Weicheng District (simplified Chinese: 潍城区; traditional Chinese: 濰城區; pinyin: Wéichéng Qū) is a district of Weifang, Shandong, China. Weicheng has an area of 272.3 km² and around 368,200 inhabitants (2003).
Coordinates: 36°42′50″N 119°06′22″E / 36.71389°N 119.10611°E
1. Simplified Chinese characters – Simplified Chinese characters are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters for use in mainland China. Along with traditional Chinese characters, it is one of the two character sets of the contemporary Chinese written language. The government of the Peoples Republic of China in mainland China has promoted them for use in printing since the 1950s and 1960s in an attempt to increase literacy and they are officially used in the Peoples Republic of China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese characters are used in Hong Kong, Macau. Overseas Chinese communities generally tend to use traditional characters, Simplified Chinese characters may be referred to by their official name above or colloquially. Strictly, the latter refers to simplifications of character structure or body, character forms that have existed for thousands of years alongside regular, Simplified character forms were created by decreasing the number of strokes and simplifying the forms of a sizable proportion of traditional Chinese characters. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms embodying graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms, some characters were simplified by applying regular rules, for example, by replacing all occurrences of a certain component with a simplified version of the component. Variant characters with the pronunciation and identical meaning were reduced to a single standardized character. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification, and are identical between the traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. Some simplified characters are very dissimilar to and unpredictably different from traditional characters and this often leads opponents not well-versed in the method of simplification to conclude that the overall process of character simplification is also arbitrary. In reality, the methods and rules of simplification are few, on the other hand, proponents of simplification often flaunt a few choice simplified characters as ingenious inventions, when in fact these have existed for hundreds of years as ancient variants. However, the Chinese government never officially dropped its goal of further simplification in the future, in August 2009, the PRC began collecting public comments for a modified list of simplified characters. The new Table of General Standard Chinese Characters consisting of 8,105 characters was promulgated by the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China on June 5,2013, cursive written text almost always includes character simplification. Simplified forms used in print have always existed, they date back to as early as the Qin dynasty, One of the earliest proponents of character simplification was Lubi Kui, who proposed in 1909 that simplified characters should be used in education. In the years following the May Fourth Movement in 1919, many anti-imperialist Chinese intellectuals sought ways to modernise China, Traditional culture and values such as Confucianism were challenged. Soon, people in the Movement started to cite the traditional Chinese writing system as an obstacle in modernising China and it was suggested that the Chinese writing system should be either simplified or completely abolished. Fu Sinian, a leader of the May Fourth Movement, called Chinese characters the writing of ox-demons, lu Xun, a renowned Chinese author in the 20th century, stated that, If Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die. Recent commentators have claimed that Chinese characters were blamed for the problems in China during that time
2. Traditional Chinese characters – Traditional Chinese characters are Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946. They are most commonly the characters in the character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong. Currently, a number of overseas Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between both sets. In contrast, simplified Chinese characters are used in mainland China, Singapore, the debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters has been a long-running issue among Chinese communities. Although simplified characters are taught and endorsed by the government of Mainland China, Traditional characters are used informally in regions in China primarily in handwriting and also used for inscriptions and religious text. They are often retained in logos or graphics to evoke yesteryear, nonetheless, the vast majority of media and communications in China is dominated by simplified characters. Taiwan has never adopted Simplified Chinese characters since it is ruled by the Republic of China, the use of simplified characters in official documents is even prohibited by the government in Taiwan. Simplified characters are not well understood in general, although some stroke simplifications that have incorporated into Simplified Chinese are in common use in handwriting. For example, while the name of Taiwan is written as 臺灣, similarly, in Hong Kong and Macau, Traditional Chinese has been the legal written form since colonial times. In recent years, because of the influx of mainland Chinese tourists, today, even government websites use simplified Chinese, as they answer to the Beijing government. This has led to concerns by residents to protect their local heritage. In Southeast Asia, the Chinese Filipino community continues to be one of the most conservative regarding simplification, while major public universities are teaching simplified characters, many well-established Chinese schools still use traditional characters. Publications like the Chinese Commercial News, World News, and United Daily News still use traditional characters, on the other hand, the Philippine Chinese Daily uses simplified. Aside from local newspapers, magazines from Hong Kong, such as the Yazhou Zhoukan, are found in some bookstores. In case of film or television subtitles on DVD, the Chinese dub that is used in Philippines is the same as the one used in Taiwan and this is because the DVDs belongs to DVD Region Code 3. Hence, most of the subtitles are in Traditional Characters, overseas Chinese in the United States have long used traditional characters. A major influx of Chinese immigrants to the United States occurred during the half of the 19th century. Therefore, the majority of Chinese language signage in the United States, including street signs, Traditional Chinese characters are called several different names within the Chinese-speaking world
3. Pinyin – Pinyin, or Hànyǔ Pīnyīn, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan. It is often used to teach Standard Chinese, which is written using Chinese characters. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones, Pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written with the Latin alphabet, and also in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters. The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by many linguists, including Zhou Youguang and it was published by the Chinese government in 1958 and revised several times. The International Organization for Standardization adopted pinyin as a standard in 1982. The system was adopted as the standard in Taiwan in 2009. The word Hànyǔ means the language of the Han people. In 1605, the Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci published Xizi Qiji in Beijing and this was the first book to use the Roman alphabet to write the Chinese language. Twenty years later, another Jesuit in China, Nicolas Trigault, neither book had much immediate impact on the way in which Chinese thought about their writing system, and the romanizations they described were intended more for Westerners than for the Chinese. One of the earliest Chinese thinkers to relate Western alphabets to Chinese was late Ming to early Qing Dynasty scholar-official, the first late Qing reformer to propose that China adopt a system of spelling was Song Shu. A student of the great scholars Yu Yue and Zhang Taiyan, Song had been to Japan and observed the effect of the kana syllabaries. This galvanized him into activity on a number of fronts, one of the most important being reform of the script, while Song did not himself actually create a system for spelling Sinitic languages, his discussion proved fertile and led to a proliferation of schemes for phonetic scripts. The Wade–Giles system was produced by Thomas Wade in 1859, and it was popular and used in English-language publications outside China until 1979. This Sin Wenz or New Writing was much more sophisticated than earlier alphabets. In 1940, several members attended a Border Region Sin Wenz Society convention. Mao Zedong and Zhu De, head of the army, both contributed their calligraphy for the masthead of the Sin Wenz Societys new journal. Outside the CCP, other prominent supporters included Sun Yat-sens son, Sun Fo, Cai Yuanpei, the countrys most prestigious educator, Tao Xingzhi, an educational reformer. Over thirty journals soon appeared written in Sin Wenz, plus large numbers of translations, biographies, some contemporary Chinese literature, and a spectrum of textbooks
4. Weifang – For the World War II civilian internment camp at Weifang see Weihsien Compound. Weifang is a city in central Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. The city borders Dongying to the northwest, Zibo to the west, Linyi to the southwest, Rizhao to the south, Qingdao to the east, and looks out to the Laizhou Bay to the north. Its population was 9,086,241 at the 2010 census, of whom 2,659,938 lived in the area made up of 4 urban districts. Weifang has numerous natural and historic sites, such as Shihu Garden, Fangong Pavilion, fossil sites, Mount Yi National Forest Park, Mount Qingyun, painted New Year woodcuts from Yangjiabu are also well known. The prefecture-level city of Weifang administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts,6 county-level cities and 2 counties, nearby major cities include Jinan and Zibo to the west, Yantai to the northeast and Qingdao to the southeast. Weifang has a monsoon-influenced, four-season climate, on the borderline between humid continental and humid subtropical, with hot, humid summers, and cold but dry winters. Monthly daily average temperatures range from −2.9 °C in January to 26.2 °C in July, more than 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September, and sunshine is generally abundant year-round. A majority of the precipitation occurs in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 47% in July to 62% in April, established in August 1995, Weifang Binhai Economic & Technological Development Area is a national economic and technological development area approved by the State Council. Covering an area of 677 km2, BEDA has a population of 100,000, BEDA possesses a large state-owned industrial land for use with an area of 400 km2. The land can be transacted conveniently which would guarantee the demand of any project construction, the city is home to the large diesel engine company and factory Weichai. The village of Yangjiabu in Hanting District is famous for folk wood-block print, in the 1980s, a large sapphire mine was discovered in Changle. According to released information, billions of carats of sapphire are estimated to lie under the 450 km2 mine territory and it has become one of the top four sapphire mines in the world. The main feature of this sapphire is the blue or close to black color because of the high iron content. Weifang is headquarters of the 26th Group Army of the Peoples Liberation Army, Kite flying is a traditional custom among the people in Weifang in spring time. In 1984, the first international festival was held in Weifang. More than ten thousand fans attended the opening ceremony
5. Shandong – Shandong is a coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China, and is part of the East China region. Shandongs Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and one of the sites with the longest history of continuous religious worship. The Buddhist temples in the mountains to the south of the capital of Jinan were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China. The city of Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius, and was established as the center of Confucianism. Individually, the two Chinese characters in the name Shandong mean mountain and east, Shandong could hence be translated literally as east of the mountains and refers to the provinces location to the east of the Taihang Mountains. A common nickname for Shandong is Qílǔ, after the States of Qi and Lu that existed in the area during the Spring and Autumn period. Whereas the State of Qi was a power of its era. Lu, however, became renowned for being the home of Confucius, the cultural dominance of the State of Lu heritage is reflected in the official abbreviation for Shandong which is 鲁. English speakers in the 19th century called the province Shan-tung, the province is on the eastern edge of the North China Plain and in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and extends out to sea as the Shandong Peninsula. The earliest dynasties exerted varying degrees of control over western Shandong, over subsequent centuries, the Dongyi were eventually sinicized. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, at this time, Shandong was home to two major states, the state of Qi at Linzi and the state of Lu at Qufu. Lu is noted for being the home of Confucius, the state was, however, comparatively small, and eventually succumbed to the larger state of Chu from the south. The state of Qi was, on the hand, was a major power throughout the period. Cities it ruled included Linzi, Jimo and Ju, the Qin dynasty conquered Qi and founded the first centralized Chinese state in 221 BCE. The Han dynasty that followed created a number of commanderies supervised by two regions in what is now modern Shandong, Qingzhou in the north and Yanzhou in the south, during the division of the Three Kingdoms, Shandong belonged to the Cao Wei, which ruled over northern China. After the Three Kingdoms period, a period of unity under the Western Jin dynasty gave way to invasions by nomadic peoples from the north. Northern China, including Shandong, was overrun, Shandong stayed with the Northern Dynasties for the rest of this period. The Sui dynasty reestablished unity in 589, and the Tang dynasty presided over the golden age of China
6. Provinces of China – Provinces, formally provincial-level administrative divisions or first-level administrative divisions, are the highest-level Chinese administrative divisions. There are 34 such divisions, classified as 23 provinces, four municipalities, five autonomous regions, the Peoples Republic of China claims sovereignty over the territory administered by the Republic of China, claiming most of it as its Taiwan Province. The ROC also administers some offshore islands which form Fujian Province and these were part of an originally unified Fujian province, which since the stalemate of the Chinese Civil War in 1949 has been divided between the PRC and ROC. Note that every province has a Communist Party of China provincial committee, the committee secretary is in effective charge of the province, rather than the nominal governor of the provincial government. The government of each province is nominally led by a provincial committee. The committee secretary is first-in-charge of the province, second-in-command is the governor of the provincial government, the Peoples Republic of China claims the island of Taiwan and its surrounding islets, including Penghu, as Taiwan Province. The territory is controlled by the Republic of China, a municipality or direct-controlled municipality is a higher level of city which is directly under the Chinese government, with status equal to that of the provinces. In practice, their status is higher than that of common provinces. The governor of each region is usually appointed from the respective minority ethnic group. A special administrative region is an autonomous and self-governing subnational subject of the Peoples Republic of China that is directly under the Central Peoples Government. Each SAR has an executive as head of the region. The regions government is not fully independent, as policy and military defence are the responsibility of the central government. Notes,1, as of 20102, per km23, km24, Abbreviation in the parentheses is informal 5, Since founding in 1949, however, the PRC has never controlled Taiwan. Taiwan currently administers Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, the subject of whether or not Taiwan is part of China is often debated, with no clear conclusion. The Ming Dynasty kept the system set up by the Yuan Dynasty, however. By the time of the establishment of the Qing Dynasty in 1644 there were 18 provinces, in addition, there was a zongdu, a general military inspector or governor general, for every two to three provinces. Outer regions of China were not divided into provinces, military leaders or generals oversaw Manchuria, Xinjiang, and Mongolia, while vice-dutong and civilian leaders headed the leagues, a subdivision of Mongolia. The ambans supervised the administration of Tibet, in 1884 Xinjiang became a province, in 1907 Fengtian, Jilin, and Heilongjiang were made provinces as well
7. Jinan – Jinan, formerly romanized as Tsinan, is the capital of Shandong province in Eastern China. The city has held sub-provincial administrative status since 1994, Jinan is often called the Spring City for its famous 72 artesian springs. Its population was 7,067,900 in 2014 with a population of 4,693,700. The modern-day name Jinan literally means south of the Ji and refers to the old Ji River that had flowed to the north of the city until the middle of the 19th century. The Ji River disappeared in 1852 when the Yellow River changed its course northwards, the current pronunciation of the character Ji with the third tone was established in the late 1970s. Prior to this, it was pronounced with the fourth tone, older texts spell the name as Tsinan or Chi-nan. During the times of the Zhou dynasty, the city of Lixia was the settlement in the area. The name Lixia refers to the location of Jinan at the foot of Mount Li, today, Lixia is the name of one of the citys districts. Marco Polo gives a description of Jinan under the name Chingli or Chinangli. 19th and early 20th century texts frequently give the name of the city as Tsinan Fu where the additional Fu comes from the dated Chinese term for a provincial capital. Jinan is also referred to by the nickname City of Springs, because of the artesian springs in the urban city centre. The area of present-day Jinan has been inhabited for more than 4000 years, the Neolithic Longshan Culture was first discovered at the Chéngzǐyá site to the east of Jinan in 1928. One of the features of the Longshan Culture are the intricate wheel-made pottery pieces it produced. Most renowned is the black pottery with wall thicknesses that can go below 1 millimeter. During the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, the area of Jinan was split between two states, the state of Lu in the west and the state of Qi in the east. In 685 BCE, the state of Qi started to build the Great Wall of Qi across Changqing county, portions of the wall still remain today and are accessible as open air museums. Biǎn Què, according to the legend the earliest Chinese physician, Zou Yan, a native of Zhangqiu City, developed the concepts of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements. Joseph Needham, a British sinologist, describes Zou as The real founder of all Chinese scientific thought, during the times of the Han dynasty, Jinan was the capital of the Kingdom of Jibei and evolved into the cultural and economic hub of the region
8. Zhangqiu District – Zhangqiu is a district under the jurisdiction of Jinan, the capital of Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. The district has an area of 1721.29 square kilometers,20 towns,908 villages, with a GDP of 32 billion RMB in 2008, Zhangqiu is ranked 30 among Chinas 100 Most Competitive Counties in 2007. Originally called Zhangqiu County with Mingshui as its capital, Zhangqiu City was established in August 1992, located in central Shandong province, Zhangqiu is 50 kilometers to the east of Jinan, the capital of Shandong province. It is 120 kilometers north from Mount Tai and the Yellow River is the border of Zhangqiu. Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport is situated at Yaoqiang Village of Zhangqiu, Zhangqiu is the hometown of the famous poet Li Qingzhao in the Song Dynasty, and home to Longshan Culture that existed around 2900~2100 BC. Longshan Culture is known for its ceramics and the earliest features to late characterize the Shang civilization, scapulimancy. Zhangqiu is known for its springs and beautiful scenery outside the city of Jinan. The East Jingshi Road and several Province Highways connect Mingshui and Jinan
9. Qingdao – Qingdao is a city in eastern Shandong Province on the east coast of China. It is the largest city in its province, administered at the sub-provincial level, Qingdao has jurisdiction over six districts and four county-level cities. As of 2014 Qingdao had a population of 9,046,200 with a population of 6,188,100. Lying across the Shandong Peninsula and looking out to the Yellow Sea, it borders Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west, qīng in Chinese means cyan or greenish-blue, while dǎo means island. Qingdao is a seaport, naval base, and industrial centre. The worlds longest sea bridge, the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, links the urban area of Qingdao with Huangdao district. It is also the site of the Tsingtao Brewery, the second largest brewery in China, in 2007, Qingdao was named as among Chinas top ten cities by the Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum. In 2009, Qingdao was named Chinas most livable city by the Chinese Institute of City Competitiveness, jiāoào, former name during the Qing dynasty. Qindao, additional modern name for the area, refers according to locals to the shape of the coastline, Tsingtao, Postal romanization Tsingtau, German name during the concession period, written in German romanization of Chinese. Jiaozhou, a name which refers to the Jiaozhou Bay. Kiaochow, Kiauchau, Kiautschou, romanizations of Jiaozhou, human settlement in the area dates back 6,000 years. The Dongyi nationality, one of the important origins of the Chinese nation, lived here and created the Dawenkou, Longshan, in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the town of Jimo was established, which was then the second largest one in the Shandong region. The area in which Qingdao is located today was named Jiaoao when it was administered by the Qing Dynasty on 14 June 1891, in 1891, the Qing government decided to make coastal Tsingtao a defense base against naval attack and began to improve Qingdaos existing fortifications. German naval officials observed and reported on this Chinese activity during a survey of Jiaozhou Bay in May 1897. Subsequently, German troops seized and occupied the fortification, China conceded the area to Germany the following year, and the Kiautschou Bay concession, as it became known, existed from 1898 to 1914. With an area of 552 square kilometres, it was located in the province of Shandong on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in northern China. Jiaozhou was romanized as Kiaochow, Kiauchau or Kiao-Chau in English, the so-called Marktstrasse was nothing more than the old main street of the Chinese village of Tsingtao, and the buildings lining it were the former homes of fishermen and farmers. Having sold their property, they resettled their homes and fields in the further east
10. Shinan District – Shinan District is an urban district of Qingdao, Shandong. It has an area of 30.01 square kilometres and had approximately 527,000 inhabitants as of 2007, Shinan is located in coastal hilled terrain, and has a temperate monsoon climate. Common features include moderate temperatures, moist air, abundant rainfall and it is notable for its early 20th-century German architecture, unusual in Chinese cities. In the mid-19th century the European powers forcibly opened China to foreign trade, Germany acquired the Kiautschou Bay concession from China in 1898, and substantially developed a fishing village they spelled Tsingtao. The area built by the Germans falls into the part of Qingdao known today as Shinan District, Shinan is a center for political, business and finance activities, and is home to investment from an increasing number of Fortune 500 companies. To facilitate urban planning, it is divided into a number of areas, including a port and logistics area, tourism area, software/IT area, high-end retail area, Shinan is home to the Qingdao International Sailing Centre, a world-class sailing marina constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics. It hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Sailing competitions and it has also hosted a leg of the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race each year since 2005. After Chinas defeat in the First Opium War, the country was opened to foreign trade by a number of treaties collectively referred to as the Unequal Treaties. Following the Treaty of Nanjing, the British established the first treaty ports, following Chinas concession to the British Empire, other foreign powers including France, the United States, Portugal, Germany, Japan, and Russia won concessions as well. Foreigners, who were centered in foreign sections of the cities, foreign clubs, racecourses, and churches were established in major treaty ports. Some of these areas were directly leased by foreign powers, such as the concessions in China. In the early 1890s, the German Empire had been considering occupying Jiaozhou Bay for building its first naval base in East Asia in order to expand into the interior of Shandong. In 1891 the Qing government decided to make Qingdao defensible against naval attack, German naval officials observed and reported on this Chinese activity during a formal survey of Jiaozhou Bay in May 1897. In November 1897, the German Navy seized Jiaozhou Bay under the pretext of ensuring that reparations were paid for the murder of two German Catholic missionaries in the province, the Kiautschou Bay concession, as it became known, existed from 1898 to 1914. With an area of 552 square kilometres, it was located in the province of Shandong on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in northern China. Having sold their property, they resettled their homes and fields in the further east. The buildings were built in a European style and this area is what later became Shinan District. The territory reverted to Chinese control in 1922, the Japanese reoccupied Qingdao in January 1938 after the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War
11. Laoshan District – Laoshan District is an urban district of Qingdao, Shandong. It has an area of 858 square kilometres and had approximately 379,500 inhabitants as of 2010 and it is home to Mount Lao, which gave the district its name. Laoshan District is located in the south of the Shandong Peninsula, facing the Yellow Sea in the east and it covers 858 km2 with 103.7 km2 of coastline. The mountain ranges of Laoshan cover most of the part of the district. The district belongs to north temperature zone, with a temperate climate. There is neither intense heat in summer nor severe cold in winter, most of the district is highland with the average altitude of 55m and surface water of 3m. There is abundant high quality ground water, in fact, Laoshan mineral water is renowned and sold China-wide. Natural resources are abundant, with granite being the prevalent mineral in the area, Laoshan District is home to several Hi-tech industries, tourism and a large service-based industry. In terms of Hi-Tech, the focus is laid on IT, Software, Marine Biological Pharmacy, emphasis has been put on sustainable development and green technology, taking advantage of the still-intact mountain forests and the seaside. The Qingdao International Convention And Exhibition Center with an area of 250,000 m2 is currently remains the largest venue for exhibition and convention purposes in Shandong province. It was put into use in April,2001 and ever since has marked a rapid development phase of Qingdao exhibition and convention economy. Tourism is also essential to the district, with a variety of recreational, ecological, seaside sight-seeing tourism facilities including the Polar Ocean World. The main tourist attraction within the district is Mount Lao itself, with about 176,000 tourists visiting during the 2012 Golden Week. Other tourist destinations include the Qingdao Museum （青岛市博物馆）, Haier Museum, Qingdao Grand Theatre, Laoshan District is home to over 65 schools and institutions of higher education. Peoples Government of Laoshan District, Qingdao City website
12. Chengyang District – Chengyang is a district of Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples Republic of China. It has an area of 553.2 square kilometres and around 740,000 inhabitants, the district is located at the northern outskirts of Qingdao City proper. Qingdao Liuting Airport is located near the area of the district. Chengyang includes mountainous areas and plains and features sizable agriculture, Qingdao Airlines has its headquarters in the district. Malvern College Qingdao is located in this district
13. Prefecture-level city – Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative structure. Administrative chiefs of prefectural level cities generally have the rank as a division chief of a national ministry. Since the 1980s, most former prefectures have been renamed into prefectural level cities, a prefectural level city is a city and prefecture that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction. The larger prefectural level cities span over 100 kilometres, prefectural level cities nearly always contain multiple counties, county level cities, and other such sub-divisions. To distinguish a prefectural level city from its urban area. The first prefectural level cities were created on 5 November 1983, over the following two decades, prefectural level cities have come to replace the vast majority of Chinese prefectures, the process is still ongoing. Most provinces are composed entirely or nearly entirely of prefectural level cities, shijiazhuang and Zhengzhou are the largest prefectural level cities with populations approaching or exceeding some sub-provincial cities. A sub-prefecture-level city is a city with powers approaching those of prefectural level cities. There are total of three classification of prefecture-level city, Regular prefectural level city which consist of counties, county level cities, consolidated district-governed prefectural level city which only consist of districts as it subdivisions. Thus, Bloomington, Indiana is indicated on the map by a point, which is distinct from, and enclosed by, in China, however, large cities such as City of Xianning may, in reality, contain both urban and rural elements. Moreover, they may enclose counties or other cities, on a less detailed map, City of Xianning would be indicated by a point, more or less corresponding to the coordinates of its city government. Other populous areas may also be exhibited as points, such as County of Tongshan, with no indication that County of Tongshan is, in fact, enclosed by City of Xianning. On a more detailed map, City of Xianning would be drawn as an area, similar to a county of the United States and this convention may lead to difficulty in the identification of places mentioned in older sources. For example, Guo Moruo writes that he was born in Town of Shawan, within Prefecture of Leshan, and attended primary school in Town of Jiading. A modern map is unlikely to show either town, Shawan, because it is too small, and Jiading, because it is the seat of City of Leshan, and is therefore indicated on the map by a point labelled Leshan. A more detailed map would show Shawan as a district within City of Leshan, statistics of China such as population and industrial activity are generally reported along prefectural city lines. Thus, the relatively unknown City of Huangshi has 2.5 million residents, more than most European capitals, but upon closer inspection, furthermore, Huangshi contains several other cities, such as City of Daye. If a person wished to calculate the population of the area of Huangshi, and had a map of Huangshi, and a table of its population by district
14. Zibo – Zibo is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, China. It borders the capital of Jinan to the west, Laiwu and Taian to the southwest, Linyi to the south, Weifang to the east, Dongying to the northeast. Located in the centre of Shandong, Zibo is an important transportation hub, Zibo governs 5 districts and each of these districts has a distinct downtown area of its own. The T-shaped city has an area of 5,938 km2, including the counties of Huantai, Gaoqing. Zibo was the centre of the ancient State of Qi, whose capital Linzi was the most populous city in the east about 3000 years ago, Zibo is the birthplace of ancient football Cuju, which according to FIFA, was the earliest form of the sport. Pu Songling, a writer of the Qing Dynasty, is one of the most famous people from Zibo. As the birthplace of Qi culture along with its abundance in natural resources, manufacturing holds an important place of the citys economy, in particular ceramics manufacturing. Other key industries include the industry, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, construction materials, machinery. High and new-technology industries, such as new materials, fine chemicals, electronics and information, in 2009, the city received the award of Best 10 Harmonious Cities that enjoy Sustainable Development in China. Zibo is considered as one of the birthplaces of the Han Chinese, the remains of three major Neolithic cultures in ancient China, Beixin culture, Dawenkou culture, and Longshan culture have been found in Zibo. Zibo was once the capital of the ancient State of Qi, the most prosperous state during the Spring and Autumn, the culture and education undertakings were rather developed in Qi. Both poetry and music were at a high level, Linzi remained its capital for as long as 638 years, and was the biggest city in East Asia. As the birthplace of the Qi Culture, Zibo has many scenic spots. All of them exemplify the past prosperity of the Qi State, the ancient city of Qi was one of the first places that was assigned to be a cultural relics site in China so it has been protected from demolition ever since. As such, it is rich in relics and historical sites and is referred to as the Underground Museum. Zibo made significant contributions to the formation and prosperity of the Silk Road, Zibo was one of the biggest suppliers of silk products. Zhoucun, one of the townships in Zibo, was considered one of the four dry ports during that period alongside Foshan, Jingdezhen, the major trade streets such as Dajie, Sishijie, Yinzijie are well preserved to this date. In 2004, FIFA President Sepp Blatter visited Zibo to celebrate FIFAs 100th year anniversary, FIFA has since then recognized the city as the birthplace of football
15. Zichuan District – The Zichuan District is one of eight divisions within the city of Zibo in the Chinese province of Shandong. As the largest district of Zibo, it is composed of an urban zone of over 23 square kilometers and 17 towns that administer vast rural areas up to nearly 1,000 square kilometers. Initially founded in Han Dynasty, which dates back to 1,800 years ago, Zichuan has become an important industrial center not only in Zibo, the downtown area has an estimated population of 20,000 while the total population of Zichuan District is over 670,000. South in Zichuan are twisting mountains which belong to part of the range of Shandong Hills, during the first years of West Han Dynasty, Zichuan was set up with its Panyang as its first name as a county. Panyang means south of River Pan, Zichuan City was once a stone-walled city with four big gates in the Ming Dynasty and extended to its present scale mainly in the recent decades. Zichuan is also a name connected to river, zi is a might river miles away to the west, and Chuan is river in Chinese. After thousands of years slow development relying on agriculture, Zichuan had undergone an economic breakthrough since the discovery of its coal resource, the years when China was under colonial invasion a century ago the 1800s, it was the German who start dig coals first. Following the foundation of new China, or the Peoples Republic of China, in 1956, under the jurisdiction of Zichuan City, four street offices are set to take charge of the citizens daily affairs such as education, sanitation and community services. Usually, the city is divided into areas, Nanguan, Beiguan, Dongguan, Xiguan, Hongshan, Chengnan, Huangjiapu. Well-known landmarks of Zichuan City include Middle Streets, Liuquan Square, Lake Liuxian, Zichuan Garments Town, Liaozhai Town, Zichuan has a typical economic structure of heavily industrialized zones. In 2008, Proportion of the first industry, the second industry, total GDP the year is 25.85 billion Yuan. The large concentration of architectural ceramics of Zichuan make 60% of the output of Zibos ceramics industry. They also count for 30% of the GDP in Zichuan, Zichuan also boasts for Zichuan Garments Town-one of Chinas biggest cloths markets. An annual Domestic trading expo of quite large scale is held within the market, the cost living of Zichuan and the whole Zibo area is among the lowest in East China-the most prosperous region in China. Housing costs are still on a level along of the development of the economy. Housing prices of it is the third or fourth-highest of the five districts in Zibo
16. Zaozhuang – Zaozhuang is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. The second smallest prefecture-level city in the province, only bigger than Laiwu, it borders Jining to the west and north, Linyi to the east, and the province of Jiangsu to the south. Its population is 3,729,140 at the 2010 census whom 899,753 in the area made of Shizhong and Yicheng districts. The prefecture-level city of Zaozhuang administers 6 county-level divisions, including 5 districts and 1 county-level city, beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway and Beijing-shanghai railway locates Zaozhuang and zaozhuang west station, and zaolin railway is on operation from May 15,2016 connecting with yanri railway. Beijing Fuzhou highway also cross the region north to south. Micius, Warring States era philosopher and thinker Zaozhuang City
17. Dongying – Dongying, a prefecture-level city, lies on the northern coast of Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. At the 2010 census,2,035,338 people resided within its area of 7,923.26 km2 and 998,968 in the built-up area made up of Dongying district. Dongying is home to the Shengli Oilfield which after the Daqing oilfield is the second largest oilfield in China, the city was established in 1983, as a base for developing the Yellow River Delta and Chinas second largest oilfield, Shengli Field. The oilfield was discovered in 1964 near a village called Dongying. Dongying is located on the banks of the Yellow River Delta of Northern Shandong Province, the citys 350 km coastline borders Laizhou Bay and Bohai Bay to the east and north respectively. Dongying has a monsoon-influenced, four-season climate that lies in the transition between the continental and humid subtropical regimes, with hot, humid summers, and cold. The city is dry and nearly rainless in spring, hot and rainy in summer, crisp in autumn and dry and cold in winter. The average annual temperature is 13.1 °C, and the precipitation is 559 millimetres, with a strong summer maximum. January is the coldest and driest month, with a temperature of −2.6 °C and 5.5 mm of equivalent rainfall. July is the hottest and wettest month, the numbers are 26.8 °C. A large part of the economy revolves around petroleum and the nearby Shengli Oil Field. Dongying is one of the leading producers of rubber tires. It has more tire factories than any city in the world. Recently, Dongyings economy has grown significantly, reflecting the development of Chinas economy. The citys growing manufacturing sector and its proximity to oil reserves have led to increased company investments, an example is DuPont, which invested 5 billion yuan in 2005 to build a titanium dioxide factory in the area. After this projects completion, it became the largest investment outside of the US for DuPont, zibo–Dongying Railway Dongying Shengli Airport A new bus station was built between the east and west sides of the city, on Huanghe Road. Connections to Beijing, Qingdao and Jinan, among other cities are available on a daily basis. Dongying is home to one university, the China University of Petroleum, as well as several colleges