1.
Jon Hamm
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Jonathan Daniel Jon Hamm is an American actor, director, and television producer best known for playing advertising executive Don Draper for the AMC television drama series, Mad Men. For much of the mid-1990s, he lived in Los Angeles, making appearances in television series Providence, The Division, What About Brian, during 2000, he made his feature movie debut in the space adventure movie Space Cowboys. The next year, he had a role in the independent comedy. He gained wide recognition when Mad Men began broadcast during July 2007 and he directed two episodes of the show. During 2008, Hamm appeared in a remake of the science fiction movie The Day The Earth Stood Still and his first leading movie role was in the 2010 independent thriller Stolen. He also had supporting roles in the movies The Town, Sucker Punch, Hamm has received 16 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in Mad Men,30 Rock, and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. His other television credits include featuring in the Sky Arts series A Young Doctors Notebook and guest roles in Parks and Recreation and Wet Hot American Summer, First Day of Camp. He provided his voice to the animated movie Shrek Forever After during 2010, Hamm was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Deborah and Daniel Hamm. His father managed a family trucking company, and his mother was a secretary and he is of German, English, and Irish descent, his surname originates with German immigrants. Hamms parents divorced when he was two old, and he lived in Missouri in Creve Coeur with his mother until her death from colon cancer. Hamm then lived with his father and his first acting role was as Winnie the Pooh for first grade. At 16, he was cast as Judas for the play Godspell and he attended John Burroughs School, a private school in Ladue, where he was a member of the football, baseball, and swim teams. During this time, he dated future actress Sarah Clarke and his father died when Jon was 20. After graduation during 1989, Hamm enrolled at the University of Texas, there, Hamm was arrested for participating with a violent hazing incident that occurred during November 1990, involving another student, Mark Sanders. Sanders was beaten with a paddle and a broom, while Hamm was leading him around the fraternity house, the incident resulted in the fraternity being ended on campus. Hamm completed the terms of a deferred adjudication, and the charges were dismissed during August 1995, Hamm then enrolled at the University of Missouri. At Missouri he answered an advertisement from a company seeking players for a production of A Midsummer Nights Dream, auditioned. Other roles followed, such as Leon Czolgosz in Assassins, after graduating during 1993 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English, Hamm returned to his high school to teach eighth-grade acting
Jon Hamm
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At Paley Center in 2014
Jon Hamm
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Hamm in November 2008
Jon Hamm
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Hamm with former partner
Jennifer Westfeldt at the
60th Primetime Emmy Awards, 2008
Jon Hamm
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Hamm on the set of
The Town in September 2009.
2.
Charlie Brooker
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Charlton Charlie Brooker is an English satirist and broadcaster. He is the creator of the anthology series Black Mirror and he also wrote a five-part horror drama, Dead Set, which was nominated for the 2009 Best Drama Serial BAFTA. He has written comment pieces for The Guardian and is one of four directors of the production company Zeppotron. Brookers style of humour is acerbic, profane, and often controversial with surreal elements, Brooker was born in Reading, Berkshire, and grew up in the village of Brightwell-cum-Sotwell, Oxfordshire. He was raised in a relaxed Quaker household and he first worked as a writer and cartoonist for Oink. A comic produced in the late 1980s, after attending Wallingford School, he attended the Polytechnic of Central London, studying for a BA in Media Studies. He claims that he did not graduate because his dissertation was written on video games, Brooker wrote for PC Zone magazine in the mid-1990s. In February 1998, one of Brookers one-shot cartoons caused the magazine to be pulled from the shelves of many British newsagents. It was accompanied by photoshopped pictures of children smashing the skulls of monkeys with hammers, jumping on a badger with a pitchfork, in October 2008, Brooker and several other ex-writers were invited back to review a game for the 200th issue. Brooker began writing a TV review column titled Screen Burn for The Guardian newspapers Saturday entertainment supplement The Guide in 2000, a role he continued through to October 2010. From late 2005, he wrote a series of columns in The Guardian supplement G2 on Fridays called Supposing. The key theme behind Ignopedia was that, while Wikipedia is written and edited by thousands of users and he has since commented about the remark in the column stating, Brooker left the Screen Burn column in 2010. Longtime covering contributor Grace Dent took over the column and he continued to contribute other articles to The Guardian on a regular basis, his most recent comment column appearing in May 2015. In 2012 he contributed to the book Behind the Sofa, Celebrity Memories of Doctor Who, a print adaptation of the site was published by Fourth Estate in 2001. A TV sketch show based on the site was broadcast on UK digital station E4 the same year, in May 2012, Brooker was interviewed for Richard Herrings Leicester Square Theatre Podcast series. From 1999 to 2000, Brooker played hooded expert the Pundit in the short-lived show Games Republic, hosted by Trevor and Simon on BSkyB. In 2000, Brooker was one of the writers of the Channel 4 show The 11 OClock Show and a co-host on BBC Knowledges The Kit, in 2001, he was one of several writers on Channel 4s Brass Eye special on the subject of paedophilia. In 2003, Brooker wrote an episode entitled How to Watch Television for Channel 4s The Art Show, the episode was presented in the style of a public information film and was partly animated
Charlie Brooker
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Brooker at the 2011
Royal Television Society Awards
3.
Rafe Spall
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Rafe Joseph Spall is an English actor. He is best known for his roles in The Shadow Line, Pete versus Life, One Day, Anonymous, Prometheus, Life of Pi, Spall was born at Kings College Hospital in Camberwell, London, the second of three children of Shane and actor Timothy Spall. Named after the protagonist in The Knight of the Burning Pestle, having achieved poor grades at his school, Haberdashers Askes Hatcham College, he left to become an actor and joined the National Youth Theatre after failing to get into his chosen drama schools. Spall has frequently collaborated with Edgar Wright, appearing in his films Shaun of the Dead, Hot Fuzz and The Worlds End alongside Simon Pegg, Spall was also featured in Wrights segment in the 2007 Quentin Tarantino and Robert Rodriguez film Grindhouse. In 2007 he performed for the first time with his father in the ITV adaptation of A Room with a View playing father and son. In 2012, Spall portrayed Canadian author Yann Martel in the Academy Award-winning drama film Life of Pi, directed by Ang Lee and starring Suraj Sharma, the film was a critical and financial success, winning four Academy Awards and making over $600 million at the box office. In 2013, he played the husband in I Give It a Year. In 2014, Spall appeared in the coming-of-age drama X+Y, alongside Asa Butterfield and Sally Hawkins, also that year, Spall played Harry Price in Harry Price, Ghost Hunter, ITVs adaptation of Neil Springs debut novel, The Ghost Hunters. The film aired on ITV1 on 27 December, Spall is due to portray a new character in the fifth installment of Steven Spielbergs Jurassic Park series, which is currently being helmed by The Impossible director J. A. Spall claims to have struggled with his weight, going up to 114 kg. Like his father, he is a keen supporter of Crystal Palace. He is a patron of the Actors Centre, in February 2008, Spall met actress Elize du Toit through friends at a bar in London. They were married on 14 August 2010 and live in West Kensington, London and they have two children, a daughter named Lena and a son named Rex. co
Rafe Spall
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Spall in 2011
4.
Oona Chaplin
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Oona Castilla Chaplin is a Spanish actress. She is the daughter of Geraldine Chaplin, the granddaughter of English film star Charlie Chaplin, and she is known for playing Marnie Madden in The Hour, Talisa Maegyr in the HBO TV series Game of Thrones, Kitty Trevelyan in The Crimson Field and Zilpha Geary in Taboo. Oona Chaplin was born in Madrid to Anglo-American actress Geraldine Chaplin and Chilean cinematographer Patricio Castilla and she spent her childhood mostly in Spain, Great Britain, Switzerland, and Cuba, but also travelled often because of her mothers film career. She started dancing ballet, salsa and flamenco at an early age, when Chaplin was fifteen, she began studying at Gordonstoun School in Scotland on a drama scholarship. After leaving Gordonstoun, she was accepted to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, since graduating from RADA, Chaplin has acted in mainly British and Spanish short and feature films. She has played alongside her mother in three films, Inconceivable, ¿Para qué sirve un oso. and Imago Mortis. Chaplin has also had supporting roles in British and American television. She plays Kitty Trevelyan, a character, in the BBC drama The Crimson Field and Ruth Levinson, wife of Ira Levinson. Chaplin stars as Zilpha Geary in the historical fiction series Taboo on BBC One. Oona Chaplin at the Internet Movie Database Oona Chaplin at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts
Oona Chaplin
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Chaplin in 2012
5.
Natalia Tena
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Natalia Gastiain Tena is an English actress and musician. She played Nymphadora Tonks in the Harry Potter film series, Tena is the lead singer and accordionist of Molotov Jukebox. The band released their debut album Carnival Flower, in Spring 2014 and their second studio album, Tropical Gypsy, was released on April 15,2016 and was preceded by its lead single, Pineapple Girl. It was promoted on the bands Tropical Gypsy Tour in April, Natalia Gastiain Tena was born in London, the daughter of Spanish parents María, a secretary, and Jesús, a carpenter. She is of Extremaduran descent on her mothers side and Basque descent on her fathers side and she is fluent in Spanish and Basque. She studied at the school, Bedales. Tena was taught the piano by her mother at five years old, afterwards, at 18, Natalia moved back to London and busked on the London Underground. While working with a group called KneeHigh, where they were allowed to pick an instrument to play. Natalia made her debut as Ellie in About a Boy. She has played roles in stage adaptations of Gone to Earth in 2004. In 2007, Natalia appeared in the adaptation of Harry Potter. Natalia reprised this role in its sequels Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, in 2009, Harry Potter, in 2011 she played a lead role in the Scottish Film You Instead. She also appears as Osha in HBOs Game of Thrones, in March 2013, she starred in the official music video for Lapaluxs single Without You. In 2015, Natalia starred as the lead, Jennifer Preston, Tena dated her fellow band member, Sam Apley, upon getting to know him through their common interest in the book Neverwhere. Tena was in a band, Nat Jenkins, but later left to form her current band with her boyfriend and she is close friends with Oona Chaplin. Natalia Tena at the Internet Movie Database
Natalia Tena
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Tena in 2012
Natalia Tena
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Tena at one of her band's concerts in 2013
6.
Janet Montgomery
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Janet Ruth Montgomery is an English film and TV actress. She recently played protagonist Martina Garretti in the short-lived Made in Jersey, as of 2014, she stars as the lead character, Mary Sibley, in the WGN America series, Salem. She is also known for her role as the mother of Gardner Elliot, although trained as a dancer at the Stella Mann College of Performing Arts, Bedford, Montgomery chose to pursue acting rather than dance professionally. Her lack of school training made it difficult for her to obtain acting representation initially. She achieved her breakthrough after producing a play with her friend Gethin Anthony, in 2008, Montgomery was cast as the love interest of the character Tony Stonem in an episode of the teenage drama Skins. She also appeared in both the TV movie Dis/Connected and the short film Flushed and that same year Montgomery also signed on to play Paul Rudds love interest in Our Idiot Brother. After seeing her audition tape in Los Angeles, producers worked around her schedule on Entourage and this was her first comedy movie and one in which she received rave reviews. Barely recognisable and improvising in an American accent paved the way for her offer from Human Target producers for the role of Ames. In December 2011, Montgomery starred as Princess Mithian, a love interest of King Arthur, in Series 4 Episode 11 of Merlin, in 2012, Montgomery played the lead role in the CBS television series Made in Jersey. The series was cancelled two episodes aired. Despite the early cancellation, Montgomery received huge compliments and a career boost from the short lived series, Two new episodes aired on 22 December 2012. Montgomery attracted the attention of Stephen Poliakoff via a tape she sent to casting director Andy Pryor for the role of Sarah in Dancing on the Edge. Poliakoff was impressed and offered her the job via Skype, the five-part miniseries aired 4 February 2013 on BBC Two. She also played opposite David Tennant in BBC Fours Spies of Warsaw and she played Grace Van Helsing, the prodigal daughter who returns to run the family newspaper in the unsold ABC pilot Gothica. Actor Chris Egan plays her love interest, the character Dorian Gray, in December 2014, The Hollywood Reporter announced Montgomery was cast to star as a prostitute in the comedy Amateur Night alongside Jason Biggs. In October 2016, Montgomery started recurring in NBCs This Is Us, Montgomery was born in Bournemouth, England. Her uncle was bass player Mike Monty Montgomery of Zoot Moneys Big Roll Band, janet Montgomery at the Internet Movie Database
Janet Montgomery
–
Montgomery at
WonderCon, April 2015
7.
Science fiction on television
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Science fiction first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality. The combination of initial cost and lower maintenance cost pushed producers into building these techniques into the basic concept of a series. The broad term special effects includes all the techniques here, visual effects involve photographic or digital manipulation of the onscreen image, usually done in post-production. Mechanical or physical effects involve props, pyrotechnics, and other methods used during principal photography itself. Some effects involved a combination of techniques, a ray gun might require a pyrotechnic during filming, stunts are another important category of physical effects. In general, all kinds of special effects must be planned during pre-production. Babylon 5 was the first series to use computer-generated imagery, or CGI, for all exterior space scenes, the technology has made this more practical, so that today models are rarely used. In the 1990s, CGI required expensive processors and customized applications, models have been an essential tool in science fiction television since the beginning, when Buck Rogers took flight in spark-scattering spaceships wheeling across a matte backdrop sky. The original Star Trek required an array of models, the USS Enterprise had to be built in several different scales for different needs. Gerry Anderson created a series of using puppets living in a universe of models and miniature sets. ALF depicted an alien living in a family, while Farscape included two puppets as regular characters, in Stargate SG-1, the Asgard characters are puppets in scenes where they are sitting, standing, or lying down. As animation is completely free of the constraints of gravity, momentum, in general, science fiction series are subject to the same financial constraints as other television shows. However, high production costs increase the risk, while limited audiences further complicate the business case for continuing production. Star Trek was the first television series to cost more than $100,000 per episode, while Star Trek and this enabled merchandising such as toy lines, animated cartoon adaptations, and other licensing. Creative settings also often call for broader story arcs than is found in mainstream television. Science fiction television producers will sometimes end a season with a cliffhanger episode to attract viewer interest. Dark Angel is one of many shows ending with a scene that left critical questions open when the series was cancelled
Science fiction on television
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A scene from the early American science fiction television program
Captain Video which aired from 1949 to 1955.
Science fiction on television
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Robot characters from the Japanese science fiction television series
Ganbare!! Robocon were used to decorate this train car.
Science fiction on television
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Fans at a science fiction convention dressed as characters from
Star Trek
8.
Anthology series
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An anthology series is a radio or television series that presents a different story and a different set of characters in each episode or season/series. Some anthology series, such as Studio One, began on radio, many popular old-time radio programs were anthology series. On some series, such as Inner Sanctum Mysteries, the constant was the host. One of the earliest such programs was The Collier Hour, broadcast on the NBC Blue Network from 1927 to 1932, as radios first major dramatic anthology, it adapted stories and serials from Colliers Weekly in a calculated move to increase subscriptions and compete with The Saturday Evening Post. Weird The Haunting Hour The Sealed Book Mystery in the Air The Weird Circle Quiet, the stars would own the studio and the program, as Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz had done successfully with Desilu studio. Powell had intended for the program to feature himself, Charles Boyer, Joel McCrea, when Russell and McCrea backed out, David Niven came on board as the third star. The fourth star was initially a guest star, CBS liked the idea, and Four Star Playhouse made its debut in fall of 1952. It ran on alternate weeks only during the first season, alternating with Amos n Andy and it was successful enough to be renewed and became a weekly program from the second season until the end of its run in 1956. Ida Lupino was brought on board as the de facto fourth star, though unlike Powell, Boyer, American television networks would sometimes run summer anthology series which consisted of unsold television pilots. Beginning in 1971, the long-run Masterpiece Theatre drama anthology series brought British productions to American television. k. a. Billy Roses Playbill Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre The Bold Ones Broadway Television Theatre Buick-Electra Playhouse Cameo Theatre Camera Three The Campbell Playhouse, Campbell Soundstage and Campbell Summer Soundstage Cavalcade of America CBS Playhouse CBS Summer Playhouse CBS Television Workshop CBS Workshop, a. k. a. CBS Repertoire Workshop Celanese Theatre Celebrity Playhouse Center Stage Cheer Television Theatre The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre a. k. a, Chevrolet on Broadway Chevron Hall of Stars Chevron Theatre Climax. Gruen Guild Theatre The Gulf Playhouse Hallmark Hall of Fame Hollywood Opening Night Hollywood Premiere Theatre, Hollywood Theatre Time International Playhouse John Waters Presents Movies That Will Corrupt You The Joseph Cotten Show, a. k. a. k. a. Max Liebman Presents Medallion Theatre, a. k. a, grimms Fairy Tale Classics Happily Ever After, Fairy Tales for Every Child The Harveytoons Show KaBlam. Late Night, Black and White Legends of Bikini Bottom Liquid Television The Looney Tunes Show Mickey Mouse Works Mickeys Mouse Tracks O Canada Off the Air Oh Yeah. Cartoons The Pink Panther Show The Popeye Show The Porky Pig Show Princes et princesses Random. M. k. a. Terribles House of Horrible The Eddie Cantor Comedy Theatre El Chapulín Colorado Ripping Yarns George Burns Comedy Week Good Heavens Human Remains Inside No. k. a. k. a. k. a. k. a, orson Welles Great Mysteries Out of the Fog Panic. Way of Life Family Theater Insight Lamp Unto My Feet Look Up, the Fisher Family Alcoa Presents, One Step Beyond Amazing Stories American Horror Story Are You Afraid of the Dark. L. k. a
Anthology series
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Lux Radio Theater ad art Joan Crawford
Anthology series
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Nelson Olmsted of NBC's Sleep No More fantasy series.
9.
Channel 4
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Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, before Channel 4 and S4C, Britain had three terrestrial television services, BBC1, BBC2, and ITV. The Broadcasting Act 1980 began the process of adding a fourth, after some months of test broadcasts, it began scheduled transmissions on 2 November 1982. Indeed, television sets throughout the 1970s and early 1980s had a spare channel called ITV/IBA2. It was most likely politics which had the biggest impact in leading to a delay of almost three decades before the commercial channel became a reality. The campaign was taken so seriously by Gwynfor Evans, former president of Plaid Cymru, the result was that Channel 4 as seen by the rest of the United Kingdom would be replaced in Wales by Sianel Pedwar Cymru. Operated by a specially created authority, S4C would air programmes in Welsh made by HTV, since then, carriage on digital cable, satellite and digital terrestrial has introduced Channel 4 to Welsh homes where it is now universally available. The first programme to air on the channel was the game show Countdown. The first person to be seen on Channel 4 was Richard Whiteley with Ted Moult being the second, the first woman on the channel, contrary to popular belief, was not Carol Vorderman and was a lexicographer only ever identified as Mary. Whiteley opened the show with the words, On its first day, Channel 4 also broadcast controversial soap opera Brookside, which ran until 2003. On its launch, Channel 4 committed itself to providing an alternative to the existing channels, Channel 4 co-commissioned Robert Ashleys ground-breaking television opera Perfect Lives, which it premiered over several episodes in 1984. The channel often did not receive mass audiences for much of period, however. Channel 4 for many years had a poorer quality signal compared to other channels, Channel 4 also began the funding of independent films, such as the Merchant-Ivory docudrama The Courtesans of Bombay, during this time. In 1992, Channel 4 also faced its first libel case by Jani Allan, a South African journalist, who objected to her representation in the documentary The Leader, His Driver and the Drivers Wife. After control of the station passed from the Channel Four Television Company to the Channel Four Television Corporation in 1993, instead of aiming for the fringes of society, it began to focus on the edges of the mainstream, and the centre of the mass market itself. It began to show many US programmes in peak viewing time and it gave such shows as Friends and ER their UK premières. In the early 2000s, Channel 4 began broadcasting reality formats such as Big Brother and obtained the rights to broadcast mass appeal sporting events like cricket and this new direction increased ratings and revenues. In addition, the corporation launched a number of new channels through its new 4Ventures offshoot, including Film4, At the Races, E4
Channel 4
–
Channel 4
10.
Netflix
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Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California. It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail, in 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production, as well as online distribution. As of 2017 the company has its headquarters in Los Gatos, Netflixs initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflixs founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business. In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD, Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, House of Cards. It has greatly expanded the production of film and television series since then, offering Netflix Original content through its online library of films. Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, in January 2017, Netflix reported having over 93 million subscribers worldwide, including more than 49 million in the United States. Netflix was founded on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California, by Marc Randolph, Randolph worked as marketing director for Hastings company, Pure Atria Corporation. Randolph was a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a mail order company. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to Rational Software Corporation in 1997 for $700 million in what was then the richest acquisition in Silicon Valley history. Hastings, Randolphs mother and Integrity QA founder Steve Kahn invested $2.5 million in cash for Netflix. Randolph admired the fledgling e-commerce company Amazon and wanted to find a category of portable items to sell over the internet using a similar model. He and Hastings considered and rejected VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship. When they heard about DVDs, which were available in only a few markets in 1997, when the disc arrived intact, they decided to take on the $16 billion home video sales and rental industry. Netflix introduced the monthly subscription concept in September 1999, and then dropped the model in early 2000. Since that time, the company has built its reputation on the model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees. In 2000, Netflix offered to be acquired by Blockbuster for $50 million, Netflix initiated an initial public offering on May 29,2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at the price of US$15.00 per share. On June 14,2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during fiscal year 2003, in 2005,35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day
Netflix
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Netflix headquarters in Los Gatos.
Netflix
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Example of a Netflix DVD rental of
Kill Bill. Discs are returned in the same envelopes they are sent to customers.
Netflix
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Netflixenvelope
11.
Christmas Day
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In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family. Although the month and date of Jesus birth are unknown, by the fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar and this is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Although it is not known why December 25 became a date of celebration, December 25 was the date the Romans marked as the winter solstice, the shortest, and therefore darkest day of the year. Jesus was identified with the Sun based on an Old Testament verse, the date is exactly nine months following Annunciation, when the conception of Jesus is celebrated. Finally, the Romans had a series of pagan festivals near the end of the year, so Christmas may have been scheduled at this time to appropriate, or compete with, one or more of these festivals. The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian, the economic impact of Christmas has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world. Christmas is a form of Christs mass. It is derived from the Middle English Cristemasse, which is from Old English Crīstesmæsse, crīst is from Greek Khrīstos, a translation of Hebrew Māšîaḥ, Messiah, meaning anointed, and mæsse is from Latin missa, the celebration of the Eucharist. The form Christenmas was also used, but is now considered archaic and dialectal, it derives from Middle English Cristenmasse. In addition to Christmas, the holiday has been known by other names throughout its history. The Anglo-Saxons referred to the feast as midwinter, or, more rarely, Nativity, meaning birth, is from Latin nātīvitās. In Old English, Gēola referred to the corresponding to December and January. Noel entered English in the late 14th century and is from the Old French noël or naël, itself ultimately from the Latin nātālis, the canonical gospels of Luke and Matthew both describe Jesus as being born in Bethlehem in Judea, to a virgin mother. In the Gospel of Luke account, Joseph and Mary travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem for the census and it says that angels proclaimed him a savior for all people, and shepherds came to adore him. In the Matthew account, magi follow a star to Bethlehem to bring gifts to Jesus, King Herod orders the massacre of all the boys less than two years old in Bethlehem, but the family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels, the first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century, the feast regained prominence after 800, when Charlemagne was crowned emperor on Christmas Day
Christmas Day
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A
depiction of the
Nativity of Jesus with a
Christmas tree backdrop
Christmas Day
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Adoration of the Shepherds by Gerard van Honthorst depicts the nativity of
Jesus
Christmas Day
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Eastern Orthodox icon of the birth of Christ by
St. Andrei Rublev, 15th century
Christmas Day
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Nativity of Christ – medieval illustration from the
Hortus deliciarum of
Herrad of Landsberg (12th century)
12.
Christmas dinner
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Christmas dinner is a meal traditionally eaten at Christmas. This meal can take any time from the evening of Christmas Eve to the evening of Christmas Day itself. The meals are particularly rich and substantial, in the tradition of the Christian feast day celebration. In some cases, there is an element to the meal related to the religious celebration. The actual meal consumed varies in different parts of the world with regional cuisines, in many parts of the world, particularly former British colonies, the meal shares some connection with the English Christmas dinner involving roasted meats and pudding of some description. The Christmas pudding and Christmas cake evolved from this tradition, in countries without a lengthy Christian tradition, such as Japan, the Christmas meal may be more heavily influenced by popular culture. Indian people cook a variety of foods, including Biryani with chicken or lamb/mutton, chicken and mutton curry, long established Christian communities such as Goan Catholics have pork dishes and beef dishes as part of their main course of their Christmas dinner. These include Pork Vindaloo and Sorpatel, for dessert a dish called Bebinca is popular. Japanese Christmas cake, a sponge cake covered with cream and decorated with strawberries, is often consumed and Stollen cake. A successful advertising campaign in the 1970s made eating at KFC around Christmas a national custom and its chicken meals are so popular during the season that stores take reservations months in advance. The feast, usually on both the night of the 24th and lunch of the 25th, is a big one, some have the leftovers from the dinner prior at the lunch the next day. Traditional offering for Christmas is sugar coated almonds, Family gets together at both meals. Roast turkey is the most common choice of meal, roasted duck, Lebanese salad and pastries such as Honey cake and Buche De Noël are also common. At midnight the Christians are seen to go to mass at church, beirut celebrates Christmas by conducting glamorous and big Christmas parties. Western style exhibitions of poinsettias, Community Christmas trees and Christmas lights are very popular, Christmas dinner in the Philippines is called Noche Buena following Hispanic custom, and is held towards midnight of December 24. This usually comes after the family has attended the late evening Mass called the Misa de Gallo. The centrepiece of the Noche Buena is often the hamón which is usually a cured leg of pork and this is usually served with queso de bola, literally a ball of edam cheese covered in a red wax. Other ubiquitous dishes are pasta and for dessert, fruit salad, the dinner would usually be accompanied with tsokolate or hot cocoa, which is made with pure, locally grown cacao beans
Christmas dinner
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An oven-roasted turkey.
Christmas dinner
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Danish Christmas dinner
Christmas dinner
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Christmas dinner in
Poland.
Christmas dinner
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Sarmale with
Mămăligă on a Christmas table.
13.
I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday
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I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday is a Christmas song recorded by British glam rock band Wizzard. It was first released in December 1973 and, as with most Wizzard songs, was written and produced by the bands frontman Roy Wood — formerly of The Move and a founding member of ELO. The song was beaten to the 1973 Christmas Number 1 spot by Slades Merry Xmas Everybody which remained at the top of the charts for five weeks. The backing vocals for the single are by The Suedettes, augmented by the choir of Stockland Green Bilateral School First Year, the original sleeve of the single credits Miss Snob and Class 3C with Additional noises. Wood wore a hat found in lost property. The schoolchildren were brought down from the Midlands to London by bus during the autumn half-term to add their contributions, at the time of the singles release, Wizzards contract with EMI was close to expiration. Promotional copies were pressed by Warner Brothers, with whom the band had just signed for future releases, the song was featured throughout the second season finale episode of the psychological thriller TV series Black Mirror, White Christmas. The video shows the dressed up in winter-themed studio and are then joined by a group of children who play instruments. With the failure of its first release to top the UK Singles Chart in 1973 – it was kept from number one by Slades Merry Xmas Everybody – it was decided to re-release the single in 1981. It was then found that the tapes had been lost, so the song was re-recorded by the band. It is this version that has used since. The single reached number 41 on the UK Singles Chart, and was released again in 1984, in the week of 13 December 2008, the song peaked at number 31. In the week of 14 December 2009, it peaked at number 45, in the week of 11 December 2010, it peaked at number 46. In the week of 12 December 2011, it peaked at number 28, in the week of 16 December 2012, it charted at number 29. In 2013 it reached number 31 in the UK Singles Chart, the recording of the charity single, which was produced by Danish producer and songwriter Cutfather, was the subject of a behind-the-scenes documentary broadcast on ITV2 on 12 December 2013. The song was released on 15 December 2013, the official music video for the Big Reunion version of the song was uploaded to YouTube on 2 December 2013. I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday has since covered by many artists including, Roy Wood Big Band in 1995. The A-Teens in 2002 for Radio Disney Holiday Jams, Volume 2 Girls Aloud Spice Girls in 1999 Westlife El Vez in 2002 Sam Nixon on Pop Idol 2 in 2003 Robert Richmond in 2003 on e. p
I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday
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"I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday"
I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday
14.
Augmented reality
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Augmented reality is a live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. It is related to a general concept called mediated reality. As a result, the functions by enhancing one’s current perception of reality. By contrast, virtual reality replaces the real world with a simulated one, augmentation is conventionally in real time and in semantic context with environmental elements, such as sports scores on TV during a match. With the help of advanced AR technology the information about the real world of the user becomes interactive. Information about the environment and its objects is overlaid on the real world and this information can be virtual or real, e. g. seeing other real sensed or measured information such as electromagnetic radio waves overlaid in exact alignment with where they actually are in space. Augmented reality brings out the components of the world into a persons perceived real world. One example is an AR Helmet for construction workers which displays information about the construction sites, hardware components for augmented reality are, processor, display, sensors and input devices. Various technologies are used in Augmented Reality rendering including optical projection systems, monitors, hand held devices, a head-mounted display is a display device paired to the forehead such as a harness or helmet. HMDs place images of both the world and virtual objects over the users field of view. Modern HMDs often employ sensors for six degrees of freedom monitoring that allow the system to align virtual information to the physical world, HMDs can provide VR users mobile and collaborative experiences. Specific providers, such as uSens and Gestigon, are even including gesture controls for full virtual immersion, in January 2015, Meta launched a project led by Horizons Ventures, Tim Draper, Alexis Ohanian, BOE Optoelectronics and Garry Tan. On February 17,2016, Meta announced their product at TED. AR displays can be rendered on devices resembling eyeglasses, a head-up display, also known as a HUD, is a transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints. Near eye augmented reality devices can be used as portable head-up displays as they can show data, information, many definitions of augmented reality only define it as overlaying the information. CrowdOptic technology can be used by Google Glass users to learn where to look at a point in time. In January 2015, Microsoft introduced HoloLens, which is an independent smartglasses unit, First impressions and opinions have been generally that HoloLens is a superior device to the Google Glass, and manages to do several things right in which Glass failed. Contact lenses that display AR imaging are in development and these bionic contact lenses might contain the elements for display embedded into the lens including integrated circuitry, LEDs and an antenna for wireless communication
Augmented reality
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Samsung SARI AR SDK marker less tracker used in the AR EdiBear game (
Android OS)
Augmented reality
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AR Tower Defense game on the
Nokia N95 smartphone (
Symbian OS) uses
fiducial markers
Augmented reality
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NASA X38 display showing video map overlays including runways and obstacles during flight test in 2000.
Augmented reality
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View Description image 1
15.
Home automation
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Home automation or smart home is building automation for the home. It involves the control and automation of lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, wi-Fi is often used for remote monitoring and control. Home devices, when remotely monitored and controlled via the Internet, are an important constituent of the Internet of Things, while there are many competing vendors, there are very few worldwide accepted industry standards and the smart home space is heavily fragmented. Popular communications protocol for products include X10, Ethernet, RS-485, 6LoWPAN, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee and Z-Wave, manufacturers often prevent independent implementations by withholding documentation and by litigation. The home automation market was worth US$5.77 billion in 2015, early home automation began with labor-saving machines. In 1975, the first general purpose home automation network technology and it is a communication protocol for electronic devices. It primarily uses electric power transmission wiring for signalling and control, where the signals involve brief radio frequency bursts of digital data, by 1978, X10 products included a 16 channel command console, a lamp module, and an appliance module. Soon after came the wall switch module and the first X10 timer, by 2012, in the United States, according to ABI Research,1.5 million home automation systems were installed. The word domotics is a contraction of the Latin word for a home, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, it is possible to have remote control of all home energy monitors over the internet incorporating a simple and friendly user interface. Technology is still in its infancy, and consumers could invest in a system that becomes abandonware. In 2014, Google bought the company selling the Revolv Hub home automation system, integrated it with Nest and in 2016 shut down the servers Revolv Hub depended on, rendering the hardware useless. Microsoft Research found in 2011, that home automation could involve high cost of ownership, inflexibility of interconnected devices, however, there are now open source software systems which can be used with proprietary hardware. There are a variety of technology platforms, or protocols. Each one is, essentially, its own language, each language speaks to the various connected devices and instructs them to perform a function. The automation protocol transport has involved direct wire connectivity, powerline and wireless hybrid, most of the protocols below are not open. Customers may be hesitant to bet their IoT future on proprietary software or hardware devices that use proprietary protocols that may fade or become difficult to customize and interconnect. The nature of home automation devices can also be a problem for security, since patches to bugs found in the operating system often do not reach users of older. One set of researchers say that the failure of vendors to support devices with patches and updates leaves more than 87% of active devices vulnerable
Home automation
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Domestic patch panel, unstructured.
Home automation
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A smart home control panel
Home automation
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A homemade Internet-enabled cat feeder.
Home automation
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Well and Booster Pump Automation.
16.
Snow globe
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A snow globe is a transparent sphere, traditionally made of glass, enclosing a miniaturized scene of some sort, often together with a model of a landscape. The sphere also encloses the water in the globe, the water serves as the medium through which the snow falls, to activate the snow, the globe is shaken to churn up the white particles. The globe is placed back in its position and the flakes fall down slowly through the water. Snow globes sometimes have a music box that plays a song. Some snow globes have a design around the outerbase for decoration, when exactly the first snow globes became well-known remains uncertain, but the popularity seemingly dates to the early 19th century in France. They may have appeared for glass blowers as adjuncts to paperweight, snow globes were exhibited at the Paris Universal Expo of 1878, and by 1879 at least five or more companies were producing and selling snow globes throughout Europe. In 1889, a snow globe containing a model of the newly built Eiffel Tower was produced to commemorate the International Exposition in Paris, which marked the centenary of the French Revolution. Snow globes became popular in England during the Victorian era and, in the early 1920s, many of these globes were produced by Atlas Crystal Works, which had factories in Germany and America. At the end of the 19th century the Austrian Erwin Perzy, originally his goal was to develop an extra bright lightsource for use as a surgical lamp. He then built his first actual globe with the basilica of Mariazell as a model in it, because of the great request for his snow globes, Perzy, along with his brother Ludwig opened a shop in Vienna, where the production continues until today as a family business. Today the globes get exported throughout the world, the out of which the snow is made is handed down from generation to generation as a production secret. In the United States, the first snow globe-related patent was granted in 1927 to Joseph Garaja of Pittsburgh, in 1929, Garaja convinced Novelty Pool Ornaments to manufacture a fish version underwater. In America, during the 1940s, snow globes were used for advertising. In Europe, during the 1940s and 1950s, religious snow globes were common gifts for Catholic children, snow globes have appeared in a number of film scenes, the most famous of which is the opening of the 1941 classic Citizen Kane. In the 1950s, the globes, which were made of glass. Currently, there are different types of snow globes available. These globes are produced by a number of countries and range from the versions of Hong Kong. Snow globes have even used for election campaigns
Snow globe
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A girl holding a snow globe
17.
Christmas market
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These markets originated in Germany, but are now being held in many other countries. The Christmas markets of Bautzen were first held in 1384, dresdens Striezelmarkt was first held in 1434. Frankfurt was first mentioned in 1393, Munich in 1310 and Augsburg in 1498, the Vienna December market was a kind of forerunner of the Christmas market and dates back to 1298. In many towns in Germany and Austria, Advent is usually ushered in with the opening of the Christmas market or Weihnachtsmarkt, in southern Germany and Austria, it is sometimes called a Christkindlmarkt. Traditionally held in the square, the market has food, drink. On opening night at the Christkindlesmarkt in Nuremberg, and in other towns, onlookers welcome the Christkind. Both help stave off the winter air which sometimes dips below freezing. More regional food specialties include Christstollen, a sort of bread with candied fruit in Saxony, many other handmade items, toys, books, Christmas tree decorations and ornaments can be found at a Christmas Market. Famous Christmas markets are held in the cities of Augsburg, Dresden, Erfurt, Frankfurt, Nuremberg and Stuttgart, the Nuremberg and Dresden markets draw about two million people each year, the Stuttgart and Frankfurt markets attract more than three million visitors. Additionally, Berlin claims over 70 markets, which open in late November, Christmas markets are traditional in Alsace and most of the towns have their local Christmas market. Strasbourg, in Alsace, France, has been holding a Christmas market, Christkindelsmärik, around its cathedral since 1570, starting in 1997 Frankfurt Christmas Markets were established with support from Frankfurt in the British Cities of Birmingham, Edinburgh, Leeds and Manchester. Other large Christmas markets have been held in England in Bath or Liverpool, the Christmas markets are such a success that they are becoming a major pull factor to increase trade and visitor numbers to towns and cities. German immigrants also brought the Christmas market celebrations to the United States, since 2007, a traditional Christmas market is held for the first time in Sibiu, Romania. List of Christmas markets 2016 Berlin attack Bakst, Alex, A Visit to Germanys Christmas Markets, Spiegel Online 7 December 2006 Zug, J. D
Christmas market
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Christmas market in
Jena, Germany
Christmas market
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Toulouse,
France
Christmas market
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Christmas market,
Strasbourg,
France
Christmas market
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Sibiu,
Romania
18.
Game of Thrones
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Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. It is an adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire, George R. R. Martins series of fantasy novels, the first of which is A Game of Thrones. It is filmed at Titanic Studios in Belfast, on location in the United Kingdom, and in Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States. The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17,2011, the series was renewed for a seventh season, which is scheduled to premiere on July 16,2017, and will conclude with its eighth season in 2018. Set on the continents of Westeros and Essos, Game of Thrones has several plot lines. The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, Game of Thrones has attracted record viewership on HBO and has a broad, active, international fan base. It has been acclaimed by critics, particularly for its acting, complex characters, story, scope, the series has received 38 Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series in 2015 and 2016, more than any other primetime scripted television series. Its other awards and nominations include three Hugo Awards for Best Dramatic Presentation, a 2011 Peabody Award, and four nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama. Lena Headey, Emilia Clarke, Kit Harington, Maisie Williams, Diana Rigg, Game of Thrones is roughly based on the storylines of A Song of Ice and Fire, set in the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros and the continent of Essos. The series chronicles the violent dynastic struggles among the noble families for the Iron Throne. It opens with additional threats in the icy North and Essos in the east, showrunner David Benioff jokingly suggested The Sopranos in Middle-earth as Game of Thrones tagline, referring to its intrigue-filled plot and dark tone in a fantasy setting of magic and dragons. In a 2012 study of deaths per episode, it ranked second out of 40 recent U. S. TV drama series, the series is generally praised for what is perceived as a sort of medieval realism. George R. R. Benioff said, George brought a measure of harsh realism to high fantasy and he introduced gray tones into a black-and-white universe. A common theme in the genre is the battle between good and evil, which Martin says does not mirror the real world. Just like peoples capacity for good and for evil in life, Martin explores the questions of redemption. The show allows the audience to view different characters from their perspective, unlike in many other fantasies, Main characters are regularly killed off, and this has been credited with developing tension among viewers. The series also reflects the death rates in war. Although the first season is a adaptation of the novel
Game of Thrones
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Game of Thrones
Game of Thrones
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Power and violence are central themes of Game of Thrones, and the great number of weapons made for the series reflects this, some of which are shown in this exhibit.
Game of Thrones
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Peter Dinklage (Tyrion Lannister) leads the principal cast from season two onwards.
Game of Thrones
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Showrunners D. B. Weiss and David Benioff created the series, wrote most of its episodes and directed some of them.
19.
Be Right Back
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Be Right Back is the first episode of the second series of British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker, directed by Owen Harris. The episode tells the story of Martha, a woman whose boyfriend Ash is killed in a car accident. As she mourns him, she discovers that now allows her to communicate with an artificial intelligence imitating Ash. The episode received positive reviews. Martha and Ash are a couple who move to a remote house in the countryside. The day after moving into the house, Ash is killed while returning the hire van, after discovering she is pregnant, Martha reluctantly tries out a new online service that lets people stay in touch with the deceased. By using all of his past online communications and social media profiles, after starting out with instant messaging, Martha uploads videos and photos of Ash to the services database, so that it can duplicate Ashs voice to talk to Martha over the phone. Martha allows herself to believe that she is talking to her dead partner, from the moment the android is activated, Martha is uncomfortable and struggles to accept its existence. Upon taking the artificial Ash to a cliff, she orders it to jump off, taking a cue from her, the android begs for its own life. The scene cuts to several years later, and Martha is shown to have raised her now seven-year-old daughter Ash in the country house and she allows her daughter to see the android on weekends, but Marthas daughter convinces her to allow her into the attic on her birthday. While her daughter is in the attic with the android, Martha waits at the bottom of the steps, close to tears. In an interview in October 2016, Brooker revealed that There was a whole idea for Be Right Back too. The Independent summed its review saying, Be Right Back works so well because it has captured the media zeitgeist. It was a lovely and touching story – more so than Fifteen Million Merits – and he can write an emotional and moving story that grabs you by the heart. The ending was bittersweet and avoided becoming overly tragic and depressing with a cliff suicide cliché, to my mind its the best thing Brooker has done. According to Den of Geek, By reducing his scope still further, a sci-fi parable about bereavement and digital ghosts, this opening episode is appropriately haunting. Digital Spy wrote, Black Mirrors series two premiere is creepy and moving in equal measure and it has real heart and characters that live and breathe – even when they dont, rating the episode 4 out of 5 stars
Be Right Back
–
An
Opte Project visualization of
routing paths through a portion of the Internet
20.
News ticker
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News tickers have been used in Europe in countries such as United Kingdom, Germany and Ireland for some years, they are also used in several Asian countries and Australia. In the United States, tickers were long used on an event basis by broadcast television stations to disseminate weather warnings, school closings. Sports telecasts occasionally used a ticker to update other contests in progress before the expansion of news networks. In addition, some displays are used to relay continuous stock quotes during trading hours of major stock market exchanges. Since the growth in usage of the World Wide Web, some news tickers have syndicated news stories posted largely on websites of broadcasters or by other independent news agencies. The presentation of headlines or other information in a ticker has become a common element of many different news networks. The use of the ticker has differed on a number of channels, due to their current prevalence, they have been occasionally been made targets of pranks and vandalism. A ticker may also be used as a method by businesses in order to deliver important information to their staff. The ticker can be set to reappear, stay on screen, in the United Kingdom, broadcasters have stopped using this technology as other forms of communications have become available and increased in popularity. The most famous news ticker display is the zipper that circles One Times Square in New York City, a red-LED ticker was added to the perimeter of 10 Rockefeller Center in 1994, as the building was being renovated to accommodate the studios for NBCs Today. As of 2015, the strip is only a small part of a large two-floor LCD video display that is placed within the window of the studio showing promotional information. The Martin Place Headquarters of Seven News, the division of Australian television broadcaster Seven Network. This ticker is identical to the ticker that is seen on Seven Early News, Seven Morning News, in the Peoples Republic of China, state-owned China Central Television uses a news ticker on its four television channels, CCTV-2, CCTV-4, CCTV-5, CCTV-13 and CCTV-News. Almost all of the news channels based in India use a ticker, most of which display them in a two-band format. Some stations, such as Sahara Samay and News Live, use one of the horizontal ticker bands to display text advertisements, most of the news tickers used in the country are structured as scrolls. One such exception is with CNN-IBN, which both a flipper ticker for headlines and a scrolling ticker for stock quotes. During breaking news coverage, CNN-IBN places an alternating BREAKING NEWS text and headline title on the upper band, with news updates regarding the news event on the bottom band. In Indonesia, the two national news channels, Metro TV and TV One, both display continuous news tickers – a practice that is followed by provincial or local news channels within the country
News ticker
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An example of a television news ticker, at the lower-third of the screen.
News ticker
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Stock ticker on the Reuters building at Canary Wharf, London.
21.
The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
The Guardian
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The Guardian front page on 6 June 2014
The Guardian
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The Guardian senior news writer Esther Addley interviewing Ecuadorian Foreign Minister
Ricardo Patiño for this article relating to
Julian Assange (August 2014)
The Guardian
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The Guardian's HQ in
London
The Guardian
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The Guardian' s Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian
