1.
Tel Aviv
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Tel Aviv-Yafo is a major city in Israel, located on the countrys Mediterranean coastline. It is the center and the technology hub of Israel, with a population of 432,892. Tel Aviv is the largest city in the Gush Dan region of Israel, Tel Aviv is also a focal point in the high-tech concentration known as the Silicon Wadi. Tel Aviv is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, headed by Ron Huldai, Tel Aviv is a global city, and is the thirty eighth most important financial center in the world. Tel Aviv is known to have the third-largest economy of any city in the Middle East after Abu Dhabi and Kuwait City, the city receives over a million international visitors annually. Known as The City that Never Sleeps and a party capital, it has a lively nightlife, the city was founded in 1909 by Jewish immigrants on the outskirts of the ancient port city of Jaffa. It is named after the Hebrew translation of Theodor Herzls 1902 novel, Altneuland, the modern citys first neighbourhoods had already been established in 1886, the first being Neve Tzedek. Immigration by mostly Jewish refugees meant that the growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced Jaffas, Tel Aviv and Jaffa were merged into a single municipality in 1950, two years after the establishment of the State of Israel. Tel Avivs White City, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, Tel Aviv is the Hebrew title of Theodor Herzls Altneuland, translated from German by Nahum Sokolow. The name was chosen in 1910 from several suggestions, including Herzliya and it was found fitting as it embraced the idea of a renaissance in the ancient Jewish homeland. Aviv is Hebrew for spring, symbolizing renewal, and tel is a man-made mound accumulating layers of civilization built one over the other and symbolizing the ancient. Although founded in 1909 as a settlement on the sand dunes North of Jaffa. The marketing pamphlets advocating for its establishment in 1906, wrote, In this city we will build the streets so they have roads and sidewalks and electric lights. Every house will have water wells that will flow through pipes as in every modern European city. Since 1886, Jewish settlers had founded new neighborhoods outside Jaffa on the current territory of Tel Aviv, the first was Neve Tzedek, built on lands owned by Aharon Chelouche and inhabited primarily by Mizrahi Jews. Other neighborhoods were Neve Shalom, Yafa Nof, Achva, Ohel Moshe, Kerem HaTeimanim, once Tel Aviv received city status in the 1920s, those neighborhoods joined the newly formed municipality, now becoming separated from Jaffa. The Second Aliyah led to further expansion, in 1906, a group of Jews, among them residents of Jaffa, followed the initiative of Akiva Aryeh Weiss and banded together to form the Ahuzat Bayit society. The societys goal was to form a Hebrew urban centre in an environment, planned according to the rules of aesthetics
2.
Yedioth Ahronoth
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Yedioth Ahronoth is a national daily newspaper published in Tel Aviv, Israel. Founded in 1939 in Mandatory Palestine, the Yedioth Ahronoth has been for years the largest newspaper in Israel by sales. Yedioth Ahronoth was established in 1939 by an investor named Gershom Komarov and it was the first evening paper in the British Mandate of Palestine, and attempted to emulate the format of the London Evening Standard. Running into financial difficulties, Komarov sold the paper to Yehuda Mozes, a wealthy land dealer who regarded the paper as an interesting hobby and his sons, Reuben and Noah ran the paper with Noah as the first managing editor. In 1948, a group of journalists and staff members led by chief editor Ezriel Carlebach left to form Yedioth Maariv. Carlebach was replaced by Herzl Rosenblum and this began an ongoing battle for circulation and prestige between the rival newspapers, which peaked during the 1990s when both papers were discovered to have bugged one anothers phones. As of 2017, the paper is headed by Noah Mozess son, Arnon Mozes, for many years it was edited by Herzl Rosenblums son, Moshe Vardi, who was replaced in 2005 by Rafi Ginat. It is published in format, and according to one author, its marketing strategy emphasizes drama. It has been described as undoubtedly the countrys number-one paper, the paper is open to a wide range of political views. Shilo De-Beer was promoted to editor in April 2007.9 to 33.9 percent. In July 2010, a TGI survey reported that Israel HaYom had overtaken Yedioth Ahronoth as the most read newspaper in terms of exposure with a rate of 35. 2% compared to Yedioths 34. 9%. After only a few months of publication of a weekend edition, Yedioth Ahronoth is generally critical of Benjamin Netanyahu. Oren Frisco reached a conclusion after the 2009 Knesset elections, writing that throughout the campaign. List of newspapers in Israel Media of Israel Ynet, internet version of the newspaper in Hebrew Ynetnews, internet version of the newspaper in English Official website Official website of Ynetnews
3.
Hebrew language
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Hebrew is a language native to Israel, spoken by over 9 million people worldwide, of whom over 5 million are in Israel. Historically, it is regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors, the earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE. Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family, Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language left, and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language. Hebrew had ceased to be a spoken language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE, declining since the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Aramaic and to a lesser extent Greek were already in use as international languages, especially among elites and it survived into the medieval period as the language of Jewish liturgy, rabbinic literature, intra-Jewish commerce, and poetry. Then, in the 19th century, it was revived as a spoken and literary language, and, according to Ethnologue, had become, as of 1998, the language of 5 million people worldwide. After Israel, the United States has the second largest Hebrew-speaking population, with 220,000 fluent speakers, Modern Hebrew is one of the two official languages of the State of Israel, while premodern Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jewish communities around the world today. Ancient Hebrew is also the tongue of the Samaritans, while modern Hebrew or Arabic is their vernacular. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Leshon Hakodesh, the modern word Hebrew is derived from the word Ivri, one of several names for the Israelite people. It is traditionally understood to be a based on the name of Abrahams ancestor, Eber. This name is based upon the root ʕ-b-r meaning to cross over. Interpretations of the term ʕibrim link it to this verb, cross over, in the Bible, the Hebrew language is called Yәhudit because Judah was the surviving kingdom at the time of the quotation. In Isaiah 19,18 it is called the Language of Canaan, Hebrew belongs to the Canaanite group of languages. In turn, the Canaanite languages are a branch of the Northwest Semitic family of languages, according to Avraham ben-Yosef, Hebrew flourished as a spoken language in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah during about 1200 to 586 BCE. Scholars debate the degree to which Hebrew was a vernacular in ancient times following the Babylonian exile. In July 2008 Israeli archaeologist Yossi Garfinkel discovered a ceramic shard at Khirbet Qeiyafa which he claimed may be the earliest Hebrew writing yet discovered, dating around 3000 years ago. The Gezer calendar also dates back to the 10th century BCE at the beginning of the Monarchic Period, classified as Archaic Biblical Hebrew, the calendar presents a list of seasons and related agricultural activities. The Gezer calendar is written in an old Semitic script, akin to the Phoenician one that through the Greeks, the Gezer calendar is written without any vowels, and it does not use consonants to imply vowels even in the places where later Hebrew spelling requires it
4.
News
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NeWS is a discontinued windowing system developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid-1980s. Originally known as SunDew, its authors were James Gosling. The NeWS interpreter was based on PostScript extending it to allow interaction, like PostScript, NeWS could be used as a complete programming language, but unlike PostScript, NeWS could be used to make complete interactive programs with mouse support and a GUI. It also added a complete view hierarchy, based on known as canvases. Like the view system in most GUIs, NeWS included the concept of a tree of embedded views along which events were passed, for instance, a mouse click would generate an event that would be passed to the object directly under the mouse pointer, say a button. If this object did not respond to the event, the object under the button would then receive the message, the input handling system was designed to provide strong event synchronization guarantees that were not possible with asynchronous protocols like X. To support user interface widgets, NeWS expanded the original PostScript stack-based language into an object oriented programming style with inheritance. This eliminated the need for an external OO language to build a complete application, since all of these additions were implemented as extensions to PostScript, it was possible to write simple PostScript code that would result in a running, onscreen, interactive program. Two popular demonstration programs were an onscreen clock, which required about two pages of code, and a program which drew a pair of eyes that followed the cursor as it moved around the screen. The eyeball program was shown at SIGGRAPH in 1988, and was the inspiration for the later well-known X application xeyes, NeWS included several libraries of user interface elements, themselves written in NeWS. These widgets ran all of their behaviour in the NeWS interpreter, for example, a toggle buttons display routine can query the buttons state and change its display accordingly. The buttons PostScript code can also react to mouse clicks by changing its state from pressed to not pressed and vice versa. All this can happen in the server without interaction with the client program. If client and server are not on the machine, these interactions must travel over the network. NeWS was architecturally similar to what is now called AJAX, except that NeWS coherently, used PostScript graphics instead of DHTML and CSS for rendering. Used PostScript data instead of XML and JSON for data representation, the best example of such a library is TNT which Sun released in 1989. Sun also shipped an earlier Lite toolkit intended for example purposes, although adoption was never widespread, several companies licensed NeWS and adapted it for various uses. SGI used a version of it named 4Sight to replace their proprietary MEX windowing system, grasshopper Group created a Macintosh port called MacNeWS
5.
Yedioth Ahronot
–
Yedioth Ahronoth is a national daily newspaper published in Tel Aviv, Israel. Founded in 1939 in Mandatory Palestine, the Yedioth Ahronoth has been for years the largest newspaper in Israel by sales. Yedioth Ahronoth was established in 1939 by an investor named Gershom Komarov and it was the first evening paper in the British Mandate of Palestine, and attempted to emulate the format of the London Evening Standard. Running into financial difficulties, Komarov sold the paper to Yehuda Mozes, a wealthy land dealer who regarded the paper as an interesting hobby and his sons, Reuben and Noah ran the paper with Noah as the first managing editor. In 1948, a group of journalists and staff members led by chief editor Ezriel Carlebach left to form Yedioth Maariv. Carlebach was replaced by Herzl Rosenblum and this began an ongoing battle for circulation and prestige between the rival newspapers, which peaked during the 1990s when both papers were discovered to have bugged one anothers phones. As of 2017, the paper is headed by Noah Mozess son, Arnon Mozes, for many years it was edited by Herzl Rosenblums son, Moshe Vardi, who was replaced in 2005 by Rafi Ginat. It is published in format, and according to one author, its marketing strategy emphasizes drama. It has been described as undoubtedly the countrys number-one paper, the paper is open to a wide range of political views. Shilo De-Beer was promoted to editor in April 2007.9 to 33.9 percent. In July 2010, a TGI survey reported that Israel HaYom had overtaken Yedioth Ahronoth as the most read newspaper in terms of exposure with a rate of 35. 2% compared to Yedioths 34. 9%. After only a few months of publication of a weekend edition, Yedioth Ahronoth is generally critical of Benjamin Netanyahu. Oren Frisco reached a conclusion after the 2009 Knesset elections, writing that throughout the campaign. List of newspapers in Israel Media of Israel Ynet, internet version of the newspaper in Hebrew Ynetnews, internet version of the newspaper in English Official website Official website of Ynetnews
6.
Hebrew
–
Hebrew is a language native to Israel, spoken by over 9 million people worldwide, of whom over 5 million are in Israel. Historically, it is regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors, the earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE. Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family, Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language left, and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language. Hebrew had ceased to be a spoken language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE, declining since the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Aramaic and to a lesser extent Greek were already in use as international languages, especially among elites and it survived into the medieval period as the language of Jewish liturgy, rabbinic literature, intra-Jewish commerce, and poetry. Then, in the 19th century, it was revived as a spoken and literary language, and, according to Ethnologue, had become, as of 1998, the language of 5 million people worldwide. After Israel, the United States has the second largest Hebrew-speaking population, with 220,000 fluent speakers, Modern Hebrew is one of the two official languages of the State of Israel, while premodern Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jewish communities around the world today. Ancient Hebrew is also the tongue of the Samaritans, while modern Hebrew or Arabic is their vernacular. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Leshon Hakodesh, the modern word Hebrew is derived from the word Ivri, one of several names for the Israelite people. It is traditionally understood to be a based on the name of Abrahams ancestor, Eber. This name is based upon the root ʕ-b-r meaning to cross over. Interpretations of the term ʕibrim link it to this verb, cross over, in the Bible, the Hebrew language is called Yәhudit because Judah was the surviving kingdom at the time of the quotation. In Isaiah 19,18 it is called the Language of Canaan, Hebrew belongs to the Canaanite group of languages. In turn, the Canaanite languages are a branch of the Northwest Semitic family of languages, according to Avraham ben-Yosef, Hebrew flourished as a spoken language in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah during about 1200 to 586 BCE. Scholars debate the degree to which Hebrew was a vernacular in ancient times following the Babylonian exile. In July 2008 Israeli archaeologist Yossi Garfinkel discovered a ceramic shard at Khirbet Qeiyafa which he claimed may be the earliest Hebrew writing yet discovered, dating around 3000 years ago. The Gezer calendar also dates back to the 10th century BCE at the beginning of the Monarchic Period, classified as Archaic Biblical Hebrew, the calendar presents a list of seasons and related agricultural activities. The Gezer calendar is written in an old Semitic script, akin to the Phoenician one that through the Greeks, the Gezer calendar is written without any vowels, and it does not use consonants to imply vowels even in the places where later Hebrew spelling requires it
7.
Mentha
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Mentha is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is estimated that 13 to 18 species exist, and the distinction between species is still unclear. Hybridization between some of the species occur naturally, many other hybrids, as well as numerous cultivars, are known. The genus has a distribution across Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial, rarely annual herbs and they have wide-spreading underground and overground stolons and erect, square, branched stems. The leaves are arranged in pairs, from oblong to lanceolate, often downy. Leaf colors range from green and gray-green to purple, blue. The flowers are white to purple and produced in whorls called verticillasters. The corolla is two-lipped with four lobes, the upper lobe usually the largest. The fruit is a nutlet, containing one to four seeds, while the species that make up the Mentha genus are widely distributed and can be found in many environments, most grow best in wet environments and moist soils. Mints will grow 10–120 cm tall and can spread over an indeterminate area, due to their tendency to spread unchecked, some mints are considered invasive. The list below all of the taxa recognized as species in recent works on Mentha. No author has recognized all of them, as with all biological classifications of plants, this list can go out of date at a moments notice. Common names are given for species that have them. Synonyms, along with cultivars and varieties, are given in articles on the species, Mentha is a member of the tribe Mentheae in the subfamily Nepetoideae. The tribe contains about 65 genera, and relationships within it remain obscure, authors have disagreed on the circumscription of Mentha. Some authors have excluded M. cervina from the genus, M. cunninghamii has also been excluded by some authors, even in some recent treatments of the genus. In 2004, a phylogenetic study indicated both of these species should be included in Mentha
8.
Walla!
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Communications Ltd. is an Israeli internet company headquartered in Tel Aviv and is fully owned by Bezeq. Walla. s web portal provides news, search and e-mail and it is also one of the first Israeli internet portals, and is considered as one of the most popular web sites in the country. As of October 2016, Alexa rankings put it in the top 9 sites by traffic originating in Israel, in 1998, the company, traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, changed its name to Walla. In the same year, the company was acquired by Formula Systems, headed by Dan Goldstein, and in 2001 it merged with IOL, Walla. provides news from Israel and around the world,24 hours a day. Most news stories appear in Walla. came from the Haaretz Group, news agencies. However, during the year 2006, Walla. started building an independent news and editorial staff, produces original content in various fields such as sports, cinema, music, fashion and food. The website offers many programs and services, an engine, E-mail, online shops, chats. The site provides trading categories such as in electricity products, smartphones and mobile phones, furniture, e-commerce in Israel for 2012 was estimated by Google Israel as totaling a minor figure of $1 billion. Displays the articles under the headline Walla. pedia, but mentions that the articles originated from Wikipedia, unlike Wikipedia, the users cannot edit the articles and the former versions and history of the articles are not shown. Yad2 – classifieds with listings for cars, apartments, items for sale, services and more
9.
Google Trends
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The horizontal axis of the main graph represents time, and the vertical is how often a term is searched for relative to the total number of searches, globally. Below the main graph, popularity is broken down by countries, regions, cities, note that what Google calls language, however, does not display the relative results of searches in different languages for the same term. It only displays the relative combined search volumes from all countries that share a particular language and it is possible to refine the main graph by region and time period. On August 5,2008, Google launched Google Insights for Search, on September 27,2012, Google merged Google Insights for Search into Google Trends. Google Trends also allows the user to compare the volume of searches between two or more terms, an additional feature of Google Trends is in its ability to show news related to the search-term overlaid on the chart, showing how new events affect search popularity. Originally, Google neglected updating Google Trends on a regular basis, in March 2007, internet bloggers noticed that Google had not added new data since November 2006, and Trends was updated within a week. Google did not update Trends from March until July 30, and only after it was blogged about, Google now claims to be updating the information provided by Google Trends daily, Hot Trends is updated hourly. On August 6,2008, Google launched a service called Insights for Search. Insights for Search is an extension of Google Trends and although the tool is meant for marketers, the tool allows for the tracking of various words and phrases that are typed into Google’s search-box. The tracking device provided an analysis of results. It also has the ability to categorize and organize the data, in 2012, the Insights for Search has been merged into Google Trends with a new interface. In 2009, Yossi Matias et al. published research on the predictability of search trends, in a series of highly influential articles in The New York Times, Seth Stephens-Davidowitz used Google Trends to measure a variety of behaviors. For example, in June 2012, he argued that search volume for the word nigger could be used to measure racism in different parts of the United States. Correlating this measure with Obamas vote share, he calculated that Obama lost about 4 percentage points due to racial animus in the 2008 presidential election and he also used Google data, along with other sources, to estimate the size of the gay population. This article noted that the most popular search beginning is my husband is is my husband gay, in addition, he found that American parents were more likely to search is my son gifted. But they were likely to search is my daughter overweight. He also examined cultural differences in attitudes around pregnancy, evidence is provided by Jeremy Ginsberg et al. that Google Trends data can be used to track influenza-like illness in a population. A more sophisticated model for inferring influenza rates from Google Trends, inferences from this model for England are presented on the Flu Detector website
10.
Alexa Internet
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Alexa Internet, Inc. is a California-based company that provides commercial web traffic data and analytics. It is an owned subsidiary of Amazon. com. Founded as an independent company in 1996, Alexa was acquired by Amazon in 1999 and its toolbar collects data on browsing behavior and transmits them to the Alexa website, where they are stored and analyzed. This is the basis for the web traffic reporting. According to its website, Alexa provides traffic data, global rankings, as of 2015, its website has been visited by over 6.5 million people monthly. Alexa Internet was founded in April 1996 by American web entrepreneurs Brewster Kahle, Alexa initially offered a toolbar that gave Internet users suggestions on where to go next, based on the traffic patterns of its user community. The company also offered context for each site visited, to whom it was registered, how many pages it had, how other sites pointed to it. Alexas operations grew to include archiving of web pages as they are crawled and this database served as the basis for the creation of the Internet Archive accessible through the Wayback Machine. In 1998, the company donated a copy of the archive, Alexa continues to supply the Internet Archive with Web crawls. In 1999, as the company moved away from its vision of providing an intelligent search engine. Alexa began a partnership with Google in early 2002, and with the web directory DMOZ in January 2003, in May 2006, replaced Google with Bing as a provider of search results. In December 2006, Amazon released Alexa Image Search, built in-house, it was the first major application built on the companys Web platform. In December 2005, Alexa opened its extensive search index and Web-crawling facilities to third-party programs through a set of Web services. These could be used, for instance, to construct vertical search engines that could run on Alexas own servers or elsewhere. In May 2007, Alexa changed their API to limit comparisons to three websites, reduce the size of embedded graphs in Flash, and add mandatory embedded BritePic advertisements. In April 2007, the company filed a lawsuit, Alexa v. Hornbaker, in the lawsuit, Alexa alleged that Ron Hornbaker was stealing traffic graphs for profit, and that the primary purpose of his site was to display graphs that were generated by Alexas servers. Hornbaker removed the term Alexa from his name on March 19,2007. Thereafter, Alexa became a purely analytics-focused company, on March 31,2009, Alexa launched a major website redesign
11.
Yom Ha'atzmaut
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Independence Day is the national day of Israel, commemorating the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948. It is celebrated either on the 5th of Iyar, according to the Hebrew calendar, or on one of the preceding or following days, Yom Hazikaron, the Israeli Fallen Soldiers and Victims of Terrorism Remembrance Day is followed by Independence Day. Independence Day is founded on the declaration of the establishment of the State of Israel by the Jewish leadership headed by future Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion on 14 May 1948, the mood outside of Ben-Gurions home just prior to the declaration was joyous, The Jews of Palestine. Independence was declared eight hours before the end of the British Mandate of Palestine, the operative paragraph concludes with the words of Ben-Gurion, where he thereby declares the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel. Most of the events take place in Jerusalem, the seat of Israels government. An official ceremony is held every year on Mount Herzl, Jerusalem on the evening of Independence Day, every year a dozen Israeli citizens, who made a significant social contribution in a selected area, are invited to light the torches. Many cities hold outdoor performances in cities squares featuring leading Israeli singers, streets around the squares are closed to cars, allowing people to sing and dance in the streets. Reception of the President of Israel for honouring excellence in 120 IDF soldiers, the event takes place in the Presidents official residence in Jerusalem. International Bible Contest in Jerusalem Israel Prize ceremony in Jerusalem Israel Defense Forces opens some of its bases to the public, Israel Defense Forces parade Hebrew Song Contest Israeli families, regardless of religious observance or affiliation, celebrate with picnics and barbecues. Balconies are decorated with Israeli flags, and small flags are attached to car windows, some leave the flags hoisted until after Yom Yerushalayim. Israeli Television channels air the events live, and classic cult Israeli movies. In response to public feeling, the Chief Rabbinate in Israel decided during 1950–51 that Independence Day should be given the status of a minor Jewish holiday on which Hallel be recited. The Rabbinate also ruled that they were unable to sanction instrumental music, the recitation of the blessing over Hallel was introduced in 1973 by Israeli Chief Rabbi Shlomo Goren. The innovation was strongly denounced by his Sephardic counterpart, Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, Soloveitchik, leader of Modern Orthodox Judaism in America. Other changes to the daily prayers include reciting Hallel, saying the expanded Pesukei DZimrah of Shabbat, Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik questioned the Halachic imperative in canonising these changes. In any case, the majority of his students recite Hallel without the blessings, a number of authorities have promoted the inclusion of a version of Al Hanisim in the Amidah prayer. Most Haredim make no changes in their daily prayers, some even fast on this day and recite prayers for fast days. The Conservative Movement read the Torah portion of Deuteronomy 7, 12–8,18, the Reform Movement suggests the inclusion of Yaaleh Vyavo in the Amidah prayer
12.
Yitzhak Rabin
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Yitzhak Rabin was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995, Rabin was born in Jerusalem to Ukrainian-Jewish immigrants and was raised in a Labor Zionist household. He learned agriculture in school and excelled as a student and he led a 27-year career as a soldier. As a teenager he joined the Palmach, the force of the Yishuv. He eventually rose through its ranks to become its chief of operations during Israels War of Independence and he joined the newly formed Israel Defense Forces in late 1948 and continued to rise as a promising officer. He helped shape the training doctrine of the IDF in the early 1950s and he was appointed Chief of the General Staff in 1964 and oversaw Israels victory in the 1967 Six-Day War. Rabin served as Israels ambassador to the United States from 1968 to 1973 and he was appointed Prime Minister of Israel in 1974, after the resignation of Golda Meir. In his first term, Rabin signed the Sinai Interim Agreement and he resigned in 1977 in the wake of a financial scandal. Rabin was Israels minister of defense for much of the 1980s, in 1992, Rabin was re-elected as prime minister on a platform embracing the Israeli–Palestinian peace process. He signed several agreements with the Palestinian leadership as part of the Oslo Accords. In 1994, Rabin won the Nobel Peace Prize together with long-time political rival Shimon Peres, Rabin also signed a peace treaty with Jordan in 1994. In November 1995, he was assassinated by an extremist named Yigal Amir, Rabin was the first native-born prime minister of Israel, the only prime minister to be assassinated and the second to die in office after Levi Eshkol. Rabin has become a symbol of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, Nehemiah Rubitzov was born in the shtetl Sydorovychi near Ivankiv in the southern Pale of Settlement. His father Menachem died when he was a boy, and Nehemiah worked to support his family from an early age, at the age of 18, he emigrated to the United States, where he joined the Poale Zion party and changed his surname to Rabin. In 1917, Nehemiah went to Mandatory Palestine with a group of volunteers from the Jewish Legion, yitzhaks mother, Rosa Cohen, was born in 1890 in Mogilev in Belarus. Her father, a rabbi, opposed the Zionist movement and sent Rosa to a Christian high school for girls in Gomel, early on, Rosa took an interest in political and social causes. In 1919, she traveled to the region on the steamship Ruslan, after working on a kibbutz on the shores of the Sea of Galilee, she moved to Jerusalem. Rabins parents met in Jerusalem during the 1920 Nebi Musa riots and they moved to Tel Avivs Chlenov Street near Jaffa in 1923
13.
David Ben-Gurion
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David Ben-Gurion was the primary founder of the State of Israel and the first Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Gurions passion for Zionism, which early in life, led him to become a major Zionist leader. On 14 May 1948, he proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel, and was the first to sign the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Ben-Gurion led Israel during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and united the various Jewish militias into the Israel Defense Forces, subsequently, he became known as Israels founding father. Following the war, Ben-Gurion served as Israels first Prime Minister and Minister of Defense, as Prime Minister, he helped build the state institutions, presiding over various national projects aimed at the development of the country. He also oversaw the absorption of vast numbers of Jews from all over the world, a centerpiece of his foreign policy was improving relationships with the West Germans. He worked very well with Konrad Adenauers government in Bonn, in 1954 he resigned as both Prime Minister and Minister of Defense, although he remained a member of the Knesset. However, he returned as Minister of Defense in 1955 after the Lavon Affair resulted in the resignation of Pinhas Lavon, later in the year he became Prime Minister again, following the 1955 elections. He stepped down from office in 1963, and retired from life in 1970. He then moved to Sde Boker, a kibbutz in the Negev desert, posthumously, Ben-Gurion was named one of Time magazines 100 Most Important People of the 20th century. David Ben-Gurion was born in Płońsk in Congress Poland – then part of the Russian Empire and his father, Avigdor Grün, was a lawyer and a leader in the Hovevei Zion movement. His mother, Scheindel, died when he was 11 years old, Ben-Gurions birth certificate, when rediscovered in Poland in 2003, indicated that he had a twin brother who died shortly after birth. At the age of 14 he and two formed a youth club, Ezra, promoting Hebrew studies and emigration to the Holy Land. In 1905, as a student at the University of Warsaw and he was arrested twice during the Russian Revolution of 1905. Ben-Gurion discussed his hometown in his memoirs, saying, For many of us, I personally never suffered anti-Semitic persecution. Płońsk was remarkably free of it, nevertheless, and I think this very significant, it was Płońsk that sent the highest proportion of Jews to Eretz Israel from any town in Poland of comparable size. We emigrated not for reasons of escape but for the positive purpose of rebuilding a homeland. Life in Płońsk was peaceful enough, there were three main communities, Russians, Jews and Poles
14.
Ron Ben Yishay
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Ron Ben-Yishai is an Israeli journalist. A veteran war correspondent, Ben-Yishai has covered many conflicts in several different regions. Ben-Yishai was born in Jerusalem in 1943 and he graduated from the military boarding school near the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa in 1961. He joined the Israel Defense Forces and served in the Paratroopers Brigade and he finished an infantry officers course and platoon commanders course, in addition to several command courses. He served in field units as a reservist. He received a B. A. in economics and geography from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1967 and he is divorced with three children and lives in Tel Aviv. He is a lecturer on media and journalism at Tel Aviv University, in 2008, he was cast in Israeli filmmaker Ari Folmans animated film Waltz with Bashir, to retell his role in the 1982 Lebanon War. He speaks Hebrew, English and German, and partly Arabic, in June 1966 he began working as a financial reporter for Kol Yisrael, a position he held until June 1967. During that time he produced various radio programs. During the War of Attrition he was Kol Yisraels military correspondent, during that period he was injured while covering an IDF raid on a Fatah camp in Petra, after which he edited Kol Yisraels current affairs programs. In December 1969 he joined the Israeli Television, in June 1970 he was wounded in an IDF raid in the Golan Heights, after which he became secretary of the Israeli Televisions news board. From 1972 to 1976 he also reported for radio and television from Europe and he produced and edited various documentaries. In 1973 he covered the Yom Kippur War, on October 22, he accompanied an Israeli battalion near Ismailia. As he was leaving, the force was heavily bombarded and dozens of soldiers were wounded, under fire, he took the paramedics equipment and attended the wounded. For that, he was awarded the Chief of Staff Citation by the Israeli Chief of Staff, Mordechai Gur and he produced and edited a television special on the lessons of the war. He covered the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 and also travelled to Portugal to make a documentary about the Marranos or secret Jews, from 1978 to 1981 he was Yediot Aharonots political correspondent in Washington, D. C. Meanwhile, he was a commentator for ABC, in 1981 he returned to the Israeli Television as a military correspondent. He covered the 1982 Lebanon War, in September, he informed the Israeli Minister of Defense, Ariel Sharon, of an alleged massacre being committed by the Phalangists in the Sabra and Shatila camps in Beirut
15.
Media of Israel
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The media of Israel refers to print, broadcast and online media available in the State of Israel. There are over 10 different languages in the Israeli media, with Hebrew as the predominant one, Press in Arabic caters to the Arab citizens of Israel, with readers from areas including those governed by the Palestinian National Authority. Today, three large, privately owned conglomerates based in Tel Aviv dominate the media in Israel. Censorship in Israel is relatively low compared to countries. When an item is censored, the newspaper may appeal the ruling to a committee of three, composed of a member of the public, a representative of the army and a representative of the press. The decisions of the committee are binding, and over the years it has in many cases overruled the decision of the censor. The history of the began in 1863, before Israeli independence and during the Ottoman Empire, with Ha-Levanon. In 1952, the International Publishing Company J-M Ltd was established as the states first book publisher, censorship was regularly enforced in years after independence, throughout the Yom Kippur War and the 1970s. In 1986, the government allowed for the establishment of private, the Israeli government generally respects freedom of the press, which is protected by the Basic Laws of Israel and independent judiciary. Hate speech, and publishing praise of violence or issues of security is prohibited. The media does carry criticism of government policy, publication of a newspaper in Israel is illegal without a permit from the government, which continues to implement the Press Ordinance enacted by the Mandatory Government in 1933. Permits can be refused for a variety of reasons, including that the proprietor is less than 25 years old or has a record or insufficient education. An investigation by Haaretz early in 2016 revealed that in the decade at least 62 out of more than 500 permit applications had been rejected. Other regulations, including the 1945 Defence Regulations, can also be used to regulate newspaper publication, Freedom House publishes an annual Freedom of the Press report. In 2015 Reporters Without Borders ranked Israel 96th in their World Press Freedom Index, after Kuwait, North Cyprus, Kosovo, since 2002, Reporters Without Borders publishes an annual report on worldwide press freedom, called the Press Freedom Index. BSheva – Hebrew-language weekly religious newspaper, calcalist – Hebrew-language daily business newspaper. Globes – Hebrew-language daily business newspaper, Haaretz – Israels oldest daily newspaper with Hebrew and English editions. Hamodia – daily Haredi newspaper with Hebrew, English and French editions, Israel Hayom – Hebrew-language free daily newspaper
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Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
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Calcalist
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Calcalist is a daily business newspaper and website. Calcalist was first published on 18 February 2008, and currently runs five days a week, the paper is published in Israel by the Yedioth Ahronoth Group. The group also publishes Yedioth Ahronoth, the countrys most widely circulated newspaper, the founder and publisher is Yoel Esteron, formerly the managing editor for Yedioth Ahronoth, and its editor is Galit Hemi. It is circulated nationwide and its articles feature regularly in the biggest Israeli news website Ynet as well as in the edition of Yedioth Ahronoth. The newspaper is divided into four sections, news, daily columns – some regular and some rotating, the market – a separate addendum appearing Monday through Thursday, and 2016, the lifestyle section. Calcalist. co. il publishes most stories and articles from the newspaper, as well as news updates throughout the day and special digital features. According to TIM, which monitors Israeli websites, Calcalist. co. il has 740,000 unique hits per week, in recent years Calcalist is also recognized as the leader in national conferences, among them the prestigious Israel forecasts and the innovative start-ups competitions. The newspapers slogan is Israel is connecting to economics, according to the newspapers management, Calcalist targets professionals in the fields of economy, law and business, but at the same time tries to appeal to a larger audience. Globes TheMarker List of Israeli newspapers Official website
