1.
Ogdensburg, New York
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Ogdensburg is a city in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 11,128 at the 2010 census, in the late 18th century, European-American settlers named the community after American land owner and developer Samuel Ogden. The City of Ogdensburg is at the border of New York at the mouth of the Oswegatchie River on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River. The only formally designated city in Saint Lawrence County, it is located between Massena, New York to the east and Brockville, Ontario to the west, the Port of Ogdensburg is the only U. S. port on the St. Lawrence Seaway. Ogdensburg International Airport is located south of the city, the Ogdensburg–Prescott International Bridge, northeast of the city, links the United States and Canada, with a direct highway from Prescott to Ottawa, the capital of Canada. This was ancient territory for thousands of years of indigenous peoples of varying cultures, by 1000 CE, Iroquoian-speaking people were settling along the St. Lawrence River and practicing agriculture, as well as hunting and fishing. The earliest French explorers recorded Stadacona and Hochelaga as villages of people in the early 16th century. By the end of the century, later found the villages utterly abandoned with no signs of life. By the late 16th century, the St. Lawrence Iroquoians had disappeared from the St. Lawrence Valley, Onondaga settlements extended up along the south shore of Lake Ontario. Both the Huron and Mohawk used the St. Lawrence Valley for hunting grounds, the earliest European settlement in the area was a French mission, built by Abbé Picquet in 1749 as part of the colony of New France in North America. Located near the mouth of the Fleuve Oswegache, he named it Fort de La Présentation, the mission attracted Native Americans for the fur trade, many of whom settled in the village and converted to Catholicism. Mostly Onondaga, the converted Iroquois at the mission became known to the French as Oswegatchie after their name for the river. By 1755, there were 3,000 Iroquois living at the mission settlement, by comparison, Montreal had only 4,000 residents at the time. It was bordered by a village, Kahnewake, located on the south side of the St. Lawrence River. The Oswegatchie became known as one of the Seven Nations of Canada, the residents were hostile to the encroachments of British colonists on their territory. During the 1750s and the Seven Years War, warriors from this fort allied with French officers in attacking British colonists in the Champlain, Mohawk and Ohio valleys. The city is near the site of the 1760 Battle of the Thousand Islands between British and French forces during the Seven Years War Both sides made use of Indian allies. After the British victory in the war, France ceded its land in Canada, the English renamed this installation as Fort Oswegatchie, after the native name for the river
2.
Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
3.
Frequency
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as vibrations, audio signals, radio waves. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, in physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics, acoustics, and radio, frequency is usually denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν. For a simple motion, the relation between the frequency and the period T is given by f =1 T. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, a previous name for this unit was cycles per second. The SI unit for period is the second, a traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. Y = sin = sin d θ d x = k Wavenumber, in the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has a relationship to the wavelength. Even in dispersive media, the frequency f of a wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and this expression becomes, f = c λ. When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their remains the same—only their wavelength. For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is, the latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count. This is called gating error and causes an error in the calculated frequency of Δf = 1/, or a fractional error of Δf / f = 1/ where Tm is the timing interval. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem at low frequencies where the number of counts N is small, an older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope
4.
Hertz
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The hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units and is defined as one cycle per second. It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in SI multiples kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, kilo means thousand, mega meaning million, giga meaning billion and tera for trillion. Some of the units most common uses are in the description of waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio-. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers, the hertz is equivalent to cycles per second, i. e. 1/second or s −1. In English, hertz is also used as the plural form, as an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed, commonly used multiples are kHz, MHz, GHz and THz. One hertz simply means one cycle per second,100 Hz means one hundred cycles per second, and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, the rate of aperiodic or stochastic events occur is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second in general or, the specific case of radioactive decay, becquerels. Whereas 1 Hz is 1 cycle per second,1 Bq is 1 aperiodic radionuclide event per second, the conversion between a frequency f measured in hertz and an angular velocity ω measured in radians per second is ω =2 π f and f = ω2 π. This SI unit is named after Heinrich Hertz, as with every International System of Units unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case. Note that degree Celsius conforms to this rule because the d is lowercase. — Based on The International System of Units, the hertz is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, who made important scientific contributions to the study of electromagnetism. The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission in 1930, the term cycles per second was largely replaced by hertz by the 1970s. One hobby magazine, Electronics Illustrated, declared their intention to stick with the traditional kc. Mc. etc. units, sound is a traveling longitudinal wave which is an oscillation of pressure. Humans perceive frequency of waves as pitch. Each musical note corresponds to a frequency which can be measured in hertz. An infants ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, the range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtoHz into the terahertz range and beyond. Electromagnetic radiation is described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation is measured in kilohertz, megahertz, or gigahertz
5.
Effective radiated power
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Effective radiated power, synonymous with equivalent radiated power, is an IEEE standardized definition of directional radio frequency power transmitted from a theoretical half-wave dipole antenna. It is differentiated from effective isotropic radiated power mainly by use of antenna gain instead of absolute gain in the calculation. The term antenna gain is assumed to be absolute unless specifically stated to be relative, the gain is then multiplied by the power actually accepted by the antenna to result in the actual ERP value. Power losses which occur prior to the antenna, e. g. in the line or from inefficiency in the generator itself are therefore not included in the calculation of ERP or EIRP. Antenna gain is closely related to directivity and often used interchangeably. However, gain is less than directivity by a factor called radiation efficiency. Whereas directivity is entirely a function of wavelength and the geometry and type of antenna, specifically, accelerating charge causes electromagnetic radiation per Maxwells equations. Therefore, antennas use a current distribution on radiating elements to generate electromagnetic energy that propagates away from the antenna and this coupling is never 100% efficient, and therefore antenna gain will always be less than directivity by this efficiency factor. The receiver would not be able to determine a difference, maximum directivity of an ideal half-wave dipole is a constant, i. e.0 dBd =2.15 dBi. Therefore, ERP is always 2.15 dB less than EIRP, the ideal dipole antenna could be further replaced by an isotropic radiator, and the receiver cannot know the difference so long as the input power is increased by 2.15 dB. Unfortunately, the distinction between dBd and dBi is often left unstated and the reader is forced to infer which was used. For example, a Yagi-Uda antenna is constructed from several dipoles arranged at intervals to create better energy focusing than a simple dipole. Since it is constructed from dipoles, often its antenna gain is expressed in dBd, obviously this ambiguity is undesirable with respect to engineering specifications. A Yagi-Uda antennas maximum directivity is 8.77 dBd =10.92 dBi and its gain necessarily must be less than this by the factor η, which must be negative in units of dB. Neither ERP nor EIRP can be calculated without knowledge of the power accepted by the antenna, let us assume a 100 Watt transmitter with losses of 6 dB prior to the antenna. ERP <22. 77dBW and EIRP <24. 92dBW, polarization has not been taken into account so far, but properly it must be. When considering the dipole radiator previously we assumed that it was aligned with the receiver. Now assume, however, that the antenna is circularly polarized
6.
Height above average terrain
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Height above average terrain is a measure of how high an antenna site is above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television, as it is more important than effective radiated power in determining the range of broadcasts. Stations that want to increase above a certain HAAT must reduce their power accordingly, the entire radial graph could be rotated to achieve the best effect for the station. The altitude of the site, minus the average altitude of all the specified points, was the HAAT. This can create some unusual cases, particularly in mountainous regions—it is possible to have a number for HAAT. The FCC has divided the Contiguous United States into three zones for the determination of spacing between FM and TV stations using the same frequencies, FM and TV stations are assigned maximum ERP and HAAT values, depending on their assigned zones, to prevent co-channel interference. The FCC regulations for ERP and HAAT are listed under Title 47, Maximum HAAT,150 meters Maximum ERP,50 kW Minimum co-channel separation,241 km Maximum HAAT,600 meters Maximum ERP,100 kW Minimum co-channel separation,290 km. In addition, Zone I-A consists of all of California south of 40° north latitude, Puerto Rico, zones I and I-A have the most grandfathered overpowered stations, which are allowed the same extended coverage areas that they had before the zones were established. One of the most powerful of these stations is WBCT in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zone III consists of all of Florida and the areas of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas within approximately 241.4 kilometers of the Gulf of Mexico. Zone II is all the rest of the Continental United States, Alaska and Hawaii
7.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
8.
WNCQ-FM
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WNCQ-FM is a radio station licensed to Canton, New York, USA. It airs a music format. The station is owned by the Stephens Media Group, the station had been owned by Martz Communications Group, and was acquired by Stephens on February 1,2008. Q Country 102.9 Website Query the FCCs FM station database for WNCQ-FM Radio-Locator information on WNCQ-FM Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WNCQ-FM
9.
WYSX
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WYSX is a radio station broadcasting a contemporary hit radio format. Licensed to Morristown, New York, USA, the station is owned by the Stephens Media Group. WYSXs studios are located in Ogdensburg, New York, the station went on the air as WXED on 1992-02-14. On 1992-05-18, the changed its call sign to WNYP-FM, on 1993-03-15 to WNCQ-FM, on 2004-06-23 to WPAC. The station was owned by Martz Communications Group, and was acquired by Stephens as of February 1,2008. Query the FCCs FM station database for WYSX Radio-Locator information on WYSX Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WYSX
10.
Webcast
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A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand, essentially, webcasting is broadcasting over the Internet. The largest webcasters include existing radio and TV stations, who simulcast their output through online TV or online radio streaming, Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific webcasting licenses to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material, Webcasting is used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations presentations, in e-learning, and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does not bear much, if any, relationship to web conferencing, the ability to webcast using cheap/accessible technology has allowed independent media to flourish. There are many notable independent shows that broadcast regularly online, often produced by average citizens in their homes they cover many interests and topics. Webcasts relating to computers, technology, and news are particularly popular, Webcasting differs from podcasting in that webcasting refers to live streaming while podcasting simply refers to media files placed on the Internet. Webcasting is the distribution of media files through the internet, pakman from Apple, they launched the Macintosh New York Music Festival from July 17–22,1995. This event audio webcast concerts from more than 15 clubs in New York City, Apple later webcast a concert by Metallica on June 10,1996 live from Slims in San Francisco. In 1995, Benford E. Standley produced one of the first audio/video webcasts in history, on August 13,1998, it is generally believed the first webcast wedding took place, between Alan Knecht and Carrie Silverman in Toronto Canada. The live signal was broadcast via satellite to PA, then encoded and streamed via the BGEA website, the first teleconferenced/webcast wedding to date is believed to have occurred on December 31,1998. Dale Ficken and Lorrie Scarangella wed on this date as they stood in a church in Pennsylvania, on November 4,1994, Stef van der Ziel distributed the first live video images over the web from the Simplon venue in Groningen. On November 7,1994, WXYC, the radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill became the first radio station in the world to broadcast its signal over the internet. Translated versions including Subtitling are now possible using SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, a wedcast is a webcast of a wedding. It allows family and friends of the couple to watch the wedding in time on the Internet. Webcasting a funeral is also a service provided by funeral homes. Although it has been around for a decade, cheaper broadband, the strain of travel. International Webcasting Association Media clip Podcast Streaming media Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language Video blog Web radio Webisode Webinar PR Newswire
11.
FM broadcasting
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FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation technology. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, it is used worldwide to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio, FM broadcasting is capable of better sound quality than AM broadcasting, the chief competing radio broadcasting technology, so it is used for most music broadcasts. FM radio stations use the VHF frequencies, the term FM band describes the frequency band in a given country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting. Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion thereof, with few exceptions, In the former Soviet republics, and some former Eastern Bloc countries, assigned frequencies are at intervals of 30 kHz. This band, sometimes referred to as the OIRT band, is slowly being phased out in many countries, in those countries the 87. 5–108.0 MHz band is referred to as the CCIR band. In Japan, the band 76–95 MHz is used, the frequency of an FM broadcast station is usually an exact multiple of 100 kHz. In most of South Korea, the Americas, the Philippines, in some parts of Europe, Greenland and Africa, only even multiples are used. In the UK odd or even are used, in Italy, multiples of 50 kHz are used. There are other unusual and obsolete FM broadcasting standards in countries, including 1,10,30,74,500. Random noise has a triangular spectral distribution in an FM system and this can be offset, to a limited extent, by boosting the high frequencies before transmission and reducing them by a corresponding amount in the receiver. Reducing the high frequencies in the receiver also reduces the high-frequency noise. These processes of boosting and then reducing certain frequencies are known as pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, the amount of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis used is defined by the time constant of a simple RC filter circuit. In most of the world a 50 µs time constant is used, in the Americas and South Korea,75 µs is used. This applies to both mono and stereo transmissions, for stereo, pre-emphasis is applied to the left and right channels before multiplexing. They cannot be pre-emphasized as much because it would cause excessive deviation of the FM carrier, systems more modern than FM broadcasting tend to use either programme-dependent variable pre-emphasis, e. g. dbx in the BTSC TV sound system, or none at all. Long before FM stereo transmission was considered, FM multiplexing of other types of audio level information was experimented with. Edwin Armstrong who invented FM was the first to experiment with multiplexing and these original FM multiplex subcarriers were amplitude modulated
12.
AM broadcasting
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AM broadcasting is the process of radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation. AM was the first method of impressing sound on a signal and is still widely used today. Commercial and public AM broadcasting is authorized in the wave band worldwide. Commercial AM broadcasting developed from amateur broadcasts around 1920, and was the commercially important form of radio broadcasting until FM broadcasting began after World War II. This period is known as the Golden Age of Radio, today, AM competes with FM, as well as with various digital radio broadcasting services distributed from terrestrial and satellite transmitters. AM broadcasting was the first broadcasting technology invented, the technology of amplitude modulation radio transmission was developed between 1900 and 1920. This was used for private communication and message traffic, such as telegrams. The entrepreneurs who developed AM radiotelephone transmission did not anticipate broadcasting voice, the term broadcasting, borrowed from agriculture, was applied to this new activity around 1920. Prior to 1920 there was no concept of broadcasting, or that radio listeners could be a market for entertainment. Although there were a number of broadcasts during this period. True radio broadcasting didnt begin until around 1920, when it sprang up spontaneously among amateur stations, AM remained the dominant method of broadcasting for the next 30 years, a period called the Golden Age of Radio, until FM broadcasting started to become widespread in the 1950s. AM remains a popular, profitable entertainment medium today and the dominant form of broadcasting in some such as Australia. The first AM voice transmission was made by Canadian researcher Reginald Fessenden on 23 December 1900, Fessenden is a significant figure in the development of AM radio. He helped develop one of the first – the Alexanderson alternator, the first practical continuous wave AM transmitters were based on versions of the Poulsen arc transmitter invented in 1903, and the huge, expensive Alexanderson alternator, developed 1906–1910. The modifications necessary to transmit AM were clumsy and resulted in low audio quality. Modulation was usually accomplished by a carbon microphone inserted directly in the antenna wire, the limited power handling ability of the microphone severely limited the power of the first radiotelephones, in powerful transmitters water-cooled microphones had to be used. At the receiving end, the crystal radio receivers then in use could not drive loudspeakers, only earphones. The discovery in 1912 of the ability of the Audion vacuum tube, invented in 1906 by Lee De Forest
13.
WVSL (AM)
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WVSL was a sports talk formatted radio station licensed to serve Riverside, Pennsylvania. The station was owned by Max Media and was operated out of the Max Media of Pennsylvania studios in Selinsgrove, the station operated in simulcast with sister station WVSL-FM. Established in 1967, WVSL surrendered its license to the Federal Communications Commission on February 1,2013, wVSLs main studio is located at 450 Route 204 Highway in Selinsgrove. WVSL, along with its stations, operates a public studio located inside the Susquehanna Valley Mall located in Hummels Wharf. Notable weekday programming included SportsCenter All Night, Mike and Mike in the Morning, The Herd with Collin Cowherd, The Scott Van Pelt Show, The Doug Gottleib Show, WVSL broadcast PHAC events throughout the year. These broadcasts may air in place of regularly scheduled programming
14.
WMSA
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WMSA is a radio station broadcasting Local and National News, Community Information and Oldies format. Licensed to Massena, New York, USA, the station is owned by the Stephens Media Group. The station was owned by Martz Communications Group, and was acquired by Stephens as of February 1,2008. As of 2015, WMSA has been serving Massena and surrounding community for 70 years, WMSA went on the air at 2pm on October 12,1945. Www. 1340wmsa. com Query the FCCs AM station database for WMSA Radio-Locator Information on WMSA Query Nielsen Audios AM station database for WMSA
15.
WSLB
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WSLB is an all-sports radio station, operating from Ogdensburg, New York, United States. Prior to switching to a format, WSLB was an oldies radio station. WSLB is the affiliate of ESPN Radio for the St. Lawrence County area, WSLB began broadcasting in 1940 as the Mutual Broadcasting System affiliate in Ogdensburg. The station switched to NBC in the early 1990s when it entered into a three-way simulcast with sister stations WIGS and WGIX in Gouverneur, NY with an oldies format as FSR -- Full-Service Radio. WIGS went off the air permanently in the mid-1990s and the two remaining stations simulcasted until WSLB took a conservative talk-radio format as Talk 1400 a few years ago. In 2006, the picked up the ESPN Radio affiliation on weekends before going full-time beginning Saturday. On December 3,2007, WQTK began running a similar format to the one that had once aired on WSLB. WSLB official website Query the FCCs AM station database for WSLB Radio-Locator Information on WSLB Query Nielsen Audios AM station database for WSLB
16.
WICY
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WICY is an American radio station broadcasting an oldies format. Licensed to Malone, New York, USA, the station is owned by the Martz Communications Group, WICY is known on-air as 102.7 WICY. Unlike Martz FM sister stations WYUL and WVNV, WICY exclusively operates as a station for Malone. The station does well in Canadian border communities as well including Huntingdon, Trout River, in addition to the main station, WICY is relayed by an FM translator
17.
WAIH
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WAIH is a student-run non-commercial radio station located in Potsdam, New York. Its 100-watt broadcast signal originates from the campus of the university on the frequency of 90.3 FM MHz. The station began broadcasts on September 24,1994, replacing an on-campus cable FM station. The format of the station is mixed music, leaning towards alternative or less pop-oriented acts, WAIH has also had a tradition of hosting many talk shows centered on subjects like sexuality, politics, and the general mix of talk and music. For many years, the station was referred to locally as The Way, on March 1,2007, WAIH began simulcasting its radio signal over the Internet on its website. Source,90.3 FM WAIH Show Schedule Source,90.3 FM WAIH Show Schedule 90. 662°N74. 974°W /44.662, -74.974
18.
WTSC-FM
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WTSC-FM is a non-commercial campus radio station licensed to serve the greater Potsdam, New York area. The station is owned by Clarkson University and licensed to Knight & Day Inc, the WTSC organization is affiliated with the Clarkson University Student Association, from whom it receives the majority of its funding. WTSC is one of the few CUSA affiliated organizations which does not charge a membership fee, WTSC has been on the air since November 1963, at which point it broke away from two other local college stations. WTSC provided alternative programming such as live college division I hockey broadcasts, the great student following led to the station out-living both other stations and its existence today. It airs a college radio format. In January 1992, Clarkson University reached an agreement to transfer the license for this station to Knight & Day Incorporated, the transfer was approved by the FCC on April 27,1992, and the transaction was consummated on the same day. In the fall of 2010, WTSC moved from the basement of The Pit to the Student Center, WTSC is located at the bottom of the forum and shares a lobby with WCKN. Query the FCCs FM station database for WTSC Radio-Locator information on WTSC Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WTSC
19.
WQTK
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WQTK is a 3,000 watt radio station licensed to Ogdensburg, New York. Owned and operated by Community Broadcasters, LLC, it broadcasts a news, referred to as The North Countrys News And Talk Authority, it carries a national news feed from CBS Radio News at the top of each hour. WQTK signed on in June 1981 as Top-40 station WPAC, in 2001, the station changed formats to classic rock, now calling itself Adult Rock PAC93. It was owned by The Wireless Works from the time of its 1981 launch until earlier this decade when it was sold to Clancy-Mance Broadcasting of Watertown, Clancy-Mance changed formats to a CHR simulcast of sister station WBDI, as The Border, with the WBDB calls to match. This changed at 6 a. m. on Monday, December 3,2007, the WQTK call letters previously belonged to AM1580 and FM92.1 in Saint Johns, Michigan from 1981 to 1983. Charles McLravy purchased the stations, then WRBJ AM and FM, in August 1981, wQTK-FM split off from the simulcast in November 1981, programming a Beautiful Music format. The MOR format on WKZY-AM was short-lived, and the station switched back to Country in May 1983. AM-1580 picked up Al Hams Music of Your Life format in November 1983, the WQTK call letters never again surfaced in Mid-Michigan. WQTK is primarily affiliated with Premiere Networks
20.
WYUL
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WYUL is a rhythmic-leaning top 40 formatted radio station licensed in Chateaugay, New York. Though the station serves communities in the North Country, it primarily targets the larger market of Montreal. Its city-grade signal reaches the southwestern portion of Greater Montreal, while its C2 class signal covers most of Montreal proper, to that end, WYULs current slogan is Montreals Hottest Music. It also targets Cornwall and Hawkesbury, Ontario and its competitors are CKBE, CJFM-FM, CKMF-FM and CKOI-FM, all of which are Montreal stations. WYULs signal in Montreal is more difficult to tune than most of its competitors, the station was originally a rebroadcast station on top 40 WYSX Ogdensburg, New York until 2002, when the station segued to its own branding and format. WYULs sister stations are WVNV96.5 and WICY, both licensed in Malone, in addition, WYUL increased its effective radiated power to 50,000 watts. WYUL became Montreals first English-language contemporary hit radio station since 1991, though it primarily broadcasts in English, this allows the station to accept French-language advertising, which is not permitted on Canadian-licensed English-language stations. A side effect of this status is that BBM Canada does not measure WYULs audience, Query the FCCs FM station database for WYUL Radio-Locator information on WYUL Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WYUL
21.
WVLF
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WVLF is a radio station broadcasting a mix of adult contemporary and Hot Adult Contemporary format. Licensed to Norwood, New York, USA, the station is owned by Stephens Media Group. The station was owned by Martz Communications Group, and was acquired by Stephens as of February 1,2008. Following a weekend of a loop of announcements airing the weekend of July 6,2008, WVLF became The Valleys New Mix 96.1, beginning at 6AM on Monday. The station now airs a Bright Adult Contemporary format covering St. Lawrence county, www. mymix961. com Query the FCCs FM station database for WVLF Radio-Locator information on WVLF Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WVLF
22.
CKON-FM
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CKON-FM is a private radio station located in Akwesasne, a Mohawk nation territory that straddles the Canada–United States border. Its licence was issued by the Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs, the station broadcasts on 97.3 MHz and is owned and operated by the Akwesasne Communication Society, a community-based non-profit group. It has a music format, but also has adult contemporary music during evenings. CKON-FM also strives to play local and nationwide Native artists, cKON-FM broadcasts in English and Kanienkeha, the language of the Mohawks. The call sign CKON is a reference to the Mohawk word sekon, the building CKON is housed in is located on the Canada-United States border. CKONs tower is located on the US portion of the reserve, the station is licensed by a proclamation from the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation given via the Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs. It is the radio station in North America operating under the exclusive jurisdiction of an aboriginal government. Its founding board consisted of the members, Frank David, Brian Cole, Salli Benedict, Lloyd Benedict, Diane Lazore, Doug George-Kanentiio. CKON-FM went on the air on October 1,1984, in addition to music and discussion programming, CKON is also the official broadcaster of Cornwall Colts Junior-league ice hockey. It also airs weather updates provided by Plattsburgh, New York NBC affiliate, the Akwesasne Communications Society was formed in May,1982. The founding members of the ACS were, Diane Lazore, Francis Boots, Salli Benedict, Lloyd Benedict, Doug George-Kanentiio, after two years of development Radio CKON went on the air on October 1,1984 from its temporary facility on Cornwall Island-Kawehnoke. A permanent facility was built in St. Regis-Kanatakon in 1988 with part of the broadcasting studios south of the 45th parallel of latitude, the ACS building was deliberately constructed as a symbol of Mohawk defiance and communal unity. CKON is the only radio station exclusively licensed by a Nation nation. 97.3 CKON FM CKON history - Canadian Communications Foundation
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WSNN
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This article is for the radio station in Potsdam, New York. For the television station in Sarasota, Florida, see WSNN-LD, WSNN is a radio station broadcasting an 80s hits format. It is licensed to Potsdam, New York, USA, the station is currently owned by Martz Communications Group, through licensee Waters Communications Inc. The station originally signed on in 1968 with a format and has gone through a number of ownerships. Until 2013, the station was previously 99 Hits under the previous owner St. Lawrence Radio Inc, WSNN official Facebook page Query the FCCs FM station database for WSNN Radio-Locator information on WSNN Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WSNN
24.
WRCD
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WRCD is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Canton, New York, USA, the station is owned by Stephens Media Group. The station was owned by Martz Communications Group, and was acquired by Stephens as of February 1,2008. WRCD airs the Nationally Syndicated Bob and Tom Show Monday-Friday 5am-10am as well as the Best of Bob & Tom on Saturdays and its an affiliate station of the syndicated Pink Floyd show Floydian Slip. WRCD Covers St. Lawrence County, NY, Eastern Ontario, parts of Ottawa, Cornwall, WRCD website Query the FCCs FM station database for WRCD Radio-Locator information on WRCD Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WRCD
25.
WBDR
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WBDR is a Top 40 music formatted radio station in Watertown, New York. The original on-air date of WBDR and its format is unknown, however, the station also simulcasted 102.7 WBDR as from 1996 until 2004. WBDI then simulcasted their signal on WBDB92.7 FM, known as, now 106.7 is the only frequency broadcasting WBDRs programming. On December 3,2007 WBDB changed their call letters to WQTK and changed their format to talk, on February 26,2008 WBDI changed their call letters to WBDR. Notable on-air personalities include Johnny Spezzano, Billy Ballistic, Blade, official website Query the FCCs FM station database for WBDR Radio-Locator information on WBDR Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WBDR
26.
WYBG
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WYBG was a radio station which broadcast a talk radio format. Licensed to Massena, New York, USA, the station was last owned by Wade Communications, Inc. a company owned by Curran. During nighttime hours, the station reduced its power to 66 watts to protect Torontos CHUM and New Yorks WEPN. The Wades had put WYBG up for sale, the station signed off for good on June 30,2015, after 57 years on the air, the stations license was to be cancelled by the end of July 2015 if no interested party came forward. Wade Communications surrendered WYBGs license to the Federal Communications Commission on August 28,2015, the stations call sign was deleted from the FCCs database on September 2,2015. Query the FCCs AM station database for WYBG Radio-Locator Information on WYBG Query Nielsen Audios AM station database for WYBG
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WROW
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WROW is a commercial AM radio station in Albany, New York. The station is owned by Pamal Broadcasting and airs a radio format with some adult standards included in the playlist. The station serves as the CBS Radio News network affiliate for the Albany/Schenectady/Troy media market, WROWs studios and offices are on Johnson Road in Cohoes, New York. Its transmitter is off Wemple Road in Glenmont, New York, programming is simulcast on FM translator W263CG at 100.5 MHz, with its transmitter off Dennis Terrace in Schenectady. On September 30,1947, WROW first signed on when a startup company, at the outset, the station had an affiliation with the Mutual Radio Network, switching to ABC in 1950. In 1957, Hudson Valley Broadcasting became the Capital Cities Television Corporation, the CBS Radio affiliation has remained on WROW ever since, and was shared for a time with sister station 100.9 WKLI-FM, the original home of the Magic format, beginning in 2001. WROW carried a line up of radio dramas, comedies, game shows, soap operas. But with the age of radio ending in the late 1950s. The Top 40 format was initially a hit, but Capital Citiess success with the beautiful music format in New York City and other markets led WROW to switch to easy listening around 1963. In October of 1966, WROW signed on sister station 95.5 WROW-FM which simulcast the AM station, on January 1,1967, the Federal Communications Commission stopped allowing AM and FM stations in most cities to simulcast, except for 25% of their programming. The combined signals of WROW and WROW-FM were among the most popular, in 1983, Capital Cities sold WROW-AM-FM to Dot Broadcasting, a group of local owners. Soon thereafter, WROW would be once again to another local ownership group. The aging demographics of the easy listening format led to a split in programming for WROW-AM-FM in 1991, in late 1993, the WROW stations were bought by current owner Albany Broadcasting, which soon made changes to both stations. In February 1994, WROW flipped to an all-news format by day with talk programming nights, though a good idea on paper, the news format had low ratings and was a high expense format. In 1996, the station flipped to a talk format. In 2007, WROW began overhauling its programming, Vandenburgh left WROW in October 2007 to become part-owner of 1300 WGDJ, a station on WQBKs former frequency. Leaving along with Vandenburgh to go to WGDJ were the Live from the Capitol report with Fred Dicker, Mike and the Mad Dog, which had aired as WROWs afternoon show as a simulcast with WFAN in New York City, was dropped at this time as well. As a talk station, WROWs local morning show was co-hosted by Steve van Zandt, the audio feed of NBC-TVs Meet The Press also aired one hour after the program was broadcast on Albany NBC-TV affiliate WNYT
28.
WPLB (AM)
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WPLB is a radio station broadcasting an oldies format. Licensed to Plattsburgh, New York, USA, the serves the Burlington-Plattsburgh area. The station is owned by A & J Radio LLC, wPLBs programming is also heard on translator station W279DE in Plattsburgh. The station went on the air on June 15,1968 as WKDR and it became WNWX on June 1,1993. A & J Radio acquired WTWK from Radio Broadcasting Services for $140,000 on October 24,2016, at the time of the sale, the station was running a business news format supplied by Bloomberg Radio. In January 2017, after briefly simulcasting WZXP, the station introduced its present oldies format, official website Query the FCCs AM station database for WPLB Radio-Locator Information on WPLB Query Nielsen Audios AM station database for WPLB
29.
WGNY (AM)
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WGNY is a radio station broadcasting a sports format, with programming from ESPN Radio. Licensed to Newburgh, New York, the serves the Newburgh-Middletown area and is currently owned by Sunrise Broadcasting Corporation. WGNY signed on as the Hudson Valleys first radio station on February 25,1933, Goelet built his estate, Glenmere mansion, in the town of Chester, New York in 1911, in 1932, he decided to create a radio station that would broadcast from its grounds. In 1937, WGNY moved its operations to 161 Broadway in Newburgh, Speidel and the WGNY Broadcasting Company. Originally at 100 watts, WGNY upped its power to 250 watts in 1940, billing itself as The Only Radio Station Between Albany and New York City, WGNY would have Orange County, New York to itself until Middletowns WALL signed on in 1942. In 1952, WGNY switched news affiliations from the United Press to the AP, while Speidel retired and was replaced as president by George W. Bingham. More changes came in 1958, when WGNY Broadcasting sold out to Orange County Broadcasting, Inc. and studios were moved to Little Britain Road in New Windsor, New York, where they remain to this day. In the fall of 1966, FM radio came to Orange County, with WFMN reaching the air on October 29, followed by Middletowns WALL-FM on November 11. WFMN, owned by brothers Wilbur and Donald Nelson, broadcast at 103.1 MHz, WFMN and WGNY remained competitors until 1974, when WGNY bought out Stereo Newburgh, Inc. WFMN changed its calls to WGNY-FM in 1985, then to WJGK in 2010. Starting in February 2011, a new WGNY-FM in Rosendale, New York began duplicating WGNYs AM signal on 98.9 MHz, meanwhile, translator W231BP in Chester began carrying WJGKs programming at 94.1 FM. In 1968, Hudson Horizons acquired WGNY, the following year, in the 1990s, WGNY sought a new transmitter site and a change to 1200 kHz, the FCC turned down the frequency change, and the Town of New Windsor nixed the new site. In recent years, WGNY has switched back and forth between oldies and sports, in March 2005, WGNY-AM and FM began a Local Marketing Agreement with Port Jervis WDLC and WTSX, with the four stations combining air staffs. WGNY-AM began simulcasting a 1955-72 Oldies format with WDLC until January 2007, in February 2009, WDLC returned to the WGNY simulcast. In 2013-14, WGNY saw three format changes in a little over twelve months, first, on April 3,2013, they switched back to ESPN Radio. A dispute with the chain led WGNY to switch back to oldies on March 17,2014, less than a month later, on April 16,2014
30.
WSPQ
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WSPQ, branded as Classic Hits 1330, is a radio station licensed to Springville, New York, and serves the Southtowns region of Western New York. It is privately owned through Biscuit Communications and it carries a full-service classic hits/oldies format with local news and sports. WSPQ was founded in 1986 by G. Robert Weigand as WFWC, WSPQ was forced off the air in November 2015 due to what the station described as an unanticipated, significant transmission failure. WSPQ airs a mix of music from the 1960s-1980s, along with features such as The Country Classics Show, Breakfast with the Beatles. Notable programs include, Fun with Fred Haier Morning Show Tradio Producer Glenn Topolski, early afternoons Jake Earl, Breakfast with the Beatles with Producer Glenn Saturday mornings Sunday Night Sock Hop - 1950s music, including pop music, doo-wop and classic country
31.
WNRS (AM)
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WNRS is a radio station broadcasting an oldies format. Licensed to Herkimer, New York, United States, the serves the Utica area. The station is owned by Arjuna Broadcasting Corp. and features programming from Westwood One. The station also simulcasts on translator station W252DO at 98.3 FM, the station went on the air as WALY in 1956, often programming a full service music format. However on occasion, it would program other formats like top 40, eventually, the station settled for beautiful music programming. On March 2,1987, the changed its call sign to WYUT to match its FM sister WYUT-FM. On July 20,1994, both WYUT and WYUT-FM returned to the air as WNRS and WXUR, respectively. On June 26,2009, Arjuna Broadcasting Corp. moved the Imus in the Morning show to WNRS from WXUR, on March 5,2010, WNRS lost its ESPN Radio affiliation to Galaxy Communications station WTLB. On March 4,2013, WNRS dropped its Premiere and Bloomberg affiliations, Imus in the Morning was once again retained. When the True Oldies Channel ended in June 2014, WNRS retained its oldies format and changed its affiliation to Good Time Oldies, on December 1,2016, WNRS added a FM simulcast at 98.3, to cover areas not served by WNRS nighttime signal
