Atlas II was a member of the Atlas family of launch vehicles, which evolved from the successful Atlas missile program of the 1950s. The Atlas II was a direct evolution of the Atlas I, featuring longer first stage tanks, higher-performing engines, and the option for strap-on solid rocket boosters. It was designed to launch payloads into low Earth orbit, geosynchronous transfer orbit or geosynchronous orbit. Sixty-three launches of the Atlas II, IIA and IIAS models were carried out between 1991 and 2004; all sixty-three launches were successes, making the Atlas II a highly reliable space launch system. The Atlas line was continued by the Atlas III, used between 2000 and 2005, and the Atlas V which is still in use.
Launch of an Atlas II rocket
Workers at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station prepare to erect the first stage of an Atlas IIA rocket in the launch gantry on Pad 36A ahead of the GOES-L launch. Visible are the RS-56 rocket engines.
Centaur IIA arrives at Launch Complex 36A for the launch of GOES-L.
Centaur IIA before mating with Atlas II booster.
Atlas is a family of US missiles and space launch vehicles that originated with the SM-65 Atlas. The Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) program was initiated in the late 1950s under the Convair Division of General Dynamics. Atlas was a liquid propellant rocket burning RP-1 kerosene fuel with liquid oxygen in three engines configured in an unusual "stage-and-a-half" or "parallel staging" design: two outboard booster engines were jettisoned along with supporting structures during ascent, while the center sustainer engine, propellant tanks and other structural elements remained connected through propellant depletion and engine shutdown.
SM-65A Atlas missile, 1958
Atlas-B with SCORE payload, at LC-11, 1958
Mercury-Atlas 9 at Launch Complex 14
2005 Launch of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter