Automatic train stop or ATS is a system on a train that automatically stops a train if certain situations occur to prevent accidents. In some scenarios it functions as a type of dead man's switch. Automatic train stop differs from the concept of Automatic Train Control in that ATS usually does not feature an onboard speed control mechanism.
Preserved mechanically-operated ATS system formerly used on Tokyo Metro Ginza Line (installed 1927–1941, replaced with CS-ATC and TASC in 1993)
ATS pickup on the leading truck of a San Diego Coaster F40PH
ATS pickup on the underside of a KiHa 183 series DMU
ATS-B light indicator on KiHa 59 series DMU
Automatic train control (ATC) is a general class of train protection systems for railways that involves a speed control mechanism in response to external inputs. For example, a system could effect an emergency brake application if the driver does not react to a signal at danger. ATC systems tend to integrate various cab signalling technologies and they use more granular deceleration patterns in lieu of the rigid stops encountered with the older automatic train stop (ATS) technology. ATC can also be used with automatic train operation (ATO) and is usually considered to be the safety-critical part of a railway system.
Japanese-style ATC cab signalling indicator
A Tokyu Corporation train with ATC-10 indicator operating under normal conditions
The said ATC-10 indicator with ORP (Over Run Protector) engaged near the end of the ATC coverage area
Speedometer in a 0 series driver's cab, showing the ATC cab lights on top of the speed indicators