1.
Alley
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An alley or alleyway is a narrow lane, path, or passageway, often reserved for pedestrians, which usually runs between, behind, or within buildings in the older parts of towns and cities. It is also an access or service road, or a path or walk in a park or garden. A covered alley or passageway, often with shops, may be called an arcade, the origin of the word alley is late Middle English, from Old French, alee walking or passage, from aler go, from Latin, ambulare to walk. The word alley is used in two ways, It can refer to a narrow, usually paved, pedestrian path. This type is usually short and straight, and on steep ground can consist partially or entirely of steps. It is also describes a narrow, urban street, or lane, usually paved. There are two versions of this kind of alley, A rear access or service road, which can sometimes act as part a secondary vehicular network. Many Americans and Canadians think of an alley in these terms first, a narrow street between the fronts of houses or businesses. This type of alley is found in the parts of many cities, including American cities like Philadelphia. In landscaping, an allée or avenue is traditionally a straight route with a line of trees or large shrubs running along each side. In most cases, the trees planted in an avenue will be all of the species or cultivar. The French term allée is used for avenues planted in parks and landscape gardens, as well as such as the Grand Allée in Quebec City, Canada. In older cities and towns in Europe, alleys are often what is left of a street network. Similar paths also exist in some older North American towns and cities, in some older urban development in North America lanes at the rear of houses, to allow for deliveries and garbage collection, are called alleys. Alleys may be paved, or unpaved, and an alley is a cul-de-sac. Modern urban developments may also provide a road to allow for waste collection, or rear access for fire engines. Because of geography, steps are the predominant form of alley in hilly cities and this includes Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Minneapolis, Seattle, and San Francisco in the United States, as well as Hong Kong, Genoa and Rome. Some alleys are roofed because they are buildings, such as the traboules of Lyon
Alley
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An alley in Fira, Santorini, Greece
Alley
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Sana'a, Yemen
Alley
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Howey Place, Melbourne, Australia
Alley
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Hagay Street, Old City, Jerusalem
2.
San Francisco, California
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
San Francisco, California
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San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge from Marin Headlands
San Francisco, California
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Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores)
San Francisco, California
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1853 United States Coast Survey Map
San Francisco, California
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Francis Samuel Marryat, Hilltop of San Francisco, California, Looking toward the Bay, 1849. M.& N. Hanhart Chromolithograph
3.
Mission District, San Francisco, California
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This mission, San Franciscos oldest standing building, is located in the northwest area of the neighborhood. The Mission District is located in east-central San Francisco and it is bordered to the east by U. S. Route 101, which forms the boundary between the eastern portion of the district, known as Inner Mission, and its eastern neighbor, Potrero Hill. Sanchez Street separates the neighborhood from Eureka Valley to the north west, the part of the neighborhood from Valencia Street to Sanchez Street, north of 20th Street, is known as the Mission Dolores neighborhood. South of 20th Street towards 22nd Street, and between Valencia and Dolores Streets is a neighborhood known as Liberty Hill. Cesar Chavez Street is the border, across Cesar Chavez Street is the Bernal Heights neighborhood. North of the Mission District is the South of Market neighborhood, bordered roughly by Duboce Avenue, the principal thoroughfare of the Mission District is Mission Street. South of the Mission District, along Mission Street, are the Excelsior and Crocker-Amazon neighborhoods, the Mission District is part of San Franciscos supervisorial districts 6,9 and 10. The Mission is often warmer and sunnier than other parts of San Francisco, the Missions geographical location insulates it from the fog and wind from the west. The Mission includes four recognized sub-districts, the northeastern quadrant, adjacent to Potrero Hill is known as a center for high tech startup businesses including some chic bars and restaurants. The northwest quadrant along Dolores Street is famous for Victorian mansions, prior to the arrival of Spanish missionaries, the area which now includes the Mission District was inhabited by the Ohlone people who populated much of the San Francisco bay area. The Yelamu Indians inhabited the region for over 2,000 years, Spanish missionaries arrived in the area during the late 18th century. They found these people living in two villages on Mission Creek and it was here that a Spanish priest named Father Francisco Palóu founded Mission San Francisco de Asis on June 29,1776. The Mission was moved from the shore of Laguna Dolores to its current location in 1783, franciscan friars are reported to have used Ohlone slave labor to complete the Mission in 1791. This period marked the beginning of the end of the Yelamu culture, the Indian population at Mission Dolores dropped from 400 to 50 between 1833 and 1841. The lands around the abandoned mission church became a focal point of raffish attractions including bull and bear fighting, horse racing, baseball. A famous beer parlor resort known as The Willows was located along Mission Creek just south of 18th Street between Mission Street and San Carlos Street. From 1865 to 1891, a conservatory and zoo known as Woodwards Gardens covered two city blocks bounded by Mission Street, Valencia Street, 13th Street, and 15th Street. During Californias early statehood period, in the 19th and 20th century, large numbers of Irish, development and settlement intensified after the 1906 earthquake, as many displaced businesses and residents moved into the area, making Mission Street a major commercial thoroughfare
Mission District, San Francisco, California
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Clarion Alley Mural Project
Mission District, San Francisco, California
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Pioneer Race Course 1853, the grandstands shown were located just south of 24th and Shotwell St.
Mission District, San Francisco, California
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Corner of Beale and Mission Streets, San Francisco, c. 1863
Mission District, San Francisco, California
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Alta California mission, Mission San Francisco de Asis, the namesake of the neighborhood, and the oldest building in the city located in the far western end of the neighborhood on Dolores Street
4.
Garfield Square
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Garfield Square, also known as Garfield Park, is a 3. 46-acre city park located in the Mission District of San Francisco, California. It is bounded by 25th Street to the north, 26th Street to the south, Treat Avenue to the west, previously the location of the Recreation Grounds baseball park which was the first professional baseball park in California, dating to 1868. It is a park with a turf for soccer games, playground, clubhouse. Also, it has been the site for construction of the annual Day of the Dead shrines, Garfield Square is located immediately adjacent to Balmy Alley, which is famous for the decorations of murals
Garfield Square
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San Francisco's annual Day of the Dead celebration, Garfield Square.
5.
Mural
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A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other permanent surface. A distinguishing characteristic of painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture. Some wall paintings are painted on canvases, which are then attached to the wall. Whether these works can be accurately called murals is a subject of controversy in the art world. Murals of sorts date to Upper Paleolithic times such as the paintings in the Chauvet Cave in Ardèche department of southern France, many ancient murals have been found within ancient Egyptian tombs, the Minoan palaces and in Pompeii. During the Middle Ages murals were executed on dry plaster. The huge collection of Kerala mural painting dating from the 14th century are examples of fresco secco, in Italy, circa 1300, the technique of painting of frescos on wet plaster was reintroduced and led to a significant increase in the quality of mural painting. In modern times, the became more well-known with the Mexican muralism art movement. There are many different styles and techniques, the best-known is probably fresco, which uses water-soluble paints with a damp lime wash, a rapid use of the resulting mixture over a large surface, and often in parts. The colors lighten as they dry, the marouflage method has also been used for millennia. Murals today are painted in a variety of ways, using oil or water-based media, the styles can vary from abstract to trompe-lœil. Initiated by the works of artists like Graham Rust or Rainer Maria Latzke in the 1980s, trompe-loeil painting has experienced a renaissance in private. The buon fresco technique consists of painting in pigment mixed with water on a layer of wet, fresh. The pigment is absorbed by the wet plaster, after a number of hours. After this the painting stays for a time up to centuries in fresh. Fresco-secco painting is done on dry plaster, the pigments thus require a binding medium, such as egg, glue or oil to attach the pigment to the wall. By the end of the century this had largely displaced the buon fresco method. This technique had, in reduced form, the advantages of a secco work, in Greco-Roman times, mostly encaustic colors applied in a cold state were used
Mural
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Ceiling painting, by Jean-André Rixens. Salle des Illustres, Le Capitole, Toulouse, France.
Mural
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Jataka tales from the Ajanta caves, 7th century
Mural
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The 18th-century BC fresco of the Investiture of Zimrilim discovered at the Royal Palace of ancient Mari in Syria
Mural
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CAM designed Frescography by Rainer Maria Latzke, digitally printed on canvas
6.
Mujeres Muralistas
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The Mujeres Muralistas were a woman artist collaborative based out of the Mission District in San Francisco in the 1970s. They were a group of Chicana artists who created large and colorful murals, often focused on womanhood, beauty and they created public murals throughout the Bay Area and are said to have sparked the beginning of the female muralist movement in the US and Mexico. Prominent members were Patricia Rodriguez, Graciela Carrillo, Consuelo Mendez, the Mujeres Muralistas grew out of the Mexican muralist movement in the US and Mexico, which started in the 1920s and was headed by well-known Mexican artist Diego Rivera. Unlike the often violent and heavily political murals of the largely male Mexican muralism movement, the Mujeres Muralistas focus was on womens perspectives, women in the marketplace, women breastfeeding, women doing art. People got really angry that we were doing that, ‘How could you do this when there’s so much going on. ’ but we were saying that being a women is a revolution in society. Their first publicly commissioned mural was called Latinoamerica, located on Mission Street, the painting of this mural garnered media attention, and the Mujeres Muralistas were interviewed for newspapers, radio, and television. As a result of publicity, many more women wanted to join the Mujeres. As Latina artists raised and educated in the US we had the best of both worlds, connecting art school influences with our cultural roots
Mujeres Muralistas
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Left to right: Graciela Carrillo, Consuelo Mendez, Patricia Rodriguez, and Irene Perez
Mujeres Muralistas
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Latinoamerica
7.
Nicaraguan Revolution
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During the 1980s both the FSLN and the Contras received large amounts of aid from the Cold War super-powers. The Contra War ultimately ended following the signing of the Tela Accord in 1989, a second election in 1990 resulted in the election of a majority of anti-Sandinista parties and the FSLN handing over power. The Somoza dynasty consisted of Anastasio Somoza García, his eldest son Luis Somoza Debayle, in 1961 Carlos Fonseca Amador, Silvio Mayorga, and Tomás Borge Martínez formed the FSLN with other student activists at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua in Managua. For the founding members of the FSLN, this was not their first experience with political activism, Amador, first General Secretary of the organization, had worked with others on a newspaper “broadly critical” of the Somoza reign titled Segovia. The FSLN focused on guerrilla tactics almost immediately, inspired by the campaigns of Fidel Castro and Ché Guevara. Penetrating the Northern coast of Nicaragua, the Río Coco/Bocay-Raití campaign was largely a failure, “when guerrillas did encounter the National Guard, they had to retreat…with heavy losses. ”During this time, the FSLN reduced attacks, instead focusing on solidifying the organization as a whole. This led to condemnation of the regime and in 1978 the administration of U. S. president Jimmy Carter cut off aid to the Somoza regime due to its human rights violations. After two days, the government agreed to pay $500,000 and release certain prisoners resulting in a victory for the FSLN. In early 1979 the Organization of American States supervised negotiations between the FSLN and the government, however, these broke down when it became clear that the Somoza regime had no intention of allowing democratic elections to take place. Immediately following the fall of the Somoza regime, Nicaragua was largely in ruins, the country had suffered both war and, earlier, natural disaster in the form of the devastating 1972 Nicaragua earthquake. In 1979, approximately 600,000 Nicaraguans were homeless and 150,000 were either refugees or in out of a total population of just 2.8 million. It is famously stated that Somoza himself owned 1/5 of all land in Nicaragua. While this is not correct, Somoza or his adepts did own or give away banks, ports, communications, services, the Nicaraguan Revolution brought immense restructuring and reforms to all three sectors of the economy, directing it towards a mixed economy system. Economic reforms overall needed to out of limbo the inefficient. As a third-world country, Nicaragua had, and has, an economy, undeveloped and susceptible to the flow of market prices for its agricultural goods, such as coffee. The Revolution faced a rural economy well behind in technology and, at the time, devastated by the guerrilla warfare. This represented about 75 percent of all distributed to peasants since 1980. According to Project, the reform had the twofold purpose of increasing the support for the government among the campesinos
Nicaraguan Revolution
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Contra Commandos from FDN and ARDE Frente Sur, Nueva Guinea area in 1987
Nicaraguan Revolution
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Nicaraguan Revolution
Nicaraguan Revolution
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Members of ARDE Frente Sur taking a smoke break after routing the FSLN garrison at El Serrano in southeast Nicaragua in 1987.
8.
Guatemalan Civil War
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The Guatemalan Civil War ran from 1960 to 1996. It was fought between the government of Guatemala and various leftist rebel groups supported chiefly by ethnic Maya indigenous people and Ladino peasants, in 1970, Colonel Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio became the first of a series of military dictators representing the Institutional Democratic Party or PID. The PID dominated Guatemalan politics for years through electoral frauds favoring two of Col. Carlos Aranas proteges. The PID lost its grip on Guatemalan politics when General Efraín Ríos Montt, together with a group of army officers. In the 1970s continuing social discontent gave rise to an insurgency among the populations of indigenous people and peasants. In the final stage of the war, the military developed a parallel, semi-visible, low profile but high-effect. In the early 1980s, the killings are considered to have taken on the scale of genocide, in total, it is estimated that 200,000 civilians were killed or disappeared during the conflict, most at the hands of the military, police and intelligence services. The Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico has estimated that 93% of violence in the conflict have been committed by government forces, in 2009, Guatemalan courts sentenced Felipe Cusanero as the first person convicted of the crime of ordering forced disappearances. Finally, the trial again on 23 July 2015. After the 1871 revolution, the Liberal government of Justo Rufino Barrios escalated coffee production in Guatemala, which required much land and many workers. In the 1890s, the United States began to implement the Monroe Doctrine, pushing out European colonial powers and establishing U. S. hegemony over resources and labor in Latin American nations. The dictators that ruled Guatemala during the late 19th and early 20th centuries were very accommodating to U. S. business and political interests. Unlike other Latin American nations, such as Haiti, Nicaragua and Cuba, the Guatemalan military/police worked closely with the U. S. military and State Department to secure U. S. interests. The Guatemalan government exempted several U. S. corporations from paying taxes and it also privatized and sold off publicly owned utilities, and gave away huge swaths of public land. In 1920, prince Wilhelm of Sweden visited Guatemala and described Guatemalan society, by 1920, they were mixed to a large extended with foreigners and the great majority had Indian blood in their veins. Formed of people born of the cross between natives, blacks and criollos, they held almost no power in 1920 and made up the bulk of artisans, storekeepers, tradesmen. In the eastern part of the country they were agricultural laborers, indians, the majority of the population was composed of native Guatemalans, many of whom had little to no formal education. Many natives served as soldiers for the Army, and they were raised to positions of considerable trust
Guatemalan Civil War
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Ixil people carrying their loved ones' remains after an exhumation in the Ixil Triangle in February 2012.
Guatemalan Civil War
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President Manuel Estrada Cabrera official portrait from his last presidential term. During his government, the United Fruit Company became a major economic and political force in Guatemala.
Guatemalan Civil War
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John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State of the Eisenhower Administration and Board member of United Fruit.
9.
Miranda Bergman
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Miranda Bergman is a contemporary muralist and one of the seven women artists who in 1994 created the MaestraPeace mural, the largest mural in San Francisco, which covers The Womens Building. She grew up in the San Francisco Mission District and attended Balboa High School, in the 1970s, she joined other artists in the Haight-Ashbury Muralists. From 1972 to 1976 Bergman created labor-themed posters with Jane Nordling for the Working Peoples Artists collective and she worked on a CETA funded project with other artists to paint murals in the city jail. In 1986, Bergman worked with Juana Alicia, Hector Noel Méndez, Ariella Seidenberg, Bergman and Alicia completed part of the work in the middle of the night, guarded by armed teenagers and working in spite of the threat of a U. S. -backed Contra attack. Her South Africa-themed photo collage was included in the Syracuse Cultural Workers 1987 calendar and she worked and lived in the Palestinian city of Ramallah for nine weeks in 1989 with three other Jewish-American women artists and teachers as part of the Break the Silence mural project. The mural they created together is in the Popular Arts Center in Ramallah and this mural depicts a naturally beautiful landscape contrasted against women holding photographs of desaparecidos. Bergman has also worked on murals in the San Francisco Bay Area. In the 1990s, Bergman was also an editor of Frontiers. Community Murals An International Visual Arts Magazine, Volume 12, No.1 Maestrapeace Art Works
Miranda Bergman
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San Francisco Women's Building
Miranda Bergman
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Front Women's Building
Miranda Bergman
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Women's Building Side detail
10.
Bernal Heights Summit
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Bernal Heights Summit or Bernal Heights Hill is a hill in the San Francisco, California neighborhood of Bernal Heights. Upper elevations are part of Bernal Hill Park, a component of San Francisco Recreation, at the highest elevation is a privately owned site, which contains an equipment building and 50-foot tall telecommunications tower, which is currently unnamed. The park and summit are largely surrounded by Bernal Heights Boulevard, there are a number of flora and fauna present on Bernal Hill. Wildflowers include such species as the footsteps of spring, blue-eyed grass, checkerbloom, shooting star, near the summit you will find folded layers of very hard rock called radiolarian chert. It is a sedimentary rock which gets its silica content from the shells of microscopic creatures called radiolaria. The red color comes from iron oxide. In between the layers of chert are thinner layers of shale in many different colors from the red as the surrounding rock to white, green. Other types of rocks and minerals on the hill include serpentinite, jasper, list of summits of the San Francisco Bay Area
Bernal Heights Summit
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The Bernal Heights hill and microwave tower
Bernal Heights Summit
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Panorama from Bernal Heights Summit
11.
Chicano Park
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The park is home to the countrys largest collection of outdoor murals, as well as various sculptures, earthworks, and an architectural piece dedicated to the cultural heritage of the community. The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013 owing to its association with the Chicano civil rights movement, Chicano Park, like Berkeleys Peoples Park, was the result of a militant peoples land takeover. Every year on April 22, the community celebrates the anniversary of the parks takeover with a celebration called Chicano Park Day, the area was originally known as the East End, but was renamed Logan Heights in 1905. The first Mexican settlers there arrived in the 1890s, followed soon after by refugees fleeing the violence of the Mexican Revolution, so many Mexican immigrants and Mexican-Americans settled there that the southern portion of Logan Heights eventually became known as Barrio Logan. The original neighborhood reached all the way to San Diego Bay and this access was denied beginning with World War II, when Naval installations blocked local access to the beach. The denial of beachfront access was the source of the communitys resentment of the government. This resentment grew in the 1950s, when the area was rezoned as mixed residential and industrial, junk dealers and repair shops moved into the barrio, creating air pollution, loud noise, and aesthetic conditions unsuitable for a residential area. Resentment continued to grow as the barrio was cleaved in two by Interstate 5 in 1963 and was divided in 1969 by the elevated onramps of the San Diego-Coronado Bridge. At this time, Mexicans were accustomed to not being included in discussions concerning their communities and to not being represented by their officials, so no formal complaint was lodged. This attitude began to change in the turbulent decade that brought the demands of African Americans, women, as the various campaigns coalesced under the banner of the Chicano Movement so too did the political awareness and sense of empowerment grow in Barrio Logan. Community residents had long been demanding a park, in June 1969, the park was officially approved and a site was designated, but no action was taken to implement the decision. The final straw came on April 22,1970, on his way to school, a community member, San Diego City College student, and Brown Beret member named Mario Solis noticed bulldozers next to the area designated for the park. Solis went door-to-door to spread the news of the construction, at school, he alerted the students of Professor Gil Robledos Chicano studies class, who printed fliers to bring more attention to the affair. At noon that day, Mexican-American high school students walked out of their classes to other neighbors who had already congregated at the site. Some protesters formed human chains around the bulldozers, while others planted trees, flowers, Solis is reported to have commandeered a bulldozer to flatten the land for planting. Also, notably, the flag of Aztlán was raised on an old telephone pole, there were many young people and families at the protest. When the crowd grew to 250, construction was called off, the occupation of Chicano Park lasted for twelve days while community members and city officials held meetings to negotiate the creation of a park. During that time, groups of people came from Los Angeles and Santa Barbara to join the occupation and they maintained that the park would be re-occupied if negotiations failed
Chicano Park
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La Soldadera mural. Behind it is a mural depicting Frida Kahlo and behind that is a mural with an image of La Virgen de Guadalupe.
Chicano Park
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Chicano Park logo, originally by Rico Bueno. La Tierra Mía means "My Land".
Chicano Park
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Public restrooms at the park.
Chicano Park
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Korean couple visiting the park.
12.
Estrada Courts
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Estrada Courts is a low-income housing project in the Boyle Heights area of Los Angeles, California. Estrada Courts is owned by the City of Los Angeles and operated by the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles, estrada Courts is well known for its murals, which reflect the Chicano barrio culture and traditions of the area. We Are Not a Minority by El Congreso de Artistas Cosmicos de las Americas de San Diego. This mural can be seen in the videos for To Live & Die in L. A. by Tupac Shakur
Estrada Courts
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Photo of one of the main entrances to Estrada Courts. original film photograph.
13.
Chicano
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Chicano or Chicana is a chosen identity of some Mexican Americans in the United States. The term Chicano is sometimes used interchangeably with Mexican-American, both names are chosen identities within the Mexican-American community in the United States. However, these terms have a range of meanings in various parts of the Southwest. The term became widely used during the Chicano Movement by Mexican Americans to express pride in a cultural, ethnic. Ultimately it was the experience of Mexican Americans in the United States which culminated in the creation of a Chicano identity. Linguists Edward R. Simmen and Richard F. Bauerle report the use of the term in an essay by Mexican-American writer, Mario Suárez, however, a gunboat, the Chicana, was sold in 1857 to Jose Maria Carvajal to ship arms on the Rio Grande. The King and Kenedy firm submitted a voucher to the Joint Claims Commission of the United States in 1870 to cover the costs of this conversion from a passenger steamer. No particular explanation of the name is known. The origin of the word chicano is disputed, some claim it is a shortened form of Mexicano. In most cases the sh sound has been replaced with the h sound, the word Chicano would have also been affected by this change. Many Chicanos replace the ch with the x, forming Xicano. In the United States, some Mexican Americans choose the Xicano spelling to emphasize their indigenous ancestry, thus, a newly emigrated Nahuatl speaker in an urban center might referred to his cultural relatives in this country, different from himself, as mexicanos, shortened to chicanos. The Indians later referred to themselves as Meshicanos and even as Shicanos, however, Chicanos generally do not agree that chicamo was ever a word used within the culture, as its assertion is thus far entirely unsubstantiated. Therefore, most self-identifying Chicanos do not agree that Chicano was ever derived from the word chicamo, another hypothesis is that chicano derives from the indigenous population of Guanajuato, the Chichimecas, combined with the word Mexicano. An alternative idea is that it is a form of Chilango. A similar notion is that the word derives from Chichen Itza, Chicano would thus be a Hispanized word for Chichen and Mayans, rather than the Aztec or Nahua people. This seems dubious, as the term is not frequently used other than in reference to Mexican Americans, is not primarily used for Chilean-Americans. Thus far, explanations of the origins of the word remain inconclusive and this is an indication that the term originated as a self-identification
Chicano
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Chicano teenagers in Venice, California, 1974
Chicano
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César Chávez at a United Farmworkers rally, 1974
14.
Mission District, San Francisco
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This mission, San Franciscos oldest standing building, is located in the northwest area of the neighborhood. The Mission District is located in east-central San Francisco and it is bordered to the east by U. S. Route 101, which forms the boundary between the eastern portion of the district, known as Inner Mission, and its eastern neighbor, Potrero Hill. Sanchez Street separates the neighborhood from Eureka Valley to the north west, the part of the neighborhood from Valencia Street to Sanchez Street, north of 20th Street, is known as the Mission Dolores neighborhood. South of 20th Street towards 22nd Street, and between Valencia and Dolores Streets is a neighborhood known as Liberty Hill. Cesar Chavez Street is the border, across Cesar Chavez Street is the Bernal Heights neighborhood. North of the Mission District is the South of Market neighborhood, bordered roughly by Duboce Avenue, the principal thoroughfare of the Mission District is Mission Street. South of the Mission District, along Mission Street, are the Excelsior and Crocker-Amazon neighborhoods, the Mission District is part of San Franciscos supervisorial districts 6,9 and 10. The Mission is often warmer and sunnier than other parts of San Francisco, the Missions geographical location insulates it from the fog and wind from the west. The Mission includes four recognized sub-districts, the northeastern quadrant, adjacent to Potrero Hill is known as a center for high tech startup businesses including some chic bars and restaurants. The northwest quadrant along Dolores Street is famous for Victorian mansions, prior to the arrival of Spanish missionaries, the area which now includes the Mission District was inhabited by the Ohlone people who populated much of the San Francisco bay area. The Yelamu Indians inhabited the region for over 2,000 years, Spanish missionaries arrived in the area during the late 18th century. They found these people living in two villages on Mission Creek and it was here that a Spanish priest named Father Francisco Palóu founded Mission San Francisco de Asis on June 29,1776. The Mission was moved from the shore of Laguna Dolores to its current location in 1783, franciscan friars are reported to have used Ohlone slave labor to complete the Mission in 1791. This period marked the beginning of the end of the Yelamu culture, the Indian population at Mission Dolores dropped from 400 to 50 between 1833 and 1841. The lands around the abandoned mission church became a focal point of raffish attractions including bull and bear fighting, horse racing, baseball. A famous beer parlor resort known as The Willows was located along Mission Creek just south of 18th Street between Mission Street and San Carlos Street. From 1865 to 1891, a conservatory and zoo known as Woodwards Gardens covered two city blocks bounded by Mission Street, Valencia Street, 13th Street, and 15th Street. During Californias early statehood period, in the 19th and 20th century, large numbers of Irish, development and settlement intensified after the 1906 earthquake, as many displaced businesses and residents moved into the area, making Mission Street a major commercial thoroughfare
Mission District, San Francisco
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Clarion Alley Mural Project
Mission District, San Francisco
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Pioneer Race Course 1853, the grandstands shown were located just south of 24th and Shotwell St.
Mission District, San Francisco
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Corner of Beale and Mission Streets, San Francisco, c. 1863
Mission District, San Francisco
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Alta California mission, Mission San Francisco de Asis, the namesake of the neighborhood, and the oldest building in the city located in the far western end of the neighborhood on Dolores Street
15.
Clarion Alley
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Clarion Alley is a small street in San Francisco between Mission and Valencia Streets and 17th and 18th Streets, notable for the murals painted by the Clarion Alley Mural Project. Originally called Cedar Lane, the name was changed around the turn of the twentieth century to Clarion Alley. The street is notable for community and arts activity, including the Clarion Alley Mural Project, the warehouse at 47 Clarion was originally known as the Woodmen Building with the main door at 3345 17th Street. It was an IWW meeting hall, where Tom Mooney once attempted to organize workers, Later, it was home to artists. 47 Clarion was demolished in 2001, and a lot for the condominium project on 17th Street replaced it. It became a symbol of the neighborhoods gentrification, since 1992, the alley has been covered in murals painted by the Clarion Alley Mural Project. Alley residents Noble and Rigo together painted the mural Superhero Warehouse showing a series of depressed superheroes on the warehouses side, another of the early murals, painted by Scott Williams after research done by Fred Rinne, depicted native animals of the Mission District. Clarion Alley was featured in the chapter of the fiction novel Dog Days by John Levitt. The main character is ambushed by forces that animate one of the murals into a monstrous force. Moving Stairway to Heaven in Street Art San Francisco, Mission Muralismo, Jacoby, Annice, ed. NY, Abrams,2009. The Clarion Alley Mural Project p.113 and Vatos Mexicanos Locos p.122 in Street Art San Francisco, Mission Muralismo, Jacoby, Annice, ed. NY, Abrams,2009 Rapoport, Lynn. Wall space, The Clarion Alley Mural Project uses public art to paint a home, San Francisco Bay Guardian, October 23,2002
Clarion Alley
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Clarion Alley 2012
Clarion Alley
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"Tax The Rich" mural by Megan Wilson
Clarion Alley
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Adobe Books mural
Clarion Alley
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Native Species mural on Clarion Alley, Scott Williams
16.
Precita Eyes
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Precita Eyes Muralists Association was founded in 1977 by Susan and Luis Cervantes who had come to the Bay Area several years before and started a family. The organization evolved from a community mural workshop in which the designed and painted the portable mural “Masks of God. The group signed the piece as Precita Eyes Muralists because the project was a collaborative effort, the name of the organization comes from the fact that most of the muralists were from Precita Valley. Precita is a form of the Spanish word ‘presa, ’ which means dam. The ‘Eyes’ in the name are what we perceive the world with. After the first mural, the group of artists continued to be interested in creating murals and they completed two major mural commissions and several more portable murals. Two years later, the applied for non-profit status in 1979. In 1998 Precita Eyes expanded its operations with the purchase of the building at 2981 24th Street, as of 2007, Precita Eyes had supported nearly 100 murals in the Mission neighborhood, including on The Womens Building and Cesar Chavez Elementary School. Precita Eyes celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2007 and continues to conduct several mural projects each year, recent projects include two international projects, one in Beijing, China and the other in parts of Palestine and Lebanon. Other recent local projects involved the restoration of two San Francisco Parks, Excelsior Playground and Crocker-Amazon Playground. They also host an annual Urban Youth Arts Festival, with painting on boards in Precita Park. And the murals were an integral part of that movement, as was theater. Precita Eyes Muralists is one of only a handful of mural arts organizations in the United States, the original Mural Arts Center at 348 Precita Avenue is used primarily by the education program for toddler, kids and youth classes. Precita Eyes Muralists offers weekly art classes for toddlers, children and these programs enable students to find and develop their confidence and individuality through arts and crafts, and experience positive social interaction through collaboration in a safe environment. It also offers workshops for adults such as the Community Mural Arts Education Workshop. Overall the educational programs serve approximately 3,000 children, youth and adults yearly, people served by the program include young people caught for doing graffiti and required to do community service hours. Precita Eyes offers walking tours that cover mural history and the cultural and historical significance of the murals in Balmy Alley, tours are open to the public during the weekends. Private tours for groups such as school classes or visiting groups can be scheduled during the weekday and are tailored to the audience. Community Murals as Democratic Art and Education by David Conrad, Journal of Aesthetic Education, Vol.29, No
Precita Eyes
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Precita Eyes Mural Arts and Visitors Center
Precita Eyes
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A Precita Eyes' mural on a garage door and fence in Balmy Alley
Precita Eyes
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Also in Balmy Alley, by Precita Eyes Muralists, 1998
Precita Eyes
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By Precita Eyes Muralists Youth Mural Workshop, 2003
17.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
International Standard Book Number
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A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code
18.
List of streets in San Francisco
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This is a list of streets in San Francisco, California. They are grouped by type, arterial thoroughfares, commercial corridors, 19th Avenue that bisects the western part of the city, extending from Interstate 280 to Golden Gate Park on the way to the Golden Gate Bridge. The section from Interstate 280 to Golden Gate Park is also designated as California State Route 1, California Street Fell Street runs from near the terminus of the Central Freeway towards Golden Gate Park, turning into Lincoln Way. Geary Boulevard splits into Geary Street and OFarrell Street east of Gough Street, 24th Street, Between Church and Castro Street, it forms the principal commercial corridor of Noe Valley. Between Mission Street and Potrero Avenue, it forms a corridor in the Mission District. There is a BART station at 24th and Mission Streets, kennedy Drive is the main East-West arterial for Golden Gate Park, beginning where it continues on from Fell Street running westward to the Great Highway. sfgov. org
List of streets in San Francisco
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Numbered streets
19.
19th Avenue (San Francisco)
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19th Avenue in San Francisco, California, is an 8 km long, six-lane arterial thoroughfare that bisects the southwestern part of the city. It begins at the edge of Golden Gate Park in the Sunset District, as the continuation of Crossover Drive. After running through the Sunset District to Sloat Boulevard, it continues south, passing Stonestown Galleria and San Francisco State University and it then passes Junipero Serra and finally ends at the western border of Ingleside neighborhood. Despite being a city street, the avenue between Golden Gate Park and Junipero Serra Blvd. is designated as part of the State Highway 1. The portion of the avenue between Eucalyptus Drive and Junipero Serra Boulevard is also run by the Muni Metro M Ocean View light rail, 19th Avenue is located between 18th Avenue and 20th Avenue. Previous legislative efforts were vetoed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2006, in 2007, the bill failed to come to a final vote before the Senate session ended. On 22 February 2008, Yee successfully reintroduced the bill
19th Avenue (San Francisco)
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The intersection of 19th Avenue and Holloway Avenue with a Muni Metro station in the background.
19th Avenue (San Francisco)
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Map displaying 19th Avenue (central green road)
19th Avenue (San Francisco)
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Numbered streets
20.
49-Mile Scenic Drive
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The 49-Mile Scenic Drive is a designated scenic road tour highlighting much of San Francisco, California. It was created in 1938 by the San Francisco Down Town Association to showcase the citys major attractions, originally beginning at San Francisco City Hall and ending on Treasure Island, the route has been modified several times since. Today the route forms a loop proceeding counterclockwise from Civic Center Plaza, owing variously to its length, its labyrinthine route, and the difficulty of driving through a bustling city, the drive remains relatively unpopular with tourists and locals alike. The drive begins on Polk St opposite San Francisco City Hall, after entering Japantown, the drive turns north onto Webster Street before immediately returning east along Post Street, where it continues past Japan Center, Lower Nob Hill, and Union Square. At Grant Avenue, the route turns north and enters Chinatown through its Dragon Gate. Drivers are soon directed onto California Street and up Nob Hill, at Portsmouth Square, the route proceeds north along Kearny Street for two blocks and turns northwest onto Columbus Avenue, entering North Beach. After passing City Lights Bookstore and turning onto Grant Avenue once more, passing the Joe DiMaggio Playground, the route turns north toward Fishermans Wharf on Mason Street. Over the next few miles, the route passes nearly all of San Franciscos Golden Gate National Recreation Area locations, continuing for a few blocks each on Baker, Bay, Broderick, Chestnut, and Lyon Streets, the route enters the Presidio at Lombard Street. At 8.6 miles, the passes the Letterman Digital Arts Center, proceeds onto Presidio Boulevard. The route detours through the Presidios Main Post before returning to Lincoln Boulevard near San Francisco National Cemetery. Passing above Crissy Field and Fort Point, under the U. S. Highway 101 approach to the Golden Gate Bridge, and above Baker Beach, the route exits the Presidio into Sea Cliff. Continuing along El Camino del Mar into Lincoln Park, the passes the Legion of Honor. Turing westward onto Geary Boulevard, drivers proceed several blocks and continue onto Point Lobos Avenue, soon reaching the Sutro Baths, briefly skirting the Haight-Ashbury and Cole Valley neighborhoods, the route ascends Parnassus Street and passes the University of California, San Franciscos main campus. Turning south onto 7th Avenue in the Inner Sunset, the route curves around Mount Sutro, from Twin Peaks Boulevard, drivers are directed into the north peaks parking area and offered unobstructed views of the city below. The route then descends into Corona Heights—built to take advantage of the views at this height. Winding its way down the hill, the route takes drivers past the Randall Museum before descending east along 14th Street into San Franciscos prominent gay neighborhood, at Cesar Chavez Street, the route continues east through Potrero Hill before abruptly directing drivers onto northbound I-280. After about 40 miles of streets, the route travels along I-280 for the final 1.5 miles of that freeway, exiting near Mission Bay. It winds along The Embarcadero and underneath the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge—once the final leg of the route before its Treasure Island terminus, at Market Street, the route crosses in front of the Ferry Building and shortly thereafter turns westward along Washington Street to enter the Financial District
49-Mile Scenic Drive
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San Francisco City Hall, the starting and ending route marker
49-Mile Scenic Drive
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The Palace of Fine Arts in the Marina District
49-Mile Scenic Drive
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Stow Lake in Golden Gate Park
49-Mile Scenic Drive
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The route along its descent from Twin Peaks
21.
Castro District, San Francisco
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The Castro District, commonly referenced as The Castro, is a neighborhood in Eureka Valley in San Francisco. The Castro was one of the first gay neighborhoods in the United States, San Franciscos gay village is mostly concentrated in the business district that is located on Castro Street from Market Street to 19th Street. It extends down Market Street toward Church Street and on sides of the Castro neighborhood from Church Street to Eureka Street. Some consider it to include Duboce Triangle and Dolores Heights, which both have a strong LGBT presence and it reappears in several discontinuous sections before ultimately terminating at Chenery Street, in the heart of Glen Park. Castro Street was named for José Castro, a Californian leader of Mexican opposition to U. S. rule in California in the 19th century, and alcalde of Alta California from 1835 to 1836. The neighborhood now known as the Castro was created in 1887 when the Market Street Railway Company built a line linking Eureka Valley to downtown. In 1891, Alfred E. Clarke built his mansion at the corner of Douglass and it survived the 1906 earthquake and fire which destroyed a large portion of San Francisco. Up to the 19th century, the possession of the Russian Empire in North America included the modern-day U. S. State of Alaska and settlements in the modern-day U. S. states of California. These Russian possessions were collectively and officially referred to by the name Russian America from 1733 to 1867, formal incorporation of the possessions by Russia did not take place until the establishment of the Russian-American Company in 1799. At the time, Russia was a young naval power. From the start, in 1840–1865, three consecutive Finnish pastors served this pastorate, Uno Cygnaeus, Gabriel Plathán and Georg Gustaf Winter, the Finns Aaron Sjöstrom and Otto Reinhold Rehn served as the parish organists/sextons during the same period. In 1841, under the governorship of Russian America by Finnish Arvid Adolf Etholén, during the final three decades of the existence of Russian America, Finnish Chief Managers of Russian America included Arvid Adolf Etholén in 1840–1845 and Johan Hampus Furuhjelm in 1859–1864. A third Finn, Johan Joachim von Bartram, declined the offer for the term between 1850 and 1855. All three were high ranking Imperial naval officers, in reference to San Francisco, researcher Maria J. Enckell states the following about the Finns in the Russian-American Company, Russia relied heavily on Finnish seamen. These seamen manned Russian naval ships as well as its deep-sea-going vessels, Company records show that in the early 1800s these ships were crewed predominantly by merchant seamen from Finland. From 1840 onward the Companys around-the-world ships were manned entirely by Finnish merchant skippers, Most Company ships stationed in Sitka and the Northern Pacific were likewise manned by Finnish skippers and Finnish crews. During the California Gold Rush and in its aftermath, a substantial Finnish population had settled in San Francisco, accordingly, Kalevalas visit in the city received a very warm welcome and created much attention. In addition to the Finnish-built corvette Kalevala now returning to the U. S, Finnish officers serving in the squadron included Theodor Kristian Avellan, who later became the Minister of Naval Affairs of the Russian Empire
Castro District, San Francisco
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Castro Street and its namesake neighborhood, the Castro
Castro District, San Francisco
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Castro Street Pedcrossing with Rainbow Flag Color
Castro District, San Francisco
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Corner of 20th Street and Castro
Castro District, San Francisco
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A festive dinner party arranged in honor of Admiral Popoff and the naval officers of the Russian Pacific Fleet visiting San Francisco in 1863.
22.
Fillmore Street
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It serves as the main thoroughfare and namesake for the Fillmore District neighborhood. Some of the stores, restaurants, and clubs lost to redevelopment are memorialized by plaques on the sidewalk, Fillmore street is also known for The Triangle, which is where Fillmore meets Greenwich street. Triangle is an area, describing 3 corners of the intersection with the bars Balboa Cafe, East Side West. Fillmore District, San Francisco, California The Fillmore 37. 78797°N122. 43367°W /37.78797, -122.43367
Fillmore Street
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Fillmore Street between Marina Blvd., and Broadway Street.
Fillmore Street
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Numbered streets
23.
Grant Avenue
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Grant Avenue in San Francisco, California is one of the oldest streets in the citys Chinatown district. It runs in a north-south direction starting at Market Street in the heart of downtown and it resumes at North Point Street and stretches one block to The Embarcadero and the foot of Pier 39. Grant Avenue is primarily a street, automobile traffic can only travel northbound. In the following years, Dupont Street became the location for various opium dens, brothels, when San Francisco was rebuilt after being leveled in the 1906 earthquake, Dupont Street was upgraded and given a new name, Grant Avenue, after President Ulysses S. Grant. Today, the intersection of Grant Avenue and Bush Street marks the entrance to Chinatown. Grant Avenue is still written and said in Chinese as Dupont Gai, sanFranciscoChinatown. com, Grant Avenue in San Francisco
Grant Avenue
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Grant Avenue at Bush Street: The "Dragon Gate" at the entrance to Chinatown
Grant Avenue
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Numbered streets
24.
Great Highway
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The Great Highway is a road in San Francisco that forms the citys western edge along the Pacific coast. It runs for approximately 3.5 miles next to Ocean Beach and its southern end is at Skyline Boulevard near Lake Merced, it extends to Point Lobos Avenue and the Cliff House at its northern end. The Great Highway also forms the border of Golden Gate Park. For approximately half its length, from Sloat Boulevard to Lincoln Way, also atop the berm is a gravel jogging path and a cement walking / bicycling path. The parallel street, also named Great Highway, is immediately adjacent below and to the east of the expressway, the only access to the upper-level highway is at each end. There are crosswalks with traffic lights along this section to allow pedestrians to reach the beach, 49-Mile Scenic Drive Ocean Beach Public Policy
Great Highway
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The northern end of the Great Highway and Ocean Beach, as seen from Sutro Heights Park
Great Highway
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Numbered streets
25.
Junipero Serra Boulevard
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Junipero Serra Boulevard is a major boulevard in and south of San Francisco named after Franciscan friar Junipero Serra. Within the city, it part of the route of State Route 1. The remainder, in San Mateo County, was bypassed or replaced by I-280, two other regional highways—Bayshore Highway and Skyline Boulevard—were also upgraded into or bypassed by freeways. Just beyond Daly Boulevard, Junipero Serra Boulevard enters San Francisco as a highway, expanding to eight lanes after the interchanges with Alemany Boulevard. SR1 soon turns off to the northwest onto 19th Avenue, the final section of Junipero Serra Boulevard has frontage roads for local access, and is planted with trees between the main and frontage roadways. At Ocean Avenue, the K Ingleside line of the San Francisco Municipal Railway enters the median, remaining there until the boulevard ends several blocks later at St. Francis Circle. At this five-way intersection, Sloat Boulevard heads west, St. Francis Boulevard east, Portola Drive northeast, at the north end, it connected with Parkside Boulevard and Dewey Boulevard. The city Board of Supervisors named the new boulevard after Junípero Serra in 1908, San Francisco and San Mateo County formed Joint Highway District No.10 on September 4,1928 to fund and construct an extension of the boulevard south to Burlingame. To the south, Santa Clara County opened a section of the road past Stanford University on July 11,1932. Three grade separations were built along the road, two at Brotherhood Way and Alemany Boulevard in San Francisco and a third at Washington Street in Daly City. The total cost of the road between the city line and Crystal Springs Road was over $3 million, with half the money normally coming from San Francisco. A1956 law transferred the extension, from the junction with Alemany Boulevard south to Crystal Springs Road, to the state as State Highway Route 237. The stub connection to El Camino Real was turned over to the city of South San Francisco to maintain as Hickey Boulevard. This was also included in the preliminary Interstate Highway System plans as part of a loop around the San Francisco Bay, and was added to the state highway system in 1957 for this reason. The eventual path of this freeway, part of I-280, generally paralleled Junipero Serra Boulevard to Crystal Springs Road, however, south of Crystal Springs Road, a more westerly route along Skyline Boulevard was chosen. The state highway along Junipero Serra Boulevard, which had become Route 117 in the 1964 renumbering, was turned back to San Mateo County in 1965, a short stub near Crystal Springs Road is now ramps connecting I-280 with Cunningham Way. This list includes the south of Avalon Drive that has been replaced by I-280. California Roads portal 1958 plans for the conversion of Junipero Serra Boulevard to freeway in San Francisco
Junipero Serra Boulevard
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Muni Stop on Junipero Serra Blvd near 19th Avenue.
Junipero Serra Boulevard
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Junipero Serra Boulevard
Junipero Serra Boulevard
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Junipero Serra Boulevard in Palo Alto.
Junipero Serra Boulevard
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Numbered streets
26.
Kearny Street
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Kearny Street in San Francisco, California runs north from Market Street to The Embarcadero, with a gap on Telegraph Hill. Toward its south end, it separates the Financial District from the Union Square, further north, it passes over Telegraph Hill. Kearny Street was originally named La Calle de la Fundacion by the Spanish, translated, this means street of the foundation. The origin of the present name, Kearny Street, is assumed to be Stephen Watts Kearny. Another possible namesake includes General Philip Kearny, at Kearny and Clay, the first cable car in America, invented by Andrew S. Hallidie on August 2,1873, climbed five blocks up the Clay Street hill. From the turn of the century until 1977 the area around the intersection of Kearny and Jackson Streets was home to a large Filipino population. Located at 848 Kearny Street, the International Hotel served as the heart of Manilatown, in its heyday of the 1920s and 1930s the estimated population of Manilatown was between 20,000 and 40,000 people. In 1968 the hotel was sold to developers intending to replace it with more profitable commercial property, after a protracted court battle, the remaining two hundred odd tenants were forcibly evicted on 4 August 1977. The hotel and other buildings to the south of it on that block were quickly torn down, on 27 July 2004, a two block stretch of Kearny Street was officially declared to be Manilatown. Kearny Street is a song by American composer Rod McKuen, oBrien, Robert, This is San Francisco
Kearny Street
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Kearny Street.
Kearny Street
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Numbered streets
27.
Mission Street
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Mission Street is a north-south arterial thoroughfare in Daly City and San Francisco, California that runs from Daly Citys southern border to San Franciscos northeast waterfront. The street and San Franciscos Mission District through which it runs were named for the Spanish Mission Dolores, only the southern half is historically part of El Camino Real, which connected the missions. Part of Mission Street in Daly City is signed as part of State Route 82, from the south, Mission Street begins as a continuation of SR 82/El Camino Real at the Colma-Daly City border, just south of San Pedro Road. Mission Street then runs north to the Top of the Hill district, where SR82 splits as San Jose Avenue to the northeast and it then crosses the San Francisco city limits mid-block between Templeton Avenue in Daly City and Huron Avenue in San Francisco. Near Van Ness Avenue, the road turns northeast again and travels through Mid-Market, regis Museum Tower,555 Mission Street, Millennium Tower,535 Mission Street,350 Mission Street, and the Salesforce Tower
Mission Street
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Mission Street between 19th and 20th
Mission Street
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High rises under construction along Mission Street in the Financial District in 2007
Mission Street
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Numbered streets
28.
Montgomery Street
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Montgomery Street is a north-south thoroughfare in San Francisco, California, in the United States. It runs about 16 blocks from the Telegraph Hill neighborhood south through downtown, for this reason, it is known as the Wall Street of the West. South of Market Street, the street continues as New Montgomery Street for two blocks to terminate at Howard Street in the SOMA district. In the 1830s, the land which is now Montgomery Street lay at the edge of San Francisco Bay, between 1849 and 1852, the waterfront advanced about four blocks. At present, Montgomery Street is about seven blocks from the water, the corner of Montgomery and Clay is where John B. Montgomery landed when he came to hoist the U. S. flag after the Bear Flag Revolt of 1846, in 1853 the Montgomery Block, a center of early San Francisco law and literature, was built at 600 Montgomery, on land currently occupied by the Transamerica Pyramid. 555 California Street, between Kearny and Montgomery, served as Bank of Americas world headquarters prior to its merger with NationsBank and was called the Bank of America Building. The Transamerica Pyramid was the headquarters of Transamerica Corporation and still appears in the companys logo. Melvin Belli, lawyer known as The King of Torts, had his offices at the Belli Building at 722-724 Montgomery St. Belli used to raise a Jolly Roger, Bank of the West is headquartered at 180 Montgomery Street
Montgomery Street
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Looking south down Montgomery Street from Telegraph Hill through the Financial District
Montgomery Street
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Looking north from Market Street up Montgomery Street towards the Transamerica Pyramid. In the foreground is the flagship branch of Wells Fargo Bank.
Montgomery Street
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Numbered streets
29.
Octavia Boulevard
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Octavia Boulevard is a major street in San Francisco, California that replaced the Hayes Valley portion of the damaged two-level Central Freeway. At a public meeting he compared the central freeway traffic volumes to those on 8th and 9th street south of Market. Comparable examples cited were the configuration of Park Presidio Blvd, Funston Street, a boulevard design also provides for better access to the overall street grid. This benefits motorists who can easily adjust their route when there is congestion, for elevated freeways, due to limited access to local streets, traffic cannot readily adjust during periods of congestion. Also noted was that heavy traffic, travel times on the boulevard would be comparable to those of a backed-up elevated freeway. This suggests there was no benefit to replacing an urban freeway with one of the limited access design. The boulevard is merely four blocks long from Market to Fell Street, containing multiple lanes that separate local, a brand new park named Hayes Green was created as part of the boulevard project. It lies on Octavia between Fell and Hayes Street, north of Hayes Street, Octavia continues as Octavia Street through the Western Addition, Pacific Heights and Marina neighborhoods to Bay Street, at Fort Mason. The name refers to Octavia Gough, sister of Charles H. Gough, parallel to Octavia and immediately west of it is Gough Street. Octavia is 8 blocks east of Divisadero, which at the time of its naming was the nearest major north-south thoroughfare, Octavia is a name which means, the eighth. There is an octagon-shaped building (named The Octagon House at 2645 Gough Street, on the northwest corner of Gough, as of 2013, it operates as a historic museum, housing colonial-era folk art and documents. SFCityscape. com, Octavia Boulevard Market & Octavia Neighborhood Plan City & County of San Francisco, congress for the New Urbanism History of Octavia Boulevard Points of Interest near Union Street Origins of San Francisco Street Names
Octavia Boulevard
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Looking south along Octavia Boulevard from Fell Street, where the Central Freeway once dominated the landscape.
Octavia Boulevard
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Looking south along Octavia Street from Jackson Street. This is one of the few blocks in San Francisco still paved in brick.
Octavia Boulevard
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Numbered streets
30.
Polk Street
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The street takes its name from former U. S. President James K. Polk. The street remains a business district with many restaurants, cafes. The street also has bike lanes, which were approved in 2002, San Francisco bike route 25 runs along Polk Street, and is the only North-South route suitable for casual bicycle travel within at least a mile in either direction. There is a debate on whether to increase the level of these improvements. Polk Street is named for James Knox Polk the 11th President of the United States, during the Mexican-American War, and after the Texas annexation, Polk turned his attention to California, hoping to acquire the territory from Mexico before any European nation. The main interest was San Francisco Bay as a point for trade with Asia. The name, somewhat humorous, arises because the street runs over an old stream at the bottom of a gently-sloped valley, the neighborhood is sometimes referred to as Lower Nob Hill or the Tendernob. Several gay, lesbian, and transgender bars and clubs remain in the area, in the 1950s through the 1970s Halloween on Polk Street became a major attraction for tourists and locals. In the 1990s and 2000s the neighborhood started to gentrify and it remains prominent for its nightlife although prostitutes and their pimps are still a common sight on the street. Male prostitutes were common on Polk Street, but now ply their trade mostly over the Internet. The San Francisco Police Department Northern Station serves Polk Gulch, frank Norriss 1899 novel McTeague is about a dentist whose office is on Polk Street. In 2008, McTeague Saloon, located at 1237, opened in his honor
Polk Street
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A Neoplan bus on Polk Street operating on San Francisco Municipal Railway's (MUNI) 19-Polk Line
Polk Street
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Numbered streets
31.
California State Route 35
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State Route 35 in the U. S. It also provides views of the Silicon Valley Metropolitan Area. It was originally designated State Route 5, but this was changed with the creation of Interstate 5 in 1964 and this route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System. However, only the portion from the Santa Cruz-Santa Clara County line to the SR92 junction is actually a scenic highway. The highway begins at the junction of Summit Road and State Route 17. It bears the name Skyline Boulevard for a majority of its route along the ridge of the Santa Cruz Mountains to the west of Silicon Valley, passing cities such as San Jose, Saratoga, and Palo Alto. The southern portion of the road, starting at Highway 17 and ending at Black Road, is mostly a narrow, from Black Road going north the road has been upgraded. The road reaches its highest elevation near Sanborn Skyline County Park at about 3,000 ft, the ridge that the road follows forms the border between Santa Cruz and Santa Clara counties. However, the boundary is so irregular that the road weaves in, Highway 35 is co-routed with SR92 for 2 miles east, descending towards Crystal Springs Reservoir, which it crosses on a causeway, and then joins Interstate 280 northbound for 6 miles. However, on the side, Route 35 exists as a separate road to the west of the freeway between Bunker Hill Dr. and Route 92, as there is no connector road between 280 South and 92 West. Route 35 departs from 280 at the end of San Bruno, running to the west of the freeway, regaining the ridgetop separating South San Francisco. Because of its views and winding roadway, Skyline Boulevard. Many sports cars and motorcycles can be found congregating near the intersections with State Route 9 and State Route 84, mountain bikers are also commonly found at the many trailheads along the road. Numerous hiking trails originate from parking lots off Skyline in these open spaces. Whenever there is snow on the higher elevations, many people take their families up to see and play in the snow. For most of the route, State Route 35 offers vistas of both Silicon Valleys skyline, and also the Pacific Ocean, among the bayside streams are San Francisquito Creek, Redwood Creek, and San Bruno Creek. As old highway maps show, State Route 35 was originally designated State Route 5, the number was changed in the 1964 renumbering. The original state route 35 was located in southern California and ran north to south from State Route 22 to U. S.99, the highway continued west on Centralia Road and then north along Pioneer Blvd. until hitting San Antonio drive at Rosecrans Ave
California State Route 35
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Skyline Boulevard stretches through the Santa Cruz Mountains, here near Palo Alto
California State Route 35
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State Route 35
California State Route 35
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The popular Skeggs Point turnout north of SR 84.
California State Route 35
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Numbered streets
32.
Rescue Row
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Rescue Row is a city block in the Mission District of San Francisco, California where you can find four of San Francisco’s animal rescue & pet adoption organizations in one convenient location. Rescue Row is the name of the section of Alabama Street between 15th and 16th streets. This city block has always been the nickname of the animal welfare location. It was not until May 6,2014 that Rescue Row was approved by the City and Country of San Francisco, thousands of homeless animals find their forever home on Rescue Row. Rescue Row itself is a one city block long street running south from 15th Street to 16th on Alabama Street and it is parallel to and in between Harrison and Florida streets. It is roughly between Mission District and the Potrero Hill, in 1868, banker James Sloan Hutchinson, founded the San Francisco SPCA. Other notable welfare organization followed suit, today, Rescue Row represents animal welfare organizations working together to find new beginnings for all of our rescued animals. On May 31,2014, Rescue Row held a ribbon cutting ceremony, hundred of animal lovers and potential adopters turned out for the inauguration of Rescue Row. The ribbon cutting and pet parade coincided with the kickoff of the Maddie’s© Pet Adoption Days. During that weekend, adoption fees were waived for all animals, there are hundreds of animals to choose from at the four Rescue Row organizations. If you want to adopt a pet, there is no better place. ”Rescue Row - city block website Rescue Row Facebook - Official Facebook page
Rescue Row
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Rescue Row
Rescue Row
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Numbered streets
33.
Stockton Street (San Francisco)
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Stockton Street is a north-south street in San Francisco. It begins at Market Street passing Union Square, a shopping district in the city. In Chinatown, Stockton is the main shopping and business street. The stores also offer live seafood and dried herbs, some shops located on Stockton Street include the Hop Hing Ginseng Company, the Kowloon Market, the Luen Sing Fish Market, Louies Produce, and Fruit City. In the annual Stockton Street market, vendors have been permitted since 2012 to set up stands during the two weeks before Chinese New Year. In this area, Stockton Street is dominated by buildings that are three to four stories high, with shops on the ground floor and residential apartments upstairs. The San Francisco Chronicle has called the section of Stockton Street between Sacramento and Broadway San Francisco’s most interesting street, it’s crowded, untidy, dirty, usually noisy. The completion of the Central Subway is anticipated to bring changes to the streets character. In the Union Square area, Stockton Street is home to upscale stores, including the Macys West flagship
Stockton Street (San Francisco)
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Stockton Street in Chinatown, seen from Broadway, with two Muni trolleybuses, and the mound of the Stockton tunnel in the far background.
Stockton Street (San Francisco)
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Numbered streets
34.
Van Ness Avenue
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Van Ness Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare in San Francisco, California, running from Market St north to the Bay. Originally named Marlette Street, the street was renamed Van Ness Avenue in honor of the seventh mayor. Van Ness Avenue begins at Market Street near the Civic Center, of the more striking landmarks along the route are the San Francisco City Hall, the War Memorial Opera House, and Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall. South Van Ness Avenue is the portion of Van Ness south of Market Street, continuing through the citys South of Market and it was formerly a continuation of Howard Street, having been renamed by resolution of the Board of Supervisors on August 22,1932. The route is designated US101 from the Central Freeway at the convergence of South Van Ness, Howard Street, and 13th Street, north to Lombard Street. Originally a quiet neighborhood of mansions, the street was used as a firebreak by the U. S. Army during the 1906 earthquake. Many of the buildings were dynamited along the street by soldiers in a successful attempt to prevent the firestorm from spreading west to the entire city. It still remains an upscale area with large and grand apartment buildings, restaurants. Streetcar service started on Van Ness in 1915 for the opening of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, the rail lines were removed in the 1950s and replaced with a tree-lined median. The entire route is within the borders of the City and County of San Francisco
Van Ness Avenue
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Intersection of Van Ness Avenue and Clay Street.
Van Ness Avenue
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Intersection of Van Ness Avenue and Bay Street. Galileo Academy of Science and Technology is in the background.
Van Ness Avenue
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Numbered streets
35.
Vermont Street (San Francisco)
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Vermont Street is a north-south street in the Potrero Hill district of San Francisco, one of a series of streets in the Potrero Hill district named after American battleships. It begins at Division Street near the South of Market area and runs south, at 22nd Street Vermont Street jumps to the other side of the freeway via a pedestrian bridge. That piece ends at 25th Street, Vermont resumes at 26th Street back on the east side of the freeway, between 20th and 22nd Street, near McKinley Square, the street has seven sharp turns. This has led the street to be dubbed the crookedest in the world in competition with the better-known Lombard Street, in an episode of Fact or Fiction on the Travel Channel, Jayms Ramirez measured the sinuosity of Lombard and Vermont streets and found that Vermont is indeed more crooked. This is also backed up by members of San Franciscos Department of Public Works on Californias Gold episode Crookedest Street. Unlike the famous block of Lombard Street, which is paved with red brick, Vermont Street is featured in a chase scene in the Clint Eastwood movie Magnum Force
Vermont Street (San Francisco)
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Vermont Street
Vermont Street (San Francisco)
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Numbered streets
36.
California Street (San Francisco)
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California Street is a major thoroughfare in San Francisco, California. California Street is one of the longest streets in San Francisco and it runs in an approximately straight 5.2 mi east-west line from the Financial District to Lincoln Park in the far Northwest corner of the City. The route has four to six lanes for its length. JB Monaco Market Street Photo Gallery
California Street (San Francisco)
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View from the top of California Street Looking towards the financial district with the Bay Bridge in the background
California Street (San Francisco)
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California Street to Oakland Bay Bridge.
California Street (San Francisco)
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Numbered streets
37.
Filbert Street (San Francisco)
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Filbert Street in San Francisco, California starts at Lyon Street 37. 7966°N122. 447°W /37.7966, -122.447 on the east edge of The Presidio and runs east, crossing Van Ness Avenue and Columbus Avenue. It ends on Telegraph Hill 37. 8018°N122. 4062°W /37.8018, -122.4062 at Kearny Street below Coit Tower, the Filbert Street Steps descend the east slope of Telegraph Hill along the line where Filbert Street would be if the hill werent so steep. The steps run through a garden tended to and paid for by the residents of the street, down to a stub of Filbert Street. Many houses in residential neighborhood are accessible only from the steps. As on paved streets, several fire hydrants and a parking meter are located along the steps. Filbert Street and 22nd Street in San Francisco have a gradient of 31. 5%. The steepest hill on Filbert is the east half of the block between Hyde and Leavenworth, like 22nd St it is one-way down. The city map shows a descent of 65 feet, which based on a half-block being 206.25 horizontal feet makes the grade 31. 5%, the official figure. The sidewalk-only section of Broderick Street is steeper, just under 35% grade, the curvy Lombard Street started as a 27% grade. Three streets in Los Angeles are steeper—28th Street in San Pedro at 33. 3%, Eldred Street in Highland Park at 33%, canton Avenue in Pittsburgh is said to have a 37% grade, the length of that grade is unknown. The feral parrots of Telegraph Hill, which were the subject of the 2003 documentary The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill, may often be seen along the steps. Baldwin Street in Dunedin, New Zealand, may be the steepest residential street in the world, it reportedly averages 1,3.41 for 161 meters, Lombard Street Interactive Map Yelp review of the Filbert Steps
Filbert Street (San Francisco)
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Looking east up Filbert Street toward Coit Tower.
Filbert Street (San Francisco)
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Looking up the steps
Filbert Street (San Francisco)
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Numbered streets
38.
Geary Boulevard
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Geary Boulevard is a major east-west 5. Geary Boulevard terminates near Sutro Heights Park at 48th Avenue, close to the Cliff House above Ocean Beach at the Pacific Ocean, at 40th Avenue, Geary intersects with Point Lobos Avenue, which takes through traffic to the Cliff House, Ocean Beach and the Great Highway. It is a commercial artery through the Richmond District, it is lined with stores and restaurants. The boulevard borders Japantown between Fillmore and Laguna Streets, the roadway was originally called Point Lobos Avenue, a name which survives as a branch and extension of the current street. The modern name pays tribute to John W. Geary, the first mayor of San Francisco after California became a U. S. state, Geary Boulevard also has the highest address and block numbers in San Francisco, with the last block being the 8300 block. In addition, although it is unsigned and contains no habitable structures, the right-of-way began as a dirt carriage track to the Cliff House and Ocean Beach, two popular local attractions. For a time, a flat track paralleled the road where horsemen raced their mounts on Sundays, cable cars were operated on the street from 1880 to 1912 by the Geary Street, Park and Ocean Railway. They initially ran from Market Street to Central, connecting to an extension running steam powered cars along Geary to 1st Avenue, in 1892, the cable car line was extended to 5th Avenue, where it turned south to reach Golden Gate Park directly. Despite its name, the Geary Street Park & Ocean Railway never actually reached the ocean, the B Geary line eventually reached Playland and Ocean Beach after turning south at 33rd Avenue and then west on Balboa Avenue. This made the length of Geary from Market Street to 48th served by streetcars. If and when a streetcar line is built along Geary. The section of the boulevard between Franklin Street and Masonic Avenue was upgraded to an expressway in 1961. It features between four and eight lanes and two grade separations at Masonic and Fillmore, complete with frontage lanes. Geary Boulevard also lends its name to the open source email client Geary. There have been feasibility studies by Muni that have investigated the possibility of creating a rail line on Geary. A bus rapid transit line is being planned on Geary Boulevard between Van Ness and 33rd Avenue, with a target completion date is 2019-2020. The McLoughlin Gallery, an art gallery at 49 Geary Street Media related to Geary Boulevard
Geary Boulevard
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Geary Boulevard, looking eastbound at 36th Avenue, in a residential part of the Richmond District
Geary Boulevard
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Numbered streets
39.
Jackson Street (San Francisco)
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Jackson Street is a street in San Francisco, California, running through the Pacific Heights, Nob Hill, Chinatown and Jackson Square districts of the city. The press documented his every movement and wrote extensively about his physical size, in February 1894, the two cable car lines on the street were extended. In the 1990s, the Jackson Street Boys criminal gang gained notoriety, the section of Jackson Street between Montgomery and Sandsome Avenues is of historical interest. It contains several 19th century buildings that were built after the 1851 city fire, Bank, also known as the Shermans Bank was opened by William Tecumseh Sherman on the corner of Jackson and Montgomery in 1854. Ghirardelli Chocolate operated a factory in Nos. 415-431 between 1853 and 1894, the Hotaling Whiskey Warehouse, at Nos. 451-455, was built in 1866. In the aftermath of the earthquake, the Army decided not to demolish the buildings on this block for fear of detonating the barrels of whiskey in the warehouse, the Hotaling Building at 466 Jackson Street was built in 1866. San Franciscos Powell Street Cable Cars, the Blue Tattoo, The Life of Olive Oatman. Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art, Museum of Northern Arizona, prentice, Carol, ed.1906 San Francisco Earthquake Centennial Field Guides, Field Trips Associated with the 100th Anniversary Conference, 18-23 April 2006, San Francisco, California. Historic San Francisco, A Concise History and Guide
Jackson Street (San Francisco)
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Jackson Street / Grant Avenue in November 2006
Jackson Street (San Francisco)
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Whittier Mansion, 2090 Jackson Street
40.
Lombard Street (San Francisco)
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Lombard Street is an east–west street in San Francisco, California that is famous for a steep, one-block section with eight hairpin turns. Stretching from The Presidio east to The Embarcadero, most of the western segment is a major thoroughfare designated as part of U. S. Route 101. The famous one-block section, claimed as the most crooked street in the world, is located along the segment in the Russian Hill neighborhood. The street was named after Lombard Street in Philadelphia by San Francisco surveyor Jasper OFarrell, Lombard Streets west end is at Presidio Boulevard inside The Presidio, it then heads east through the Cow Hollow neighborhood. For twelve blocks, between Broderick Street and Van Ness Avenue, it is a road that is co-signed as U. S. Route 101. Lombard Street continues through the Russian Hill neighborhood and to the Telegraph Hill neighborhood, at Telegraph Hill it turns south, becoming Telegraph Hill Boulevard to Pioneer Park and Coit Tower. Lombard Street starts again at Winthrop Street and ends at The Embarcadero as a collector road, Lombard Street is known for the one-way block on Russian Hill between Hyde and Leavenworth Streets, where eight sharp turns are said to make it the most crooked street in the world. The design, first suggested by property owner Carl Henry and built in 1922, was intended to reduce the hills natural 27% grade and it is also a hazard to pedestrians, who are accustomed to shallow inclines, up to 4. 86° because of wheel chair navigability concerns. The crooked block is perhaps 600 feet long, is one-way and is paved with red bricks, the sign at the top recommends 5 mph. The Powell-Hyde cable car stops at the top of the block on Hyde Street, past residents of Lombard Street include Rowena Meeks Abdy, an early California painter who worked in the style of Impressionism. As The Crookedest Street in the World, like Lombard Street it has eight turns but over a shorter distance. Media related to Lombard Street at Wikimedia Commons Tourist Trapped, The Crookedest Street In The World, SFGate Culture Blog Lombard Street on San Francisco To Do Lombard Street, SF GuideLines
Lombard Street (San Francisco)
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Lombard Street seen from Coit Tower
Lombard Street (San Francisco)
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Looking east down the curvy block of Lombard Street, with the straight section continuing towards Telegraph Hill and Coit Tower
Lombard Street (San Francisco)
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Looking up Lombard Street
Lombard Street (San Francisco)
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Traffic caution sign at top of switchbacks recommends a top speed of 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h)
41.
Alemany Boulevard
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Alemany Boulevard is a northeast–southwest street in San Francisco, California, United States. The boulevard was named for Archbishop Joseph Sadoc Alemany and he was transferred 29 July 1853, to the See of San Francisco as its first archbishop. It starts at Bayshore Boulevard near the Alemany Maze, the eastbound and westbound lanes split beneath the interchange, allowing for access ramps to US-101 from the middle. This configuration is referred to as the Alemany Circle, to the west, the road again splits into two carriageways, with I-280 running in the middle. At Congdon Street, the two carriageways merge, after passing under Mission Street, Alemany continues south and traverses the Excelsior District, running south of I-280. Between Brotherhood Boulevard and San Jose Avenue, Alemany runs one-way eastbound, with traffic crossing under I-280 and through Sagamore Street. It continues west and ends at Junipero Serra Boulevard, which access to John Daly Boulevard
Alemany Boulevard
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Numbered streets
42.
Embarcadero (San Francisco)
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The Embarcadero is the eastern waterfront and roadway of the Port of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, along San Francisco Bay. It was constructed on reclaimed land along a three mile long engineered seawall, from which extend into the bay. It derives its name from the Spanish verb embarcar, meaning to embark, the Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20,2002. The Embarcadero right-of-way begins at the intersection of Second and King Streets near AT&T Park, the Embarcadero continues north past the Ferry Building at Market Street, Pier 39, and Fishermans Wharf, before ending at Pier 45. A section of The Embarcadero which ran between Folsom Street and Drumm Street was formerly known as East Street, for three decades, until it was torn down in 1991, the Embarcadero Freeway dominated the area. As the city grew, the cove was filled, over fifty years a large offshore seawall was built and the mudflats filled, creating what today is San Franciscos Financial District. The San Francisco Belt Railroad, a short line railroad for freight, the roadway follows the seawall, a boundary first established in the 1860s and not completed until the 1920s. During the early-20th century when the seaport was at its busiest and before the construction of the Bay Bridge, piers 1, 1½,3 and 5 were dedicated chiefly to inland trade and transport. These connections facilitated the growth of communities in the Sacramento- and San Joaquin Valleys, today, these piers comprise the Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District. The Delta Queen docked at Pier 1½, ferrying people between San Francisco and Sacramento, there was once a pedestrian footbridge that connected Market Street directly with the Ferry building and a subterranean roadway to move cars below the plaza. During World War II, San Franciscos waterfront became a logistics center, troops, equipment. Almost every pier and wharf was involved in activities, with troop ships. However, after the completion of the Bay Bridge and the decline of ferries and the Ferry Building. The transition to container shipping, which moved most shipping to Oakland, automobile transit efforts led to the Embarcadero Freeway being built in the 1960s. This improved automobile access to the Bay Bridge, but detracted aesthetically from the city, for 30 years, the highway divided the waterfront and the Ferry Building from downtown. It was torn down in 1991, after being damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The sidewalk along the waterfront between China Basin and Fishermans Wharf was named Herb Caen Way, after the death of celebrated local columnist Herb Caen in 1997. The three dots, or ellipsis, deliberately are included in honor of columnist Herb Caens Pulitzer Prize winning writing style, a large public sculpture, Cupids Span by Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, was installed in 2002 along the Rincon Park area
Embarcadero (San Francisco)
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Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District
Embarcadero (San Francisco)
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Rincon Park and Cupid's Span with the San Francisco skyline and The Embarcadero in the background.
Embarcadero (San Francisco)
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View from the bay 2007
Embarcadero (San Francisco)
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View of Yerba Buena Island and Bay Bridge
43.
Market Street (San Francisco)
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Market Street is a major thoroughfare in San Francisco, California. Beyond this point, the roadway continues as Portola Drive into the southwestern quadrant of San Francisco, Portola Drive extends south to the intersection of St. Francis Boulevard and Sloat Boulevard, where it continues as Junipero Serra Boulevard. Market Street is the boundary of two street grids, Streets on its southeast side are parallel or perpendicular to Market Street, while those on the northwest are nine degrees off from the cardinal directions. Market Street is a major artery for the city of San Francisco, and has carried in turn horse-drawn streetcars, cable cars, electric streetcars, electric trolleybuses. Today Munis buses, trolleybuses, and heritage streetcars share the street, while below the street the two-level Market Street Subway carries Muni Metro and Bay Area Rapid Transit. While cable cars no longer operate on Market Street, the cable car lines terminate to the side of the street at its intersections with California Street. Market Street cuts across the city for three miles from the waterfront to the hills of Twin Peaks and it was laid out originally by Jasper OFarrell, a 26-year-old trained civil engineer who emigrated to Yerba Buena. The town was renamed San Francisco in 1847 after it was captured by United States troops during the Mexican-American War, OFarrell first repaired the original layout of the settlement around Portsmouth Square and then established Market Street as the widest street in town,120 feet between property lines. It was described at the time as an arrow aimed straight at Los Pechos de la Chola, a friend warned OFarrell, before the crowd had dispersed. He rode with all haste to North Beach, took a boat for Sausalito and he found it discreet to remain some time in the country before venturing to return to the city. The city soon filled in the ground between Portsmouth Square and Happy Valley at First and Mission Street, the dunes were leveled and the sand used for fill. The first horsecar-powered railway line to open in San Francisco commenced running down the thoroughfare on July 4,1860, the two Union Railroad tracks were on the inside and the two San Francisco Municipal Railway tracks were on the outside. In 1892 The Owl Drug Company was established at 1128 Market Street, Market Street underwent major changes in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when Muni Metro service was moved underground in concert with the development of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system. Construction of the Market Street Subway commenced in July 1967, prolonged disruption to what had traditionally been the social and economic center of the city contributed to the decline of the mid-Market shopping district in later years. In 1980, Munis surface operations were partially routed underground with full service changes occurring in 1982, in the days of the first United Nations conferences, Anthony Eden, Molotov, Stettinius, and Bidault rode up Market Street, waving to the crowds of hopefuls. On Christmas Eve 1910, opera singer Luisa Tetrazzini sang a free concert to a crowd some estimated at 250,000. Another historic Market Street event was the New Years Eve celebration at the Ferry Building on December 31,1999, over 1.2 million people jammed Market Street and nearby streets for the raucous and peaceful turn-of-the-century celebration. The San Francisco Gay Pride parade runs down Market Street, attracting many people every year, victory parades celebrating the San Francisco Giants World Series titles were held on Market Street in 2010,2012, and 2014
Market Street (San Francisco)
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Market Street is conspicuous in the view from Twin Peaks.
Market Street (San Francisco)
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An F Market streetcar turns at the foot of Market Street, in front of the Ferry Building.
Market Street (San Francisco)
Market Street (San Francisco)
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Market Street after the San Francisco Giants World Series win
44.
Belden Place
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Belden Place is a narrow alley in the Financial District of San Francisco, California that serves as the hub of the citys small French American community. Locally the street is sometimes called Belden Lane, Belden Alley, the area was home to San Franciscos first French settlers. Approximately 3,000, sponsored by the French government, arrived near the end of the Gold Rush in 1851. According to historian Gladys Hansen, the French shared Dupont Street with early Chinese settlers during the days of Chinatown. French novelist Alexandre Dumas, père, in his 1852 first-person account A Gil Blas in California, the enclave persisted, despite subsequent waves of Chinese, Italian, Irish, and other immigrants to the area. It is roughly between Chinatown and the Financial District, in 1990, restaurateurs Olivier Azancot and Eric Klein opened Cafe Bastille, the mainstay that set the modern tone for the area. Notable restaurants in the alley itself include Sams Grill, Cafe Bastille, Cafe Tiramisu, Plouf, B44, Belden Taverna, nearby are Café de la Presse and Le Central. Also nearby are the Alliance Française, the French consulate, and the Notre-Dame-des-Victoires Church, in the vicinity are several other restaurants, cafes, hotels and other French-related institutions along Bush Street and Claude Lane, another nearby alley. The cafes, hotels and restaurants of the area have a distinct joie de vivre befitting the neighborhoods heritage, due to cold weather and lack of available locations, no other neighborhood in San Francisco has a comparable street dining scene. The lane is closed to traffic and filled for lunch and dinner with portable chairs, tables, umbrellas. At night the street is lit with candles, Christmas lights strung overhead. Restaurants send attractive hostesses out into the street to lure potential diners, every year, the area is the site of a boisterous Bastille Day celebration, the nations largest, and Bush Street is temporarily renamed Buisson
Belden Place
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A pasta dish on Belden Place
Belden Place
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Numbered streets
45.
Jack Kerouac Alley
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Jack Kerouac Alley is a one-way alleyway in Chinatown, San Francisco, California, that connects Grant Avenue and Columbus Avenue. The alley is named after Jack Kerouac, a Beat Generation writer who used to frequent the pub, the alley was a common place for garbage dumping and a shortcut for trucks. In 1988, poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti, who is the co-founder of City Lights Bookstore, the project involved repaving the alley, banning motor vehicles from entering, and installing new street lights. The new look alley was reopened to the public in March 2007, the alley is now known for its engraved Western and Chinese poems, including poets such as John Steinbeck, Maya Angelou, and Kerouac himself. A ceremony was held in April 2007 to celebrate the reopening of the alley, a picture of Jack Kerouac Alley on Flickr
Jack Kerouac Alley
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Plaque with a quote from Lawrence Ferlinghetti 's poem in Jack Kerouac Alley
Jack Kerouac Alley
Jack Kerouac Alley
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Plaque with Jack Kerouac 's name
Jack Kerouac Alley
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Plaque with Jack Kerouac 's quote
46.
Macondray Lane
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Macondray Lane is a small pedestrian lane on the southeastern side of Russian Hill in San Francisco, California. A wooded enclave in the heart of the city, it was recast by Armistead Maupin as Barbary Lane for his Tales of the City, macondray Lane extends two blocks east-west between Leavenworth and Taylor Streets, paralleling Union and Green Streets. At the Taylor Street end, a set of steps descend from the lane to Taylor Street, views from the lane extend northward to Alcatraz Island and the San Francisco Bay
Macondray Lane
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The lane
Macondray Lane
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Numbered streets
47.
Maiden Lane (San Francisco)
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Maiden Lane is a pedestrian mall located in San Francisco, California, United States. A former section of the red light district, Maiden Lane is now home to high-end boutiques. The street also serves as the location of San Franciscos only Frank Lloyd Wright designed building, prior to the 1906 earthquake, the street was called Morton Street and was the center of San Franciscos red-light district. Historically, the street reported one murder a week, the earthquake, which leveled much of the city, rendered this two-block stretch rubble, and the brothels were destroyed. It was renamed Maiden Lane by a jeweler who wanted to conjure the Maiden Lanes of London. In 1955, on the initiative of merchants, cars were prohibited from the lane during certain times of day. Maiden Lane has trees along its sidewalks, redwood benches to invite the sightseer or window shopper or buyer to linger, sidewalks of colored paving, all the merchants do things differently, some put out tables with their wares, some hang out window boxes and grow vines. All the buildings, old and new, look individual, the most celebrated is an expanse of tan brick with a curved doorway, the pedestrians welfare is supreme, during the rush of the day, he has the street. Maiden Lane is an oasis with a sense of intimacy, cheerfulness. It is one of San Franciscos most powerful downtown magnets, downtown cant be remade into a bunch of Maiden Lanes, and it would be insufferably quaint if it were. But the potential illustrated can be realized by any city and in its own particular way, in 1961, the San Francisco Chronicles columnist Herb Caen praised Maiden Lane as a busy little block of intriguing shops. Today, the street is a pedestrian mall lined with boutiques, the pedestrian mall stretches two blocks, between Kearny and Stockton Streets. The street is blocked from traffic from 11 am until 5 pm by wrought iron gates, the most notable building on the street is the V. C. Morris Gift Shop, which is a San Francisco Designated Landmark. The building is the only Frank Lloyd Wright designed space in the city
Maiden Lane (San Francisco)
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A section of Maiden Lane
Maiden Lane (San Francisco)
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Numbered streets
48.
Etymologies of place names in San Francisco
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This is a list of place name etymologies in San Francisco, California. List of hills in San Francisco San Francisco Historical Street Names, early San Francisco History from Street Names. Museum of the City of San Francisco
Etymologies of place names in San Francisco
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Numbered streets
49.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
50.
Balmy Alley
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Balmy Alley is a one-block-long alley that is home to the most concentrated collection of murals in the city of San Francisco. It is located in the central portion of the Inner Mission District between 24th Street and Garfield Square. Since 1973, every building on the street has been decorated with a mural, artists who have produced murals in the alley include Juana Alicia, Susan Kelk Cervantes, Brooke Francher, Miranda Bergman, Osha Neuman, Carlos Loarca, and Xochitl Nevel-Guerrero. The earliest murals in the date to 1972, painted by Maria Galivez. Artists Patricia Rodriquez and Graciela Carillo had rented an apartment on Balmy Alley and painted their first mural in the Alley and their two-woman team soon expanded and became known as Las Mujeres Muralistas. Fellow member Irene Perez painted her own mural on the alley in 1973, topics of the murals included the Nicaraguan revolution, Óscar Romero, and the Guatemalan civil war. This culminated in the addition of twenty-seven murals during the summer of 1985 and this art project proved influential, inspiring the La Lucha Continua Art Park/La Lucha Mural Park in New York City the following year. The alley includes a mural about the gentrification of the Mission, including harassment from police, painting continues regularly in the alley, including a restoration of one the PLACA murals in 2014. Precita Eyes Clarion Alley San Francisco Mural Arts Gallery Balmy Alley website
Balmy Alley
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Murals in Balmy Alley.
Balmy Alley
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Tributo a Mujeres Muralistas by Precita Eyes Muralists, 1995.
Balmy Alley
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Balmy Alley Looking South
Balmy Alley
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Numbered streets
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