The Berlin outer ring is a 125 km (78 mi) long double track electrified railway, originally built by the German Democratic Republic to bypass West Berlin in preparation for the building of the Berlin Wall during the division of Germany. It was developed by East Germany for economic, transport policy, and military reasons between 1951 and 1961 and included parts of some older lines.
The outer ring near Sellheimbrücke, on the left is the route of the planned S-Bahn
Grunau Cross in 1980
West Berlin was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin from 1948 until 1990, during the Cold War. Although West Berlin lacked any sovereignty and was under military occupation until German reunification in 1990, the territory was claimed by the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), despite being entirely surrounded by East Germany (GDR). The legality of this claim was contested by the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries. However, West Berlin de facto aligned itself politically with the FRG from May 1949 and was thereafter treated as a de facto city-state of that country. After 1949, it was directly or indirectly represented in the institutions of the FRG, and most of its residents were citizens of the FRG.
In 1969 U.S. military vehicles pass through the residential district of Zehlendorf, a routine reminder that West Berlin was still de jure occupied by the Western Allies of World War II
West Berlin auxiliary identity card, bearing the words "The holder of this identity card is a German national" in German, French and English
President John F. Kennedy addressing the people of West Berlin from Rathaus Schöneberg on Rudolf-Wilde-Platz (today's John-F.-Kennedy-Platz), 26 June 1963
President Reagan speaking in front of the Brandenburg Gate giving the "Tear down this wall!" speech in 1987