Güeñes
The council of Güeñes is a municipality in the county of Encartaciones. It is furrowed by the waters of the river Cadagua and forms with its neighbor, the municipality of Zalla, Salcedo Valley. In the North it borders Galdames and k, its more important centres of population are Güeñes, The Quadra, Zaramillo and San Pedro de Goicouría. The towns of Sodupe, La Quadra and the administrative centre, Güeñes, all lie within the region. Central Güeñes - 2213 La Quadra - 420 Sodupe - 5117 Zaramillo - 510 Total 8.258 -. In ancient times, it was included in the Valley of Salcedo, formed by two councils: Güeñes and Zalla; the valley of Salcedo was founded in the late 12th century by Count D. Rubio Diaz de Asturias, who ordered the building of the Tower of Salcedo of Aranguti, on transformed into a palace, he was succeeded by his daughter Maria de Salcedo, married to Mr. of Ayala. Ayala and Salcedo would remain together for the rest of the 12th century and the first half of the 13th century, under the successive domination of Sancho Garcia "the headstrong" and Hurtado Sanz.
They were not, the only eminent "owners" of the valley: other characters wielded power in the area, such as Martin Sancho de Santa Marina. In the early 13th century, Hurtado Sanz de Salcedo, had a daughter who had two bastard children with Martin Sanchez of Santa Marina: Lope Sanchez, who received Gordexola as inheritance and Sancho Ortiz Marroquin,who kept Zalla and Güeñes. A generation Marroquin divided among three of his four children all their possessions in Salcedo, thus giving rise to three lineages. In the valley of Salcedo direct clashes began at a late date, during the mid 14th century. Relationships between different lineages were difficult. Many of their differences seem to have started from Sancho Ortiz Marroquin’s territorial divisions. Despite the opposition from Salcedo, Montermoso still had effective control of the region after the death of Juan Sanchez, the Marroquines' territorial demands began to increase. All sides were well defended, they all fought tirelessly for the control of the region: zamudianos of Salcedo, Salazares and Muñatones on one hand and marroquines and gordojanos on the other.
By 1400, the Salazar Salcedo allied with the marroquines. The atmosphere of generalized violence endured all over the territory, forcing the lords of Vizcaya and kings of Castile to take action on the matter, it was difficult to impose rules, when the lieutenants of the nobles used them for their own profit. Therefore, it became necessary to resort to outsiders. Violence began to subside during the last years of the 15th century. There was a change in economic conditions, both production and population increased: the causes that had led to struggle began to disappear. During the first half of the 16th century, disputes concerning neighbouring municipal borders were resolved: In January 1507, the councils of Güeñes and Gordejuela gathered to mark their respective terms and limits, in order not to contravene the jurisdiction of its justices. On February 27 in the same year, the representatives of these councils proceeded to the demarcation. During this period of time, iron production and the expansion of cultivated areas acquired a important role.
Güeñes featured another engine that underpinned its demographic expansion: the works of the church of Santa Maria, which provided work for a good number of workers. On April 17, 1624, the General Meeting of the Lordship of Biscay, contemplating the possibility of an attack by Dutch ships, decided to fortify the ports and coasts and appoint captains in all the villas and parish churches of Vizcaya. In September 1642, Mr. Jacinto Hurtado de Tavisón, permanent mayor of the council of Güeñes, asked for the full incorporation of Güeñes into his manor. In 1704 there were 202 fires in Güeñes, emerging from a "fogueramiento" continuing throughout this year; this fire was started by the General Meeting of the manor on 28 June, in order to mark the divisions of the estate. From the outbreak of 1766, Güeñes suffered a long series of bad harvests, strong fiscal demands and diseases; this growth forced the regiment to suppress direct taxes between 1772 and 1775 and spread land among neighbours, so that they could increase their resources.
The Board of Merindades of 13 August 1799 had determined the full incorporation of the Encartaciones to the Lordship and had approved the conditions of such a union. On 25 May 1800, authorities of the council of Güeñes met in the City Hall. On February 2 a committee was appointed to be responsible for conferring with the authorities of the manor. On 14 July 1800, the General Meetings of Guernica ended up incorporating the Lordship of Güeñes. In the War of 1808 a Gallic detachment settled its headquarters in Sodupe, causing a major upheaval: the war absorbed a high percentage of local agricultural production as "rations" for troops; the Basque Nationalist Party has been governing Güeñes for the last 37 years. These are the elected mayors to date: 1979-1983 Pedro María Saracho Cortajarena 1983-1987 Manuel Jarrín Totorica 1987-1991 Jose María Larrucea Ulibarri 1991-2003 Guillermo Ibarra Vitorica 2003-2015 Koldo Artaraz Martín 2015-now Imanol Zuluaga Zamalloa Jacinto de Romarate,distinguished marine who defended Montevideo from the patriot siege in the American War of Independence.
Daniel Ruiz Bazán, football player of Athletic Club during the 1970s and 1980s. Born in Sodupe. Rosa Díez, pol
Basque Country (autonomous community)
The Basque Country the Basque Autonomous Community is an autonomous community in northern Spain. It includes the Basque provinces of Álava and Gipuzkoa; the Basque Country or Basque Autonomous Community was granted the status of nationality within Spain, attributed by the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The autonomous community is based on the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country, a foundational legal document providing the framework for the development of the Basque people on Spanish soil. Navarre, which had narrowly rejected a joint statue of autonomy with Gipuzkoa, Álava and Biscay in 1932, was granted a separate statute in 1982. There is no official capital in the autonomous community, but the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz, in the province of Álava, is the de facto capital as the location of the Basque Parliament, the headquarters of the Basque Government, the residence of the President of the Basque Autonomous Community; the High Court of Justice of the Basque Country has its headquarters in the city of Bilbao.
Whilst Vitoria-Gasteiz is the largest municipality in area, with 277 km2, Bilbao is the largest in population, with 353,187 people, located in the province of Biscay within a conurbation of 875,552 people. The term Basque Country may refer to the larger cultural region, the home of the Basque people, which includes the autonomous community; the following provinces make up the autonomous community: Álava, capital Vitoria-Gasteiz Biscay, capital Bilbao-Bilbo Gipuzkoa, capital Donostia-San Sebastián The Basque Country borders Cantabria and the Burgos province to the west, the Bay of Biscay to the north and Navarre to the east and La Rioja to the south. The territory has three distinct areas, which are defined by the two parallel ranges of the Basque Mountains; the main range of mountains forms the watershed between the Mediterranean basins. The highest point of the range is in the Aizkorri massif; the three areas are: Formed by many valleys with short rivers that flow from the mountains to the Bay of Biscay, like the Nervión, Urola or Oria.
The coast is rough, with small inlets. The main features of the coast are the Bilbao Abra Bay and the Estuary of Bilbao, the Urdaibai estuary and the Bidasoa-Txingudi Bay that forms the border with France. Between the two mountain ranges, the area is occupied by a high plateau called Llanada Alavesa, where the capital Vitoria-Gasteiz is located; the rivers flow south from the mountains to the Ebro River. The main rivers are the Zadorra Bayas River. From the southern mountains to the Ebro is the so-called Rioja Alavesa, which shares the Mediterranean characteristics of other Ebro Valley zones; some of Spain's production of Rioja wine takes place here. The Basque Mountains form the watershed and mark the distinct climatic areas of the Basque Country: The northern valleys, in Biscay and Gipuzkoa and the valley of Ayala in Álava, are part of Green Spain, where the oceanic climate is predominant, with its wet weather all year round and moderate temperatures. Precipitation average is about 1200 mm; the middle section is influenced more by the continental climate, but with a varying degree of the northern oceanic climate.
This gives cold, snowy winters. The Ebro valley has a pure continental climate: winters are cold and dry and summers warm and dry, with precipitation peaking in spring and autumn. Precipitation is irregular, as low as 300 mm. Half of the 2,155,546 inhabitants of the Basque Autonomous Community live in Greater Bilbao, Bilbao's metropolitan area. Of the ten most populous cities, six form part of Bilbao's conurbation, known as Greater Bilbao. With 28.2% of the Basque population born outside this region, immigration is crucial to Basque demographics. Over the 20th century most of this immigration came from other parts of Spain from Galicia or Castile and León. Over recent years, sizeable numbers of this population have returned to their birthplaces and most immigration to the Basque country now comes from abroad, chiefly from South America. Roman Catholicism is, by far, the largest religion in the Basque Country. In 2012, the proportion of Basques that identified themselves as Roman Catholic was 58.6%, while it is one of the most secularised communities of Spain: 24.6% were non-religious and 12.3% of Basques were atheist.
Bilbao-Bilbo Vitoria-Gasteiz San Sebastián-Donostia Barakaldo Getxo Irun Portugalete Santurtzi Basauri Errenteria Spanish and Basque are co-official in all territories of the autonomous community. The Basque-speaking areas in the modern-day autonomous community are set against the wider context of the Basque language, spoken to the east in Navarre and the French Basque Country; the whole Basque speaking territory has experienced both expansion in its history. The Basque language experienced a gradual territorial contraction throughout the last nine centuries, severe deterioration of its sociolinguistic status for much of the 20th century due to heavy immigration from other parts of Spain, the virtual nonexistence of Basque language schooling, national policies implemented by the different Spanish régimes. After the advent of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Countr
Valle de Trápaga-Trapagaran
Valle de Trápaga-Trapagaran is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. It is located near Barakaldo and Ortuella. Iron ore has been mined here since Roman times and the two parts of the municipality, which are at different altitudes, are linked by a funicular railway. Valle de Trápaga-Trapagaran is located 12 km from Bilbao in the Triano mountain range in the province of Biscay; the municipality is divided into two zones. Ninety percent of the population live in the lower zone in the neighbourhoods of Durañona, El Juncal, Galindo-Salcedillo, Valle de Trápaga, the administrative centre, Trápaga-Caused and Ugarte; the upper zone is in the mountains of Triano, the neighbourhoods here are La Arboleda, Matamoros-Burzaco, Parcocha-Barrionuevo and La Reineta. The European route E70 running along the north coast of Spain passes the town; the upper zone is connected by a funicular railway. The town of Valle de Trápaga-Trapagaran expanded with the mining activities and most of the buildings date from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The church of San José Obrero is built in Romanesque style while the churcht of San Juan Bautista is neoclassical, as is the city hall, built in the first decade of the twentieth century. Iron ore has been mined here since Roman times and there was a great increase in mining activity and residential development in the upper zone after the building of the railway in the late nineteenth century; the iron ore deposits became exhausted in the mid-twentieth century and now the area is residential and recreational, although traces of its industrial past remain. Many of the former mines have been flooded and turned into recreational areas with sports facilities and lakes stocked with fish. Valle de Trápaga-Trapagaran in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa – Auñamendi Encyclopedia
Durango, Biscay
Durango is a town and municipality of the historical territory and province of Biscay, located in the Basque Country, Spain. It is the main town of one of the comarcas of Biscay; because of its economical activities and population, Durango is considered one of the largest towns in Biscay after the ones that compose the conurbation of Greater Bilbao. Durango has 29,318 inhabitants; the town is crossed by three rivers. The Ibaizabal river is the main river, lies in the middle of its wide valley, with the scenic Urkiola mountain range and natural park to the south; the most important peak is the majestic Anboto. In addition, inside the town stand out two mountains: Pagasarri mugarra mountain. There are many differing opinions about the origin of the name Durango. Basque linguist Alfonso Irigoyen has suggested its origin to be in the name Duranco used in the early Middle Ages. Other authors suggest the name to be an evolved form of Padurango. In the confirmation of the town's fuero it is referred to as Tavira de Durango.
Until the 16th century, the town was known as Uribarri de Durango, Uribarri being Basque for "New town". It has been postulated by the Royal Basque Academy of the Language that the name Durango stems from the Latin name Turanicus a Roman fundus like many others in the Basque Country. While it is not known when Durango was founded, it was suzerain to the Kingdom of Navarre, is attested on an 1179 document revolving around territorial litigation between Alfonso VIII of Castile and Sancho VI of Navarre, The Wise; the impending threat of a military intervention conducted by King Alfonso VIII against the Navarrese led King Sancho VI to found other fortified towns, such as San Sebastián and Vitoria-Gasteiz. Between 1199 and 1201, King Alfonso VIII of Castile occupied the lordship of Durango and its hinterland, as well as other key western Basque districts. Durango went on to form part of the Crown of Castile, but former laws and institutions were upheld by the Castilian king. In the 15th century, Durango got engaged in the wider War of the Bands, with various conflicts involving the Ibarguen and Unzueta families.
During this period, tower houses belonging to different clans were erected, such as the ones of Arandoño, Etxebarria, Lariz and Otalora. Henry III and Henry IV, the Castilian Kings, were both received in Durango, as well as Queen Isabel of Castile, who enticed Durango and the Lordship of Biscay to her cause in exchange for ratifying their laws and institutions, i.e. she swore the fueros, favourable trade conditions. According to the municipal records, both monarchs took shelter in the Lariz Tower. In 1517 Durango was devastated by a terrible epidemic of plague that caused many deaths amongst the inhabitants; some years after the epidemic, in 1544, heavy flooding inundated a good part of the town. Just the opposite, in 1554 the town was ravaged by fire, burning all wooden buildings to the ground, i.e. all the buildings were burnt down. In 1597 another plague epidemic spread across the town; the Town Hall is recorded to have been built in the 16th century. The name Durango was used by conquistadores like Francisco de Ibarra to found more Durangos in America named after the Basque original one, e.g. a state in Mexico called Durango, whose principal city is called Durango.
During the 17th century, the town of Durango had to face up to the enormous human and economic cost incurred on the various wars the Crown of Castile embarked upon against France. Following heavy human losses suffered in battles and an episode of cholera epidemic, the town ended up ruined. At the end of the 19th century in 1882, the railway line from Bilbao to Durango was inaugurated. While the construction was expensive, during the early 20th century Durango flourished. On 31 March 1937, Durango was bombed by the Legion Condor, it was a busy shopping day—St. Maria, the central church with a covered marketplace, was targeted. More than 500 people were killed in the following days; the Kurutziaga Cross. It was built between early 16th century, it tells a story and it has a gothic style with a clear Flemish, German influence. Baroque Santa Ana's Arch, designed by local architect Juan de Herdoiza for the now disappeared line of walls; the arch was constructed to symbolise the town gates, through which the King was required to pass when he visited.
Mikeldi idol, of pre-Roman times. Lariz Tower is an urban palace, built around the end of the 15th century, it was renovated in 2009 and it is the Tourist Information Office of the town. It is believed that the Queen Isabella Catholic stayed overnight when she visited Durango in order to swear the regional laws and those of the Merindad de Durango. In the building there are decorative elements of the final Gothic such as large windows of seat or heights of taste Hispanic-Fleming and others of the Renaissance There is less heavy industry in the town than in the late 20th century, as it is being replaced by high density housing projects and shopping facilities. Durango was for many years the home of Euskal Telebista; this public television company broadcasts in Spanish. It has a global presence with satellite channel beamed across the world. ETB has moved to a new headquarters in Bilbao. In Durango, bes
Leioa
Leioa is a municipality in Biscay, Basque Country, in northern Spain. It is located south of Getxo and Berango delimitating south with Erandio. Today it is part of the Bilbao conurbation, its population stands at 30,400. Leioa has an area of 8.36 square kilometres. The Udondo river constitutes the eastern limit of the municipality. Leioa has its origins in 1526, before which it was part of the "anteiglesia de Erandio", it was a village with no more than 8000 people until the 1960s, when development came its way, as Bilbao expanded. Its population experienced a rapid increase in the 1970s, a more moderate growth afterwards, it has become a part of metropolitan Bilbao. Peruri, Sarriena and Lertutxe. Tellería, Artatzagane and Aldekoane. Artaza, Ikea Mendi, Udondo and Santimami. Pinueta, Txopoeta, Txorierri and Ibaiondo; the municipality of Leioa still retains much of its agricultural past and out of the urban centre many traditional Basque houses can still be seen on little family farms, though rapid development puts their long-term future in question.
The University of the Basque Country has most faculties within this municipality. May 29: “Lamiako maskarada” festivity in Lamiako. June 24: “San Joan Bataiatzailea” festivity in Elexalde. August 24: “San Bartolomé” festivity in Basaez. September 8: “Ntra. Sra. De los Remedios” festivity in Ondiz. May 15: “San Isidro” festivity. August 17: Santi Mami jaiak. September 10: Udondoko jaiak. September 29: San Miguel Txopoetako jaiak. Two consecutive stations of Line 1 of the Metro Bilbao rapid transit system are located in Leioa: Leioa and Lamiako. LEIOA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia http://www.leioa.eu/ Tourism.euskadi.eus Leioa
Etxebarri
Etxebarri, Doneztebeko Elizatea is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Basque Community, in the North of Spain. Since 13 January 2005, the name of "Etxebarri, Doneztebeko Elizatea" has been changed to "Etxebarri" to simplify the name, it translates as "new home/house". Prior to the introduction of Standard Basque, the town's name was spelled Echevarri. Etxebarri has an area of 33.38 square kilometres and a population of 10,337 people, with a density of 2421.72 inhabitants/km2. Being so close to Bilbao has had a direct effect on Etxebarri; until a few decades ago, Etxebarri was a small nucleus in which its rural population worked in industrial areas. Both the population and the industrial land increased because of the congestion of Bilbao and the need for space for the installation of industries. Therefore, there was a significant increase in new population in the locality. In addition, since 2004, the Metro Bilbao underground train has reached Etxebarri.
In fact, the threshold stipulated. It has a metro station of the rapid transit service Metro Bilbao and a train station of the commuter rail service EuskoTren. ETXEBARRI, ANTEIGLESIA DE SAN ESTEBAN - ETXEBARRI DONEZTEBEKO ELIZATEA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia Etxebarri city council
Muskiz
Muskiz is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. Muskiz is administratively divided into six neighborhoods or wards: In the 1970s the petrochemical company Petronor built a refinery with a 222 metres tall chimney called La Catalítica. Nicolás de la Quadra MUSKIZ in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia Official website
