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History
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict. Japan surrendered to the Allies on 15 August, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan and invasion of Japanese-occupied Manchuria. The Japanese government signed the instrument of surrender on 2 September, effectively ending the war.
Atomic bomb mushroom clouds over Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right)
Atomic bomb mushroom clouds over Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right)
Situation of the Pacific War on 1 August 1945. White and green: Areas controlled by Japan Red: Areas controlled by the Allies Gray: Areas controlled b
Situation of the Pacific War on 1 August 1945. White and green: Areas controlled by Japan Red: Areas controlled by the Allies Gray: Areas controlled by the Soviet Union (neutral)
U.S. Army propaganda poster depicting Uncle Sam preparing the public for the invasion of Japan after the end of the war with Germany and Italy
U.S. Army propaganda poster depicting Uncle Sam preparing the public for the invasion of Japan after the end of the war with Germany and Italy
A B-29 over Osaka on 1 June 1945
A B-29 over Osaka on 1 June 1945
Nuclear weapon
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A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion reactions, producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter.
An assortment of American nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles at the National Museum of the United States Air Force. Clockwise from top left:
An assortment of American nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles at the National Museum of the United States Air Force. Clockwise from top left: PGM-17 Thor, LGM-25C Titan II, HGM-25A Titan I, Thor-Agena, LGM-30G Minuteman III, LGM-118 Peacekeeper, LGM-30A/B/F Minuteman I or II, PGM-19 Jupiter
The Trinity test of the Manhattan Project was the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, which led J. Robert Oppenheimer to recall verses from the Hind
The Trinity test of the Manhattan Project was the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, which led J. Robert Oppenheimer to recall verses from the Hindu scripture Bhagavad Gita: "If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the mighty one "... "I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds".
J. Robert Oppenheimer, principal leader of the Manhattan Project, often referred to as the "father of the atomic bomb".
J. Robert Oppenheimer, principal leader of the Manhattan Project, often referred to as the "father of the atomic bomb".
Edward Teller, often referred to as the "father of the hydrogen bomb"
Edward Teller, often referred to as the "father of the hydrogen bomb"