angles. This system was adopted throughout Europe, and in the United States. The arrested person is required to hold a placard with name, date of birth, booking ID, weight. With digital photography, the photograph is linked to a database record concerning the arrest. Mug shots have often incorporated into wanted posters, including those for the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. In the US in the early 21st century an online industry developed around the publication, the US legal system has long held that mug shots can have a negative effect on juries. Elsewhere it cites a ruling in Commonwealth v. Martin that admission of a mug shot is laden for characterizing the defendant as a careerist in crime. Bruzz video, the worlds oldest mug shots date from 1843 Mug shot publishing industry Rogues gallery
36.
Dante (comedian)
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Dante, was born on October 2,1970, and is an American comedian from Ridgecrest, California. Dante is the youngest of four children, in 1982, Dante and his parents moved to San Diego where he attended Patrick Henry High School. Dante starred in the 1996 BET sitcom The Blackberry Inn, in 2007, he appeared in season 5 of Last Comic Standing on NBC, and was eliminated in episode 7, the first of seven elimination episodes. Dante ran for mayor of Los Angeles in 2001, Dante at the Internet Movie Database
37.
20th Century Fox
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Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, the studio was formerly owned by News Corporation. 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, the studios biggest star, Will Rogers, died in a plane crash weeks after the merger. Its leading female star, Janet Gaynor, was fading in popularity and promising leading men James Dunn, at first, it was expected that the new company was originally to be called Fox-20th Century, even though 20th Century was the senior partner in the merger. However, 20th Century brought more to the bargaining table besides Schenck and Zanuck, the new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31,1935, the hyphen was dropped in 1985. Schenck became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, while Kent remained as President, Zanuck became Vice President in Charge of Production, replacing Foxs longtime production chief Winfield Sheehan. The company established a training school. The contracts included an option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have founded in 1915. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary, however, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The companys films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their credits as well as its opening fanfare. Also on the Fox payroll he found two players who he built up into the studios leading assets, Alice Faye and seven-year-old Shirley Temple, favoring popular biographies and musicals, Zanuck built Fox back to profitability. Thanks to record attendance during World War II, Fox overtook RKO, while Zanuck went off for eighteen months war service, junior partner William Goetz kept profits high by going for light entertainment. The studios—indeed the industrys—biggest star was creamy blonde Betty Grable, in 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. Together with Zanuck, who returned in 1943, they intended to make Foxs output more serious-minded. During the next few years, with pictures like The Razors Edge, Wilson, Gentlemans Agreement, The Snake Pit, Boomerang, and Pinky, Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams Leave Her to Heaven, starring Gene Tierney and they also made the 1958 film version of South Pacific
38.
There's Something About Mary
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Theres Something About Mary is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Bobby and Peter Farrelly. It stars Cameron Diaz as the character with Ben Stiller, Chris Elliott. The film was placed 27th in the American Film Institutes 100 Years,100 Laughs, Americas Funniest Movies, in 2000, readers of Total Film magazine voted it the fourth-greatest comedy film of all time. Diaz won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, an MTV Movie Award for Best Performance, an American Comedy Award for Best Actress and she also received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance. It was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy and it won 4 out of 8 MTV Movie Awards, including Best Movie. In 1985, 16-year-old high school student Ted Stroehmann lands a date with his dream girl Mary Jensen. After the ordeal gains the attention of members of the household and community and Ted is carted off to a hospital. Thirteen years later, in 1998, 29-year-old Ted is still in love with Mary, on the advice of his best friend Dom, he hires a smarmy private detective named Pat Healy to track her down. Healy discovers that she is an orthopedic surgeon living in Miami with her friend, Magda and he lies to Ted about her, saying she is grossly overweight with many children, to discourage him from having any contact with her. Enraged, Healy tails Tucker and discovers him to be a fraud himself, he is an able-bodied, for years, Tucker has been driving away potential rivals through slander, including one oft-mentioned suitor referred to only as Brett. Meanwhile, Ted decides he wants to reconnect with Mary and, assisted by Dom, drives down to Florida. Ted seems to have won Marys love, until an anonymous letter exposes his connection with Healy, and she breaks contact with him. Ted confronts Healy and Tucker, and Mary is accosted by Dom, who is revealed to be her former boyfriend Woogie, after reuniting Brett and Mary, Ted leaves tearfully until Mary catches up to Ted, saying that she would be happiest with him. Bill Murray was considered for the role of Pat Healy, the movie was filmed in Miami, Florida. The makeup effects and animatronic effects were the handiwork of Makeup Effects Designer Tony Gardner and Alterian. This sleeper hit was the comedy of 1998 in North America as well as the fourth-highest-grossing film of the year. It also catapulted Diaz and Stiller into the limelight, the film made $369 million worldwide, including $176 million in the U. S. alone. The film was critically acclaimed
39.
Bobby Farrelly
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Robert Bobby Farrelly is an American film director, screenwriter and producer. He is one of the Farrelly brothers, Farrelly was raised in Cumberland, Rhode Island, the son of Mariann, a nurse practitioner, and Dr. Robert Leo Farrelly. He is a graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where he entered the school on a hockey scholarship, Bobby and his brother Peter Farrelly are known as The Farrelly brothers. They also conceived the Seinfeld episode The Virgin In 2014, Bobby & his brother, Peter, directed Dumb and Dumber To, in 2016, Bobby directed two episodes of Season 10 of the Canadian cult mockumentary TV series Trailer Park Boys. Farrelly has been married to his wife, Nancy, since 1990, Farrelly told the BBC that he professes a belief in God. Bobby Farrelly at the Internet Movie Database Bobby Farrellys career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
40.
Peter Farrelly
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Peter John Farrelly is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and novelist. In addition to his film career, Peter is also an acting board member of the online media company DeskSite. Farrelly was born in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, the son of Mariann, a practitioner, and Robert Leo Farrelly. He was raised in Cumberland, Rhode Island and graduated from Providence College, Farrelly decided to pursue writing full-time, which prompted him to quit his job and head to Cape Cod, Massachusetts where he got a job as a waiter. On one of the tables he was waiting, Farrelly struck up a conversation with a professor from UMass Amherst. Farrelly said he did not think his chances were good, considering he did poorly in college, with what would later be Outside Providence, Farrelly submitted the work and was pleasantly surprised that he was accepted. He later became interested in screenwriting, which led him to directing and he made this career decision after many of his works sold, but were not produced. They also conceived the Seinfeld episode The Virgin, Peter did its first project away from Bobby in Movie 43, released in 2013 and produced by the siblings long-time producer Charles B. He produced the film and directed two of its segments. In 2012, Peter and his brother announced that the filming of the sequel to Dumb and he is a published novelist, with works including Outside Providence and The Comedy Writer. Farrelly is a member of DeskSite. He lives in Los Angeles, while Bobby remains in Massachusetts, Peter Farrelly at the Internet Movie Database
41.
Summary judgment
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In law, a summary judgment is a judgment entered by a court for one party and against another party summarily, i. e. without a full trial. Such a judgment may be issued on the merits of an entire case, a factfinder has to decide what the facts are and apply the law. In traditional common law the factfinder was a jury, but in many jurisdictions the judge now acts as the factfinder as well. It is the factfinder who decides what happened, and it is the judge who applies the law to the facts as determined by the factfinder, whether directly or by giving instructions to the jury. The necessary steps before a case can get to trial include disclosing documents to the opponent by discovery, showing the other side the evidence and this process is lengthy, and can be difficult and costly. A party moving for summary judgment is attempting to avoid the time and expense of a trial when, in the partys view. Typically this is stated as, when all the likely to be put forward is such that no reasonable factfinder could disagree with the moving party. If there is nothing for the factfinder to decide, then the party asks rhetorically. The moving party will also attempt to persuade the court that the material facts require judgment to be entered in its favor. See Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 56, Celotex Corp. v. Catrett,477 U. S.317, 322–27, Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.477 U. S.242,257, Matsushita Elec. Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp.475 U. S.574, in American legal practice, summary judgment can be awarded by the court before trial, effectively holding that no trial will be necessary. At the federal level, a summary-judgment motion in United States District Court is governed by Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a party seeking summary judgment is called the movant, the opposing party is the nonmovant. An issue of fact is an event that the factfinder at trial is charged to credit. A genuine issue/fact is one that can be resolved in favor of either party, a material issue/fact is one which could affect the outcome of the case. Summary judgment in the United States applies only in civil cases and it does not apply to criminal cases to obtain a pretrial judgment of conviction or acquittal, in part because a criminal defendant has a constitutional right to a jury trial. Some federal and state-court judges publish general guidelines and sample summary-judgment forms, according to Federal Judicial Center research, summary-judgment motions are filed in 17% of federal cases. Since almost two-thirds of federal civil cases are dismissed or settled, 71% of summary-judgment motions were filed by defendants, 26% by plaintiffs. Out of these, 36% of the motions were denied, from a tactical perspective, there are two basic types of summary-judgment motions
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Anna Nicole Smith
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Anna Nicole Smith was an American model, actress, and television personality. Smith first gained popularity in Playboy, winning the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year and she modeled for fashion companies including Guess, H&M, Heatherette, and Lane Bryant. Smith dropped out of school and was married three years later in 1985. Her highly publicized marriage to J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she married the octogenarian mainly for his money. Following Marshalls death, Smith began a legal battle over a share of his estate. Her case, Marshall v. Marshall, reached the U. S. Supreme Court on a question of federal jurisdiction, Smith died on February 8,2007, in a Hollywood, Florida, hotel room as a result of an overdose of prescription drugs. Born Vickie Lynn Hogan in Houston, Texas, and raised in Mexia, Smith was the daughter of Donald Eugene Hogan and Virgie Mae Arthur and she had five half siblings, Donna Hogan, David Tacker Jr. Donnie Hogan, Amy Hogan, and Donald Hart. Smith was raised by her mother and aunt, Virgie subsequently married Donald R. Hart in 1971. After Virgie married Donald, Smith changed her name from Vickie Hogan to Nikki Hart, Smith attended Durkee Elementary School and Aldine Senior High School in Houston. When she was in the grade, she was sent to live with her mothers younger sister, Kay Beall, in Mexia. At Mexia High School, Smith failed her freshman year and dropped out of school during her sophomore year. While working at Jims Krispy Fried Chicken in Mexia, Smith met Billy Wayne Smith, who was a cook at the restaurant, in 1992, Smith appeared on the March cover of Playboy magazine, with her name given as Vickie Smith. She later appeared as the Playmate of the Month for the May 1992 issue, Smith next secured a contract to replace supermodel Claudia Schiffer in a Guess jeans ad campaign featuring a series of sultry black-and-white photographs. During the Guess campaign Smith changed her name to Anna Nicole Smith, Guess photographers noticed Smith bore a striking resemblance to bombshell Jayne Mansfield and showcased her in several Mansfield-inspired photo sessions. In 1993 before Christmas, she modeled for the Swedish clothing company H&M and this led to her being pictured on large billboards in Sweden and Norway. A photograph of Smith was used by New York magazine on the cover of its August 22,1994, in the photo she appears squatting in a short skirt with cowboy boots as she eats chips. In October 1994, her lawyer T. Patrick Freydl initiated a $5 million lawsuit against the magazine claiming unauthorized use of her photo, and that the article damaged her reputation. Her lawyer stated Smith was under the impression that she was being photographed to embody the all-American girl look, and he further stated the photo the magazine used was taken during a break just for fun
