1.
Georgetown University
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Georgetown University is a private research university in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D. C. the capital of the United States. Georgetowns main campus is located on a hill above the Potomac River, the campus is identifiable by its flagship Healy Hall, which is a National Historic Landmark. Georgetown offers degree programs in disciplines, enrolling an average of 7,500 undergraduate and 10,000 post-graduate students from more than 130 countries. The university is known for preparing leaders for careers in government. As of 2015, Georgetown produced more diplomats for the U. S, Foreign Service than any other school in the country, and has ranked second in the U. S. by the average number of graduates serving in the U. S. Congress. Georgetown is the oldest Catholic and Jesuit-affiliated institution of education in the United States. The Jesuits have participated in the academic life, both as scholars and as administrators, since 1805, however, the university has always been governed independently of the church. At present, the majority of Georgetown students are not Catholic, Georgetown is home to the countrys largest student-run business, as well as the largest student-run financial institution. Jesuit settlers from England founded the Province of Maryland in 1634, during most of the remainder of Marylands colonial period, Jesuits conducted Catholic schools clandestinely. It was not until after the end of the American Revolution that plans to establish a permanent Catholic institution for education in the United States were realized, Carroll began meetings of local clergy in 1783 near Annapolis, Maryland, where they orchestrated the development of a new university. On January 23,1789, Carroll finalized the purchase of the property in Georgetown on which Dahlgren Quadrangle was later built, future Congressman William Gaston was enrolled as the schools first student on November 22,1791, and instruction began on January 2,1792. During its early years, Georgetown College suffered from financial strain. The Maryland Society of Jesus began its restoration in 1805, and Jesuit affiliation, in the form of teachers and administrators, the school relied on private sources of funding and the limited profits from local lands which had been donated to the Jesuits. To raise money for Georgetown and other schools in 1838, Maryland Jesuits conducted a sale of some 272 slaves to two Deep South plantations from their six in Maryland, ending their slaveholding. In 1844, the received a corporate charter, under the name The President and Directors of Georgetown College. In response to the demand for an option for Roman Catholic students. The U. S. Civil War greatly affected Georgetown as 1,141 students and alumni enlisted in one army or the other, by the time of President Abraham Lincolns May 1861 visit to campus,1,400 troops were living in temporary quarters there. Due to the number of lives lost in the war, enrollment levels remained low until well after the war, only seven students graduated in 1869, down from over 300 in the previous decade
Georgetown University
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John Carroll published his proposals for a school at Georgetown in 1787, after the
American Revolution allowed for the free practice of religion.
Georgetown University
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Georgetown University
Seal
Georgetown University
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Union soldiers across the Potomac River from Georgetown University in 1861
Georgetown University
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Patrick Francis Healy helped transform the school into a modern university after the Civil War.
2.
Midnight Madness (basketball)
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The tradition originated from teams holding public practices at midnight on the earliest day that the National Collegiate Athletic Association would allow a practice to be held. In 2013, a new NCAA rule established some flexbility around the opening of a teams practice sessions, as a result, the dates on which teams celebrate Midnight Madness can vary, but most stick with the traditional date of a Friday night closest to 15 October. Prior to the 2013–14 NCAA Division I mens basketball season mens and womens teams were not permitted to practice prior to the Friday closest to 15 October. Maryland Terrapins head coach Lefty Driesell began the Midnight Madness tradition at 12,03 a. m. on 15 October 1971 by inviting the public to a 1.5 mile team run. The early practice session was attended by 3,000 fans at the track surrounding Byrd Stadium on the University of Maryland campus. Driesell continued the annual midnight practice session throughout his tenure at Maryland, in 2008, that school delayed the event until sunrise for the first time since Driesell established the tradition. This event was held in Memorial Coliseum and held 8,500 people in the 12,500 seat gym, Big Blue Madness is now televised and hosts celebrities including Drake, who performed in 2014. Another of the famous events is Late Night in the Phog at Kansas. The event has caught on on most campuses, various programs have given away T-shirts and allowed players do stunt dunks, some schools schedule intrasquad scrimmages, three-point shooting contests and/or slam dunk contests. This change was made to more flexible scheduling that accommodated off days in the preseason practice schedule. However, the womens programs rejected moving the date forward so as not to conflict with recruiting, as a result of practices beginning so early, several teams opted to celebrate midnight madness later in the six week practice window. In the 21st century, most basketball programs from large Division I schools have planned a pep rally with MCs, music, dancing, celebrity guests and alumni participate in entertaining the students. Often, there is significant publicity surrounding the event, which may include televised broadcasts, published press releases, usually a prescribed number of fans receive a gifts such as t-shirts, posters, autographs, road game vacation packages, and other free paraphernalia. At many such events, a student is chosen for a half court shot giveaway, sometimes the events are televised live by sports networks such as the Big Ten Network, and other times highlights are shown on highlight shows such as ESPNs SportsCenter. The events have been reported for years in print media such as newspapers, magazines, as of 2006, the University of Kentucky held the record for attendance at this type of sports rally with an attendance of 23,312 at Rupp Arena. One celebratory function of the evening is often to raise NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship or Final Four banners to the rafters in an official ceremony, the 16 October 2009 celebrations occurred on many campuses and a sampling were aired on the ESPN family of networks. Five Big Ten Conference schools celebrated Midnight Madness, in 2008, some teams attempted to host Midnight Madness in association with special early restricted practices instead of the first day of regular practices. Since the attendance for the game was 62,870
Midnight Madness (basketball)
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Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball fans wait to attend Late Night in the Phog.
Midnight Madness (basketball)
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Maryland coach Lefty Driesell held the first "Midnight Madness" session in 1971.
Midnight Madness (basketball)
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2008
Michigan State Spartans basketball Midnight Madness
Midnight Madness (basketball)
3.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
Washington, D.C.
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Clockwise from top left:
Smithsonian Institution Building,
Rock Creek Park,
National Mall (including the
Lincoln Memorial in the foreground),
Howard Theatre and the
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site
Washington, D.C.
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Map of the District of Columbia in 1835, prior to the
retrocession
Washington, D.C.
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Ford's Theatre in the 19th century, site of the 1865
assassination of
President Lincoln
Washington, D.C.
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Crowds surrounding the
Reflecting Pool during the 1963
March on Washington
4.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
Hip hop music
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1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, a venue used by Kool Herc that is often considered the birthplace of hip hop in 1973
Hip hop music
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DJ Kool Herc, recognized as one of the earliest hip hop artists
Hip hop music
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Grandmaster Flash
Hip hop music
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Afrika Bambaataa (left)
5.
Rapping
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The components of rapping include content, flow, and delivery. Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is performed in time to a beat. Rapping is often associated with and an ingredient of hip-hop music. Rapping is also used in Kwaito music, a genre originated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Another form of rap that predates hip hop was boxer Muhammad Alis rhythmic poetry used to taunt his opponents in the 1960s and 1970s, rapping can be delivered over a beat, typically provided by a DJ, turntablist or Beatboxer, or without accompaniment. Stylistically, rap occupies an area between speech, prose, poetry, and singing. The word, as used to describe quick speech or repartee, the word had been used in British English since the 16th century. It was part of the African American dialect of English in the 1960s meaning to converse, today, the terms rap and rapping are so closely associated with hip-hop music that many writers use the terms interchangeably. The English verb rap has various meanings, such as to strike, especially with a quick, smart, or light blow, as well to utter sharply or vigorously, to rap out a command. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary gives a date of 1541 for the first recorded use of the word with the meaning to utter sharply, vigorously and it is these meanings from which the musical form of rapping derives, and this definition may be from a shortening of repartee. A rapper refers to a performer who raps, by the late 1960s, when Hubert G. Brown changed his name to H. Rap was used to describe talking on records as early as 1971, on Isaac Hayes album Black Moses with track names such as Ikes Rap, Ikes Rap II, Ikes Rap III, Hayes husky-voiced sexy spoken raps became key components in his signature sound. Del the Funky Homosapien similarly states that rap was used to refer to talking in a manner in the early 1970s. Back then what rapping meant, basically, was you trying to convey something—youre trying to convince somebody, thats what rapping is, its in the way you talk. Rapping can be traced back to its African roots, centuries before hip-hop music existed, the griots of West Africa were delivering stories rhythmically, over drums and sparse instrumentation. Such connections have been acknowledged by modern artists, modern day griots, spoken word artists, mainstream news sources. Grammy-winning blues musician/historian Elijah Wald and others have argued that the blues were being rapped as early as the 1920s, Wald went so far as to call hip hop the living blues. A notable recorded example of rapping in blues music was the 1950 song Gotta Let You Go by Joe Hill Louis, not just jazz music and lyrics but also jazz poetry
Rapping
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The
Memphis Jug Band, an early blues group, whose lyrical content and rhythmic singing predated rapping.
6.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
Singing
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American jazz singer and songwriter
Billie Holiday in New York City in 1947
Singing
Singing
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"Vocalist" redirects here. See also:
Lead vocalist and
Backing vocalist.
Singing
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Ercole de' Roberti: Concert, c. 1490
7.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
Songwriter
–
Songwriter and singer
Chris de Burgh.
8.
Maybach Music Group
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Maybach Music Group is a record label imprint founded by American rapper Rick Ross. Maybach Music Group albums are distributed by Atlantic Records, a division of the Atlantic Records Group, Atlantic took over distribution following the expiration of a deal with Island Def Jam. As of December 12,2012 the labels releases are now distributed by Atlantic Records,18 solo and 3 compilation albums have been released by Maybach Music Group, including five certified Gold albums. The label is home to such as Ross himself, Wale, Meek Mill, Omarion and Gunplay and Torch. Maybach Music Group released its first album in the summer of 2009, on October 27,2009, Ross released Triple Cs debut studio album Custom Cars & Cycles through Def Jam. In 2010, MMG issued Teflon Don, with another album titled Color, Cut & Clarity by Triple Cs also scheduled for distribution, also in 2010, Ross made an offer to rapper Wiz Khalifa to sign to Maybach Music Group. Khalifa at the time was signed with Atlantic Records. In 2011, Ross confirmed that he intended to launch Maybach Music Jamaica along with Maybach Music Latino and he also signed Maybach Music Groups first reggae artist, Magazeen. On March 25,2011, it was announced that R&B & Soul singer Teedra Moses had signed to Maybach Music Group via Warner Bros. Records as its first female artist. It was announced that his debut album Excuse My French would be released in Fall 2012 through Interscope Records, on February 4,2012, Rick Ross spoke about the departure of Pill from Maybach Music Group and revealed that Pill was never actually signed to Maybach Music Group. Pill was already signed to Warner Bros. prior to Maybach Music Group and it was Warner executives who proposed the idea of Pill joining. Ross says that they worked out a deal where Pill would be part of the team and after the year was up. On May 2,2012, Rick Ross would go on to sign Omarion to the Maybach Music Group and he also announced that Self Made Vol.2 would be released on June 26,2012 and God Forgives, I Dont would be released on July 31,2012. On June 22,2012, while promoting Self Made Vol.2, Rick Ross said that Gunplay signed a deal with Def Jam. On July 12,2012 after rumors that rapper Rockie Fresh was in talks to joining the label, Rockie Fresh released a mixtape entitled Electric Highway that dropped January 21,2013 as his first project released under the imprint. On December 11,2012, Ross announced that his label, MMG was leaving Warner Bros. Records, Ross is, however, signed as a solo artist to Epic Records. On June 2,2013, Rick Ross revealed a cover and announced that Maybach Music Group will be releasing their third collaboration album. On June 3,2013, three songs, all to appear on the album, Poor Decisions, God Is Great, on June 4,2013, a video for each of the 3 songs were uploaded to the groups official YouTube page
Maybach Music Group
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Maybach Music Group
9.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
Atlantic Records
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"Weird Al" Yankovic edits the Atlantic Records' Wikipedia page to read "YOU SUCK!" in the music video for the song "
White & Nerdy "
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Records logo as of 2015.
10.
Interscope Records
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Interscope Records is an American record company. At the time, it differed from most record companies by giving decision-making authority to its A&R staff and it had its first hit records less than a year after it was founded and achieved profitability in 1993. In 1992, Interscope acquired the rights to market and distribute the hardcore rap label Death Row. Albums by Death Row artists included rappers Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, as a result, Time Warner severed ties with Interscope by selling its 50 percent stake back to Field and Iovine for $115 million in 1995. In 1996, 50% of the label was acquired by the MCA Music Entertainment Group for a reported $200 million, Iovine served as chairman and CEO until May 2014. He was succeeded by John Janick, Interscope is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. The labels best-selling artists include U2, Eminem, Lady Gaga, in 1989, Ted Field began to build Interscope Records as a division of his film company, Interscope Communications. To run it, he hired John McClain, who had played a role in Janet Jacksons success at A&M Records, and Tom Whalley. Separately, Iovine, who had produced records by U2, Bruce Springsteen, I thought, Music is going to change, Iovine said in 1997. Young bands arent going to be asking for me, but I love working with the new thing. I always liked the part of the business thats the first time you hear something, Iovine and Field were introduced by Paul McGuinness, then U2s manager. After a series of negotiations led by David Geffen, they came to an agreement, in a 1997 article in Rolling Stone, David Wild wrote, Interscopes start-up coincided with a period of incredible change in the music world. Nirvana had ushered in the alternative revolution, based in Westwood, California, Interscope was run by music men. It was a departure from the industry practices of the 1970s and 1980s. A founding tenet of the label was that artists would have creative control. Interscopes first release was Rico Suave by Ecuadoran rapper Gerardo in December 1990, Primus Interscope debut was released in May, followed by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunchs Music for the People in July. It included the #1 single Good Vibrations, two days after first hearing his demo, Whalley signed Tupac Shakur, and in November 1991, Interscope released 2pacalypse Now, Shakurs studio debut. Interscope began to develop a significant presence in the genre in 1992
Interscope Records
–
Interscope Records
11.
Warner Bros. Records
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Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
Warner Bros. Records
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The gold, black and red label design used for Warner Bros. stereo albums from 1958 to 1968 and mono albums from 1964 to 1968.
Warner Bros. Records
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The grey, black, white and yellow label design used for Warner Bros. mono albums from 1958 to 1964 when it switched to the same gold label as the stereo version.
Warner Bros. Records
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"Cream Puff War" (1967), the first Warner Bros. single by
The Grateful Dead, showing the orange label with chevron border used on WBR's American 45s for much of the 1960s.
Warner Bros. Records
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Beginning in 1968, Warner LP and single label designs became identical. From 1968 to 1970, the label was called Warner Bros.-Seven Arts Records. The basic design and colour scheme of the W7 label were retained after the company name reverted to Warner Bros. Records and the "WB" shield in 1970 and remained in use until 1973.
12.
Black Cobain
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Marcus Gloster, better known by his stage name Black Cobain is an American rapper signed to The Board Administration. He is most notably recognized for his collaboration on the Wale track 4 AM, Black Cobain was born in Alexandria, Virginia, and fell in love with hip hop at an early age. In 2009, Black signed to The Board Administration as their first official signee, Black Cobain performed the local circuit and various open mics within the DC, Maryland, and Virginia areas to garner attention and heighten awareness of his brand. After a solid run releasing freestyles and frequenting local performance venues, Black Cobain released his debut mixtape, Now or Never focused on his transition into adulthood and the perils of inner city life. A year later, he released a mixtape, Now. Now had features from Wale, Raheem Devaughn, J. Holiday, later the same year, he was featured as the spokesperson for the 2010 Rocksmith Tokyo fall/winter campaign alongside Wale. His 2011 mixtape, Young, Gifted & Black, hosted by Rocksmith Tokyo, possessed features from Wale, Stalley, and featured production from Tone P and 88-Keys. Young, Gifted, & Black is regarded by many as his most solid work to date and shows his emergence from local act to national contender. Black Cobain has the most carbon footprints of any emerging artist by touring 53+ markets worldwide as the opener for Wales Ambition Tour 2011-2012. He was recently placed under consideration by XXL magazine as a 2012 Freshman Class Candidate and he recently completed the 2012 leg of the Ambition Tour with Wale. Black Cobain released his mixtape, Cheers, on April 30,2012. On April 25,2012, Black Cobain cut his hair to signify professional growth and this transition took his fan base by surprise but was welcomed after he explained his reasoning for the departure from his long locks. In August 2012 Black Cobain toured as an opener for the Meek Mill Dreams. He is also featured on Wales track Bag of Money Remix alongside Rick Ross, Lil Wayne, Yo Gotti, T-Pain, French Montana and he is a member of the national African American fraternity, Phi Beta Sigma. He was initiated into the Alpha Alpha Alpha Chapter at Virginia State University and he is being considered for the 2014 XXL magazine freshman class. 2009, Now or Never 2010, Now 2011, Young, Gifted & Black 2012, Cheers 2013, Perfect Contradiction 2015, No Buzz
Black Cobain
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Black Cobain
Black Cobain
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Black Cobain Young Gifted and Black
13.
Chrisette Michele
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Chrisette Michele Payne, known professionally as Chrisette Michele, is an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter. She was signed to the Motown Records but recently left in order to sign herself under her own label Rich Hipster and she won a Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance in 2009 for her song Be OK. Michele was born in Central Islip, New York, and grew up in Patchogue and her father was a sociologist and her mother a psychologist. Michele led gospel choirs in high school and she attended Five Towns College in Dix Hills, New York, and graduated with a vocal performance degree. Michele has been featured on hip hop albums. She is featured on The Games album LAX on Let Us Live and she also appeared on the bonus track Slow Down, from Ghostface Killahs The Big Doe Rehab. Micheles debut album, I Am, was released on June 18,2007, the song Your Joy was released on iTunes as a free single of the week. The album spawned four singles, If I Have My Way, Best of Me, Be OK, the albums lead single If I Have My Way charted at number twenty-four on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Best of Me charted on the US Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks at number twenty-one, in December 2007, Be OK was released as the third single, charting at number sixty-four on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. In 2008, Love Is You was released as the fourth and final single. In 2008, Michele appeared on the track Rising Up from The Roots album Rising Down, Michele guest starred as herself in The CWs Girlfriends, in the episode entitled Whats Black-a-Lackin. Which originally aired on February 11,2008 and she also wrote a song for Tyler Perrys House of Payne entitled Ive Gotta Love Jones. From May to July 2008 Michele embarked on a nationwide co-headlining tour with fellow soul singer Raheem DeVaughn called the Art of Love Tour, in September 2008, Michele performed twice at the Evening of Stars, A Tribute to Patti LaBelle. In mid-2008, Michele began recording for her album, Epiphany. In January 2009, the title track was released as the lead single. It marked as Micheles first solo entry to the Billboard Hot 100, released on May 5,2009, the album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 selling 83,000 copies in its opening week. A week after the release of Epiphany, another single was released, titled Blame It on Me and it didnt repeat the success of Epiphany, however it peaked at number twenty-eight on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It was followed by two more, What You Do in July and Fragile in November, originally, What You Do was planned to be the second single from the album
Chrisette Michele
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Michele performing in
Brooklyn,
New York, August 2007
14.
J. Cole
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Jermaine Lamarr Cole, better known by his stage name J. Cole, is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer. Raised in Fayetteville, North Carolina, Cole initially gained recognition as a following the release of his debut mixtape, The Come Up. Intent on further pursuing a career as a rapper, he went on to release two additional mixtapes after signing to Jay Zs Roc Nation imprint in 2009. Cole released his studio album, Cole World, The Sideline Story. It debuted at one on the U. S. Billboard 200. His next two releases, 2013s Born Sinner and 2014s 2014 Forest Hills Drive, received positive reviews from critics. The latter earned him his first Grammy Award nomination for Best Rap Album, in 2016 Cole released his fourth studio album 4 Your Eyez Only, the album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. He has also developed other ventures, including Dreamville Records, as well as non-profit organization the Dreamville Foundation, Jermaine Lamarr Cole was born on January 28,1985 at a United States Army base in Frankfurt, West Germany. His father is an African-American former soldier for the U. S. Army, Coles father later abandoned the family during his youth, prompting his mother to relocate Cole and his brother, Zach Cole to Fayetteville, North Carolina. But at the end of the day, never felt white, I can identify but never have I felt like Im one of them. I identify more with what I look like, because thats how I got treated not necessarily in a negative way, during his youth, Cole expressed an affinity for basketball and music, and served as a first-chair violinist for the Terry Sanford Orchestra until 2003. Cole began rapping at 12, and saw it as a profession in 2000. During this period, Cole heightened emphasis on improving his production skills, Cole later collaborated with local group Bomm Sheltuh, rapping and producing while a member of the group. Upon graduating high school with a 4.2 GPA, Cole decided that his chances of securing a contract would be better in New York City. He relocated there and accepted a scholarship to St. Johns University, initially majoring in computer science, Cole later switched to communication and business after witnessing the life of a lonely computer science professor. While a student at the college, Cole was the president of Haraya, by 14, Cole had various notebooks filled with song ideas, however, was unable to produce beats further than sampling. Coles mother later purchased him the Roland TR-808 drum machine in order to further Coles understanding of production, over the next three years, he began posting songs on various internet forums under the moniker Blaza, but later switched to the name Therapist. Cole waited for three hours, before being dismissed by Jay Z. Cole later used the CD as the backdrop for his debut mixtape
J. Cole
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J. Cole
J. Cole
15.
Lupe Fiasco
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Wasalu Muhammad Jaco, better known by his stage name Lupe Fiasco, is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur. He rose to fame in 2006 following the success of his debut album and he also performs as the frontman of rock band Japanese Cartoon under his real name. As an entrepreneur, Fiasco is the executive officer of 1st. Raised in Chicago, Jaco developed an interest in hip hop after initially disliking the genre for its use of vulgarity, after adopting the name Lupe Fiasco and recording songs in his fathers basement, 19-year-old Fiasco joined a group called Da Pak. The group disbanded shortly after its inception, and Fiasco soon met rapper Jay-Z who helped him sign a deal with Atlantic Records. In September 2006, Fiasco released his debut album Lupe Fiascos Food & Liquor on the label and he released his second album, Lupe Fiascos The Cool, in December 2007. The lead single Superstar became his first top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, after a two-year delay, Lasers was released in March 2011 to mixed reviews, however, it became his first album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200. His latest album, Tetsuo & Youth, was released in January 2015, in addition to music, Fiasco has pursued other business ventures, including fashion. He runs two clothing lines, Righteous Kung-Fu and Trilly & Truly, he has designed sneakers for Reebok and he has been involved with charitable activities, including the Summit on the Summit expedition, and in 2010 he recorded a benefit single for victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Fiasco is also noted for his anti-establishment views, which he has expressed in interviews and his music. Fiasco was born Wasalu Muhammad Jaco on February 16,1982 in Chicago, Fiasco is of West African descent, one of nine children of Shirley, a gourmet chef, and Gregory, an engineer. His father, a member of the Black Panther Party, was a prolific African drummer, karate teacher, operating plant engineer, Fiasco was raised Muslim on the West Side of Chicago on Madison Terrace housing project. At the age of three, Fiasco began taking martial arts classes and his parents divorced when he was five, and he went on to live with his mother, but his father still remained an important part of his life. In sixth grade, he went to live with his father full-time in Harvey and his father lived next door to a crack house and taught Fiasco to use guns to defend himself from drug dealers. As a teenager, Fiasco participated in Academic Decathlon competitions and his mother described him by saying, He was a great spirited child. Smart, a bit complex, he kind of was a loner, always had a book bag over his shoulder and some type of a writing tablet. Fiasco initially disliked hip hop music for its use of vulgarity and his struggle to learn to play an instrument led him to create poetry instead, which led to his interest in the lyrical aspects of music. He began rapping his poems in the grade, and upon hearing Nas 1996 album, It Was Written
Lupe Fiasco
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Lupe Fiasco in 2012
Lupe Fiasco
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Fiasco performing in
Commerce City, Colorado on July 19, 2008.
16.
Rick Ross
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William Leonard Roberts II, known professionally by his stage name Rick Ross, is an American rapper and entrepreneur. In 2009, Ross founded the record label Maybach Music Group, on which he released his studio albums Deeper Than Rap, Teflon Don, God Forgives, I Dont, Mastermind, Hood Billionaire, Ross was also the first artist signed to Diddys management company Ciroc Entertainment. In early 2012, MTV named Ross as the Hottest MC in the Game, william Leonard Roberts II was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, and raised in Carol City, Florida. After graduating from Miami Carol City Senior High School, he attended the historically black college Albany State University on a football scholarship, Roberts worked as a correctional officer for 18 months from December 1995, until his resignation in June 1997. In his early years at Suave House Records, Roberts initially made his debut under the pseudonym Teflon Da Don and he made his recording debut on the song Aint Shhh to Discuss on Erick Sermons lone album for DreamWorks, Def Squad Presents Erick Onasis. In the mid-2000s, he changed his name to Rick Ross and he derived his stage name from the former drug kingpin Freeway Rick Ross, to whom he has no connection. After being signed to Suave House Records, former label for rap duo 8Ball & MJG, he signed a deal with Slip-n-Slide Records. While signed to Slip-n-Slide, Roberts toured with fellow rapper Trick Daddy and made guest performances on other Slip-n-Slide albums. His debut album Port of Miami was released in August 2006 and debuted at the top spot on the U. S. Billboard 200 album chart, Christian Hoard of Rolling Stone magazine predicted that it would be the summers biggest rap record. The second single was Push It, which samples Scarface, the song from the gangster film Scarface. The music video for Push It was modeled after the film, during that time, Ross made guest performances on two singles from DJ Khaleds debut Listennn. The Album, Born-N-Raised and Holla at Me, Port of Miami received Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America on November 8,2006. In March 2008, his second album Trilla was released and, as its predecessor Port of Miami had, debuted at the top of the Billboard 200. Its lead single Speedin featuring R. Kelly peaked at number 21 on the U. S. Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles, the third single Here I Am featured Nelly and Avery Storm. MTV News ranked Ross on the spot in its 2008 Hottest MCs in the Game list among ten rappers. The fourth single This Is The Life featured Trey Songz and was released in July, I look at all the strategies people use and what made them successful. What made Birdman just as relevant today after selling 50 million records, to see the class of Jay-Z, his accomplishments and see how he sits backs and accurately makes his moves. A track from the album called Valley of Death was what stood out to MTV reporters, in the song, Ross speaks briefly on his controversial stint as a prison guard
Rick Ross
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Rick Ross performing for the Mastermind Tour in Toronto on June 15, 2014.
Rick Ross
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Rick Ross performing in 2011.
17.
Mark Ronson
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Mark Daniel Ronson is an English musician, DJ, singer, songwriter and record producer. Although his debut album Here Comes the Fuzz failed to make an impact on the charts and this earned him a Brit Award for Best British Male Solo Artist in 2008. His third studio album, Record Collection, was released on 27 September 2010, in 2014, Ronson achieved his first UK and US number one single with Uptown Funk, which featured vocals from Bruno Mars. The song earned Ronson the 2015 Brit Award for British Single of the Year, and his fourth studio album, Uptown Special, was released in January 2015, and became his first UK number one album and also peaked at number 5 in the US. Ronson produced Cold Shoulder on Adeles first album,19 and he has won Record of the Year twice, in 2008 as a producer and in 2016 as a performing artist. One of the most successful musicians in contemporary British popular culture, Ronson was born at the Wellington Hospital, St Johns Wood, London, to Jewish parents, Laurence Ronson, a real-estate speculator and music manager, and Ann Dexter. His ancestors immigrated from Austria, Russia, and Lithuania, Ronson was brought up in Masorti Judaism and had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony. The family name was originally Aaronson, and was shortened by Marks grandfather Henry and he is the nephew of businessman Gerald Ronson. Through his mother, he is related to British Conservative politicians Sir Malcolm Rifkind and Leon Lord Brittan. He is not related to the late English guitarist Mick Ronson, after his parents divorced, his mother married Foreigner guitarist Mick Jones, which contributed to a childhood surrounded by music. Ronson has twin sisters who are two younger, Charlotte Ronson, a fashion designer, and Samantha Ronson, a singer. Ronson also has five younger half-siblings, Alexander and Annabelle, from his mothers marriage to Mick Jones, and Henrietta, David, Ronson – along with his mother, step-father and twin sisters – moved to New York City when he was eight years of age. Living on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, he counted Sean Lennon – son of John Lennon, Ronson attended high school at the private Collegiate School in Manhattan before attending Vassar College and then New York University. While attending New York University, Ronson became a regular at downtown hip hop spots and made his name as a DJ on the New York club scene in 1993 and he soon became known for his diverse, genre-spanning selection. Influenced by funk, the hip hop scene of New York and he was soon a popular and sought after DJ in New York City, frequently booked for high-profile events and private parties. In 1999, Ronson was featured in an ad wearing Tommy Hilfiger denim in the studio for an ad campaign for the company. Mark made the leap from DJ to producer after Nikka Costas manager heard one of his sets, Ronson produced Costas song Everybody Got Their Something, and Ronson soon signed a record contract with Elektra Records. He had already produced tracks for Hilfiger ads and, in 2001, Ronsons debut album, Here Comes the Fuzz, was released in 2003
Mark Ronson
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Ronson in 2012
Mark Ronson
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Ronson in 2007
Mark Ronson
18.
Meek Mill
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Robert Rihmeek Williams, better known by his stage name Meek Mill, is an American hip hop recording artist. Raised in Philadelphia, he embarked on his career as a battle rapper. In 2008, Atlanta-based rapper T. I. signed Meek Mill to his first record deal, in February 2011, after leaving Grand Hustle Records, Mill signed with Miami-based rapper Rick Rosss Maybach Music Group. Mills debut album, Dreams and Nightmares, was released in 2012 under MMG, the album, preceded by the single Young & Gettin It, debuted at number two on the U. S. Billboard 200. In October 2012, Mill announced the launch of his own imprint, Dream Chasers Records. Meek Mill was born Robert Rihmeek Williams on May 6,1987 in South Philadelphia and he has an older sister, Nasheema Williams. Kathy grew up in poverty and her mother died when she was young, Meeks father was killed when Meek was five years old, apparently during an attempted robbery. His uncle, Robert, described Meek Mills father as a sheep of the family. After her husbands death, Kathy moved with Meek and his sister to North Philadelphia and their financial condition was poor and she started cutting hair and doing other jobs to support the family. She also sometimes stole products from supermarkets and sold them, at home, Meek Mill was shy and rarely spoke. He was also influenced by the independent hip-hop artists Chic Raw and Vodka, during his early teenage years, Meek Mill often took part in rap battles, under the pseudonym Meek Millz. He’d often stay up well past midnight filling notebooks with phrases and verses that he’d later draw on, later he and three friends formed the rap group, The Bloodhoundz. They bought blank CDs and jewel cases at Kinkos, encouraging friends to them with the groups songs. When he was 18, while walking to a corner store armed, because of the beating, his lips and both eyes became swollen and one of his braids was ripped out. He was charged with assaulting the police after two black cops gave a statement against him in the case, saying he chased them down with a gun and he was then put on probation. The Bloodhoundz lasted long enough to release four mixtapes, in 2008, Mill released his fourth solo mixtape, Flamers 2, Hottest in tha City, which spawned the promotional singles Im So Fly, Prolli, and Hottest in the City. Flamers 2 caught the attention of Charlie Mack, founder and President of 215 Aphillyated Records, Mack was so impressed with Mill that he immediately signed him to his management company. During that same year, Meek Mill also met the founder and owner of Grand Hustle Records, Atlanta-based rapper, T. I. was also impressed by Mill and offered him an opportunity to travel, to meet with him and Warner Bros
Meek Mill
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Dream Chasers Records
19.
Olamide
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Olamide Adedeji, known by his stage name Olamide but popularly called Olamide Baddo, is a Nigerian hip hop recording artist from Bariga, Lagos State. He records mostly in Yoruba, his native tongue, in 2011, he released his debut studio album Rapsodi while signed to Coded Tunes. YBNL, his album, was released under his label imprint YBNL Nation. The album was supported by the singles First of All, Voice of the Street, Stupid Love, on 7 November 2013, he released his third studio album Baddest Guy Ever Liveth. The albums singles include Durosoke and Yemi My Lover, on 17 July 2013, Olamide became the first Nigerian to sign an endorsement deal with Cîroc. Olamide has been nominated and won music awards, including multiple Nigeria Entertainment Awards. Olamide was born in Bariga, Lagos State, in 2000, he decided to pursue a career in music. When asked why music, he said, I found out I was gifted in it so I had to explore it, its my life, my hustle, in 2010, Olamide performed at The Hip Hop World Awards. He studied at Tai Solarin University of Education, in 2011, he released his debut studio album titled Rapsodi. He was signed to ID Cabasas Coded Tunes record label and was managed by Toni Payne, in 2012, he left Coded Tunes and started his own record label YBNL Nation. Olamides debut album, Rapsodi, was released in 2011, the albums lead single Eni Duro charted on several radio stations in Lagos. Olamides debut offering led to collaborations with artists, including Wizkid, ID Cabasa, 9ice, Reminisce. Olamides second studio album, YBNL, was released in November 2012, the albums production was handled by Tyrone, Samklef,2 Kriss, Pheelz and ID Cabasa. It features guest appearances from Davido, Tiwa Savage, Kayswitch, Dammy Krane, Reminisce, Samklef, Buckwylla, Minus 2, the album was supported by the singles Ilefo Illuminati, First of All, Stupid Love and Voice of the Street. In May 2013, it was reported that Olamide signed a deal with DB Records. Olamide took to Twitter to debunk the reports, in an interview with Toolz on NdaniTVs The Juice, he said that it is too late for anyone to sign him. On 17 July 2013, Olamide became the first Nigerian to sign an endorsement deal with Cîroc, on 24 October 2013, he signed a multi-million Naira deal with Guinness. In November 2013, he became an ambassador for Etisalat alongside Ice Prince, studio albums Rapsodi YBNL Baddest Guy Ever Liveth Street OT Eyan Mayweather The Glory Compilation albums 2 Kings List of Nigerian musicians List of Nigerian rappers Olamide on Twitter
Olamide
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Olamide on the set of his "Sitting on The Throne" music video shoot in January 2014
Olamide
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Olamide performing at Olamide Live In Concert (OLIC, 2014)
20.
Yo Gotti
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Mario Mims, better known by his stage name Yo Gotti, is an American rapper. In 1996, Gotti released his debut album Youngstas On a Come Up under the alias Lil Yo. He went to release From Da Dope Game 2 Da Rap Game, Self-Explanatory, Life, Back 2 da Basics, Live from the Kitchen, I Am, Mims grew up in Ridgecrest Apartments of Frayser, Memphis. He began his career around the age of 14, rapping as Lil Yo, affiliated with DJ Sound. Between 2000 and 2006, Yo Gotti released a string of independent albums, from Da Dope Game 2 Da Rap Game, Self-Explanatory, Life and Back 2 da Basics. After several delays Yo Gotti released his label debut studio album Live From The Kitchen on January 10,2012. The albums original first single was titled 5 Star and it was released on May 20,2009, the single peaked at 79 on the Hot 100,19 on U. S R&B and 11 on U. S Rap. Women Lie, Men Lie featuring Lil Wayne the albums single was released on December 11,2009. The song peaked at 81 on 100,22 on the U. S R&B and 12 on the U. S Rap, look In the Mirror was the third single released 7 months after the second single on July 27,2010. The song peaked at 97 on the U. S R&B chart, Live From The Kitchen debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200, with 16,000 copies sold in its first week of sales in the United States. After three weeks on the chart the album has sold 36,000 copies in the United States, in 2012 due to Gottis views of the low sales of his debut album he took his departure from RCA Records & Polo Grounds Music. On October 17,2012, he released the 7th version of his mixtape series Cocaine Muzik entitled Cocaine Muzik 7. In early 2013, Gotti announced that he and his label CMG had been signed to a deal with Epic Records from longtime business partner L. A. Reid. On May 28,2013, Yo Gotti announced that his studio album would be titled I Am. The first single from his studio album I Am is titled Act Right and features Young Jeezy. The song debuted at #5 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart and at #39 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. As of September 21, it has peaked at #100 on the Hot 100, making it Gotti and YGs third Hot 100 entry, #33 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, in July 2013, it was announced that the album would be released on November 19,2013. On September 2,2013, Yo Gotti released the mixtape Nov 19th, on October 7,2013, the albums second official single King Shit featuring T. I. was sent to mainstream urban radio in the United States
Yo Gotti
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Yo Gotti in July 2009.
21.
Wizkid (musician)
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Ayodeji Ibrahim Balogun, better known by his stage name Wizkid, is a Nigerian singer and songwriter. He started recording music at age 11 and managed to release an album with the Glorious Five, a group he. In 2009, he signed a deal with Banky W. s record label Empire Mates Entertainment. He rose to prominence in 2010 with the release of the song Holla at Your Boy from his studio album. Tease Me/Bad Guys, Dont Dull, Love My Baby, Pakurumo and Oluwa Lo Ni were also released as singles from the Superstar album. Wizkids self-titled second studio album, Ayo, was released in September 2014 and was preceded by six singles, Jaiye Jaiye, On Top Your Matter, One Question, Joy, Bombay and Show You the Money. In addition to his work, Wizkid has collaborated with several other artists and was featured on the hits Girl, Fine Lady, Sexy Mama, Slow Down, The Matter, Pull Over. Following the release of his studio album and expiration of his 5-year recording contract. On 1 March 2017, Billboard magazine reported that Wizkid signed a deal with RCA Records. The deal was first reported by media outlets in September 2016. The chairman and CEO of RCA Records, Peter Edge, somewhat confirmed the signing while speaking to Music Business Worldwide in January 2017 and he was ranked 5th on Forbes and Channel Os 2013 list of the Top 10 Richest/Bankable African Artists. In February 2014, Wizkid became the first ever Nigerian musician to have over 1 million followers on Twitter, Wizkid was born on 16 July 1990 in Surulere, a residential and commercial area of Lagos. In a 2012 radio interview with Tim Westwood, he said that his father has three wives, Wizkid started singing at age 11 and went by the stage name Lil Prinz until 2006. During an interview with Adesope of Factory 78 TV, Wizkid described his life in a nutshell and he said he formed a group called the Glorious Five with a couple of his church friends. The group managed to release an album prior to disbanding, Wizkid later met OJB Jezreel, a record producer who prevented him from recording for a year. While visiting OBJs PointBeat Studios frequently, he watched 2 Face Idibia record songs for his Grass 2 Grace album and he was also present during the recording sessions for Sound Sultans debut album, Jagbajantis. Wizkid cited Naeto C as one of the people who mentored and coached him when he was 15 years old, Wizkid also told Factory 78 TV that his parents werent receptive of his music from the onset. In order to gain his fathers trust, he had to work hard, Wizkid co-wrote Banky Ws Omoge You Too Much, a song off the The W Experience album
Wizkid (musician)
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Wizkid performing at the
Desire album launch concert in 2013
Wizkid (musician)
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Starboy's official cover poster Wizkid (center) with Maleek Berry (far left) and the brothers known as
Legendury Beatz
22.
Saints Row 2
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Saints Row 2 is a 2008 open world action-adventure video game developed by Volition, Inc. and published by THQ. It was released in October 2008 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, a mobile tie-in version was developed by G5 Entertainment and released the same month. The game is the title and first cross-platform release in the Saints Row series. It is succeeded by 2011s Saints Row, The Third and 2013s Saints Row IV, players navigate the open world and unlock missions by spending Respect, a currency earned by completing numerous off-mission activities. Two players can progress through the games story mode and participate in all activities. The player may compete in 12-player deathmatches. The developers opted for a comedic tone to set the game apart from Grand Theft Auto. The games promotional effort included various public showings, special editions and downloadable content including the Ultor Exposed, reviews were largely favorable, praising the action and straightforward gameplay, while criticizing technical issues. Reviewers were less receptive to the Windows port, citing technical issues. The game had sold around 400,000 units by November 2008, Saints Row 2 is an action-adventure video game set in an open world environment, offering the player a large open environment in which to move around. The players character is capable of maneuvering through the environment, utilizing weaponry, after successfully completing the first game mission, the player is able to explore the environment and choose how they wish to play the game. Missions are unlocked by earning points from minigames and side-missions and although completing missions is necessary for game progression. The player is granted the option of instantly retrying the missions should they fail an attempt, numerous checkpoints save progress in each mission, and missions can be replayed from locations within the environment. Aside from attempting missions, the player can explore the environment, purchase items at shops and participate in the aforementioned mini-games, the player can also wreak havoc upon the environment which can provoke potentially fatal attention from authoritative forces. The player can recruit members from a gang and use a mobile phone to contact friends and/or businesses. Entering cheats will disable Xbox 360 achievements, players drive vehicles that are stolen, bought or unlocked. Aside from automobiles, players can use boats and water craft, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, a cruise control system can be activated while using land or sea vehicles. Waypoints can be placed on the map, leaving a GPS route between the player characters location and the set destination
Saints Row 2
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Saints Row 2
23.
Attention Deficit (album)
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Attention Deficit is the debut studio album by American rapper Wale, it was released on November 10,2009, by Allido Records and Interscope Records in the United States. Upon its release, Attention Deficit received generally positive reviews music critics. The album debuted at number 21 on the US Billboard 200 chart, with sales of 28,000 copies in the United States As of June 2013. The albums lead single Chillin featuring Lady Gaga, was released on April 14,2009, the albums second single World Tour featuring Jazmine Sullivan, was released on September 8,2009. The albums third single Pretty Girls featuring Gucci Mane and Weensey, was released on October 6,2009, Attention Deficit received generally favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 77, based on 21 reviews. David Jeffries of Allmusic gave the album a favorable review, clubs Nathan Rabin gave the album a B+ rating
Attention Deficit (album)
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Attention Deficit
24.
Chillin (Wale song)
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Chillin is a song by American rapper Wale, featuring singer Lady Gaga. It was released as the single from his debut album, Attention Deficit, on April 14,2009. Wale had wanted to collaborate with Gaga, and were introduced to each other through the rappers mentor, Chillin was composed by a number of songwriters, including Wale and Gaga, while it was produced by Cool & Dre. Recorded in New York City, the song discusses Wales life in his hometown. It has musical influence of 1990s style rapping, and contains two samples from the 1969 song, Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye by Steam, the song received mixed reviews from contemporary critics. Some praised Wale and Gagas collaboration and composition, while others criticized it, Chillin reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart, while in the United States it peaked at number 99 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song also reached the regions of the record charts in some other nations. The accompanying music video features both Wale and Gaga in various locations in and around Washington D. C. and Boston, Wale had wanted to collaborate with Lady Gaga on the track since January 2009, believing that she embodied the party-record feel of the song. He explained, If music was a school, I feel like Ill be the dude on the football team. And you know all the bad girls are going to be out there, upon hearing that some were surprised by the collaboration, Wale went on to say, If Jay-Z can work with Coldplay, then Wale should be able to work with Gaga. Wales mentor, Mark Ronson, sent the track to Gaga and she commented that her portion of the song, which includes lyrics such as Lookin at, lookin at, lookin at me/ Eyes all stickin like honey on bees, is narcissistic, but in a positive way. The lyrics capture the life and image of Wales home areas Maryland and its one of those songs, one of those tracks and one of those videos that you cant stop listening to. Chillin has influence of 1990s style rapping, and samples from the 1969 song Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye by Steam, and the 1987 song Top Billin by Audio Two. The song is written in the signature of common time with a tempo of 100 beats per minute. Club called it a slab of electro-funk, with robotic new wave inspired vocals by Gaga. He also refers to fellow rapper M. I. A. with the line Im the same way, M. I. A. / Me, Cool and Dre get high like planes. Produced by Cool & Dre, the song was recorded at Allido Sound Studios in New York, by Derek Pacuk, Wale recalled in a 2011 interview with MTV News for Lady Gaga, Inside the Outside special, that the recording session did not go easy. He had traveled to the New York recording studio from Washington D. C. after a night of partying
Chillin (Wale song)
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"Chillin"
Chillin (Wale song)
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South Boston Waterfront, one of the locations where the video was shot
25.
Pretty Girls (Wale song)
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Pretty Girls is the third official single from Wales debut album, Attention Deficit and is produced by Best Kept Secret. It features Gucci Mane and Weensey from the legendary go-go band Backyard Band and it was released to iTunes and Rhapsody on October 6,2009. The song samples Backyard Bands go-go rendition of The Moments and The Whatnauts track “Girls”, the official remix featuring Chris Brown and Fabolous was released on 13 April 2010. A 2nd remix features Weensey, Raheem DeVaughn, and Phil Ade, the music video was filmed in Los Angeles, California and was directed by Chris Robinson. Gucci Mane does not appear in the due to him serving one-year prison sentence at the time. There are appearances in the video by Washington Redskins running back Clinton Portis, Baltimore Ravens running back Ray Rice, Curren$y, DJ Khaled, wale – Pretty Girls Music Video
Pretty Girls (Wale song)
–
"Pretty Girls"
26.
World Tour (Wale song)
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Attention Deficit is the debut studio album by American rapper Wale, it was released on November 10,2009, by Allido Records and Interscope Records in the United States. Upon its release, Attention Deficit received generally positive reviews music critics. The album debuted at number 21 on the US Billboard 200 chart, with sales of 28,000 copies in the United States As of June 2013. The albums lead single Chillin featuring Lady Gaga, was released on April 14,2009, the albums second single World Tour featuring Jazmine Sullivan, was released on September 8,2009. The albums third single Pretty Girls featuring Gucci Mane and Weensey, was released on October 6,2009, Attention Deficit received generally favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 77, based on 21 reviews. David Jeffries of Allmusic gave the album a favorable review, clubs Nathan Rabin gave the album a B+ rating
World Tour (Wale song)
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Attention Deficit
27.
Self Made Vol. 1
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Self Made Vol.1 is a collaborative album by Maybach Music Group. The album features Maybachs new roster additions, Wale, Meek Mill, Teedra Moses, Pill and Stalley along with Torch, outside of the label, the album features guest appearances from Curren$y, Jadakiss, Jeremih, J. Cole, CyHi the Prynce and French Montana. Play Your Part was previously released on Rick Ross 2010 mixtape, Ashes To Ashes, the album was planned to be released on May 24,2011, but got pushed up one day to May 23,2011. The album sold 58,900 copies in its first week, debuting at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 and number 1 on the Top Rap Albums, as of November 25,2011, the album has sold 183,000 copies in the United States. In an early March interview with Rap Radar, Rick Ross was asked if there were any plans of releasing a Maybach Music compilation album to introduce his new label-mates. Ross responded to the question stating, I think we will bypass the compilation aspect, I was on the phone with DJ Drama last night discussing the possibility of a Maybach music, Gangsta Grillz. Like what we could do to make it different, you know, however, a few hours after the interview was posted to the internet, Rick Ross seemed to have a change of heart. He soon announced that he and Maybach Music Group will be releasing their first compilation album, Self Made, production of the album is handled by Cardiak, Just Blaze, Lex Luger, Lee Major, and many more. On April 18 the official track listing was revealed, prior to the release of Self Made, Vol.1, five singles were released, Tupac Back featuring Meek Mill and Rick Ross was released as the lead single on April 5,2011. The song peaked at number 31 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, pacman featuring Ross and Pill was released two days later as the second single. On May 10, By Any Means was released as the third single, on May 17, Fitted Cap featuring Wale, Mill, Ross and J. Cole, and Ima Boss featuring Mill and Ross, were released as the fourth and fifth singles, respectively. Ima Boss peaked at number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, the remix version of Ima Boss, features T. I. Birdman, Lil Wayne, Ross, DJ Khaled and Swizz Beatz was released to iTunes on February 7,2012, after the albums release, the sixth single,600 Benz featuring Wale, Ross and Jadakiss was released on June 14,2011. The song was produced by Cardiak and that Way, the seventh single featuring Wale, Ross and Jeremih was released on August 30. That Way was produced by Lex Luger, the song peaked at number 49 on the Hot 100. The song also appears as the track on Wales second studio album. MMG Presents, Self Made, Vol.1 has received favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 66, based on 7 reviews
Self Made Vol. 1
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Self Made Vol. 1
28.
Ambition (Wale album)
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Ambition is the second studio album by American hip hop artist Wale. It was released on November 1,2011, by Maybach Music Group and it is the follow-up to his debut album, Attention Deficit, which was released in 2009. The album features guest appearances from Rick Ross, Lloyd, Ne-Yo, Big Sean, Miguel, Meek Mill, Kid Cudi, the album was supported by five official singles— Chain Music, Bait, Lotus Flower Bomb, Focused and Sabotage. Ambition received generally positive reviews music critics. The album debuted at two on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 164,000 copies in its first week of release. As of June,2013, the album has sold over 482,000 copies in the United States, on July 20,2011 Wale began releasing video blogs titled #Nodaysoff Vlog, Wale – The Making of Ambition through the Maybach Music Group Channel. And I got a lot of freestyles, some classic shit, It’s been too… I feel like I’m one of the best, you know. And I wanna give my fans a reason to brag now like, Yo, a lot of niggas is nice, I’m just tryin to take it up a notch like, we is working. Reading more, I’m back to the old me, the vigor that I had with 100 Miles & Running is like, all over the album, it’s the best music I’ve ever made in my life and I mean that. In the same interview, he spoke about his mindset on the album, saying, End all, I want to have this conversation with everybody who asks me that question. A lot of people would kill to be where you at, but you would kill seven motherfuckers to get to where you wanna go in your mind. Young niggas really gotta get on they shit, for real, whether you in the league, you playing basketball, whether you selling dope, whether you in school… We gotta get on our shit. Our parents ain’t have no mfuckin e-mail, mfuckers had to memorize numbers and… The least we can do is grind, how many young Lyor Cohens you see. How many young Diddys you see, a lot of young niggas is in it right now as if they only wanna be in it temporarily, I want it forever. Fuck the money, fuck the fame, I want niggas to say, Wale make that… Psssh… Man… For real. Young niggas don’t aspire to be no more. Niggas our age are so consumed in the now, that’s why they do little akee shit, weirdo shit…know what I’m saying. Young niggas don’t want shit but now, the temporary riches, like, I want the forever, I want the forever glory
Ambition (Wale album)
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Ambition
29.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
Billboard 200
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Contents
30.
The Album About Nothing
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The Album About Nothing is the fourth studio album by American hip hop recording artist Wale. It was released on March 31,2015, by Maybach Music Group, Atlantic Records, recording sessions took place between 2013 and 2015. The album serves as a continuation of Wales Seinfeld-themed mixtape series, the album was supported by two singles, The Body featuring Jeremih, and The Matrimony featuring Usher. The Album About Nothing received generally positive reviews music critics. The album debuted at one on the US Billboard 200. In January 2013, it was reported Wale was working on a new album, Seinfeld spoke about how the collaboration came to be, saying, Wale called me, came to my show and we hung out a little bit. He wanted me to do something with him, I didnt understand it, but he did and then I kind of liked the guy, I dug the guy, and I listened to his music, I liked the music. So I said alright, Ill do it, even though I didnt know what I was going to do, so I said to my wife, Im doing this thing with this guy Wale and she said, Wale is my favorite Hip Hop artist. Somehow, she missed anything that had to do with me, I said just type in Wale and me and see what comes up. In September 2014, Wale spoke about how Seinfeld inspired the album, saying, I was a big fan of Larry David, I watched the show a lot. So I did a Mixtape About Nothing in 2007, I just poked a lot of fun at society and the industry ‘cause what was hot at the time was ‘snap your fingers’ and all that. So I had a perspective on the industry. Basically I just ran with that, I did a Mixtape About Nothing, and then,2010, you know, by this point I’m signed to Interscope and I have a different perspective on things and I did the More About Nothing mixtape. I used more dialogue from Seinfeld, now, we’re here in 2014, I’m using a lot of personal things and things that are going on in my life now as well as exclusive content from Jerry Seinfeld and a little bit of the show. In January 2015, Wale spoke about how it is his most personal album, saying and its like a journal that my whole lifestyle is based around. Before, with my music, I was like the point guard all the handles. Now Im just taking it straight to the cup, Im not moon walking to get from point A to point B. Im running from point A and through point B and you guys are going to hear what Im saying
The Album About Nothing
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The Album About Nothing
The Album About Nothing
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Alternate cover
The Album About Nothing
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Physical cover
31.
Nigerian American
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Nigerian Americans are Americans who are of Nigerian ancestry. According to a 2006 American Community Survey, there were about 266,000 US residents claiming Nigerian heritage, Nigerian Americans make up a significant part of African immigration to the United States. Similar to their proportion of population on the continent of Africa, Nigerias official current population is 168.8 million. The largest communities of ethnic Nigerians living outside the country are those of the United Kingdom, there are also significant numbers of Nigerians in Canada and Australia. The first people of Nigerian ancestry in what is now the modern United States were imported as slaves or indentured laborers from the 17th century onwards, Calabar, Nigeria, became a major point of export of slaves from Africa to the Americas during the 17 and 18th centuries. Most slave ships frequenting this port were English, most of the slaves of Bight of Biafra – many of whom hailed from the Igbo hinterland – were imported to Virginia and South Carolina, surpassing in together the 30.000 slaves hailing from the Bight. These colonies were followed fundamentally by Maryland, under conditions in the European colonies, most English masters were not interested in the tribal origins, and often did not bother to record them at all, or if they did, accurately. More to the point, like other Americans, they have become a mixture of different ancestries. Most slaves who came from Nigeria were likely to have been Igbo, Yoruba, other ethnic groups, such as the Fulani and Edo people were also captured and transported to the colonies in the New World. The Igbo were exported mainly to Maryland and Virginia and they comprised the majority of all slaves in Virginia during the 18th century, of the 37,000 African slaves imported to Virginia from Calabar during the eighteenth century,30,000 were Igbo. In the next century, people of Igbo descent were taken with settlers who moved to Kentucky, According to some historians, the Igbo also comprised most of the slaves in Maryland, although other sources say that most there were from Gambia. This group was characterized by rebellion and its rate of suicide. Some Nigerian ethnic groups, such as the Yoruba, and some northern Nigerian ethnic groups, had tribal facial identification marks and these could have assisted a returning slave in relocating his or her ethnic group, but few slaves escaped the colonies. In the colonies, masters tried to dissuade the practice of tribal customs and they also sometimes mixed people of different ethnic groups to make it more difficult for them to communicate and band together in rebellion. In the 1960s and 1970s after the Biafra War, Nigerias government funded scholarships for Nigerian students, while this was happening, there were several military coups, interspersed with brief periods of civilian rule. The instability resulted in many Nigerian professionals emigrating, especially doctors, lawyers and academics, almost all of these new immigrants have come from ethnic groups in the southern part of the country, primarily the Igbo, Yoruba, and Ibibio peoples, including Annang and Efik. Due to adverse economic and political conditions in Nigeria, some stayed in the United States. During the mid- to late-1980s, a wave of Nigerians immigrated to the United States
Nigerian American
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Chamillionaire
Nigerian American
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Slave notice from
Williamsburg, Virginia for a runaway "
Ibo Negro "
32.
Montgomery County, Maryland
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Montgomery County, officially the County of Montgomery, is a county in the U. S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the population was 971,777 and it is the most populous county in Maryland. The county seat and largest municipality is Rockville, although the place of Germantown is the most populous place. Montgomery County is included in the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, as one of the most affluent counties in the United States, it also has the highest percentage of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. In 2011, it was ranked by Forbes as the 10th richest in the United States, the Maryland state legislature named Montgomery County after Richard Montgomery, the county was created from lands that had at one point or another been part of Frederick County. The name use of Montgomery and Washington County were seen as further defiance to Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War, the countys nickname of MoCo is derived from Montgomery County, after the pattern of SoHo, Manhattan. The countys motto, adopted in 1976, is Gardez Bien, the countys motto is also the motto of its namesakes family. Before European immigration, the now known as Montgomery County was covered in a vast swath of forest crossed by the creeks and small streams that feed the Potomac. A few small villages of the Piscataway, members of the Algonquian people, were scattered across the southern portions of the county. Captain John Smith of the English settlement at Jamestown was probably the first European to explore the area, during his travels along the Potomac River and throughout the Chesapeake region. These lands were claimed by Europeans for the first time when George Calvert and he and other early claimants had no intention of settling their families. They were little more than speculators, securing grants from the colonial leadership, thus, it was not until approximately 1715 that the first British settlers began building farms and plantations in the area. Most of these settlers were small farmers, growing wheat. Many of the farmers owned slaves and they transported the tobacco they grew to market through the Potomac River port of Georgetown. Sparsely settled, the farms and taverns were nonetheless of strategic importance as access to the interior. General Edward Braddocks army traveled through the county on the way to its disastrous defeat at Fort Duquesne during the French, like other regions of the American colonies, the region that is now Montgomery County saw protests against British taxation in the years before the American Revolution. In 1774, local residents met at Hungerfords Tavern and agreed to break off commerce with Great Britain, following the signing of the Declaration of Independence, representatives of the area helped to draft the new state constitution and began to build a Maryland free of proprietary control. The leaders of the new county chose as their county seat an area adjacent to Hungerfords Tavern near the center of the county, the newly formed Montgomery County supplied arms, food and forage for the Continental Army during the Revolution, in addition to soldiers
Montgomery County, Maryland
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Downtown
Rockville in 2001, the
Black Rock Mill in 2006, the
National Naval Medical Center in 2003,
Shady Grove in 2004, and the
Gaithersburg city hall in 2007.
Montgomery County, Maryland
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Map of Montgomery County, Maryland. Compiled in the Bureau of Topographical Engineers from the latest and best authorities, September 1862.
Montgomery County, Maryland
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The Madison House in
Brookeville was built around 1800 and originally owned by
Caleb Bentley. The house provided refuge for President
James Madison, on August 26, 1814, after the British burned Washington, D.C., during the
War of 1812.
Montgomery County, Maryland
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The former Montgomery County Courthouse in
Rockville, Maryland, in January 2006, which served as the county courthouse from 1931 to 1982. The building now houses a state district court after the county court was moved to the Montgomery County Judicial Center.
33.
Quince Orchard High School
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Quince Orchard High School, also known as Q. O. High School, is a school located on Quince Orchard Road in an unincorporated area of Gaithersburg in Montgomery County, Maryland. Quince Orchards incoming freshmen come from Lakelands Park and Ridgeview Middle School as well as Roberto Clemente Middle School magnet program, until the end of the 2007 school year Quince Orchard also took in freshman from Kingsview Middle School. Parts of Gaithersburg and North Potomac assigned to Quince Orchard, Quince Orchard High won 4 state championships in 2007-2008, in boys cross country running, girls soccer, American football, boys indoor track. Starting in 2010, QOHS will also take in freshmen from Parkland Middle School or anyone who attended Parkland, according to materials from the school, Quince Orchard encourages advanced studies in both the arts and books. To this end,31 Advanced Placement courses are offered, ranging from the arts to history to science. The school also boasts higher-than-average SAT and ACT scores, and requires 75 hours of community service for graduation. In 2006, Quince Orchard High School was listed in the Newsweek Magazines top 1,300 High Schools in the U. S. as the 456th highest-rated school in the country. In 2014, Quince Orchard High School was ranked at #176 by US News on their Best High School list, the football team won the state championships in 1991 and 2007 in the 4A classification. The varsity baseball team won the 2005 state title, in 2006, the boys cross country team and the girls field hockey team won the State Championships on November 11 and November 14. Quince Orchard has theatre and music departments, in the spring of 2008, the Quince Orchard High School Chamber Singers performed at the Kennedy Center with the Manhattan Concert Productions. In addition, students produce The Prowler newspaper and the yearbook Tracks, the QOHS Marching Band went to the inaugural USSBA National Championship and achieved a record-breaking score for Montgomery County, Maryland of 90.275. The next year, the band received their second record-breaking score for Montgomery County, Maryland of 92.325, in 2008, the marching band won The USSBA Group IV Open Maryland State Championships with the show Jekyll and Hyde. In 2012, the band won the USSBA Group IIIA Maryland State Championships with the show Alive. For the 2015-2016 school year, Quince Orchard has an enrollment of 1,926 students. During the 2015-2016 school year, the student body was 51. 3% Non-Hispanic Caucasian,15. 6% African American,15. 7% Asian,17. 1% Hispanic and 0. 3% American Indian
Quince Orchard High School
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Quince Orchard High School
34.
Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Gaithersburg, officially the City of Gaithersburg, is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. At the time of the 2010 census, Gaithersburg had a population of 59,933, making it the fourth largest incorporated city in the state, behind Baltimore, Frederick, and Rockville. Gaithersburg is located to the northwest of Washington, D. C. and is considered a suburb, Gaithersburg was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1968. Gaithersburg is divided into east and west sections, separated by Interstate 270, the eastern section of the city is older and is the original portion of the town before more recent growth. Landmarks and buildings from that time can still be seen in many places, the east side also includes Lakeforest Mall, City Hall, and the Montgomery County Fair grounds, and Bohrer Park. The west side of the city has many neighborhoods that were designed with smart growth techniques. These include the award-winning Kentlands community, the Lakelands community, and the Washingtonian Center, two New Urbanism communities are under construction, including Watkins Mill Town Center, and the massive Science City. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is headquartered in Gaithersburg directly west of I-270, other major employers in the city include IBM, Lockheed Martin Information Systems and Global Services business area headquarters, MedImmune, and the French multinational corporation, Sodexo. Gaithersburg is also the location of the garrison of the U. S. Army Reserves 220th Military Police Brigade. Gaithersburg is noted for its ethnic and economic diversity, WalletHub in 2016 ranked it first among the 313 largest U. S. cities for ethnic diversity and second for social class diversity. Gaithersburg was settled in 1765 as an agricultural settlement known as Log Town near the present day Summitee Hall on Ralph Crabbs 1725 land grant Deer Park. The northern portion of the grant was purchased by Henry Brookes. This 1,000 acre tract became part of the landmark IBM Headquarters complex built on the then-new I-270 Interstate Industrial, now Technology, Benjamin Gaither married Henrys daughter Margaret, and Benjamin and Margaret inherited a portion of Henrys land prior to Henrys death in 1807. Gaither built his home on the land in 1802, by the 1850s the area had ceased to be called Log Town and was known to inhabitants as Gaithersburg. The Forest Oak Post Office, named for a tree in the town, was located in Gaithers store in 1851. However, when the railroad was built through town the new station was called Gaithersburg, the town incorporated under its current name in 1878. Gaithersburg boomed during the late 19th century and churches, schools, a mill, grain elevators, stores, much of this development focused around the railroad station. In 1873 the B&O Railroad constructed a station at Gaithersburg, designed by Ephraim Francis Baldwin as part of his series of Victorian stations in Maryland
Gaithersburg, Maryland
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The
NIST Advanced Measurement Laboratory, the Gaithersburg city hall, a row of Gaithersburg townhouses, the Saint Rose of Lima Catholic Church, the
John A. Belt Building, and the Washingtonian Waterfront
Gaithersburg, Maryland
–
A Gaithersburg
SunTrust Bank in August 2015.
Gaithersburg, Maryland
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The Gaithersburg train station in January 2007
Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Gaithersburg High School in March 2010.
35.
Largo, Maryland
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Largo is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Prince Georges County, Maryland, in the United States. The population was 10,709 at the 2010 census, Largo is located just east of the Capital Beltway and is home to Prince Georges Community College and Largo High School. Six Flags America amusement park is to the east in Woodmore, and FedExField, Largo is not a post office designation, but is at the northern end of the Greater Upper Marlboro ZIP code area. Since the transit systems expansion in late 2004, Largo Town Center has served as the end of the Blue Line of the Washington Metro. Largo was named after the Largo Plantation that was owned by the Beall family, the plantation is believed to be named after Largo Bay in Scotland. It was sold to John Contee in 1745, Largo is located at 38°52′37″N 76°49′50″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 3.0 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 8,408 people,3,471 households, the population density was 2,758.8 people per square mile. There were 3,709 housing units at a density of 1,217. 0/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 4. 27% White,92. 69% African American,0. 13% Native American,0. 78% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 51% from other races, and 1. 58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 43% of the population, of all households 31. 9% were made up of individuals and 3. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the family size was 3.09. In the CDP, the population was out with 25. 3% under the age of 18,8. 4% from 18 to 24,35. 9% from 25 to 44,25. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 79.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.7 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $58,130, and the median income for a family was $70,421. Males had an income of $40,067 versus $37,417 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,312, about 3. 2% of families and 5. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7. 6% of those under age 18 and 6. 5% of those age 65 or over. Largo is a part of the Prince Georges County Public Schools, High Road Upper School, Largo MD Largo High School serves the community
Largo, Maryland
–
Largo Town Center station in Downtown Largo
36.
Robert Morris University
–
Robert Morris University is a private, coeducational university located in Moon, a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The school was founded in 1921 and it enrolls more than 4,000 undergraduates and more than 1,000 graduate students and offers more than 60 bachelors degree programs and more than 20 masters and doctoral programs. Most students are from the Pittsburgh area, while 17 percent of freshmen in 2014 were from outside Pennsylvania, Robert Morris University is named after Robert Morris, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and financier of the American Revolution. It is not affiliated with Robert Morris University Illinois, Robert Morris University originated in 1921 as the Pittsburgh School of Accountancy, founded by Andrew Blass. It was based in downtown buildings during its early decades. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania then granted the permission to award associate degrees. The first new buildings, Franklin Center and three halls, were erected in 1963. The school became Robert Morris College in 1969, and for decades operated two separate campuses, in 2002, it attained university status and was thus renamed Robert Morris University. In 2010, the university sold its Downtown Center at 600 Fifth Avenue to Duquesne University, on Dec.4,2014, Gregory G. DellOmo announced that he had accepted an offer from Rider University to become its next president in August 2015. The university at that time announced plans for the formation of a search committee. On Sept.10,2015, Robert Morris named Christopher Howard, currently president of Hampden-Sydney College, Howard, the first African-American president in school history, assumed office in February 2016. The core campus consists of a 230-acre tract in Moon Township, Pennsylvania, of the 21 instructional and administrative buildings, the newest are the Scaife Centers School of Nursing building, opened in 2015, and the Wheatley Center, opened in 2012. Of 14 residence halls, three are newer apartment-style complexes, the university also has converted a former hotel nearby into Yorktown Hall, more than 2,000 students live in campus housing, including 86 percent of freshmen. The main building on campus is the Edward A. Nicholson Student Center, or Nicholson Center for short, the Ground Level, which contains a Barnes and Noble Bookstore that doubles as a school spirit store. The Mezzanine Level, which houses the PNC Cafe as well as the Office for Student Life, the mail room, the Plaza Level, which contains the Admissions Office, Heritage Room, and RoMos Cafe. The Library Level, which consists of the School of Education and Social Sciences, the Nicholson Center is attached to the Patrick Henry Center, which has recently undergone exterior renovations. The library is on the second and third floors of the Patrick Henry Center, RMU participates in inter-library lending consortia PALINET and PALCI that allow RMU students to borrow books on site from most of the college and university libraries in the Pittsburgh area. The building also houses 12 Bloomberg Terminals, and an 18-seat Cisco telepresence room which enables videoconferencing experience, the Center also has an outdoor 18-hole miniature golf course
Robert Morris University
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Tunnels
Robert Morris University
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Robert Morris University
37.
Virginia State University
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Virginia State University, also known as Virginia State, is a historically black public land-grant university located north of the Appomattox River in Petersburg. Founded on March 6,1882, Virginia State developed as the United Statess first fully state-supported four-year institution of learning for black Americans. The university is a school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. The new line extended from Norfolk to Bristol, after the AM&O struggled to operate for several years under receiverships, the railroad was sold at auction in 1881 and became part of the Norfolk and Western Railway. Mahone, a former Confederate general, led Virginias Readjuster Party and he was a major proponent of public schools for the education of freedmen and free blacks. Elected by the legislature as a United States Senator from Virginia. Alfred W. Harris, an attorney who was a state delegate. In 1882, the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute at Ettrick was established, the next morning I asked my father about the school for coloured people, which was being projected under the influence of General Mahone at Petersburg, now a State Normal School. He told me much about it and it was to open the following fall. The Hon. John M. Langston, he said, a man who was as well educated as any white person that he knew of, was to be the president. He said I might go if I wished and that he would do what he could to help me, Virginia States first president was John Mercer Langston, former dean of Howard Universitys law school, and later elected to Congress as the first African-American Representative from Virginia. The board of trustees was composed of prominent African-American men, with one seat for a white man, until the mid-1960s, following federal civil rights legislation that ended racial segregation, the faculty of the collegiate program and the normal school was exclusively African American. In response to the 1890 Amendments to the federal Morrill Act, the United States Congress required that states either open their land-grant colleges to all races or else establish additional land-grant educational facilities for blacks. In 1902, the legislature revised the charter and renamed it the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute. With expansion of programs and a curriculum, in 1930 the college was renamed Virginia State College for Negroes. In 1979, the addition of more departments and graduate programs was recognized in a change of name to Virginia State University. In 2003, the university accepted its first students in its first Ph. D. program, on July 1,2010, President Keith T. Miller was named as the 13th president of Virginia State University. He previously served as President of Lock Haven University, Miller earned his bachelor, master, and doctoral degrees from the University of Arizona
Virginia State University
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University entrance
Virginia State University
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Virginia State University
Virginia State University
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Library
Virginia State University
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Campus 2006
38.
Bowie State University
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Bowie State University is a public university located on 355½ acres in unincorporated Prince Georges County, Maryland, United States, north of the suburban city of Bowie. Bowie State is part of the University System of Maryland, Bowie State is Marylands oldest historically black university and one of the ten oldest in the country. Bowie State is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, Bowie State University is the oldest HBCU in Maryland. It was founded in 1865 by the Baltimore Association for the Moral and Educational Improvement of Colored People as a teaching school, the school first used space at the African Baptist Church at Calvert Street and Sarasota Street, in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1867, a facility was purchased nearby at Sarasota Street and Courtland Street. After being reorganized in 1883 as the Baltimore Normal School, it educated African Americans to be teachers for African American students until 1908. At that time, the became a state institution of teaching under the Maryland State Department of Education and was redesignated as a Normal School No.3. Shortly thereafter, in 1910, the school moved from its insufficient Baltimore building to the Jericho Farm, about 60 students lived in the old farmhouse. The school was renamed in 1914 as the Maryland Normal and Industrial School at Bowie, in recognition, the school was renamed in 1935 as Maryland Teachers College at Bowie. The college also offered increasing courses in the liberal arts, in 1963, Bowie State College was officially named a liberal arts school – with additional majors in English, history, and social science – although emphasis remained on teacher education. A Masters degree in education was added in 1969, the school was renamed Bowie State University in 1988, as a member of the University System of Maryland. In the subsequent decades, Bowie continued to reorganize and expand, especially in professional, in 1992, Bowie State became the first HBCU to expand overseas, with graduate programs for military personnel stationed abroad. By 2017, the school offered 20+ undergraduate majors and 30+ advanced degrees or certificate programs, in partnership with the University of Maryland University College, Bowie State University became the first historically black university to include overseas studies. It was also the first university in the nation to offer a degree in pedology. Programs include a rare doctoral degree in leadership, a program for education administrators. In 1995, NASA and the National Science Foundation awarded $27 million as one of six schools in the nation declared Model Institutions for Excellence in science, engineering. This led to a strengthening of the growing computer science program, in 1999. Since then new technology related programs including visual communication and digital arts, music technology
Bowie State University
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Martin Luther King, Jr. Communications Art Center
39.
Washington Redskins
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The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area. The Redskins compete in the National Football League as a member of the National Football Conference East division. The Redskins have played more than 1,000 games since 1932, the Redskins have won five NFL Championships. The franchise has captured 14 NFL divisional titles and six NFL conference championships, the Redskins were the first team in the NFL with an official marching band, and also the first team to have a fight song, Hail to the Redskins. The team began play as the Boston Braves in 1932, based in Boston, before relocating to Washington, the Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 Championship games, as well as Super Bowls XVII, XXII, and XXVI. They also played in, and lost, the 1936,1940,1943 and they have made 24 postseason appearances, and have an overall postseason record of 23–18. All of the Redskins league titles were attained during two 10-year spans, from 1936 to 1945, the Redskins went to the NFL Championship six times, winning two of them. The second period lasted between 1982 and 1991 where the Redskins appeared in the seven times, captured four Conference titles. The Redskins have also experienced failure in their history, the most notable period of general failure was from 1946 to 1970, during which the Redskins posted only four winning seasons and did not have a single postseason appearance. During this period, the Redskins went without a winning season during the years 1956–1968. In 1961, the franchise posted their worst regular season record with a 1–12–1 showing, since 1992, the Redskins have only won the NFC East three times, made five postseason appearances, and had nine seasons with a winning record.85 billion. They also set the NFL record for attendance in 2007. The team name and logo have been the subject of controversy, with lawsuits being filed by Native American groups who consider the team name, polls conducted in the 2010s have shown a lack of major support among fans for a name change. The team originated as the Boston Braves, based in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1932, at the time the team played in Braves Field, home of the Boston Braves baseball team. The following year the club moved to Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox, to round out the change, Marshall hired William Lone Star Dietz, who was part Sioux, as the teams head coach. However, Boston wasnt much of a town at the time. The Redskins relocated to Washington, D. C. in 1937, in their early years in Washington, the Redskins shared Griffith Stadium with the Washington Senators baseball team. The Redskins played and won their first game in Washington, D. C. on September 16,1937, on December 5,1937, they earned their first division title in Washington against the Giants, 49–14, for the Eastern Championship
Washington Redskins
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Max Krause was a
running back for the Redskins from 1937 to 1940.
Washington Redskins
Washington Redskins
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Richard Nixon meeting with the Redskins, November 23, 1971.
Washington Redskins
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Joe Theismann at Washington training camp in 1983.
40.
Chris Cooley (American football)
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Christopher Ken Chris Cooley is a former American football tight end who played for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. He played college football for Utah State University, and was drafted by the Redskins in the round of the 2004 NFL draft. Cooley holds the Redskins franchise record for most receptions at tight end, Cooley attended Logan High School in Logan, Utah, and lettered in football, wrestling, and baseball. As a senior tight end, he caught 45 passes for 625 yards and on defense, added eight sacks. In wrestling, he posted a 54–0 record his senior season and won the state championship, Cooley finished his college football career at Utah State University with 95 receptions for 1,255 yards. He was part of a talented receiving unit with teammate Kevin Curtis who is currently a free agent, in 2003, his senior season at Utah State, Cooley led the NCAA in receptions by a tight end. In 2004, Cooley was drafted in the round, with the 81st overall pick. After being used sparingly in the first half of the 2004 season, Cooley began to be used extensively in the last eight games. In his first NFL season, Cooley led the team in touchdowns, while recording 37 receptions for 314 yards and he finished the season with an average of 8.5 yards per catch. He was the Redskins nominee for the NFL Man of the Year award for his reading to children. He is also known by the nickname Johnny White Guy, which was given to him by Clinton Portis during one of Portis colorful press conferences. Those three touchdowns ended up actually costing Cooley his fantasy football game, because his opponent had Cooley on his fantasy team. He led all NFC tight ends in fan voting for the annual Pro Bowl with 422,314 votes and he was named first team All-NFC by Pro Football Weekly. In 2006, Cooley got off to a slow start under the play-calling of the Washington Redskins new offensive coordinator, Cooley ended the season with numbers slightly less than his sophomore outing, but was still one of the top tight ends in the game. On September 1,2007, Cooley signed a six-year $30 million contract extension, in 2007, Cooley had scored in all but one game as of week six. In the sixth week, Cooley had 9 receptions for a career high 105 yards, on December 18,2007 Chris Cooley was named to the 2007 Pro Bowl team with Redskins tackle Chris Samuels, long-snapper Ethan Albright, and the late safety Sean Taylor. Cooley set an NFL record by being the only end in league history to have six or more touchdowns in each of his first four seasons. In 2008, Cooley scored only one touchdown, in Week 5, Cooley had 8 receptions for a career high 109 yards and one touchdown from a pass from Antwaan Randle El in a 23–17 win against the Philadelphia Eagles
Chris Cooley (American football)
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Cooley at Redskins training camp in 2011.
Chris Cooley (American football)
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Cooley at Redskins training camp in 2006.
Chris Cooley (American football)
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Cooley with
Mike Sellers at the
2009 Pro Bowl.
41.
Gbenga Akinnagbe
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Gbenga Akinnagbe /ˈbɛŋɡə əˈkiːnəbeɪ/ BENG-gə ə-KEEN-ə-bay is an American actor and writer, best known for his role as Chris Partlow on the HBO series The Wire. Akinnagbe was born in Washington, D. C. the son of Nigerian parents and he was raised in Silver Spring, Maryland. He is the second oldest of six children, with one sister and four younger brothers. He attended Colonel Zadok A. Magruder High School in Rockville and he attended Bucknell University on a wrestling scholarship, majoring in Political Science and English. Akinnagbe played Ben Ellis in the episode Contenders on the TV series Numb3rs, in the summer of 2006, Akinnagbe performed the role of Zim in the NYC Fringe Festivals Outstanding Play award-winning production of Modern Missionary. In 2003, Akinnagbe auditioned for the role of Chris Partlow on the HBO series The Wire, in 2008 during the shows fifth and final season, he was promoted to a series regular. In 2007, Akinnagbe appeared in the film The Savages with Philip Seymour Hoffman, Laura Linney and he appeared in the remake of The Taking of Pelham 123, which was released by Sony in June 2009. Akinnagbe made a guest appearance on a Season 10 Law & Order, Special Victims Unit episode entitled Hell as Elijah Okello, akinnagbes former The Wire cast mate Robert Wisdom also appeared in that episode as Father Theo Burdett. In 2010 in Seattle, Washington Akinnagbe starred in world premiere play The Thin Place at The Intiman Theatre and he was also in the movie Lottery Ticket and is currently in The Good Wife as Pastor Isiah Easton. His former co-star from the The Wire, Frankie Faison, portrayed his father on the show in several episodes and he also starred as Kelly Slater, a nurse in the 3rd season of the Showtime series Nurse Jackie. He also starred in leading roles for two Independent films, as Jack in Home, directed by Jono Oliver, and as James in Big Words and he is currently playing a drug lord in the USA series Graceland and starred as Tom in The Following. He also starred as CIA Agent Erik Ritter in 24, Live Another Day, since October 2016 he is acting in the production Starbright, a feature film to be released at the end of 2017. Akinnagbe is the cousin of rapper Wale and they both have Nigerian roots, Gbenga Akinnagbe at the Internet Movie Database Gbenga Akinnagbe at AllMovie Gbenga Akinnagbe interview on HoboTrashcan. com Gbenga Akinnagbe interview on thaformula
Gbenga Akinnagbe
42.
Chris Partlow
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Christopher Chris Partlow is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Gbenga Akinnagbe. Chris is Marlo Stanfields best friend, bodyguard, and second-in-command in his drug dealing operation, despite his quiet demeanor, Chris commits more on- and off-screen murders than any other character. Although he is a killer, he is shown to genuinely care about the soldiers under his command, especially Michael Lee. According to a David Simon audio commentary, Chris was molested as a child, Chris is a key player in the turf war with the Barksdale organization and is always looking out for Marlos safety. He often meets with Marlo and his adviser Vinson to discuss their strategy, chriss cautious observation reveals Avon Barksdales car when he tries to set a trap for Marlo. Chris has his driver pull up alongside the Barksdale car, then fires a shotgun into the window, wounding Avon. When Marlo kills Devonne, the responsible for setting up the attempted ambush, Chris accompanies him. When Stringer Bell is murdered, Chris and Snoop are assumed to be responsible, the turf war comes to an end when Stringers death and Avons arrest lead to the demise of the Barksdale Organization and Stanfield assumes control of most of the drug trade in Western Baltimore. Chris carries out murders as Stanfield orders them, working alongside young female soldier Snoop, he disposes of bodies by opening up vacant buildings, covering the corpses in quicklime and sheeting, and then nailing the buildings shut. When Stanfield dealer Fruit is killed, Chris advises restraint, suggesting they kill the perpetrator instead of all the members of the independent drug crew he works with, Marlo agrees with Chris approach and gives him the go-ahead to kill Fruits murderer, Lex. Chris arranges for Lex to be ambushed by paying Little Kevin to tell him his girlfriend wants to him at night in a secluded spot. Kevin pays an unwitting Randy Wagstaff to pass on the message, once the trap is sprung, Lex is killed by Chris and Snoop. Chris is also responsible for the murder of a security guard who talked back to Marlo, rumors on the street tie Chris to several other murders including victims known as Pookie and Byron. Chris continues to be Marlos key adviser and he tries to dissuade Marlo from playing at a high-stakes card game where he is losing a considerable amount of money. When the game is robbed by Omar Little, Marlo asks Chris for his advice on how best to deal with Omar, Chris suggests a more subtle approach than simply placing a bounty on Omar. They plan to stage a robbery of their associate Old Face Andre and blame the robbery on Omar, Chris carries out the robbery himself and kills a delivery woman and beats Andre to lend credence to their scenario. Marlo entrusts Chris with cultivating new prospect Michael Lee, Michael is a middle school child who Marlo believes would make a good soldier. Chris is responsible for intimidating Lexs crew chief Bodie Broadus into giving up his corner, Chris forces Bodie to accept Marlos package, which is inferior to the high quality heroin he had been purchasing from Proposition Joe Stewart
Chris Partlow
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Chris Partlow
43.
The Wire
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The Wire is an American crime drama television series set and produced in Baltimore, Maryland. Created and primarily written by author and former police reporter David Simon, the Wire premiered on June 2,2002, and ended on March 9,2008, comprising 60 episodes over five seasons. Each season of The Wire introduces a different institution in the city of Baltimore and its relationship to law enforcement, while retaining characters and advancing storylines from previous seasons. In chronological order these are, the drug trade, the seaport system, the city government and bureaucracy, the school system. The large cast consists mainly of actors who are known for their other roles, as well as numerous real-life Baltimore and Maryland figures in guest. Simon has said that despite its framing as a drama, the show is really about the American city. Its about how institutions have an effect on individuals, whether one is a cop, a longshoreman, a drug dealer, a politician, a judge or a lawyer, all are ultimately compromised and must contend with whatever institution to which they are committed. The Wire is lauded for its themes, its uncommonly acute exploration of society and politics. Simon has stated that he set out to create a police drama loosely based on the experiences of his writing partner Ed Burns. Simon chose to set the show in Baltimore because of his familiarity with the city, Simon wanted to avoid a repeat of these conflicts and chose to take The Wire to HBO, because of their working relationship from the miniseries The Corner. HBO was initially doubtful about including a drama in its lineup. Simon approached the mayor of Baltimore, telling him that he wanted to give a bleak portrayal of aspects of the city. He hoped the show would change the opinions of some viewers, the casting of the show has been praised for avoiding big-name stars and using character actors who appear natural in their roles. The looks of the cast as a whole have been described as defying TV expectations by presenting a range of humanity on screen. Most of the cast is African-American, consistent with the demographics of Baltimore, the initial cast was assembled through a process of auditions and readings. Lance Reddick received the role of Cedric Daniels after auditioning for other parts. Michael K. Williams got the part of Omar Little after only a single audition, Jay Landsman, a longtime police officer who inspired the character of the same name, played Lieutenant Dennis Mello. Baltimore police commander Gary DAddario served as the technical advisor for the first two seasons and has a recurring role as prosecutor Gary DiPasquale
The Wire
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Second season
intertitle
The Wire
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David Simon, creator of The Wire
The Wire
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"Murderland Alley" is both realistically and bleakly portrayed.
The Wire
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The Barksdale crew: from left,
Wee-Bey Brice,
Stringer Bell,
D'Angelo Barksdale,
Poot Carr, and
Bodie Broadus
44.
The Source (magazine)
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The Source is a United States-based monthly full-color magazine covering hip-hop music, politics, and culture, founded in 1988. It is the worlds longest running rap periodical, being founded as a newsletter in 1988, the Source was originally started by David Mays, a Harvard University student in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Mays decided to hire his friends, Jonathan Shecter, James Bernard and Ed Young. At the time, Mays handled duties as the publisher for the magazine, the magazines offices were moved from Massachusetts to New York City in 1990, a move that was made with the intention to expand the magazine into a mainstream market publication. The magazines annual awards show, known as The Source Awards, the Lifetime Achievement Award is the highest award given to an emcee who has contributed his/her time to succeeding in the hip-hop music industry. The Source also releases an album of hip-hop hits. The magazine expanded overseas with a French-language version, alongside The Source Latino, the company invested in mobile phones and ringtones under The Source Mobile Channel moniker, in which subscribers are offered their favorite choice of hip-hop ringtones. The Source also invested in its own urban clothing apparel company, the Source announced in a press conference that the magazine was in possession of an old tape in which a young Eminem was rapping racial slurs against Black women. For his part, Eminem did not deny making the tapes and he apologized for making the tapes but also exhorted the public to consider the origin of the allegations. Nevertheless, Eminem sued The Source for defamation and copyright infringement, the federal courts ruled in The Sources favor, and allowed a limited distribution of the tapes music and lyrics under Fair Use law. Mays and Benzino both countered the withdrawal of the lawsuit, calling it a cowardly move and they both claimed they could finally expose the truth about Eminem and planned to eventually release the racist tapes in a future magazine. It devoted its February 2004 issue to the discovery of the tapes, later, Benzino and The Source would urge video and radio stations to ban Eminems video, Just Lose It, and issue an apology to Michael Jackson. The video depicts Jackson in a light and the publication wanted to boycott the rapper. In spite of their efforts, BET was the network to ban the video. BET claimed Benzino was not the reason for the banning, Eminem released the single Like Toy Soldiers from Encore, in which he states hell walk away from it all before it gets any further. Benzino responded with the track, Look Into My Eyes. In 2005, after Kimberly Osorio had been fired, Mays. That same year he resigned after he was ordered to lower the rating of Little Brothers The Minstrel Show from four-and-a-half to four
The Source (magazine)
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The Source
45.
XM Radio
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XM Satellite Radio was one of the three satellite radio and online radio services in the United States and Canada, operated by Sirius XM Holdings. It provided pay-for-service radio, analogous to cable television and its service included 73 different music channels,39 news, sports, talk and entertainment channels,21 regional traffic and weather channels and 23 play-by-play sports channels. XM channels were identified by Arbitron with the label XM, the satellite service was officially launched on September 25,2001. On November 12,2008, Sirius and XM began broadcasting with their new, on January 13,2011, XM Satellite Radio, Inc. was dissolved as a separate entity and merged into Sirius XM Radio, Inc. Prior to its merger with Sirius, XM was the largest satellite radio company in the United States, while the satellite receiver radio service was its primary product, XM operated several audio and data services, and advertising. XMs primary business was satellite radio entertainment, XM carried music, news, sports, talk radio, comedy, and even radio drama. In addition, XM used to broadcast local weather and traffic conditions in its larger markets, the channel lineup was available on-line. To receive satellite radio programming, a customer was required to purchase a receiver, prices ranged from less than $50 to over $200. With a service commitment, it was possible to get a simple receiver for free, monthly packages started at US$6. 99/month but after adding multiple sports channels the monthly subscription changed to US$14. 49/month with add-on family radios at US$8. 99/month. Best-of-Sirius was available on US accounts for a monthly fee. Channel quality was in one of two flavors, stereo music channels at 39 kbit/s and mono talk channels at 16 kbit/s using proprietary compression, many subscribers have complained about the low quality of satellite radio sound. But providers have stuck with the plan for more channels instead of better quality, HD terrestrial digital radio, a competitor has always used this difference as a selling point. Prior to March 11,2009, XMRO was included with XM Radio subscriptions, XM also provided data services such as weather information for pilots and weather spotters through its Sirius XM Weather & Emergency datacasting service. This up to the weather information could be displayed in the cockpit of an aircraft equipped with a satellite weather receiver. Unlike weather radar, which relies on the aircrafts own equipment, the downside is that the various weather streams took around 15 minutes to complete the data download, meaning that the information can somewhat be out-of-date by the time it is shown. In-cockpit radar and lightning receivers returned truly realtime information, but they costed many thousands of dollars, FAA Temporary Flight Restrictions were also available and shown. Certain aircraft had the XM radio service into the audio system, as well. In 2005, AirTran Airways began putting XM Satellite Radio on their aircraft, while in January 2006, United Airlines started carrying prerecorded XM content in March 2006
XM Radio
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XM Radio's online player prior to their merge with Sirius
XM Radio
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XM Satellite Radio
XM Radio
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XM Satellite Radio headquarters in Washington, D.C., near the
NoMa – Gallaudet University Metro station.
46.
WKYS
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WKYS is an American radio station broadcasting an urban contemporary radio format, that serves the greater Washington, D. C. metropolitan area. Its transmitter is located on the tower as WRC-TV, a legacy of its former ownership by NBC. The station broadcasts from a class B signal with a radiated power of 24,500 watts (24.5 kilowatts on 93.9 MHz frequency. WKYS has a city of license of Washington, D. C. and is owned by Radio One and it is co-owned with WMMJ, WOL, WPRS-FM and WYCB and has its studios located in Silver Spring, Maryland. WKYS is licensed by the FCC to broadcast in the HD digital hybrid format, the station was first launched as WRC-FM in June 1947 alongside its television partner, WRC-TV channel 4. Both were built from the ground up by NBC, which launched WRC980 AM24 years earlier and it inherited the call sign from its AM radio partner based on RCAs ownership of the network. During its early days it carried a jazz format, for a short time in 1975, the two stations simulcast the Top 40 format.9. The disco format eventually evolved into the present urban contemporary format, in the mid 1980s, WKYS gained competition from WMMJ and WPGC. When NBC divested all of its properties in 1988, WKYS was sold to Albimar Communications. Some years later, amid financial difficulties, the station was sold to Radio One. In the mid 1990s, WKYS was forced to drop the Kiss FM name and changed it to 93.9 WKYS due to Clear Channel acquiring the rights to the branding itself and enforcing the trademark rights nationwide. However, WKYS reintroduced the Kiss FM name for a period of years after with its over-the-air branding. WKYS, however, retired the Kiss FM moniker later on, from the 1977 to 1993, WKYS was home to the legendary radio personality Donnie Simpson. The station also once was the flagship of the nationally syndicated Russ Parr Morning Show, in January 2016, Russ Parr moved to sister WMMJ and was replaced on WKYS by The Fam in the Morning. WIHT WPGC-FM93.9 WKYS website Query the FCCs FM station database for WKYS Radio-Locator information on WKYS Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WKYS
WKYS
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a former logo of WKYS has been used until 2013
WKYS
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WKYS
47.
The Fader
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The Fader is a New York-based music magazine launched in 1999 by Rob Stone and Jon Cohen, covering music, style and culture. It was the first print publication to be released on iTunes, the Fader won the Folio magazine Gold Eddie awards for Best Consumer Entertainment Magazine in 2011 and 2008. It is owned by The Fader Media group, which includes its website, thefader. com, Fader films, Fader Label. The Fader Fort is an annual event at Austin Texas’s South by Southwest founded in 2002. The four-day party features live performances and is sponsored by Fiat, Fader Fort NYC is a party produced during the annual CMJ Music Marathon. I. G. The OMMA Awards, “Nike Sportswear + FADER Presents Pitch Perfect” - Apparel, Fashion - Integrated Online Campaigns
The Fader
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The FADER
48.
HitQuarters
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HitQuarters is an international music industry publication and contact database founded in 1999. It is the site to the songwriting tip sheet SongQuarters. The website hosts a music industry directory that includes regularly updated contact info for A&Rs. The directory is distinctive for including track records for individual entry. The idea behind this is that users can judge the value of a contact by reviewing their past successes. It also means that users are able to search for a particular artist and find out the appropriate A&R, members of HitQuarters that have gone on to find success have included Christelle, The Knife, Dominique Young Unique, Bobby Creekwater, Lesley Roy and State of Shock. One of HitQuarters most prominent features is its weekly in-depth interviews with major figures such as A&Rs. Past judges have included Visible Noise CEO Julie Weir, and producers Colin Richardson and Eddie Galan, HitQuarters founded the worlds first A&R chart that measured the success of individual A&R representatives based on points accumulated from their respective artists chart success. Most notably,2004 saw Wind-Up Records Diana Meltzer become the first woman to top HitQuarters World Top 100 A&R Chart, previous number 1s have included Clive Davis, Tommy Mottola, Dr. Dre and Mark Williams. HitQuarters is a site to SongQuarters, an online tip sheet for songwriting leads to major. SongQuarters shares the same directory as HitQuarters and its members automatically have access to the HitQuarters site. SongQuarters is a subscription based service with 7-day trials available for those wanting to try it out first, the songwriting leads are split into three categories according to the level of the artist they relate to, Top 500, Newly Signed and Developing and Unsigned and Up-and-coming. SongQuarters Official HitQuarters Facebook page Official Twitter
HitQuarters
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HitQuarters
HitQuarters
–
Wind-up Records A&R
Diana Meltzer poses with HitQuarters award that made her the first No.1 female A&R.
49.
Lily Allen
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Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper, known professionally as Lily Allen, is an English singer, songwriter, actress, and television presenter. She is the daughter of actor Keith Allen and film producer Alison Owen, Allen left school when she was 15 and concentrated on improving her performing and compositional skills. In 2005, she made some of her recordings public on Myspace and the publicity resulted in airplay on BBC Radio 1 and her first mainstream single, Smile, reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in July 2006. Her debut record, Alright, Still, was received, selling over 2.6 million copies worldwide and brought Allen a nomination at the Grammy Awards, Brit Awards. She began hosting her own talk-show, Lily Allen and Friends and her second studio album, Its Not Me, Its You, saw a genre shift, having more of an electropop feel, rather than the ska and reggae influences of the first one. The album debuted at one on the UK Albums Chart. It spawned the hit singles The Fear and Fuck You and this success saw her receive the Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist at the 2010 Brit Awards. In 2009, Allen announced that she would be taking a hiatus from musical activities, in 2011, she launched her own record label. In 2013, Allen revealed that she had begun working on her studio album. On 12 November 2013, Allen premiered the video for her first original song since 2009, Hard out Here, Allen was born in Hammersmith, west London, daughter of Keith Allen, a Welsh-born comedian, and film producer Alison Owen. She has a sister, Sarah, a younger brother, actor Alfie. She is the goddaughter of Wild Colonials vocalist Angela McCluskey and she is the third-cousin of singer Sam Smith. At age three Allen appeared on The Comic Strip Presents, episode The Yob, which her father had co-written. When she was four, her left the family. During her early childhood, Allen lived with her family on a council estate, for a time, the family lived with comedian Harry Enfield while her mother dated him. The Clash singer and guitarist Joe Strummer was close to Allen and she attended 13 schools, including Prince Charless junior alma mater, Hill House School, Millfield, Bedales School and was expelled from several of them for drinking and smoking. This led to Allen singing Baby Mine from Disneys Dumbo at a school concert, Allen told Loveline that the audience was brought to tears at the sight of a troubled young girl doing something good. At that point Allen said she knew music was something she needed to do either as a lifelong vocation or to get it out of her system
Lily Allen
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Allen in 2007
Lily Allen
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Allen performing at the
INmusic festival in
Zagreb,
Croatia, 24 June 2009
Lily Allen
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Allen performing at Solidays in 2007
