1.
Tijuana
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Tijuana is the largest city in Baja California and on the Baja California Peninsula and center of the Tijuana metropolitan area, part of the international San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. As an industrial and financial center of Mexico, Tijuana exerts an influence on economics, education, culture, art. As the city has become a center in the country, so has the surrounding metropolitan area. Currently one of the fastest growing areas in Mexico, Tijuana maintains global city status. As of 2015, the city of Tijuana had a population of 1,696,923, Tijuana is located on the Gold Coast of Baja California, and is the municipal seat and cultural and commercial center of Tijuana Municipality. Tijuana covers 70% of the municipality but contains over 80% of its population, a dominant manufacturing center of the North American continent, the city maintains facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies. In the early 21st century, Tijuana became the medical-device manufacturing capital of North America, Tijuana is also a growing cultural center and has been recognized as an important new cultural mecca. The city is the most visited city in the globe. More than fifty million people cross the border between two cities every year. This metropolitan crossing makes the San Ysidro Port of Entry the busiest land-border crossing in the world and it is estimated that the two border crossing stations between the cities proper of San Diego and Tijuana account for 300,000 daily border crossings alone. Tijuana is the 40th largest city in the Americas and is the westernmost city in Mexico, Tijuana traces its modern history to the arrival of Spanish explorers in the 16th century who were mapping the coast of the Californias. As the American conquest of northern Mexico ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Tijuanas new international position on the border gave rise to a new economic, the city was founded in July 11,1889 as urban development began. Often known by its initials, T. J. and nicknamed Gateway to Mexico, Tijuana derives from the Kumeyaay word Tiwan, meaning by-the-sea. Common in regional folklore, a myth exists purporting that the name is a conjunction of Tia Juana, Tia Juana would provide food and a resting place to travelers on their journeys. The story has become a myth with residents of the city and has particular resonance among those who like to imagine the city as a place of hospitality. In Spanish, the name is pronounced /tiˈxwana/ – with three syllables, and a fricative as represented by the sound written as j. In California, and particularly in Southern California, it is referred to as T. J. Baja Californians have adopted this pronunciation as Tiyei, in Spanish the demonym for someone from Tijuana is Tijuanense, while in English the demonym is Tijuanan
2.
San Diego
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San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote
3.
Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
4.
Frequency
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as vibrations, audio signals, radio waves. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, in physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics, acoustics, and radio, frequency is usually denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν. For a simple motion, the relation between the frequency and the period T is given by f =1 T. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, a previous name for this unit was cycles per second. The SI unit for period is the second, a traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. Y = sin = sin d θ d x = k Wavenumber, in the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has a relationship to the wavelength. Even in dispersive media, the frequency f of a wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and this expression becomes, f = c λ. When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their remains the same—only their wavelength. For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is, the latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count. This is called gating error and causes an error in the calculated frequency of Δf = 1/, or a fractional error of Δf / f = 1/ where Tm is the timing interval. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem at low frequencies where the number of counts N is small, an older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope
5.
Hertz
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The hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units and is defined as one cycle per second. It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in SI multiples kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, kilo means thousand, mega meaning million, giga meaning billion and tera for trillion. Some of the units most common uses are in the description of waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio-. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers, the hertz is equivalent to cycles per second, i. e. 1/second or s −1. In English, hertz is also used as the plural form, as an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed, commonly used multiples are kHz, MHz, GHz and THz. One hertz simply means one cycle per second,100 Hz means one hundred cycles per second, and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, the rate of aperiodic or stochastic events occur is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second in general or, the specific case of radioactive decay, becquerels. Whereas 1 Hz is 1 cycle per second,1 Bq is 1 aperiodic radionuclide event per second, the conversion between a frequency f measured in hertz and an angular velocity ω measured in radians per second is ω =2 π f and f = ω2 π. This SI unit is named after Heinrich Hertz, as with every International System of Units unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case. Note that degree Celsius conforms to this rule because the d is lowercase. — Based on The International System of Units, the hertz is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, who made important scientific contributions to the study of electromagnetism. The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission in 1930, the term cycles per second was largely replaced by hertz by the 1970s. One hobby magazine, Electronics Illustrated, declared their intention to stick with the traditional kc. Mc. etc. units, sound is a traveling longitudinal wave which is an oscillation of pressure. Humans perceive frequency of waves as pitch. Each musical note corresponds to a frequency which can be measured in hertz. An infants ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, the range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtoHz into the terahertz range and beyond. Electromagnetic radiation is described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation is measured in kilohertz, megahertz, or gigahertz
6.
Effective radiated power
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Effective radiated power, synonymous with equivalent radiated power, is an IEEE standardized definition of directional radio frequency power transmitted from a theoretical half-wave dipole antenna. It is differentiated from effective isotropic radiated power mainly by use of antenna gain instead of absolute gain in the calculation. The term antenna gain is assumed to be absolute unless specifically stated to be relative, the gain is then multiplied by the power actually accepted by the antenna to result in the actual ERP value. Power losses which occur prior to the antenna, e. g. in the line or from inefficiency in the generator itself are therefore not included in the calculation of ERP or EIRP. Antenna gain is closely related to directivity and often used interchangeably. However, gain is less than directivity by a factor called radiation efficiency. Whereas directivity is entirely a function of wavelength and the geometry and type of antenna, specifically, accelerating charge causes electromagnetic radiation per Maxwells equations. Therefore, antennas use a current distribution on radiating elements to generate electromagnetic energy that propagates away from the antenna and this coupling is never 100% efficient, and therefore antenna gain will always be less than directivity by this efficiency factor. The receiver would not be able to determine a difference, maximum directivity of an ideal half-wave dipole is a constant, i. e.0 dBd =2.15 dBi. Therefore, ERP is always 2.15 dB less than EIRP, the ideal dipole antenna could be further replaced by an isotropic radiator, and the receiver cannot know the difference so long as the input power is increased by 2.15 dB. Unfortunately, the distinction between dBd and dBi is often left unstated and the reader is forced to infer which was used. For example, a Yagi-Uda antenna is constructed from several dipoles arranged at intervals to create better energy focusing than a simple dipole. Since it is constructed from dipoles, often its antenna gain is expressed in dBd, obviously this ambiguity is undesirable with respect to engineering specifications. A Yagi-Uda antennas maximum directivity is 8.77 dBd =10.92 dBi and its gain necessarily must be less than this by the factor η, which must be negative in units of dB. Neither ERP nor EIRP can be calculated without knowledge of the power accepted by the antenna, let us assume a 100 Watt transmitter with losses of 6 dB prior to the antenna. ERP <22. 77dBW and EIRP <24. 92dBW, polarization has not been taken into account so far, but properly it must be. When considering the dipole radiator previously we assumed that it was aligned with the receiver. Now assume, however, that the antenna is circularly polarized
7.
Height above average terrain
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Height above average terrain is a measure of how high an antenna site is above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television, as it is more important than effective radiated power in determining the range of broadcasts. Stations that want to increase above a certain HAAT must reduce their power accordingly, the entire radial graph could be rotated to achieve the best effect for the station. The altitude of the site, minus the average altitude of all the specified points, was the HAAT. This can create some unusual cases, particularly in mountainous regions—it is possible to have a number for HAAT. The FCC has divided the Contiguous United States into three zones for the determination of spacing between FM and TV stations using the same frequencies, FM and TV stations are assigned maximum ERP and HAAT values, depending on their assigned zones, to prevent co-channel interference. The FCC regulations for ERP and HAAT are listed under Title 47, Maximum HAAT,150 meters Maximum ERP,50 kW Minimum co-channel separation,241 km Maximum HAAT,600 meters Maximum ERP,100 kW Minimum co-channel separation,290 km. In addition, Zone I-A consists of all of California south of 40° north latitude, Puerto Rico, zones I and I-A have the most grandfathered overpowered stations, which are allowed the same extended coverage areas that they had before the zones were established. One of the most powerful of these stations is WBCT in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zone III consists of all of Florida and the areas of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas within approximately 241.4 kilometers of the Gulf of Mexico. Zone II is all the rest of the Continental United States, Alaska and Hawaii
8.
Call sign
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In broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign is a unique designation for a transmitter station. In North America, they are used for all FCC licensed transmitters, a call sign can be formally assigned by a government agency, informally adopted by individuals or organizations, or even cryptographically encoded to disguise a stations identity. The use of signs as unique identifiers dates to the landline railroad telegraph system. Because there was only one line linking all railroad stations. In order to time, two-letter identifiers were adopted for this purpose. This pattern continued in operation, radio companies initially assigned two-letter identifiers to coastal stations and stations aboard ships at sea. These were not globally unique, so a company identifier was later added. Merchant and naval vessels are assigned call signs by their national licensing authorities, in the case of states such as Liberia or Panama, which are flags of convenience for ship registration, call signs for larger vessels consist of the national prefix plus three letters. United States merchant vessels are given call signs beginning with the letters W or K while US naval ships are assigned callsigns beginning with N, leisure craft with VHF radios may not be assigned call signs, in which case the name of the vessel is used instead. Ships in the US wishing to have a radio licence anyway are under F. C. C, class SA, Ship recreational or voluntarily equipped. Those calls follow the land mobile format of the initial letter K or W followed by 1 or 2 letters followed by 3 or 4 numbers. U. S. Coast Guard small boats have a number that is shown on both bows in which the first two digits indicate the length of the boat in feet. For example, Coast Guard 47021 refers to the 21st in the series of 47 foot motor lifeboats, the call sign might be abbreviated to the final two or three numbers during operations, for example, Coast Guard zero two one. Call signs in aviation are derived from several different policies, depending upon the type of flight operation, in most countries, unscheduled general aviation flights identify themselves using the call sign corresponding to the aircrafts registration number. In this case, the sign is spoken using the International Civil Aviation Organization phonetic alphabet. Aircraft registration numbers internationally follow the pattern of a country prefix, for example, an aircraft registered as N978CP conducting a general aviation flight would use the call sign November-niner-seven-eight-Charlie-Papa. However, in the United States a pilot of an aircraft would normally omit saying November, at times, general aviation pilots might omit additional preceding numbers and use only the last three numbers and letters. This is especially true at uncontrolled fields when reporting traffic pattern positions, for example, Skyhawk eight-Charlie-Papa, left base
9.
XEBG-AM
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XEBG-AM is a Spanish News/Talk radio station that serves the Tijuana area of the Mexican state of Baja California. XEBG received its first concession in October 1936, fernández and operated from facilities in the Baron Long house in Tijuana on 820 kHz, with 1,000 watts. Baron Long was the founder of the Agua Caliente resort, and some sources note that XEBG operated from the resort on 750 kHz, likely prior to its 1936 concession. XEBG moved to 1550 within several years of signing on and changed several times in its first 20 years of operation, Roberto Salazar bought it in 1946. In 1956, Octavios widow, Nelly Murillo Vda. de Lelevier, was granted a 30-year renewal for the concession, in 1959, XEBG was bought by Mario Marcos Mayans, the founder of Cadena Baja California. Mario Enrique Mayans Concha became the concessionaire in 1977 after Marcos Mayanss death, official website Radio-Locator Information on XEBG Query the FCCs AM station database for XEBG
10.
XESPN-AM
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XESPN-AM, known on-air as Cadena 800, is a Spanish language news/talk station that serves the Tijuana-San Diego area. The station came on air in April 1965 as XEMMM-AM, named for its owner, the station initially broadcast during the daytime only. XEMMM joined ESPN Radio in late 2002, replacing XETRA, which had changed from radio to adult standards some months earlier. In 2003, the sign changed to XESPN. In 2009, ESPN Radio moved to sister FM station XHMORE while XESPN joined ESPN Deportes Radio, on October 6,2010, CBC ceased sports programming on XESPN and adopted a news/talk format programmed by Grupo Imagen. ESPN Deportes Radio is now available in the San Diego-Tijuana border region on XESDD-AM1030
11.
Webcast
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A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand, essentially, webcasting is broadcasting over the Internet. The largest webcasters include existing radio and TV stations, who simulcast their output through online TV or online radio streaming, Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific webcasting licenses to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material, Webcasting is used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations presentations, in e-learning, and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does not bear much, if any, relationship to web conferencing, the ability to webcast using cheap/accessible technology has allowed independent media to flourish. There are many notable independent shows that broadcast regularly online, often produced by average citizens in their homes they cover many interests and topics. Webcasts relating to computers, technology, and news are particularly popular, Webcasting differs from podcasting in that webcasting refers to live streaming while podcasting simply refers to media files placed on the Internet. Webcasting is the distribution of media files through the internet, pakman from Apple, they launched the Macintosh New York Music Festival from July 17–22,1995. This event audio webcast concerts from more than 15 clubs in New York City, Apple later webcast a concert by Metallica on June 10,1996 live from Slims in San Francisco. In 1995, Benford E. Standley produced one of the first audio/video webcasts in history, on August 13,1998, it is generally believed the first webcast wedding took place, between Alan Knecht and Carrie Silverman in Toronto Canada. The live signal was broadcast via satellite to PA, then encoded and streamed via the BGEA website, the first teleconferenced/webcast wedding to date is believed to have occurred on December 31,1998. Dale Ficken and Lorrie Scarangella wed on this date as they stood in a church in Pennsylvania, on November 4,1994, Stef van der Ziel distributed the first live video images over the web from the Simplon venue in Groningen. On November 7,1994, WXYC, the radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill became the first radio station in the world to broadcast its signal over the internet. Translated versions including Subtitling are now possible using SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, a wedcast is a webcast of a wedding. It allows family and friends of the couple to watch the wedding in time on the Internet. Webcasting a funeral is also a service provided by funeral homes. Although it has been around for a decade, cheaper broadband, the strain of travel. International Webcasting Association Media clip Podcast Streaming media Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language Video blog Web radio Webisode Webinar PR Newswire
12.
Media market
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They can coincide or overlap with one or more metropolitan areas, though rural regions with few significant population centers can also be designated as markets. Conversely, very large areas can sometimes be subdivided into multiple segments. Market regions may overlap, meaning that people residing on the edge of one market may be able to receive content from other nearby markets. They are widely used in measurements, which are compiled in the United States by Nielsen Media Research. Nielsen measures both television and radio audiences since its acquisition of Arbitron, which was completed in September 2013, markets are identified by the largest city, which are usually located in the center of the market region. In the United States, radio markets are generally a bit smaller than their counterparts, as broadcast power restrictions are stricter for radio than TV. AM band and FM band radio ratings are separated, as are broadcast. This information is used by advertisers to determine how to reach a specific audience, a Television Market Area is a group of counties in the United States covered by a specific group of television stations. The term is used by the U. S, governments Federal Communications Commission to regulate broadcast, cable, and satellite transmissions, according to the Code of Federal Regulations, at 47 CFR §76.51 and FCC. gov. The TMAs not only have control over local broadcasts. These market areas can also be used to define restrictions on rebroadcasting of broadcast television signals, generally speaking, only stations within the same market area can be rebroadcast. The only exception to rule is the significantly viewed list. Virtually all of the United States is located within the boundaries of exactly one TMA, a similar term used by Nielsen Media Research is the Designated Market Area, and they control the trademark on it. DMAs are used by Nielsen Media Research to identify TV stations that best reach an area, there are 210 Nielsen DMAs in the United States,56 of which are metered. TMAs may cover a larger area than the stations that serve it. This is particularly true in markets that have hilly or mountainous terrain that is ill-suited for digital broadcasting, in these cases, the outlying areas of a TMA may only be served by cable and satellite, or perhaps by small translators. Conversely, a small market such as Erie, Pennsylvania may have stations where their signal spills well over into neighboring TMAs. Arbitron at one time also maintained similar areas for television ratings, there were 286 ADIs in the United States
13.
Spanish language
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Spanish —also called Castilian —is a Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain, with hundreds of millions of native speakers around the world. It is usually considered the worlds second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese and it is one of the few languages to use inverted question and exclamation marks. Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. Beginning in the early 16th century, Spanish was taken to the colonies of the Spanish Empire, most notably to the Americas, as well as territories in Africa, Oceania, around 75% of modern Spanish is derived from Latin. Greek has also contributed substantially to Spanish vocabulary, especially through Latin, Spanish vocabulary has been in contact from an early date with Arabic, having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula. With around 8% of its vocabulary being Arabic in origin, this language is the second most important influence after Latin and it has also been influenced by Basque as well as by neighboring Ibero-Romance languages. It also adopted words from languages such as Gothic language from the Visigoths in which many Spanish names and surnames have a Visigothic origin. Spanish is one of the six languages of the United Nations. It is the language in the world by the number of people who speak it as a mother tongue, after Mandarin Chinese. It is estimated more than 437 million people speak Spanish as a native language. Spanish is the official or national language in Spain, Equatorial Guinea, speakers in the Americas total some 418 million. In the European Union, Spanish is the tongue of 8% of the population. Spanish is the most popular second language learned in the United States, in 2011 it was estimated by the American Community Survey that of the 55 million Hispanic United States residents who are five years of age and over,38 million speak Spanish at home. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses the term castellano to define the language of the whole Spanish State in contrast to las demás lenguas españolas. Article III reads as follows, El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado, las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas. Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State, the other Spanish languages as well shall be official in their respective Autonomous Communities. The Spanish Royal Academy, on the hand, currently uses the term español in its publications. Two etymologies for español have been suggested, the Spanish Royal Academy Dictionary derives the term from the Provençal word espaignol, and that in turn from the Medieval Latin word Hispaniolus, from—or pertaining to—Hispania
14.
XHITZ-FM
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XHITZ-FM is a CHR station in San Diego-Tijuana broadcasting on 90.3 MHz. The station is owned by a Mexican company, with its transmitter and this company leases the programming and advertising rights to Local Media of San Diego, with studios in San Diego. XHIS-FM received its concession in November 1973, owned by Víctor Díaz, founder of Califórmula Broadcasting which would come to own, in 1983, XHIS became XHITZ-FM and changed to an album rock format under contract to San Diego Radio Company, an American-based operator. However, in 1984, the station stumbled in an ownership dispute, a bitter battle between San Diego Radio Company and Califórmula led to the abrupt end of the album rock format as the latter took control of the station. In 1986, Díaz sold the American marketing rights for XHITZ again, BMM ceased operation of the station on June 30,1988 as it assigned the rights to another company, Consolidated Radio Sales, which was also bankrupt. The result was that Díaz and the head of Consolidated Radio Sales, Jack McCoy, in 1989, XHITZ flipped to a Pirate Radio format based on the success of KQLZ in Los Angeles. On April 5,1990, however, the station switched formats to Rhythmic Top 40 under Program Director Rick Thomas, Z90 competed against Q106, which was the powerhouse of Top 40 in the market. However by August 1998, XHITZ would move away from its Dance/R&B approach to focusing more on R&B/Hip-Hop product. The station also rebranded as Jammin Z90 before reverting to Z90.3, XHITZ remained a hip-hop leader until 2004, when XHMORE-FM flipped to a hip hop-emphasizing Rhythmic Top 40. These two stations would battle until late 2009, when XHMORE changed formats, shortly after this, the station shifted back to its Dance-leaning and more Mainstream sound. Despite being the markets only Rhythmic Top 40, XHITZ continues to share the music as KHTS and KEGY, all of whom are Rhythmic-leaning Top 40/CHRs. On April 2,2012, XHITZ rebranded themselves on-air from Z90.3 to Jammin Z90, in mid-2014, XHITZ rebranded back to Z90. Today, the airs a CHR format, resulting in both Nielsen BDS and Mediabase moving XHITZ from their Rhythmic to Mainstream reporting panels in February 2015. A2003 ruling forced Clear Channel to divest the operating rights to its Mexican stations in order to remain under FCC ownership caps, Finest City took over operations on December 1,2005. In 2009, these programming and marketing rights were sold to Broadcast Corporation of the Americas after Finest City defaulted on assets that resulted in its bankruptcy, in 2010, BCA would spin off XHITZ, XETRA and XHRM to Local Media of America after a change in management. The intent of this agreement is to local ownership and operation of San Diegos top-rated radio stations. archive. org/web/20100317020028/http, //www. yes. com, 80/#KSCF. log#XHITZ
15.
KHTS-FM
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KHTS-FM is a Top 40 station licensed to El Cajon, California and serving the San Diego market. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and brands as Channel 93.3, the stations studios are located in San Diegos Kearny Mesa neighborhood on the northeast side, and the transmitter is located in East San Diego east of Balboa Park. Currently, KHTS is the most listened to station in all of the San Diego region. From 1961 to 1995, the station was KECR-FM, owned by the religious Family Radio organization, the station was sold off in 1995 to Jacor Communications, with Family Radio continuing to broadcast in San Diego on KECR, an AM station on 910. Shortly after, the station received their current KHTS-FM calls and this brought personalities such as Bubba The Love Sponge to the market, along with WFLZ referencing San Diego weather and events in their programming. The simulcast was broken on August 30,1996, with the shifting to a 43-hour loop of remixes of the then-popular Macarena by Los Del Rio. At 4 PM that day, KHTS-FM officially flipped to Top 40, originally, KHTS-FM focused on Rhythmic Top 40/Dance hits and remixes of mainstream pop and rock. The station would also air attack liners against rivals XHITZ-FM, KFMB-FM, the station maintains a rhythmic-leaning sound and continues to air dance mixes on weekends. WFLZ KHTS-FM Official Website Query the FCCs FM station database for KHTS Radio-Locator information on KHTS Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KHTS
16.
ESPN Radio
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ESPN Radio is an American sports radio network. It was launched on January 1,1992 under the banner of SportsRadio ESPN. ESPN Radio is located at ESPN headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut, ESPN Radio is broadcast to hundreds of affiliate stations as well as to subscribers of Sirius XM Radio in the United States and Canada. The networks content is streamed online and via mobile applications and other media devices via TuneIn. In 2014, ESPN partnered with TuneIn to create 24/7 streams of its most popular programming including Mike & Mike, select iHeartMedia-owned ESPN Radio affiliates are available through iHeartRadio. Most other markets have ESPN Radio affiliates, whether they be part-time or have their entire format dedicated to ESPN Radio, the Walt Disney Company did not include the ESPN Radio network or the Radio Disney network in the 2007 sale of ABC Radio to Citadel Broadcasting. ESPN Radio Network was formed in September 1991 by both ESPN, Inc. and Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. s ABC Radio Networks. Twenty-five stations had signed on as affiliates as of its announcement on September 5,1991 with an expected total of 200 at the January launch. Shelby Whitfield, executive producer of ABC Radio Sports, and John A. Walsh, the network launched as Sports Radio ESPN on January 1,1992. At first, ESPN Radio broadcast only on weekends, the network debut with 16 hours running on 147 affiliates in 43 states. Its initial programming consisted of shows, update segments and occasional features. By 1996, it expanded to weekdays with a show hosted by The Fabulous Sports Babe, one hour of that show was simulcast on ESPN2. Two years later, Tony Bruno and Mike Golic were brought together for a new morning show, Mike Greenberg was named as Brunos replacement, and the morning show became Mike & Mike, which still airs today. In January,2010, Mike & Mike celebrated their 10-year anniversary on ESPN Radio, dan Patrick was a mainstay in afternoons until his departure from ESPN in 2007. Gradually, ESPN added more dayparts and became a 24-hour service, in 1995, ESPN Radio gained national radio rights to the NBA. In 1997, it gained the national rights to MLB. Disney purchased WEVD from the Forward Association in September 2002 to become WEPN, ESPN Radio flagship station. Disney spun off and merged on June 12,2007 its ABC Radio Networks with Citadel Broadcasting into Citadel Communications while retaining its ESPN Radio and Radio Disney networks, note **, KESN103.3 FM is currently operated by Cumulus Media under local marketing agreement
17.
XEWV-FM
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XEWV-FM is a radio station in Mexicali, Baja California, broadcasting on 106.7 MHz. XEWV-FM received its concession in June 1965 for operation on 89.6 MHz, at the time, Mexico had licensed several radio stations on even decimal FM frequencies, which were never used in the United States. By 1970, all of the even decimal stations had been relocated to odd-numbered frequencies or had disappeared, in 1974, Cadena Baja California bought XEWV-AM-FM. After 27 years of regional Mexican music as Fiesta Mexicana, on September 9,2011, XEWV-FM flipped to the More FM format, which debuted in Tijuana on sister station XHMORE-FM in 1994
18.
Mexicali
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Mexicali is the capital city of the Mexican state of Baja California and seat of the Municipality of Mexicali. The city maintains a highly educated and skilled population, as it has modernized, mexicalis economy has been historically based on agricultural products, and to this day it remains a large sector of the economy. As time has progressed, however, its economy has gone from being agricultural to include industry. Mexicali became the center for the aerospace industry in Mexico when Rockwell Collins established an operation there in 1966. Rockwell Collins is the oldest company under the program nationwide. The Spaniards arrived in the area crossing the Sonoran Deserts Camino del Diablo or Devils Road. This led to the evangelization of the area by Catholic missionaries, nowadays, indigenous Cocopah people still inhabit a small government-protected corner of the Colorado River delta near the junction of the Hardy and the Colorado. The Cocopah mostly work on agricultural ejidos or fishing, the early European presence in this area was limited to Anzas and subsequent Spanish expeditions across the Colorado Desert and subsequent travelers on the Sonora Road opened by them. Also the presence of the Jesuits who attempted to establish a mission in what is now Fort Yuma and they left after a revolt by the Yuma in 1781. After this, the Spanish had little to do with the corner of the Baja California Peninsula, perceiving it as an untamable. Later in the 1820s, the Mexican authorities reopened the Sonoran Road, the Sonoran Road provided a route for American fur trappers, and later American troops of Kearny and Cooke passing through the area during the Mexican–American War. Herds of cattle and sheep were driven into California across this desert trail also and this route became a U. S. This mail route remained in use until 1877 when the Southern Pacific Railroad came to Yuma making it obsolete and these sediments extended far to the west of the river itself, accumulating in a shallow basin below the Sierra de Cucapá. However, from time period until the 1880s, the area was almost completely unpopulated. However, around 1900, the area with any real population, aside from the Cocopah, were concentrated in Los Algodones. In 1900, the U. S. -based California Development Company received permission from the government of Díaz to cut a canal through the deltas Arroyo Alamo, to attract farmers to the area, the developers named it the Imperial Valley. In 1903, the first 500 farmers arrived, by late 1904,405 km² of valley were irrigated, with 10,000 people settled on the land harvesting cotton, fruits, and vegetables. The concentration of housing units that straddled the border was called Calexico on the U. S. side
19.
Baja California
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Baja California, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California, is a state in Mexico. It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico, before becoming a state in 1952, the area was known as the North Territory of Baja California. It has an area of 70,113 km2, or 3. 57% of the mass of Mexico and comprises the northern half of the Baja California Peninsula, north of the 28th parallel. The mainland portion of the state is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by Sonora, the U. S. State of Arizona, and the Gulf of California and its northern limit is the U. S. state of California. The state has an population of 3,165,776 much more than the sparsely populated Baja California Sur to the south. Over 75% of the lives in the capital city, Mexicali, in Ensenada. Other important cities include San Felipe, Rosarito and Tecate, additionally, there is a large immigrant population from the United States due to its proximity to San Diego and the cheaper cost of living compared to San Diego. There is also a significant population from Central America, many immigrants moved to Baja California for a better quality of life and the number of higher paying jobs in comparison to the rest of Mexico and Latin America. Baja California is the twelfth largest state by area in Mexico and its geography ranges from beaches to forests and deserts. The backbone of the state is the Sierra de Baja California, where the Picacho del Diablo and this mountain range effectively divides the weather patterns in the state. In the northwest, the weather is semi-dry and mediterranean, in the narrow center, the weather changes to be more humid due to altitude. It is in area where a few valleys can be found, such as the Valle de Guadalupe. To the east of the range, the Sonoran Desert dominates the landscape. In the south, the weather becomes drier and gives way to the Vizcaino Desert, the state is also home to numerous islands off both of its shores. In fact, the westernmost point in Mexico, the Guadalupe Island, is part of Baja California, the Coronado, Todos Santos and Cedros Islands are also on the Pacific Shore. On the Gulf of California, the biggest island is the Angel de la Guarda, separated from the peninsula by the deep, the first people came to the peninsula at least 11,000 years ago. At that time two main groups are thought to have been present on the peninsula. In the south were the Cochimí, in the north were several groups belonging to the Yuman language family, including the Kiliwa, Paipai, Kumeyaay, Cocopa, and Quechan
20.
FM broadcasting
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FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation technology. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, it is used worldwide to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio, FM broadcasting is capable of better sound quality than AM broadcasting, the chief competing radio broadcasting technology, so it is used for most music broadcasts. FM radio stations use the VHF frequencies, the term FM band describes the frequency band in a given country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting. Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion thereof, with few exceptions, In the former Soviet republics, and some former Eastern Bloc countries, assigned frequencies are at intervals of 30 kHz. This band, sometimes referred to as the OIRT band, is slowly being phased out in many countries, in those countries the 87. 5–108.0 MHz band is referred to as the CCIR band. In Japan, the band 76–95 MHz is used, the frequency of an FM broadcast station is usually an exact multiple of 100 kHz. In most of South Korea, the Americas, the Philippines, in some parts of Europe, Greenland and Africa, only even multiples are used. In the UK odd or even are used, in Italy, multiples of 50 kHz are used. There are other unusual and obsolete FM broadcasting standards in countries, including 1,10,30,74,500. Random noise has a triangular spectral distribution in an FM system and this can be offset, to a limited extent, by boosting the high frequencies before transmission and reducing them by a corresponding amount in the receiver. Reducing the high frequencies in the receiver also reduces the high-frequency noise. These processes of boosting and then reducing certain frequencies are known as pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, the amount of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis used is defined by the time constant of a simple RC filter circuit. In most of the world a 50 µs time constant is used, in the Americas and South Korea,75 µs is used. This applies to both mono and stereo transmissions, for stereo, pre-emphasis is applied to the left and right channels before multiplexing. They cannot be pre-emphasized as much because it would cause excessive deviation of the FM carrier, systems more modern than FM broadcasting tend to use either programme-dependent variable pre-emphasis, e. g. dbx in the BTSC TV sound system, or none at all. Long before FM stereo transmission was considered, FM multiplexing of other types of audio level information was experimented with. Edwin Armstrong who invented FM was the first to experiment with multiplexing and these original FM multiplex subcarriers were amplitude modulated
21.
XHTIM-FM
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XHTIM-FM is a commercial radio station located in Tijuana, Baja California, broadcasting to the Tijuana, Baja California and San Diego, California area on 90.7 FM. XHTIM-FM airs a regional Mexican music format branded as La Mejor, xHTIJ-FM97.7 received its concession in July 1990 but signed on in 1998. It was owned by Carlos Armando Madrazo y Pintado and was sold to Sociedad Mexicana de Radio de Baja California. In 1999, the callsign was changed to XHTIM-FM, which had been the callsign on 91.7, in 2010, MVS took advantage of the move of XHLNC-FM to 104.9 and took over the 90.7 frequency on higher power. The transmitter was moved from the MVS studios in the Agua Caliente area to Cerro Colorado. Official website Query the FCCs FM station database for XHTIM
22.
XETRA-FM
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XETRA-FM — branded 91X, and sometimes identified as XTRA-FM — is an English language, Mexican-owned Alternative Rock music station broadcasting from Tijuana, Baja California on 91.1 MHz. The studios are in San Diegos Mira Mesa area, the station is one of three outlets programmed by Local Media San Diego LLC, who took over the operations of XETRA-FM from Broadcast Company of the Americas in 2010. On November 20,1968, Radiodifusora del Pacífico, S. A. de C. V. then-owner of XETRA-AM, received a concession for a new FM station with the same callsign, XETRA-FM on 91.3 MHz. By the time the station signed on in 1978, carrying an AOR format, 91Xs broadcast studios were located at the 91X transmitter site on Mount San Antonio in Tijuana. Initially, programming was recorded at the San Diego Studios in the Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich building downtown, disc jockeys then commuted from San Diego to Tijuana each shift. 91X was notorious for having DJs with no personality, they would announce the previous song. On January 11,1983, at 6 PM, 91X followed in the footsteps of KROQ-FM in Los Angeles, 91X played Stairway to Heaven as the final song of the AOR format. Immediately afterward, then-Executive Vice President and General Manager John Lynch made the announcement of the format change, former 91X on-air personality Jim LaMarca recounts the transition, The day 91X went Rock of the 80s, almost no one knew it was coming so there was no speculation. An air staff meeting was called for 3 pm and these really straight liner-card jocks were sitting around the conference room when in walks wild Rick Carroll with a cardboard box. He dumps it on the table and says, Im Rick from Los Angeles, the first song was played at 6 pm by Todd Tolkoff who was given the name Mad Max. He said, This is 91X Rock of the 80s and this is Sex from Berlin, everyone at the station thought this song was too weird. It seemed slow and goofy, but hey this was all new to us, well no wonder, he was playing a long-play version so the LP should have been playing at 45 rpm. Since we had never heard the song no one knew, during the 1980s and 1990s, 91X was one of the top-rated and most influential alternative stations in America. In 1996, the U. S. marketing and operating rights to 91X were acquired by Jacor Communications, Jacor was acquired by Clear Channel Communications in 1999. On December 1,2005, Clear Channel Communications was forced to spin off the U. S. rights to program and this was an effort to satisfy existing consolidation laws. Stations based in Tijuana, Baja California and operated by U. S. broadcasters were now considered as part of the San Diego radio market for ownership limit purposes, the Mexico-based stations put Clear Channel over the Federal Communications Commission limit of eight local broadcast outlets in San Diego. Clear Channel operates seven stations in the San Diego market, Finest City Broadcasting, a new company under the direction of former Clear Channel/San Diego VP/Market Manager Mike Glickenhaus, took over operations of the three stations. Glickenhaus left FCB in May 2007, in December 2009, Finest City, faced with massive debt and foreclosure, put the entire cluster up for sale
23.
XHGLX-FM
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XHGLX-FM is a Bilingual Top 40 radio station broadcasting from Tijuana in Spanish and English languages. XHTIM-FM came to air in 1990 carrying MVSs Stereorey format, and it started broadcasting on 103.3 MHz, the frequency that had been made available on March 16,1989 in the Diario Oficial de la Federación. However,103.3 was not a home for XHTIM. In an attempt to remediate its interference to KJQY, XHTIM found a new home at 91.5 MHz and this triggered the wrath of another American station, KUSC in Los Angeles. At the time, KUSC had been attempting to move its facility to Mount Wilson, the XHTIM allotment was short-spaced to KUSC by 23 kilometers, and XHTIM was causing interference to the classical music outlet well into the Los Angeles area. KUSC claimed XHTIM was operating illegally and chastised the Federal Communications Commission for assenting to the SCTs decision to let XHTIM move, the dispute between KUSC and XHTIM came to an amicable end in 1993. KUSC turned on a new transmitter, and on March 20, XHTIM moved to 91.7 MHz — a change that allowed XHTIM to ramp up power, later in 1993, XHTIM flipped to grupera as La Mejor. In 1999 it adopted the name Galaxy and a classic hits format, the Galaxy format was short-lived, with MVS changing the station to its then-new Exa FM format in 2001. The stations studio facilities moved to San Diego in May 2006, the first broadcast with the new format aired on May 5, with special guest Yahir. The station was launched by Programming Director Isabel Gonzalez, who exited the company in May 2007, from 2010-11, the station was known as Diego, in October 2011, the station returned to the Exa FM format as MVS moved Diego to 99.3 XHOCL. Official website Exa 91.7 FM official website Query the FCCs FM station database for XHGLX
24.
XHRM-FM
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XHRM-FM is an English-language Rhythmic adult contemporary radio station serving the areas of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico and San Diego, California, United States. Licensed to Tijuana, the broadcasts at 92.5 MHz on the FM Radio band. XHRMs concession is held by the Mexican company Comunicación XERSA, S. A. de C. V. the stations studios are in San Diegos Sorrento Valley district. XHRM was tentatively assigned in 1967 to José Luis Rivas Marentes,92.5 FM debuted in February 1979 as San Diegos first Urban contemporary FM station, featuring soul, rap, and gospel music. Although owned by a Mexican company, it was programmed by a U. S. company, at the time, it was the only San Diego station managed by blacks and programmed specifically for the black community. XHRM became one of the first stations in the U. S. to regularly play Freestyle songs as a part of their playlist, the combination of Latin-based Freestyle songs along with the stations original mainstream R&B sound was a success and was the stations signature for the decade. In 1988 and 1989, a dispute opened between the US programmers and the Mexican concession holders, the stations studio equipment also began to fail, which exacerbated its problems. The programmers ceased to pay their fees in a last-ditch effort to get Radio Moderna Mexicana to bail them out. In November 1989, Radio Moderna Mexicana ordered the US programmers to cease operating the station for non-payment, by May 1990, XHRM returned to their Urban direction and rebilled itself as Hot 92.5. By that point, however, XHITZ had already made inroads by luring listeners to their station, XHRM later suffered a tragic setback when Rivas Marentes, the founding owner, died in a plane crash near Hermosillo that September. On June 29,1993, the changed to modern rock as 92.5 The Flash. In January 1998, due to low ratings, the station shifted towards a AAA format, on September 7,1998, at 7 PM, KMCG and its R&B format were moved to the 92.5 frequency. The format would evolve to Rhythmic Oldies under program director Rick Thomas. An on-air slogan, San Diegos Old School, highlighted the oldies aspect of the programming, by late 2009, a San Diego company, Finest City Broadcasting, was the programming operator of not only XHRM, but also two other Mexican-licensed stations, XHITZ and XETRA-FM. In January 2010, Local Media of America acquired most of the assets of Finest City Broadcasting, including these programming rights, Local Media of America changed their name to Local Media San Diego LLC in February,2011. In September 2011, XHRM promoted one of its personalities, Todd Himaka. In following months, the station began leaning towards Rhythmic AC and this followed Z90.3, Channel 933, and Q96 all tweaking their formats in the Contemporary hit music direction, away from Mainstream Top 40/Dance Top 40, mostly to compete with KEGY. In December 2012, XHRM picked up new competition in the form of KSSX, the intent of this agreement is to local ownership and operation of San Diegos top-rated radio stations
25.
XHA-FM
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XHA-FM or La Invasora 94.5 is a Spanish radio station. It is programmed by San Diego-based Uniradio, Inc. that owns and its license and transmitter is owned by a Mexican company. The station plays Regional Mexican music, the station carries similar programming to sister XHTY-FM, but caters to the Tijuana side of the border. XHA was the original XHTY-FM, coming to air after receiving its concession on July 20,1979, the XHTY callsign moved to 99.7, which had previously been XHAMR-FM. The move accompanied a format swap between the stations
26.
XHHIT-FM
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XHHIT-FM is a commercial radio station located in Tecate, Baja California, broadcasting to the Tijuana, Baja California and San Diego, California area on 95.3 FM. XHHIT airs a Regional Mexican music format branded as La Caliente, xHATE-FM received its concession on November 7,1988. It was owned by Enrique Regules Uriegas, who owned stations for Multimedios. In 1993, XHATE moved from 99.3 to 95.3 MHz, the move served as part of a bigger frequency shuffle that moved XHKY-FM to 99.3 and US station KKOS to 95.7. On May 18,2004, XHATE became XHHIT-FM, at the time, it was carrying Multimedioss Stereo Hits format
27.
XHOCL-FM
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XHOCL-FM is a radio station in Tijuana, Baja California, owned by MVS Radio. It carries a Spanish AC format known as Diego, the concession history for XHOCL begins in the late 1960s, with tentative approval to establish XHQS-FM on 96.1 MHz. This station would have been owned by XHQS, S. A. in turn owned by Guillermo Núñez Keith, instead, XHQS, S. A. part of Víctor Díazs Califórmula Broadcasting received the concession for XHKY-FM95.7 on June 5,1975. In the 1980s it was known as Fiesta Mexicana, in the late 1980s, a binational frequency conflict led to a series of changes at XHKY. XHKY raised its power, causing interference to KKOS, a station on 95.9 FM at Carlsbad. In 2002, XHHCR was sold to Clear Channel and its Mexican affiliate XETRA Comunicaciones, the new ownership changed the name of the station to Country Music Bob while maintaining the format, this later moved to KUSS. From January 5,2004 until August 31,2005, the format was Oldies known as KOOL99.3, with this format flip came another new callsign, september 1,2005, the format flipped to Spanish language oldies known as La Preciosa. Clear Channel was forced to sell the stations it operated in Mexico after a 2003 FCC ruling that ruled those stations counted against US ownership caps, as a consequence, XHOCL was sold to MVS Radio. On August 1,2007 the station flipped to MVSs La Mejor grupera format, on October 1,2011, its name was changed to Diego 99.3 as sister station XHTIM90.7 took on the La Mejor format. XHTIM-FM Official website FCC sale information from late January 2007
28.
XHTY-FM
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XHTY-FM is a commercial radio station located in Tijuana, Baja California, broadcasting to the Tijuana, Baja California and San Diego, California area on 99.7 FM. XHTY-FM airs a regional Mexican music format branded as La Invasora which in English translates to The Invader, XHTY is programmed from San Diego, California by Uniradio, with its concession and transmitter owned by a Mexican company, Tijuana FM, and broadcasts in the hybrid HD format. XHB-FM received its concession in December 1964, specifying operation on 92.9 MHz, in October 1981, XHB became XHBCN-FM. In the late 1990s, XHBCN engaged in two callsign changes and it became XHAMR-FM in 1997, and two years later, it became XHTY-FM, taking the original callsign of its sister station, which became XHA-FM
29.
XHUAN-FM
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XHUAN-FM is a public radio station licensed to Tijuana, Baja California, owned by IMER, Mexicos public radio network. Like the Public Radio stations in the United States, IMER presents a variety of discussion, XHUAN broadcasts three channels in HD. XHUAN signed on in the summer of 1986, carrying matches from the 1986 FIFA World Cup and it formally launched on August 1,1986, and it held an inauguration ceremony on January 27,1987, attended by President Miguel de la Madrid. That same year, the station launched its own newscast, Enlace FM, in the mid-1990s, the local newscast was canceled and the format changed to grupera music, this lasted until 2002, when the station yet again returned to its public mixed format. The current Fusión format was introduced in 2006, focusing the station on jazz music, news and community programming
30.
XHLTN-FM
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XHLTN-FM is a commercial Spanish AC radio station in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, broadcasting on 104.5 MHz. It is also heard in the U. S. city of San Diego, the station came on air in 1970. Joaquín Vargas Gómez, founder of MVS Radio, received the concession for XHOK-FM in December 1970, however, Vargas Gómez did not put the station on air. It would not be until December 1971 that the station signed on and it had been rebadged XHERS-FM and was operated by Paul Schafers Time Sales Inc. from the United States. Time Sales, which held the operating rights to XHIS-FM90.3. The stations programming was produced at the Time Sales studios, at the Royal Inn at the Wharf in San Diego, while HIS Radio carried a hard-edge progressive rock format, HERS was programmed with softer rock. Not long after signing on, the Time Sales cluster began running into legal problems. In August 1974, the FCC ruled that Schafer and Time Sales violated the Brinkley Act with their operation, XHERS was listed in publications in this period as having a soul music format. By 1979, Vargas Gómez, who never incorporated XHERS into the MVS Radio operation, sold the station to XHERS, S. A. a concessionaire owned and operated by Califórmula Broadcasting and the owner of XHIS. The strike forced Díaz to sell to Organización Radio Centro and its head, Francisco Aguirre, two years later, Díaz bought back the stations and relaunched them with new formats and callsigns. The callsign was changed to XHLTN-FM in February 1984, coinciding with the change to the Radio Latina name, in 1993, two workers died on the XHLTN tower. They were installing a piece of transmission equipment, to which they were harnessed, when a cable gave way. XHLTN was acquired by Grupo Imagen in 2004, official website XHBJ-TV / XHLTN-FM tower pics, from broadcast engineer Donald Mussell Query the FCCs FM station database for XHLTN
31.
XHLNC-FM
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XHLNC-FM is a non-commercial radio station in Tecate, Baja California, Mexico, broadcasting on 104.9 MHz. It broadcasts in English and Spanish serving the Tijuana and San Diego, California, United States areas with studios in Chula Vista, California, the station was founded by Víctor Díaz, who owned Califórmula Broadcasting. Upon his death in 2004, Diaz stipulated that the continue with a classical format. XLNC1 began as a radio project showcasing classical music, evolving into a physical radio station on 90.7 MHz upon receiving its permit in January 2000. There are many in-house productions showcasing classical music, many of shows are hosted by announcer Kingsley McLaren. Aside from McLaren, other such as Sue Harland, Gabriela Guinea-Johnston. XHLNC was originally permitted to broadcast with a Class A1, 000-watt signal, due to the directional signal that it transmitted to the north, Los Angeless KPFK provided co-channel interference. The frequency was assigned by the Mexican government according to the terms of a treaty between the US and Mexico concerning radio stations near the border, on June 29,2007, the Federal Telecommunications Commission cleared XHLNC-FM to move to Cerro Bola in Tecate on 104.9 MHz. The frequency change finally occurred on February 10,2008, at first, the 90.7 frequency aired pre-recorded message by Gordon Brown stating that XLNC1 had moved to 104.9 FM. Because 104.9 had a noticeably narrower coverage area than 90.7, about two weeks after the frequency change XLNC1s e-mail newsletter reported that there was a faulty component in the transmitter that would take some time to replace. On February 26, XLNC1 decided to simulcast programming on both 90.7 and 104.9 frequencies, by fall of that year, XLNC1 had their 90.7 frequency taken back by the Mexican government, and they were broadcasting only on 104.9 FM. In 2010, XHTIM-FM was authorized to move from 97.7 to 90.7 and increase its power. As of July 2010, XLNC1 decided to remove the label Classical Music from its advertising and replace it with more terms such as Great Music, Beautiful Music. The decision was made to remove lengthy repertoire and opera from general programming in favor of lighter classical. This was explained as a method to reach out to younger listeners, the station continues to broadcast lengthier works in the evenings with programs entitled Gala Concerts. Official website Transmitter pictures of XHLNC-FM at its former Tijuana site, by broadcast engineer Donald Mussell
