1.
Bordeaux
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Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France. The municipality of Bordeaux proper has a population of 243,626, together with its suburbs and satellite towns, Bordeaux is the centre of the Bordeaux Métropole. With 749,595 inhabitants and 1,178,335 in the area, it is the fifth largest in France, after Paris, Lyon, Marseille and Lille. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture of the Gironde department and its inhabitants are called Bordelais or Bordelaises. The term Bordelais may also refer to the city and its surrounding region, Bordeaux is the worlds major wine industry capital. It is home to the main wine fair, Vinexpo. Bordeaux wine has been produced in the region since the 8th century, the historic part of the city is on the UNESCO World Heritage List as an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble of the 18th century. After Paris, Bordeaux has the highest number of preserved buildings of any city in France. In historical times, around 300 BC it was the settlement of a Celtic tribe, the Bituriges Vivisci, the name Bourde is still the name of a river south of the city. In 107 BC, the Battle of Burdigala was fought by the Romans who were defending the Allobroges, a Gallic tribe allied to Rome, the Romans were defeated and their commander, the consul Lucius Cassius Longinus, was killed in the action. The city fell under Roman rule around 60 BC, its importance lying in the commerce of tin, later it became capital of Roman Aquitaine, flourishing especially during the Severan dynasty. In 276 it was sacked by the Vandals, further ravage was brought by the same Vandals in 409, the Visigoths in 414 and the Franks in 498, beginning a period of obscurity for the city. In the late 6th century, the city re-emerged as the seat of a county and an archdiocese within the Merovingian kingdom of the Franks, the city started to play a regional role as a major urban center on the fringes of the newly founded Frankish Duchy of Vasconia. Around 585, a certain Gallactorius is cited as count of Bordeaux, the city was plundered by the troops of Abd er Rahman in 732 after storming the fortified city and overwhelming the Aquitanian garrison. After Duke Eudess defeat, the Aquitanian duke could still save part of its troops, the following year, the Frankish commander descended again over Aquitaine, but clashed in battle with the Aquitanians and left to take on hostile Burgundian authorities and magnates. In 745, Aquitaine faced yet another expedition by Charles sons Pepin and Carloman against Hunald, Hunald was defeated, and his son Waifer replaced him, who in turn confirmed Bordeaux as the capital city. During the last stage of the war against Aquitaine, it was one of Waifers last important strongholds to fall to King Pepin the Shorts troops. Next to Bordeaux, Charlemagne built the fortress of Fronsac on a hill across the border with the Basques, in 778, Seguin was appointed count of Bordeaux, probably undermining the power of the Duke Lupo, and possibly leading to the Battle of Roncevaux Pass that very year
Bordeaux
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Clockwise from top: Place de la Bourse by the Garonne, Allees du Tourny and Maison de Vin, Pierre Bridge on the Garonne, Meriadeck Commercial Centre, front of Palais Rohan Hotel, and Saint-Andre Cathedral with Bordeaux Tramway
Bordeaux
Bordeaux
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Coins of the Bituriges Vivisci, 5th–1st century BC, derived from the coin designs of Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul. Cabinet des Médailles.
Bordeaux
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Merovingian tremisses minted in Bordeaux by the Church of Saint-Étienne, late 6th century. British Museum.
2.
Focus city
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In the airline industry, a focus city is a destination from which an airline operates several point-to-point routes. Thus, a city primarily caters to the local market rather than to connecting passengers. However, with the terms expanded usage, a city may also function as a small-scale hub. Allegiant Air, JetBlue and Frontier Airlines are examples of airlines that consider some of their destinations to be focus cities
Focus city
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Kuala Lumpur is AirAsia 's hub, with Kota Kinabalu, Penang, and Kuching as mini hubs or focus cities.
3.
Volotea
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Volotea is a Spanish low cost airline headquartered in Barcelona with bases in Spain, Italy and France. Volotea was established by Alaeo S. L. from Barcelona, the name Volotea originates from the Spanish verb revolotear, meaning to fly around. It commenced operations on 5 April 2012, from Venice Marco Polo Airport, the company raised over €50m before operations began. Boeing announced on 15 February 2012 that it had signed a long term deal with Volotea for an undisclosed number of Boeing 717 aircraft. In March 2015, it was announced that Volotea will receive a further four 717s from Blue1, however, in November 2015, Volotea announced plans to phase out their 717 fleet over the next few years and replace it with Airbus A320 family aircraft. As of April 2016, the Volotea fleet consists of the following aircraft, Media related to Volotea at Wikimedia Commons Official website
Volotea
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Volotea
Volotea
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Volotea's head office
Volotea
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Volotea Boeing 717-200
4.
Aquitaine
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Aquitaine, archaic Guyenne/Guienne was a traditional region of France, and was an administrative region of France until 1 January 2016. It is now part of the new region Nouvelle-Aquitaine and it is situated in the south-western part of Metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It is composed of the five departments of Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes, in the Middle Ages, Aquitaine was a kingdom and a duchy, whose boundaries fluctuated considerably. This has been demonstrated by various Aquitanian names and words that were recorded by the Romans, whether this Aquitanian language was a remnant of a Vasconic language group that once extended much farther, or whether it was generally limited to the Aquitaine/Basque region is not known. The original Aquitania at the time of Caesars conquest of Gaul included the area bounded by the Garonne River, the Pyrenees, the name may stem from Latin aqua, maybe derived from the town Aquae Augustae, Aquae Tarbellicae or just Aquis or as a more general geographical feature. In 392, the Roman imperial provinces were restructured and Aquitania Prima, Aquitania Secunda, accounts of Aquitania during the Early Middle Ages are a blur, lacking precision, but there was much unrest. The Visigoths were called into Gaul as foederati, legalizing their status within the Empire, eventually they established themselves as the de facto rulers in south-west Gaul as central Roman rule collapsed. Visigoths established their capital in Toulouse, but their tenure on Aquitaine was feeble, in 507, they were expelled south to Hispania after their defeat in the Battle of Vouillé by the Franks, who became the new rulers in the area to the south of the Loire. The Roman Aquitania Tertia remained in place as Novempopulania, where a duke was appointed to hold a grip over the Basques and these dukes were quite detached from central Frankish overlordship, sometimes governing as independent rulers with strong ties to their kinsmen south of the Pyrenees. As of 660, the foundations for an independent Aquitaine/Vasconia polity were established by the duke Felix of Aquitaine, a united Basque-Aquitanian realm reached its heyday under Odo the Greats rule. Odo was required to pledge allegiance to the Frankish Charles Martel in exchange for help against the advancing Arabic forces, Basque-Aquitanian self-rule temporarily came to a halt, definitely in 768 after the assassination of Waifer. Seguin, count of Bordeaux and Duke of Vasconia, seemed to have attempted a detachment from the Frankish central authority on Charlemagnes death, the new emperor Louis the Pious reacted by removing him from his capacity, which stirred the Basques into rebellion. Before Pepins death, emperor Louis had appointed a new king in 832, his son Charles the Bald, however scarce, some Frankish population and nobles settled down in regions like Albigeois, Carcassone, Toulouse, and Provence and Lower Rhone. After the death of the king Dagobert I, the Merovingian tenure south of the Loire became largely nominal, with the power being in the hands of autonomous regional leaders. The Franks may have largely assimilated to the preponderant Gallo-Roman culture by the 8th century. Still, in the Battle of Toulouse, the Aquitanian duke Odo is said to be leading an army of Aquitanians, on the other hand, the Franks didnt mix with the Basques, keeping separate paths. Recorded evidence points to their deployment across Aquitaine in a capacity as a mainstay of the Dukes forces. Romans are cited as living in the cities of Aquitaine, as opposed to the Franks, in 1058, the Duchy of Vasconia and Aquitaine merged under the rule of William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine
Aquitaine
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Landscape in Dordogne, Aquitaine
Aquitaine
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Flag
Aquitaine
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Situation in the duchies of Vasconia and Aquitaine (760)
Aquitaine
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Landscape in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Aquitaine
5.
International airport
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An international airport is an airport that offers customs and immigration facilities for passengers travelling between countries. International airports often also host domestic flights, some, such as Frankfurt Airport in Germany are very large, others such as Faaā International Airport in Tahiti, are quite small. Buildings, operations and management have become increasingly sophisticated since the mid 20th century, detailed technical standards have been developed to ensure safety and common coding systems implemented to provide global consistency. The physical structures that serve millions of passengers and flights are among the most complex. In August 1919, Hounslow Heath Aerodrome, in London, England was the first airport to operate scheduled international commercial services and it was closed and supplanted by Croydon Airport in March 1920. In the United States, Douglas Municipal Airport in Arizona became the first international airport of the Americas in 1928, the precursors to international airports were airfields or aerodromes. In the early days of international flights, there was limited infrastructure, four-engined land planes being unavailable for over-water operations to international destinations, thus/therefore flying boats became part of the solution. At the far end of the longest international route, on-water landing areas were found in such as Surabaya. In Sydney, Rose Bay, New South Wales, was chosen as the landing area. International airports sometimes serve military as well as commercial purposes and their viability is also affected by technological developments, other international airports, such as Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong, have been decommissioned and replaced when they reached capacity or technological advances rendered them inadequate. Airports may also be regarded as emblematic of national pride and so the design may be architecturally ambitious, an example is the planned New Mexico City international airport, intended to replace an airport that has reached capacity. Airports can be towered or non-towered, depending on air traffic density, because of high capacity and busy airspace, many international airports have air traffic control located on site. Construction of the expressway included the construction of two bridges and the Ma Wan viaduct on Ma Wan island to connect the bridges, each bridge carries rail and automobile traffic. International airports have commercial relationships with and provide services to airlines, many also serve as hubs, or places where non-direct flights may land and passengers may switch planes, while others serve primarily direct point-to-point flights. This affects airport design factors, including the number and placement of terminals as well as the flow of passengers, an airport specializing in point-to-point transit can have international and domestic terminals, each in their separate building equipped with separate baggage handling facilities. In a hub airport, however, spaces and services are shared, technical standards for safety and operating procedures at international airports are set by international agreements. The International Air Transport Association, formed in 1945, is the association of the airline companies, the International Civil Aviation Organization is a body of the United Nations succeeding earlier international committees going back to 1903. These two organizations served to create regulations over airports which the airports themselves had no authority to debate and this eventually sparked an entire subject of air travel politics
International airport
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An aerial photograph of San Francisco International Airport at night, showing departure gates radiating out from the terminal building, aerobridges, apron and parked planes (2005)
International airport
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Qantas Empire Airways International flying boat services arriving at Rose Bay, Sydney (c.1939)
International airport
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Airports have to be designed to fit into the landscape (Nouméa Magenta Airport)
International airport
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A flight information display system screen at Charles de Gaulle Airport 's Terminal 2 showing flight arrivals
6.
Communes of France
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The commune is a level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to civil townships incorporated municipalities in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany, the United Kingdom has no exact equivalent, as communes resemble districts in urban areas, but are closer to parishes in rural areas where districts are much larger. Communes are based on historical geographic communities or villages and have received significant powers of governance to manage the populations, the communes are the fourth-level administrative divisions of France. A French commune may be a city of 2.2 million inhabitants like Paris, communes typically are based on pre-existing villages and facilitate local governance. All communes have names, but not all named geographic areas or groups of people residing together are communes, a commune is a town, city, or municipality. Use of commune in English is a habit, and one that might be corrected. There is nothing in commune in French that is different from town in English. The French word commune appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin communia, as of January 2015, there were 36,681 communes in France,36,552 of them in metropolitan France and 129 of them overseas. This is a higher total than that of any other European country. The whole territory of the French Republic is divided into communes and this is unlike some other countries, such as the United States, where unincorporated areas directly governed by a county or a higher authority can be found. There are only a few exceptions, COM of Saint-Martin and it was previously a commune inside the Guadeloupe région. The commune structure was abolished when Saint-Martin became an overseas collectivity on 22 February 2007, COM of Wallis and Futuna, which still is divided according to the three traditional chiefdoms. It was previously a commune inside the Guadeloupe region, the commune structure was abolished when Saint-Barthélemy became an overseas collectivity on 22 February 2007.88 square kilometres. The median area of metropolitan Frances communes at the 1999 census was even smaller, the median area is a better measure of the area of a typical French commune. This median area is smaller than that of most European countries. In Italy, the area of communes is 22 km2, in Belgium it is 40 km2, in Spain it is 35 km2, and in Germany. Switzerland and the Länder of Rhineland-Palatinate, Schleswig-Holstein, and Thuringia in Germany were the places in Europe where the communes had a smaller median area than in France. The communes of Frances overseas départements such as Réunion and French Guiana are large by French standards and they usually group into the same commune several villages or towns, often with sizeable distances among them
Communes of France
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Road sign marking the end of the village of Y in the Somme department of Picardy
Communes of France
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Map of the 36,569 communes of metropolitan France
Communes of France
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Mittelhausbergen in Alsace
Communes of France
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Vacqueyras in Provence, showing double French/ Provençal name
7.
Gironde
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Gironde is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwest France. It is named for the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, the Bordeaux wine region is in the Gironde. Gironde is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 and it was created from parts of the former provinces of Guyenne and Gascony. From 1793 to 1795, the name was changed to Bec-dAmbès to avoid the association with the revolutionary party. Gironde is part of the current region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and is surrounded by the departments of Landes, Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne and Charente-Maritime, with an area of 10,000 km², Gironde is the largest department in metropolitan France. If overseas departments are included, however, Girondes land area is dwarfed by the 83,846 km² of Guyane, Gironde is well known for the Côte dArgent beach which is Europes longest, attracting many surfers to Lacanau each year. It is also the birthplace of Jacques-Yves Cousteau who studied the sea, the Great Dune of Pyla in Arcachon Bay near Bordeaux is the tallest sand dune in Europe. The President of the General Council is Jean-Luc Gleyze of the Socialist Party
Gironde
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Prefecture building of the Gironde department, in Bordeaux
Gironde
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Bordeaux
Gironde
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Bordeaux wine
Gironde
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The Great Dune of Pyla
8.
Low cost carrier
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A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline is an airline that generally has lower fares and fewer comforts. To make up for revenue lost in decreased ticket prices, the airline may charge for extras like food, priority boarding, seat allocating, as of July 2014, the worlds largest low-cost carrier is Southwest Airlines, which operates in the United States and some surrounding areas. The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with an operating cost structure than their competitors. Low-cost carrier business model practices vary widely, some practices are more common in certain regions, while others are generally universal. The common theme among all low-cost carriers is the reduction of cost, traditional airlines have also reduced their cost using several of these practices. Most low-cost carriers operate aircraft configured with a single passenger class and these airlines tend to operate short-haul flights that suit the range of narrow-body planes. Long-range wide-body aircraft are too expensive for low cost carriers. In the past, low-cost carriers tended to operate older aircraft purchased second-hand, such as the McDonnell Douglas DC-9, since 2000, fleets generally consist of the newest aircraft, commonly the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737. In 2013, ch-aviation published a study about the strategy of low-cost carriers. They summarized that major LCCs that order aircraft in large numbers get huge discounts and that saves a lot in operative costs. Aircraft often operate with a set of optional equipment, further reducing costs of acquisition and maintenance, as well as keeping the weight of the aircraft lower. Ryanair seats do not recline and do not have pockets, to reduce cleaning. Pilot conveniences, such as ACARS, may be excluded, often, no in-flight entertainment systems are made available, though many US low-cost carriers do offer satellite television or radio in-flight. It is also becoming a popular approach to install LCD monitors onto the aircraft and broadcast advertisements on them, most do not offer reserved seating, hoping to encourage passengers to board early and quickly, thus decreasing turnaround times. Some allow priority boarding for an extra fee instead of reserved seating, like the major carriers, many low-cost carriers develop one or more bases to maximize destination coverage and defend their market. Many do not operate traditional hubs, but rather focus cities, Airlines often offer a simpler fare scheme, such as charging one-way tickets half that of round-trips. Typically fares increase as the plane fills up, which rewards early reservations, in Europe luggage is not transferred from one flight to another, even if both flights are with the same airline. This saves costs and is thought to encourage passengers to take direct flights, tickets are not sold with transfers, so the airline wont need to take responsibility for a delay
Low cost carrier
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A Boeing 737-800 operated by Irish airline Ryanair
Low cost carrier
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A Wizz Air Airbus A320 in Katowice International Airport.
Low cost carrier
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A SunExpress Boeing 737-800 in Zurich Airport.
Low cost carrier
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An Airbus A319 of Germanwings and an Airbus A320 of Air Berlin at Zurich Airport. Both carriers are among the largest budget airlines in Germany.
9.
EasyJet
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EasyJet is a British airline, operating under the low-cost carrier model, based at London Luton Airport. It operates domestic and international scheduled services on over 820 routes in more than 30 countries, EasyJet plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index. EasyGroup Holdings Ltd is the largest shareholder with a 34. 62% stake and it employs nearly 11,000 people, based throughout Europe but mainly in the UK. EasyJet has seen expansion since its establishment in 1995, having grown through a combination of acquisitions, the airline, along with associate company easyJet Switzerland, operates more than 200 aircraft, mostly Airbus A319. It has 28 bases across Europe, the largest being Gatwick, in 2014 the airline carried more than 65 million passengers, making it the second-largest airline in Europe by number of passengers carried, behind Ryanair. EasyJet was featured in the television series Airline broadcast on ITV which followed the operations at London Luton. In November 2016, ITN Productions announced a new TV series to be broadcast on ITV in 2017 exploring what it takes to become a pilot at the airline. The current working title of the series is easyJet, Inside the Cockpit and will feature unprecedented access to the pilot training scheme using unique. The airline was established in 1995, the first company in what would become the easyGroup conglomerate. It was launched by Greek Cypriot businessman Stelios Haji-Ioannou with two wet leased Boeing 737-200 aircraft, initially operating two routes, London Luton Airport to Glasgow and Edinburgh. In April 1996, the first wholly owned aircraft was delivered to the airline, enabling its first international route, until October 1997, the aircraft were operated by GB Airways and subsequently by Air Foyle, as easyJet had not yet received its Air Operators Certificate. EasyJet was floated on the London Stock Exchange on 5 November 2000, in October 2004 the FL Group, owner of the airlines Icelandair and Sterling, purchased an 8. 4% stake in the airline. Over the course of 2005, FL increased its share in the company periodically to 16. 9%, however, in April 2006 the threat of takeover receded as FL sold its stake for €325 million, securing a profit of €140m on its investment. In November 2005, Ray Webster stood down after 10 years as executive officer and was replaced by former RAC plc CEO. EasyJet has expanded since its establishment, driven by demand from both the United Kingdom and continental Europe, as part of this, the airline has also purchased several rivals, including GB Airways. In March 1998, easyJet purchased a 40% stake in Swiss charter airline TEA Basle for three million Swiss francs, the airline was renamed easyJet Switzerland and commenced franchise services on 1 April 1999, having relocated its headquarters to Geneva International Airport. This was easyJets first new base outside the United Kingdom, in 2002, rival airline Go Fly was purchased for £374 million, the airline inherited three new bases from Go, at Bristol Airport, East Midlands Airport and London Stansted Airport. The acquisition of Go almost doubled the number of Boeing 737-300 aircraft in the easyJet fleet, in 2002, the airline opened its base at Gatwick Airport, and between 2003 and 2007 opened bases in Germany, France, Italy and Spain, establishing a presence in continental Europe
EasyJet
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Go Fly Boeing 737-300 in 2004
EasyJet
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Hangar 89 at London Luton Airport, EasyJet head office
EasyJet
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EasyJet Airbus A320 at Ben Gurion Airport
EasyJet
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EasyJet Airbus A319 wearing the new livery (2015)
10.
Ryanair
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Ryanair Ltd. is an Irish low-cost airline headquartered in Swords, a suburb of Dublin, Ireland, with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted Airports. In 2016, Ryanair was both the largest European airline by scheduled passengers carried, and the busiest international airline by passenger numbers. Ryanair operates over 370 Boeing 737-800 aircraft, with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft, the airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion, a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model. Ryanairs route network serves 34 countries in Europe, Africa, since its establishment in 1984, Ryanair has grown from a small airline flying the short journey from Waterford to London into Europes largest carrier. As of 2013 including over 1,200 pilots, after the rapidly growing airline went public in 1997, the money raised was used to expand the airline into a pan-European carrier. Revenues have risen from €231 million in 1998, to €1,843 million in 2003, similarly net profits have increased from €48 million to €339 million over the same period. Ryanair was founded in 1984 as Danren Enterprises by Christopher Ryan, Liam Lonergan and Irish businessman Tony Ryan, in 1986, the company added a second route – flying Dublin–Luton in direct competition with the Aer Lingus / British Airways duopoly for the first time. Under partial EU deregulation, airlines could begin new international intra-EU services, the Irish government at the time refused its approval, to protect Aer Lingus, but Britain, under Margaret Thatchers deregulating Conservative government, approved the service. With two routes and two planes, the airline carried 82,000 passengers in one year. In 1986 the directors of Ryanair took an 85% stake in London European Airways, from 1987 this provided a connection with the Luton Ryanair service onward to Amsterdam, in 1988 London European operated as Ryanair Europe and later began to operate charter services. Ryanair passenger numbers continued to increase, but the airline generally ran at a loss and, Michael OLeary was charged with the task of making the airline profitable. OLeary quickly decided that the key to profitability was low fares, quick turn-around times for aircraft, no frills and no business class, in 1989, a Short Sandringham was operated with Ryanair sponsorship titles but never flew revenue-generating services for the airline. He competed with the airlines by providing a no-frills, low-cost service. Flights were scheduled into regional airports, which offered lower landing and handling charges than larger established international airports, OLeary as Chief Executive took part in a publicity stunt, where he helped out with baggage handling on Ryanair flights at Dublin Airport. By 1995, after the consistent pursuit of its low-cost business model, in 1998, flush with new capital, the airline placed a massive US$2 billion order for 45 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft. The airline launched its website in 2000, with online booking initially said to be a small, increasingly the online booking contributed to the aim of cutting flight prices by selling directly to passengers and excluding the costs imposed by travel agents. Within a year, the website was handling three-quarters of all bookings, Ryanair launched a new base of operation in Charleroi Airport in 2001. Later that year, the airline ordered 155 new 737-800 aircraft from Boeing at what was believed to be a substantial discount, to be delivered over eight years from 2002 to 2010
Ryanair
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ATR-42 in 1991
Ryanair
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Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante in 1988
Ryanair
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Ryanair operated BAC 1-11 series 500 aircraft between 1988 and 1993
Ryanair
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Boeing 737 -200 landing at Bristol Airport, the type operated by the company through the 1990s and until 2005
11.
Aegean Airlines
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Aegean Airlines S. A. is the largest Greek airline by total number of passengers carried, by number of destinations served and by fleet size. Its main hubs are Athens International Airport in Athens, Thessaloniki International Airport in Thessaloniki and it also uses other Greek airports as bases, some of which are seasonal. It has its office in Kifisia, a suburb of Athens. Although the airline is the largest airline in Greece, it is not a flag carrier. On 21 October 2012, Aegean Airlines announced that it had struck a deal to acquire Olympic Air, both carriers continue to operate under separate brands. In addition, Aegean Airlines participated in the stages of the tender for the privatization of Cyprus Airways. Aegean Airlines was founded as Aegean Aviation in 1987 and it was originally a VIP/business air operation specialising in executive and air ambulance services. On 17 February 1992, it became the first airline to be issued with a Greek independent air operators licence, after it was acquired by Vasilakis Group in 1994, Aegean Aviation commenced VIP flights from Athens all over the world with wholly owned Learjet aircraft. The Aegean Airlines name was adopted with the start of scheduled services at the end of May 1999. Aegeans first commercial flights were in May 1999 from Athens to Heraklion, Crete, in December 1999 Aegean also acquired Air Greece. After an agreement in March 2001 to merge Aegean and Cronus Airlines, since 2005, the airline has been in partnership with Lufthansa, offering participation in the Miles & More programme, and its flights, in addition to its A3 code also have the Lufthansa LH code. In March 2006, Aegean Airlines also entered into an agreement with TAP Portugal. In December 2008, Aegean Airlines announced its co-operation with Brussels Airlines, in 2009, Aegean Airlines started codeshare agreements with BMI, Brussels Airlines, Lufthansa and TAP Portugal. On 26 May 2009, the Aegean Airlines membership application was approved by the Chief Executive Board of Star Alliance, Aegean officially joined the alliance on 30 June 2010. In February 2010, initial shareholder discussions took place to consider co-operation between Aegean Airlines and Olympic Air fueling rumours of a possible merger, on 22 February 2010, Olympic Air and Aegean Airlines announced that they agreed to a merger. The newly merged airline was to carry the Olympic brand name and logo, the Aegean brand would cease to exist after the transition period. It was expected that the merger would be finalised and the new combined airline would begin operation by October 2010, Aegean joined Star Alliance at the end of June 2010. The intent was for the carrier to be a Star Alliance member
Aegean Airlines
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An Aegean Airlines British Aerospace Avro RJ100 (used 1999-2011).
Aegean Airlines
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Boeing 737-300 (used 2001-2010).
Aegean Airlines
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Aegean Airlines Airbus A320-232 (used from 2007).
Aegean Airlines
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Aegean Airbus A321-200, (2014)
12.
Athens International Airport
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It is Greeces busiest airport and it serves as the hub and main base of Aegean Airlines as well as other Greek airlines. The airport is currently in Group 2 of Airports Council International and as of 2016, AIA is located between the towns of Markopoulo, Koropi, Spata and Loutsa, about 20 km to the east of central Athens. As to-date, ownership is divided between the Hellenic Republic and Private Sector in a 55%-45% stake following a PPP scheme for the airport company, currently, private investors include the Copelouzos Group and PSP Investments of Canada, following purchase of Hochtiefs shares. The airport was constructed to replace the now-closed Athens International Airport, studies for a new airport had been carried out from as early as the 1970s, with as many as 19 different locations being looked at before an area close to the town of Spata was chosen as suitable. Athens Airport SA, a company, was established in 1978 to proceed with the plans. In 1996, Athens International Airport S. A. was established as a Public–private partnership with a 30-year concession agreement and that same year, the €2.1 billion development finally began with an estimated completion date of February 2001. The airport construction was completed five months before schedule, but was delayed opening a month due to connections to Attiki Odos not being completed. Its major features include two parallel runways being 4 km and 3.8 km long respectively, the airport has received approval from the European Aviation Safety Agency and the Federal Aviation Administration for take-offs and landings of the biggest passenger jet worldwide, the A380. The first ever A380 to visit Eleftherios Venizelos Athens International Airport made a landing on 13 April 2011 for emergency medical reasons. The first scheduled A380 flight took place on 26 October 2012 by Emirates, the Greek government-debt crisis reduced the overall passenger traffic of the airport for six consecutive years. Many long-haul airlines outright terminated service to the airport, while others chose to operate on a basis only. Moreover, these problems were exacerbated by the closure of Olympic Airlines. In 2013, the airport handled just above 12.5 million passengers,3. 2% fewer than in 2012,2014 signaled a strong recovery for the airports passenger traffic and all statistical figures. More than ten new airlines started new flights to and from Athens, Aegean Airlines strengthened its network by 30% while Ryanair established a new base in the Athens Airport and added eight destinations. Characteristically, Singapore and Gulf Air resumed flights while Emirates, Etihad Airways, delta Air Lines and American Airlines retained their seasonal schedules to/from USA with even more frequent connectivity. From 2017 onwards, year-round services to Singapore are going to resume after more than 5 years, flights are going to be opeated by Scoot. In addition, over the period, aircraft traffic exhibited a solid growth of 14% year-over-year. Strong growth was evident throughout 2016, both for domestic and international destinations, annual results reflect a solid performance having an all-time record high been achieved for a second year in a row fueled by double-digit growth, this time passing the twenty million mark
Athens International Airport
Athens International Airport
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Check-in-area
Athens International Airport
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Apron overview
13.
Heraklion International Airport
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Heraklion International Airport, “Nikos Kazantzakis” is the primary airport on the island of Crete, Greece, and the country’s second busiest airport after Athens International Airport. It is located about 5 km east of the city center of Heraklion. It is a shared civil/military facility, the airport is named after Heraklion native Nikos Kazantzakis, a Greek writer and philosopher. Nikos Kazantzakis Airport is Crete’s main and busiest airport, serving Heraklion, Aghios Nikolaos, Malia, Hersonissos, Stalida, Elounda, the airport first opened in March 1939. This was then merely a piece of agricultural land. The first aeroplane carried the first passengers to the site, during the Second World War operations ceased, but in the fall of 1946 traffic ressumed, introducing the DC-3 aircraft. At first, the airport only offered very basic service, with only primitive installations on the site, in 1947, the first terminal was erected. Hellenic Airlines started commercial flights in 1948, at that time, a total of 4,000 people were served. The year 1953 saw the construction of a runway which was initially 1,850 meters long. The next major event followed in 1954, when a four-engined DC-4 aircraft landed for the first time at the airport, in that year the airport handled approximately 18,000 passengers. From 1957 onward, the new Olympic Airways used the airport, from 1968 until 1971, the runway was extended to 2,680 meters and a new terminal and other facilities were constructed, essentially making it a new airport. On March 18,1971, the first charter flight from abroad operated at the airport, the new airport itself was officially inaugurated on May 5,1972. Further events Annual traffic statistics – 16-year history *2016 data is for January - November only The airline Bluebird Airways has its office at the airport. It is often requested by airlines that passengers do not take any photographs or video of the runway and this is because of a Hellenic Air Force base which operates at the airport. Kazantzakis Greek Airport Guide, Iraklio Airport, N. Kazantzakis LGIR on Airliners. net Airport information for LGIR at World Aero Data, Data current as of October 2006. LGIR current wind Heraklion International Airport, N. Kazantzakis Greek Airports
Heraklion International Airport
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Heraklion International Airport “Nikos Kazantzakis” Κρατικός Αερολιμένας Ηρακλείου “Νίκος Καζαντζάκης”
14.
Air Corsica
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Trading as Air Corsica, is a French regional airline with its head office on the grounds of Ajaccio - Campo dellOro Airport in Ajaccio, Corsica, France. It operates passenger services from Corsica to continental France and its main base is Ajaccio - Campo dell’Oro Airport, with hubs at Figari Sud-Corse Airport, Bastia - Poretta Airport and Calvi - Sainte-Catherine Airport. The airline was established as Compagnie Corse Mediterranee on 1 January 1989 and it changed its name to CCM Airlines in November 2000 and to Air Corsica in October 2010. A partnership with Air France has been developed and the network expanded, on 14 June 2005 the airline agreed the purchase of 6 new ATR 72–500 aircraft to replace ATR 72–200, in a contract worth over $100 million. Deliveries took place between late 2005 and mid-2007, with the aircraft being operated under an Air France-KLM franchise on services from the four Corsican airports to Lyon, Marseille and Nice. The airline is owned by Collectivité Territoriale de Corse, Air France, Crédit Agricole, SNCM, Air Corsica operates certain flights as a franchise for Air France and Alitalia. Air Corsica outsources its Passenger Service System, which manages reservations, inventory, the Air Corsica fleet consists of the following aircraft, Official website Official website
Air Corsica
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Air Corsica Airbus A320
15.
Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport
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Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport, formerly “Campo dell’Oro Airport”, is the main airport serving Ajaccio on the French island of Corsica. It is located in Ajaccio, a commune of the département of Southern Corsica,5 km east of the harbour, the airport is the main base of regional airline Air Corsica, which operates services to Metropolitan France. It is named for Napoleon Bonaparte, who was born in Ajaccio, Campo dell’Oro, before aviation, was an alluvial plain at the mouth of the Gravona. The meaning of “Field of Gold” remains obscure, some 19th-century authors refer to a “rich cropland”, others, in 1940, a Vichy Air Corp unit was kept inactive at Campo dell’Oro. The liberation of Corsica began with the landing by sea in 1943 of I Corps at Ajaccio in Operation Vésuve. A few months later Fighter Group GC2/7 of the Free French Air Force, heavy aircraft were unable to land and came to mishap in the soft surface. In 1944 the United States Army Air Forces took over the airport and they defended B-24’s flying from new airfields constructed on the east coast of Corsica. Campo dell’Oro was a challenge for the aircraft because of its relatively short runways. Toward the end of the war, the runways were paved, on December 1,1981, Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308 crashed while on approach to this airport, killing all on board. Air Corsica has its office on the airport property. Media related to Ajaccio Airport at Wikimedia Commons Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport - AirportName
Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport
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Napoleon Bonaparte Airport Aéroport d'Ajaccio-Napoléon-Bonaparte
16.
Paris-Charles de Gaulle
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Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, also known as Roissy Airport, is the largest international airport in France. It is named after Charles de Gaulle, leader of the Free French Forces during the Second World War, founder of the French Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle Airport is located within portions of several communes 25 km to the northeast of Paris. The airport serves as the hub for Air France as well as a European hub for fellow SkyTeam alliance partner Delta Air Lines. In 2016, the airport handled 65,933,145 passengers and 472,950 aircraft movements, thus making it the worlds ninth-busiest airport and it is also the worlds tenth-busiest and it is Europes second-busiest airport in aircraft movements. In terms of traffic, the airport is the twelfth-busiest in the world. The incumbent director of the airport, Franck Goldnadel, was appointed to his position on 1 March 2011, Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport covers 32.38 square kilometres of land. Management of the airport lies solely on the authority of Paris Aéroport, which also manages Orly, Le Bourget, Marsa Alam in Egypt, the planning and construction phase of what was known then as Aéroport de Paris Nord began in 1966. On 8 March 1974 the airport, renamed Charles de Gaulle Airport, Terminal 1 was built in an avant-garde design of a ten-floors-high circular building surrounded by seven satellite buildings, each with six gates allowing sunlight to enter through apertures. The main architect was Paul Andreu, who was also in charge of the extensions during the following decades, the Frutiger typeface was commissioned for use in the airport and implemented on signs throughout the building in 1975. Initially called Roissy, it was renamed after its designer Adrian Frutiger, until 2005, every PA announcement made at Terminal 1 was preceded by a distinctive chime, nicknamed Indicatif Roissy and composed by Bernard Parmegiani in 1971. The chime can be heard in the Roman Polanski film Frantic, the chime was officially replaced by the Indicatif ADP chime. Charles de Gaulle Airport has three terminals, Terminal 1 is the oldest and situated opposite to Terminal 3, Terminal 2 is located at another side with 7 sub-terminal buildings. Terminal 2 was originally exclusively for Air France, since then it has been expanded significantly. Terminals 2A to 2F are interconnected by elevated walkways and situated next to each other, Terminal 2G is a satellite building connected by shuttle bus. Terminal 3 hosts charter and low-cost airlines, the CDGVAL light-rail shuttle connects Terminal 2 to Terminals 1/3 and their parking lots. Refer to Ground Transportation below for inter-terminal transfers and transport to central Paris, the first terminal, designed by Paul Andreu, was built in the image of an octopus. It consists of a terminal building which houses key functions such as check-in counters. Seven satellites with boarding gates are connected to the building by underground walkways
Paris-Charles de Gaulle
Paris-Charles de Gaulle
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Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport Aéroport Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle Roissy Airport
Paris-Charles de Gaulle
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Aerial view of Terminal 1
Paris-Charles de Gaulle
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Aerial view of Terminal 2A and 2B
17.
Paris-Orly
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Paris Orly Airport is an international airport located partially in Orly and partially in Villeneuve-le-Roi,7 NM south of Paris, France. Prior to the construction of Charles de Gaulle Airport, Orly was the airport of Paris. Orly Airport covers 15.3 square kilometres of land, originally known as Villeneuve-Orly Airport, the facility was opened in the southern suburbs of Paris in 1932 as a secondary airport to Le Bourget. Before this two huge airship hangars had been built there by the engineer Eugène Freyssinet from 1923 on, the 50th Fighter Group flew P-47 Thunderbolt fighter-bomber aircraft from the airport until September, then liaison squadrons used the airfield until October 1945. The USAAF diagram from March 1947 shows the 6140-foot 27/207 runway with 5170-foot 81/261 runway crossing it at its north end. The November 1953 Aeradio diagram shows four runways, all 197 feet wide, 03L7874 ft, 03R6069 ft, 08L5118 ft. The American United States Army Air Forces 1408th Army Air Force Base Unit was the operator at Orly Field until March 1947 when control was returned to the French Government. The Americans left in 1967 as a result of Frances withdrawal from NATOs integrated military command, in May 1958 Pan Am DC-7Cs flew to Los Angeles in 21 hr 56 min, TWA, Air France and Pan Am flew nonstop to New York in 14 hrs 10-15 min. Air France flew to Tokyo in 31 hr 5 min via Anchorage or 44 hr 45 min on a seven-stop 1049G via India, Air Frances ten flights a day to London were almost all Viscounts, the only other London flight was Alitalias daily DC-6B. Paris-Orly Airport features two passenger terminal buildings, Terminal Sud and Terminal Ouest, The brick-style southern terminal building consists of six floors. The airside area and departure gates are located on the upper level 1, the waiting area, which features several shops as well, houses gates A1-A10 and A40-A42 and is furthermore connected to the gate areas Hall A and Hall B to each side of the building. 15 of the departure gates are equipped with jet-bridges, some of them are able to handle wide-body aircraft. The western terminal has a different layout than Terminal Sud, consisting of two floors and a area of four fingers rather than a brick-style layout. The ground level 0 features the arrivals facilities including 8 baggage reclaim belts as well as several service facilities, the departures area is located on level 1 with more stores and restaurants located here. This central departures area is connected to four areas named halls 1-4 which contain departure gates 10A-10P, 20A-20L, 31A-31F. 23 stands at this terminal are equipped with jet-bridges, with several of them able to handle wide-body aircraft. AOM French Airlines had its office in Orly Airport Building 363 in Paray-Vieille-Poste. After AOM and Air Liberté merged in 2001, the new airline, Air Lib, Orly Airport is connected to the RER B train line at Antony train station by the Orlyval automatic shuttle
Paris-Orly
Paris-Orly
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Paris Orly Airport Aéroport de Paris-Orly
Paris-Orly
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Terminal South at Orly Airport. Hundreds of photographs of people and the word Bienvenue (Welcome) covers the facade.
Paris-Orly
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Terminal South
18.
Blue Air
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Blue Air is the largest airline of Romania as of March,2017 and is headquartered in Bucharest, with its main hubs at Henri Coandă International Airport and Turin Airport. In 2016, the airline carried 3.6 million passengers, as of May 2016, Blue Air flies to 48 destinations in 12 European countries. Blue Air started its operations in December 2004, on 12 April 2013, Blue Airs management announced that the airline was for sale. The airline transported 1.5 million passengers in 2014, an increase from the 1.35 million passengers in 2013, in 2015, the airline transported for the first time more than 2 million passengers. With a total of 25 new routes announced for 2016, the airline forecasts carrying close to three passengers in 2016. Blue Air became a member of the International Air Transport Association on 19 January 2016. Furthermore, Blue Air received the IATA Operational Safety Audit certification in December 2015, Blue Air has used Bucharest as its primary hub for most of its history. Officially the airport was not closed, but the taxes for airlines were suddenly increased until no airline could afford them. As a result, all airlines moved their operations to Bucharests largest airport, Blue Air now uses this airport as its primary hub. The secondary hub is Turin Airport in Italy from November 2014, the total number of destinations to and from Turin are 15. The third operating base for Blue Air is located at Bacău International Airport, blueAir Transport Aerian SA managed to get a concession contract for 50 years of private administration of the airport. BlueAero was the company that held the contract. The airport needed urgent investments which the company promised to complete, Blue Air is now the only airline operating from the airport. TAROM and Carpatair had domestic and international flights from here, but were discontinued.7 million people, in March 2017, Blue Air is set to open its first UK Base in Liverpool John Lennon Airport and will base one aircraft there. Daily services are currently being provided between Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Iasi, Oradea and Timisoara, no injuries occurred, the aircraft sustained no damage. The passengers disembarked normally via mobile stairs and were bused to the terminal, Cluj-Napoca International Airport was closed for cca.3 hours due to the incident. Aviation in Romania Transport in Romania Media related to Blue Air at Wikimedia Commons Official website
Blue Air
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Blue Air Boeing 737-400 wearing the former livery
Blue Air
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Blue Air Boeing 737-800
19.
Brussels Airlines
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Brussels Airlines is the flag carrier and largest airline of Belgium based and headquartered at Brussels Airport. It operates to over 90 destinations in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia and also offers charter services, maintenance. The airline is a member of the Star Alliance as well as the International Air Transport Association, the airlines IATA code SN is inherited from its predecessors, Sabena and SN Brussels Airlines. Lufthansa purchased 45% of the company in 2009, and on September 29th 2016, the transaction was completed in early January 2017. Brussels Airlines was created following the merger of SN Brussels Airlines, on 12 April 2005, SN Airholding, the company behind SNBA, signed an agreement with Richard Branson, giving it control over Virgin Express. On 31 March 2006 SNBA and Virgin Express announced their merger into a single company, on 7 November 2006, the new name, Brussels Airlines, was announced at a press conference at Brussels Airport. Brussels Airlines began operations on 25 March 2007, on 15 September 2008, it was announced that Lufthansa would acquire a 45% stake in Brussels Airlines with an option to acquire the remaining 55% from 2011. As a part of deal, Brussels Airlines would join Star Alliance. From 26 October 2008, the ICAO code was changed from DAT to BEL, on 15 June 2009, Brussels Airlines announced that the European Commission had granted approval for Lufthansa to take a minority share in Brussels Airlines. As a result of this clearance by the EU, the road was cleared for Brussels Airlines to finally join Star Alliance, since 25 October 2009, Brussels Airlines has been a member of Lufthansas frequent flyer programme Miles & More. On 9 December 2009, Brussels Airlines became the 26th Star Alliance member during a ceremony at Brussels Town Hall, on 15 December 2009, Brussels Airlines officially approved an extra A330. On the same day, Brussels Airlines announced it was working on a new airline in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The name of the airline is Korongo, the main base of the airline is at Lubumbashi in Congo. The airline was launched in April 2012, Brussels Airlines has cancelled the former airDC project, due to disagreements with Hewa Bora. On 5 July 2010, the fifth Airbus A330-300 entered into service, Brussels Airlines increased its frequency to Abidjan and added Accra, Cotonou, Ouagadougou, and Lomé as new destinations. On 11 August 2010, Brussels Airlines and tour operator Club Med announced a new cooperation, Brussels Airlines also announced that it will lease 2 Airbus A320 aircraft from January 2011. On 26 August 2010, the announced its new maintenance project. The contract with Sabena Technics for the A330 and Boeing 737 ended on 1 January 2011, to be able to do this, the move from Building 117 to Hangar 41 was necessary
Brussels Airlines
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A former Brussels Airlines Avro RJ85 in SN Brussels Airlines livery
Brussels Airlines
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Brussels Airlines Airbus A330-300 in interim livery
Brussels Airlines
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b.house, Brussels Airlines head office on the grounds of Brussels Airport in Diegem, Machelen
Brussels Airlines
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Brussels Airlines aircraft lined up at Brussels Airport
20.
Brussels Airport
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Brussels Airport is an international airport 6.5 NM northeast of Brussels, the capital of Belgium. In 2015, more than 23 million passengers arrived or departed at Brussels Airport and it is located partially in Zaventem, partially in the Diegem area of Machelen, and partially in Steenokkerzeel, in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is home to around 260 companies, together directly employing 20,000 people and serves as the base for Brussels Airlines, TUIfly Belgium. The company operating the airport is known as The Brussels Airport Company N. V. /S. A, before 19 October 2006, the name was BIAC, which was created by Belgian law through a merger of BATC with the ground operations departments of the RLW/RVA. Since 2011, the airport has been owned by the Toronto-based Ontario Teachers Pension Plan, Macquarie Group, on 22 March 2016 the airports departures hall was severely damaged by the two terrorist bomb blasts. The airport was closed until 3 April 2016, when it reopened with temporary facilities at less than 20% of its previous capacity and it has since returned to full operations, with a record of 90,000 passengers on 29 July 2016. The origins of Brussels Airport at Zaventem date back to 1940, there the Luftwaffe established Fliegerhorst Melsbroek and constructed 3 runways in the shape of a triangle, runway 02/20, runway 07L/25R and runway 12/30. The airport buildings were constructed in the municipality of Melsbroek and not of Zaventem. There is a legend that the site of the airport was chosen by the Germans after asking locals where to build it–the Belgians then pointed to this location as it was often foggy. After the liberation on 3 September 1944, the German infrastructure at Melsbroek fell into the hands of the British, when the old civilian airport in Haren became too small, the Belgian authorities decided to use the aerodrome at Melsbroek for the new national airport. By 1948, a new building was constructed to replace the old wooden building. In the same year, the lengths of both runways 02/20 and 07L/25R were increased, to 1,200 m and 2,450 m respectively, whereas 12/30 remained at 1,300 m. The civil aerodrome of Melsbroek was officially opened by Prince Charles, Count of Flanders, from 1948 to 1956 many more buildings and facilities were erected, mostly on the Melsbroek side of the site. In 1955, a line from Brussels city centre to the airport was constructed. The line was opened by King Baudouin on 15 May 1955. In 1956 a new 2,300 m runway was constructed, 07R/25L, the runway is still in use today and saw its length later increased to 3,200 m. In April 1956 the Belgian government decided to build a new airport, using the same runways, in April 1957, construction started of the new terminal, preparing the airport for the 1958 World Fair. The grass runway 12/30 had to make way to allow for the new passenger terminal and this new airport was inaugurated 5 July 1958, almost just in time for the 1958 World Fair
Brussels Airport
Brussels Airport
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Airport diagram
Brussels Airport
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Departures area at Pier A
Brussels Airport
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Countries served by direct flights from Brussels Airport (Cyprus is served, Kenya ends and Japan & Ghana begin October 2015)
21.
Nantes Atlantique Airport
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Nantes Atlantique Airport is an international airport serving Nantes, France. It is located 8 kilometres southwest of the city, in Bouguenais, the airport is operated by the Chambre de commerce et dindustrie de Nantes. It is currently the largest airport in the west of France, in 2016, the airport handled 4,778,000 passengers, an increase of 8. 7% compared to 2015. Nantes airport owes its origins to an airfield, conceived in 1928 on part of the current site. In 1939 the first paved runway was constructed, with a length of 900 m, during World War II the airfield was briefly used as a British Royal Air Force base before being captured by German forces. Under occupation the factory was closed, and the airfield was used by the Luftwaffe as a base to bomb targets in England. As a consequence the airfield was hit by an air raid on July 4,1943. After the war the airfield was put into service by the French Air Force. The aircraft factory was rebuilt, and has since built sections of the Vautour fighter, in 1951 the first commercial operations started, with a new terminal built between 1954 and 1960 and runway extensions to cater for larger aircraft. Nantes Atlantique is currently the largest airport in the west of France and it is therefore currently planned that it will be replaced by a new Aéroport du Grand Ouest, situated 30 km to the north-west of Nantes in the commune of Notre-Dame-des-Landes. The €580 million project was approved in February 2008, with construction expected to start in 2014, the airport has a single L shaped passenger terminal, which is divided into four numbered halls. Halls 1 to 3 form the side of the L and are zones within the same two story building, with baggage claim and check-in facilities on the ground floor, and departure lounges on the upper level. Hall 4 occupies a single story building at right angles to the earlier building. The airport also has a freight terminal, situated to the south of the passenger terminal. Regional, an airline, was headquartered on the grounds of Nantes Atlantique Airport. In 2013 the airline merged into HOP, Nantes Atlantique Airport is located just outside the Périphérique de Nantes, the citys peripheral ring motorway, to which it is linked by a short access road. All the major roads and motorways to and from the city of Nantes intersect the périphérique, several car parks, both in the open and under cover, are located in the terminal area, with each car park having its own tariff. An express shuttle bus, the Navette Tan Air, links the a stop outside the terminal to Nantes railway station
Nantes Atlantique Airport
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Nantes Atlantique Airport Aéroport Nantes Atlantique
22.
Bristol Airport
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Bristol Airport, located at Lulsgate Bottom in North Somerset, is the commercial airport serving the city of Bristol, England, and the surrounding area. It is 7 nautical miles southwest of Bristol city centre, built on the site of a former RAF airfield, it opened in 1957 as Bristol Airport, replacing Bristol Airport as Bristols municipal airport. From 1997 to 2010 it was known as Bristol International Airport, in 1997 a majority shareholding in the airport was sold to FirstGroup, and then in 2001 the airport was sold to a joint venture of Macquarie Group and others. In September 2014, Ontario Teachers Pension Plan bought out Macquarie to become the sole owner, in 2016, it was the ninth busiest airport in the United Kingdom, handling over 7.6 million passengers, a 12% increase compared with 2015. According to a 2012 passenger survey,25. 7% of journeys using the airport started or ended in the city of Bristol,18. 9% in Wales,18. 5% in Somerset and 12. 4% in Devon. Airlines with operating bases at the airport include EasyJet, Ryanair, Thomas Cook, Thomson Airways, the airport has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence that allows flights for the public transport of passengers and for flying instruction. In 1927 a group of businessmen raised £6,000 through public subscription to start the Bristol and Wessex Aeroplane Club. In 1929, Bristol Corporation took up the proposal to develop farmland located at Whitchurch, to the south of Bristol. On its opening by Prince George, Duke of Kent in 1930, passenger numbers grew to 4,000 by 1939. During World War II, Whitchurch was the civil airport remaining operational. The newly formed British Overseas Airways Corporation was transferred to Whitchurch from Croydon Airport, BOAC operated routes around the British Empire and to neutral nations, including the Bristol–Lisbon route which was operated by the Dutch airline KLM, under charter to BOAC. In September 1940, No 10 Elementary Flying Training School at RAF Weston-super-Mare established a Relief Landing Ground on 14 acres at Broadfield Down by the hamlet of Lulsgate Bottom, near Redhill. Being high, at 600 ft, the site had a weather record during warm front conditions. Few facilities were constructed although pillboxes, defensive guns and later two Blister hangars were added. In late 1940, a Starfish site was set up south of the village of Downside and its decoy fires attracted a large quantity of Luftwaffe high explosives and incendiaries on the nights of 16 March,3 April and 4 April 1941 during the Bristol Blitz. However, its use soon changed into being a satellite airfield for the fighter squadrons based at RAF Colerne. Originally, the new name was to be RAF Broadfield Down. The runways used the standard triangular pattern, the main, east-west runway was 3,891 ft long, with a designated alignment of 28/10, and the others were 3,300 ft aligned 21/03 and 3,294 ft aligned 34/16
Bristol Airport
Bristol Airport
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Cambrian Airways Vickers Viscount loads in 1963
Bristol Airport
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Aviation Traders Carvair and the tail of an Airspeed Ambassador in 1965
Bristol Airport
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Terminal building check-in area in 2008
23.
Lille Airport
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Lille Airport is an airport located in Lesquin,7 km south-southeast of Lille, a city in northern France. It is also known as Lille-Lesquin Airport or Lesquin Airport, Lille is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the capital of the Nord-Pas de Calais region and the prefecture of the Nord department. The airport is 15 minutes from the city centre of Lille and it is the 12th busiest French airport in number of passengers, around 970,000 passengers in 2001 and 1,397,637 passengers in 2012. In terms of shipping, it ranks fourth, with almost 38,000 tonnes of freight pass through each year. Airport Passenger Traffic Media related to Lille Lesquin International Airport at Wikimedia Commons Current weather for LFQQ at NOAA/NWS Accident history for LIL at Aviation Safety Network
Lille Airport
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Lille Airport Aéroport de Lille (Advanced Landing Ground B-51)
24.
Lisbon Portela Airport
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Lisbon Humberto Delgado Airport, also known as Lisbon Airport or Portela Airport, is an international airport located in the city of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. In Portuguese, it is also called Aeroporto de Lisboa, Aeroporto da Portela and it takes its name from the neighbouring parish of Portela in Loures Municipality, formerly known as Portela de Sacavém. The airport is the international gateway to Portugal and a major European hub. It is the 22nd largest airport in Europe in terms of passenger numbers, the airport handled over 20 million passengers in 2015, and 94,300 tonnes of cargo in 2014. It has been nominated as Europes Leading Airport for eight years in the World Travel Awards. The airport is run by ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal which has been concessioned to the French group Vinci Airports in February 2013, as such, it was heavily monitored by both Axis and Allied spies. Although Portugal was neutral, the airport was used by allied flights en route to Gibraltar, North Africa, a 1951–52 airport diagram shows four runways at 45-deg angles, 1350-m runway 5, 1024-m rwy 9, 1203-m rwy 14, and 1170-m rwy 18. Runways 5 and 36 were each being extended northward to become 1999 m, a major upgrade in 1959–62 included a new runway capable of taking the first generation jets, Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8. The first jet aircraft movement was an Air France Caravelle in 1960, in 1962 runway 03/21 came into use, it was 3,130 m and would allow direct transatlantic flights. The first direct flight to New York was operated by a TWA Boeing 707 who also operated the first Boeing 747 service in 1970, when TAP ordered the 747, five large parking bays were built in 1972 and the terminal was enlarged. A major upgrade to the buildings and facilities was started in 1983, with this concession, ANA was also provided to the planning, development and construction of future infrastructures. The airport is now surrounded by development, being one of the few airports in Europe located inside a major city. This led to a debate on whether to keep the present location or to build a new airport. Initially, Ota, a village 50 km north of Lisbon, was chosen as one of the sites for the new airport, in 2007 an independent study coordinated by the Portuguese Industry Confederation suggested Alcochete as an alternative location. In Alcochete a military training facility currently occupies the site, a second government-contracted study led by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering concluded in late 2007 that Alcochete was the best location. The selection of Alcochete was announced on 10 January 2008, more than 35 years after the first capacity increase studies were initiated, Portuguese government announced that Alcochete was the preliminary choice, to be finalised after public consultation. Terminal 2 is used by 6 scheduled low-cost flight airlines for departures to European destinations, while Terminal 1 handles all arrivals, in October 2010, the European low cost airline easyJet officially opened a new base at Lisbon Airport, exclusively using Terminal 2 for departures to 20 destinations. A free shuttle bus connects Terminal 1 Departures area and Terminal 2 every 10 minutes, between 2007 and 2013 several improvements and expansions have been performed upon Lisbon Airport
Lisbon Portela Airport
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Lisbon Portela Airport Aeroporto da Portela
Lisbon Portela Airport
Lisbon Portela Airport
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Main check-in area at Terminal 1
Lisbon Portela Airport
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Terminal 1
25.
London-Luton
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In 2016, over 14.6 million passengers passed through the airport, a record total for Luton making it the fifth busiest airport in the UK. It is the fourth-largest airport serving the London area after Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted, the airport serves as a base for EasyJet, Monarch, Thomson Airways, Ryanair and Wizz Air. The vast majority of the routes served are within Europe, although there are some charter and scheduled routes to destinations in Northern Africa, the airport is 2 mi from Junction 10 of the M1 motorway. An airport was opened on the site on 16 July 1938 by the Secretary of State for Air, during World War II, it was a base for Royal Air Force fighters. Percival Aircraft had its factory at the airport until the early 1960s, from the mid-1960s, executive aircraft have been based at the airport, initially operated by McAlpine Aviation. These activities have grown and several executive jet operators and maintenance companies are now based at the airport and it became the operating base for charter airlines such as Autair, Euravia, Dan-Air and Monarch. In 1972, Luton Airport was the most profitable airport in the country and it suffered a severe setback in August 1974 when major package holiday operator Clarksons and its in-house airline Court Line were liquidated. In the 1980s the airport was seeing a decline in customer numbers, the council responded to lobbying and focused again on developing the airport, first by operating the airport at arms length via an independent management team. As a result, necessary infrastructure work was undertaken, the original runways had been grass tracks 18/36 and 06/24, and then a concrete runway 08/26. By the end of the 80s, there was only one runway, the 18/36 grass runway had disappeared under a landfill, while 06/24 had effectively become a taxiway. To remain a viable airport it was necessary to update airfield services and this meant updating ILS, glidepath and localiser and removing the hump in the runway, even a six-foot person could not see one end of the runway from the other. During the course of work, the airport would re-open for flights during the day. While developing the infrastructure, various business partners were courted. The process envisaged a centre, an airport railway station. In 1990, the airport was renamed London Luton Airport to re-emphasise the airports proximity to the UK capital, in 1991, another setback occurred when Ryanair, which had flown from the airport to Ireland for a number of years, transferred its London operating base to Stansted. Later in the 90s, MyTravel Group began charter flights from the airport, using the Airtours brand and new low-cost scheduled flights from Debonair and EasyJet, the latter making Luton its base. AGI was a specialist airport management and development company owned by Lockheed Martin Corp. of USA. In 1999 AGI was sold to TBI plc and in 2001 Barclays also sold its shares in Luton to TBI plc, the main feature of the development phase in 1998 was a £40 million terminal made from aluminium and glass, based on an original design by Foster and Partners
London-Luton
London-Luton
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London Luton Airport
London-Luton
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Apron at London Luton Airport
London-Luton
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First Capital Connect train at Luton Airport Parkway
26.
Marseille Provence Airport
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The airports hinterland goes from Gap to Arles and from Toulon to Avignon. It is the fifth busiest French airport by traffic and third largest for cargo traffic. In 2012 the airport achieved the fourth highest European passenger traffic growth, marseille Provence Airport serves as a focus city for Air France. In summer 2013, the airport served 132 regular destinations, the largest offer in France after the Parisian airports, formerly known as Marseille–Marignane Airport, it has been managed since 1934 by the Marseille-Provence Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In the 1920s and 1930s, Marignane was one of Frances main points of operation for flying boats and it even briefly served as a terminal for Pan American World Airways Clipper flying boats. Other flying boat operators were Aéropostale and Air Union, the latter moving over from Antibes in 1931, Marignane was also a production site for hydroplanes by Lioré et Olivier. In September 2006, the airport opened its new terminal MP2 for budget airlines, in 2013 the airport expanded its shopping and dining options, with 30 new shops and restaurants, among which is the first Burger King shop in France since 1997. The Marignane airport is also the base of the aerial firefighting division of Civil security. The head office of Airbus Helicopters is located on the airport property, on 4 February 1948, SNCASE Languedoc P/7 F-BATK of Air France was damaged beyond economical repair. On 30 July 1950, SNCASE Languedoc P/7 F-BCUI of Air France was damaged beyond repair when its undercarriage collapsed on landing. On 6 February 1989 Inter Cargo Service Flight 3132, operated by Vickers Vanguard F-GEJE crashed on takeoff, three crew died, no passengers were being carried. Data current as of October 2006, current weather for LFML at NOAA/NWS Accident history for MRS, Marseille–Marignane Airport at Aviation Safety Network
Marseille Provence Airport
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Marseille Provence Airport Aéroport de Marseille Provence Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) Y-14
Marseille Provence Airport
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Terminal 2 and control tower
Marseille Provence Airport
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Check-in hall
27.
Malpensa Airport
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Milan–Malpensa Airport, formerly City of Busto Arsizio Airport, is the largest international airport for the Milan metropolitan area in northern Italy. It serves 15 million inhabitants in Lombardy, Piedmont and Liguria, the airport is located 49 kilometres northwest of central Milan, next to the Ticino river. The airport has two terminals and two runways as well as a cargo terminal. In 2016, Malpensa Airport handled 19,320,546 passengers and was the 29th busiest airport in Europe in terms of passengers, until 2008, Malpensa Airport was a major hub for flag carrier Alitalia. Malpensa Airport remains the second busiest Italian airport for passenger traffic. It handles over 500,000 tons of freight annually. The first industrial airport was opened in 1909 near the Cascina Malpensa and this airport was then opened for civil operation in 1948 during the war reconstruction period, in order to serve the northern area of Milan. The site of todays Malpensa Airport has seen aviation activities for more than 100 years, the first began on 27 May 1910, when the Caproni brothers flew their flying machine, the Cal biplane. In the years followed, many aircraft prototypes took off from the same site, eventually. Both Gianni Caproni and Giovanni Agusta established factories on the new site, during the 1920s and 1930s, the airfield hosted two squadrons of the Regia Aeronautica Italiana. In September 1943, Malpensa airfield was taken over by Nazi Germanys Luftwaffe when northern Italy was invaded by Adolf Hitler, soon after their arrival, the Germans laid the airfields first concrete runway. They aimed to making it an industrial fulcrum for post-war recovery of Italy, the main runway, heavily damaged by German troops as they retreated from northern Italy, was rebuilt and extended to 1,800 metres. A small wooden terminal was constructed to protect goods and passengers from all weather conditions, on 2 February 1950 Trans World Airlines became the first company to fly long-haul flights from Malpensa, using Lockheed Constellations on their services to New York Idlewild Airport. A change of ownership occurred in 1952 when the Municipality of Milan took control of the airports operator, the operators name was subsequently changed to Società Esercizi Aeroportuali SpA. Between 1958 and 1962 a new terminal arrived at Malpensa and the two parallel runways were extended to 3,915 m, becoming the longest in Europe at that time. This left Malpensa with just a handful of intercontinental links, charter flights, Malpensa suffered a decline in commercial traffic, with passenger numbers dropping from 525,000 in 1960 to just 331,000 by 1965. It was destined to play second fiddle to Linate Airport for another 20 years, by the mid-1980s Linate Airport was handling seven million passengers per year and, with only a short single runway and limited parking slots, had reached its saturation point. With no available land nearby for expansion, a solution was sought
Malpensa Airport
Malpensa Airport
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Milan–Malpensa Airport Aeroporto di Milano-Malpensa "Città di Milano"
Malpensa Airport
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EasyJet Airbus A319 landing at Malpensa with the Alps visible in the background
Malpensa Airport
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Malpensa Express at Milano Cadorna station
28.
Hamburg Airport
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Hamburg Airport, known in German as Flughafen Hamburg, is the international airport of Hamburg, the second-largest city in Germany. It is located 8.5 km north of the city center in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter and serves as a base for Germanwings, Condor, as of March 2017, it featured flights to more than 130 destinations of which three are long-haul routes to Dubai, Newark and Tehran. The airport is not to be confused with the nearby private Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport, the airport was opened in January 1911 from private funding by the Hamburger Luftschiffhallen GmbH, making it the oldest airport in the world which is still in operation. The original site comprised 45 hectares and was used for airship flights in its early days. In 1913, the site was expanded to 60 hectares, the part being used for airship operations. During the First World War, the hangar was used extensively by the military. During the British occupation, beginning in 1945, the airport was given its current name and it was used extensively during the Berlin Airlift in 1948 as a staging area, as the northern air corridor went between Hamburg and West Berlin. When Lufthansa launched passenger operations in 1955, Hamburg was used as a hub until Frankfurt Airport took over due to growth constraints posed by the location in the city. Lufthansa Technik still maintains a presence at the airport due to the early activities of the airline at the airport. In the 1960s discussions began with the aim of moving the airport to Heidmoor by Kaltenkirchen, reasons cited were limited expansion possibilities, capacity constraints due to crossing runways, and noise. Lufthansa had introduced the Boeing 707 in 1960, which made more noise than previous piston engined aircraft, the plans were dropped due to bad experiences in other cities with airports being moved far from city centres and Lufthansas move to Frankfurt. In the early 1990s, the airport began a modernization process. The plan, called HAM21, included a new 500 m pier extension, a new terminal, the airports shareholders are the City of Hamburg and AviAlliance. The Radisson Blu Hotel Hamburg Airport was added in 2009, combined with new roadside access, in January 2016, TUIfly announced to leave Hamburg Airport entirely due to the increasing competition from low-cost carriers. While the summer seasonal routes will not resume, all remaining destinations will be cancelled by March 2016, a few weeks later, it has been officially announced to christen the airport after Helmut Schmidt, a former Senator of Hamburg and chancellor of West Germany. Since 10 November 2016, the airport is named Hamburg Airport Helmut Schmidt, in October 2016, Air Berlin announced to close its maintenance facilities at the airport due to cost cutting and restructuring measures. Shortly after 12pm local time on 12 February 2017, an unknown and uncommon chemical, at least 50 people were seriously injured and were taken to hospital by ambulance. Firefighters completely evacuated the airport and passengers were forced to wait outside the airport in sub-zero temperatures, all flights have been cancelled and thousands of passengers have been stranded
Hamburg Airport
Hamburg Airport
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Main hall of Terminal 2
Hamburg Airport
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Facilities of Lufthansa Technik at Hamburg Airport with the Heinrich-Hertz-Turm in the far distance
Hamburg Airport
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View of the apron
29.
Palma de Mallorca Airport
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Palma de Mallorca Airport is an international airport located 8 km east of Palma, Majorca, adjacent to the village of Can Pastilla. Also known as Son Sant Joan Airport or Aeroport de Son Sant Joan, it is the third largest airport in Spain, after Madrid–Barajas, during the summer months it is one of the busiest airports in Europe, and was used by 23.1 million passengers in 2014. The airport is the base for the Spanish carrier Air Europa and also a focus airport for Ryanair, EasyJet. The history of Palma de Mallorca airport began in the 1920s, a flat field next to Son Sant Joan was then used in the 1930s for flight routes to other parts of Spain. A private aerodrome was set up. In 1938, Palma de Mallorca airport started being used for aviation, while Iberia. In 1954, Palma de Mallorcas runway was extended and asphalted and this made the airport able to serve more airlines and more types of aircraft. The increase in traffic in 1958 led to a new terminal being constructed, a new large apron was also built. The new airport opened to domestic and international traffic on 7 July 1960, just two weeks later, expansion to the aerodrome was planned, including the extension of the runway and taxiway. At the end of the year, more plans were made, including a power plant, after reaching 1 million passengers for the first time in 1962, in 1965, a new terminal was constructed, and air navigation services were completed at the end of the following year. Also in 1965 Air Spain began operating from the airport and a smaller terminal, passenger numbers had increased rapidly, reaching 2 million in 1965. A second runway was also to be built and it was to be built parallel to the existing one, and work began on it in 1970. Two years later, terminal B went into service, and the second opened in 1974. In 1980, the airport carried 7 million passengers, however, this increased to nearly 10 million in 1986. Construction started in mid-1993 and was designed by the Majorcan architect Pere Nicolau Bover, during the construction in 1995, passenger numbers exceeded 15 million. The new terminal opened in 1997. Today, Palma de Mallorca airport carries over 23.7 million passengers to their destinations, with 178,253 aircraft movements, mostly to mainland Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom. In November 2015, Air Berlin announced they would shut down their hub operations at the airport which they maintained for ten years
Palma de Mallorca Airport
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Palma de Mallorca Airport Aeroport de Palma de Mallorca Aeropuerto de Palma de Mallorca
Palma de Mallorca Airport
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Apron view
Palma de Mallorca Airport
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Outside view of the main terminal
Palma de Mallorca Airport
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Monarch Airlines Airbus A320 taxiing at Palma de Mallorca Airport
30.
Geneva Airport
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Geneva Airport, formerly and still unofficially known as Cointrin Airport, is the international airport of Geneva, the second most populous city in Switzerland. It is located 4 km northwest of the city centre and it reached 15 million passengers for the first time in December 2014 and serves as a hub for Swiss International Air Lines, easyJet Switzerland and Etihad Regional. Its northern limit runs along the Swiss–French border and the airport can be accessed from both countries, the freight operations are also accessible from both countries, making Geneva a European Union freight hub although Switzerland is not a member of the EU. The airport is partially in the commune of Meyrin and partially in the commune of Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva airport was created in 1919 as a simple field in Cointrin, near the city of Geneva covering an area of 54 hectares. From 1926 to 1931, the sheds were replaced by three concrete ones. At the time, there was an amount of air traffic, with Lufthansa flying from Berlin to Barcelona via Halle, Leipzig, Geneva. Swissair also flew the Geneva–Lyon–Paris route in a codeshare with Air Union, in 1930 there were six airlines that flew to Geneva Airport, flying seven different routes. 1937 saw construction of the first concrete runway, it measured 405 by 21 metres, in 1938 eight airlines were flying to Geneva, Swissair, KLM, Lufthansa, Air France, Malert, AB Aerotransport, Alpar and Imperial Airways. A further 200 metres of runway was added near the end of the war as well as provision for expansion to a length of 2,500 metres. As part of the Federal Governments post-war planning for the nations airports, Cointrin was noted as being well suited for extension and did not require a triangular runway arrangement as the prevailing winds are very regularly along a single axis. In 1947 the first service to New York started with a Swissair Douglas DC-4, on July 17,1959, the first jet aircraft landed in Geneva, an SAS Caravelle, and it was followed,11 years later, by a TWA Boeing 747 which landed in 1970. To provide for jet traffic, in 1960 the runway was extended to its current length of 3,900 m and this is unusually long for an airport of this size, and could only be built after some territory was exchanged between France and Switzerland. The northeastern end of the 1946 runway had also been the frontier between Geneva and the neighbouring French commune of Ferney-Voltaire, in this way, Switzerland remained exactly the same size, and its neutrality remained unsullied. In the process, the old hamlet of La Limite disappeared, in 1968 the construction of a second runway and a mid-field round terminal were proposed, but ultimately the concept was never realised. On May 7,1968, Geneva Main Terminal was inaugurated and this number was reached in 1985. Despite there never being a regular Concorde service in Switzerland, the aircraft twice landed in Geneva. On August 31,1976, more than 5000 people came to see the Concorde land, in 1987, Geneva airport was linked to the Swiss rail system, with a new station built close to the main terminal. Since then, a number of changes have been made, two of the three in-field terminals have been upgraded with jet bridges, and a new terminal has been built in front of the main terminal with 12 jet bridges, plus two ground floor gates
Geneva Airport
Geneva Airport
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The main terminal building
Geneva Airport
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Apron overview
31.
Helvetic Airways
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Helvetic Airways is a Swiss airline headquartered in Kloten with its fleet stationed at Zürich Airport. Helvetic Airways was established in the autumn of 2003 as a rebranding, switzerlands first budget carrier began operating in November with a Fokker 100 flying to 3 destinations. By 2004, the fleet had grown to 7 aircraft, in December 2006, the carrier unveiled a new look for its aircraft. Since that time, all the Fokker 100s have livery in red-white-silver grey colours with the Swiss cross on the tailfin, in October 2010, the Swiss news media announced a new base in Bern Airport. The men drove two vehicles through a hole they had cut in the perimeter fence to Flight LX789. The men were able to execute the operation within five minutes with no injuries, in December 2014, Helvetic Airways began to take over seven Embraer 190s which were freed by Niki changing their fleet. Since March 2016 there is wetlease contract with Lufthansa for the route Zurich-Munich, as of March 2016, Helvetic Airways serves the following destinations on its own behalf. Not included are the routes served for Swiss International Air Lines as well as Lufthansa on a long-term wetlease contract, Helvetic Airways previously also operated McDonnell Douglas MD-83 aircraft. Media related to Helvetic Airways at Wikimedia Commons Official site Official site
Helvetic Airways
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Helvetic Airways Fokker 100 in former livery
Helvetic Airways
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Helvetic Airways Fokker 100 in current livery
Helvetic Airways
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Helvetic Airways Airbus A319-100
32.
Iberia (airline)
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Iberia, legally incorporated as Iberia, Líneas Aéreas de España, S. A. Operadora, Sociedad Unipersonal, is the flag carrier airline of Spain founded in 1927. Based in Madrid, it operates a network of services from its main base of Madrid-Barajas Airport. Iberia, with Iberia Regional and with Iberia Express, is a part of Iberia Group, in addition to transporting passengers and freight, Iberia Group carries out related activities, such as aircraft maintenance, handling in airports, IT systems and in-flight catering. Iberia Group airlines fly to over 109 destinations in 39 countries, on 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia had signed an agreement to merge, making the combined operation the third largest commercial airline in the world by revenue. Shareholders of both carriers approved the deal on 29 November 2010, the newly merged company, known as International Airlines Group, was established in January 2011, although both airlines will continue to operate under their current brands. Iberia, Compañía Aérea de Transportes was incorporated on 28 June 1927 with an investment by the financier Horacio Echevarrieta. Flight operations started on 14 December 1927, within a year, the company was sponsored by the Spanish government to provide postal transport between Madrid and Barcelona. During the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, the companies in Spain were combined and became state-controlled as a general interest public utility. As a consequence, Iberia was merged into Compañía de Líneas Aéreas Subvencionadas S. A. the name Iberia continued to be registered by Director-General Daniel de Araoz y Aréjula. As the name Iberia was still registered, it was used when operations began in nationalist-held territory towards the end of the Spanish Civil War, following the Civil War, Iberia became a purely domestic airline. At the end of the 1930s, the served the Seville–Larache–Cabo Juby–Las Palmas, Barcelona–Saragosa–Burgos–Salamanca–Seville–Tetuan. The airline was nationalised on 30 September 1944 and became part of Instituto Nacional de Industria, in 1946, Iberia was the first airline to fly between Europe and South America after World War II, using a Douglas DC-4 to operate flights between Madrid and Buenos Aires. By the Pact of Madrid in 1953, visa requirements were eliminated for US visitors to Spain and this stimulated the start of transatlantic flights between Spain and United States the following year. In addition, the made in Montreal to the Convention on International Civil Aviation on 14 June 1954 were liberal to Spain. The airline phased in the first of three Super Constellations in June 1954, the aircraft was named Santa María to commemorate Columbus first voyage. From 1961 Iberia had a fleet of Douglas DC-8 four-engined long range jet airliners, the busiest route was Madrid to Buenos Aires. By 1965 a joint board of Iberia and Aviaco was set up to coordinate policies so that services did not conflict, in the early 1970s the company bought Douglas DC-9s, Boeing 727s, Douglas DC-10s and Boeing 747s as it expanded routes to Central America. In June 1990, the carrier bought 16 Boeing 757s for US$1 billion, including spares and training, in June 1990 the company led a consortium to buy an 85% stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas for an agreed $2billion and the following year bought a 45% stake in Viasa for $145million
Iberia (airline)
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Airbus A330-300 of Iberia.
Iberia (airline)
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An Iberia Sud Aviation Caravelle seen in May 1973
Iberia (airline)
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Head office of Iberia in the MV49 Business Park in Madrid.
Iberia (airline)
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British Airways and Iberia merged in January 2011, forming the International Airlines Group, one of the world's largest airlines.
33.
Madrid-Barajas Airport
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Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport, commonly known as Madrid–Barajas Airport, is the main international airport serving Madrid in Spain. At 3,050 ha in area, it is the largest airport in Europe by physical size along with Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport, in 2016,50.4 million passengers used Madrid–Barajas making it the countrys largest and busiest airport, and Europes sixth busiest. The airport opened in 1928, and has grown to be one of the most important aviation centres of Europe. Located within the city limits of Madrid, it is just 9 km from the financial district and 13 km northeast of the Puerta del Sol or Plaza Mayor de Madrid. The airport name derives from the adjacent district of Barajas, which has its own station on the same rail line serving the airport. Barajas serves as the gateway to the Iberian peninsula from the rest of Europe and the world, the airport is the primary hub and maintenance base for Iberia. Consequently, Iberia is responsible for more than 60 percent of Barajas traffic, the airport has five passenger terminals named T1, T2, T3, T4 and T4S. The airport was constructed in 1927, opening to national and international air traffic on 22 April 1931, a small terminal was constructed with a capacity for 30,000 passengers a year, in addition to several hangars and the building of the Avión Club. The first regular flight was established by Lineas Aéreas Postales Españolas with its line to Barcelona, later, in the 1930s international flights started to serve some European and African destinations. Originally, the field was a large circle bordered in white with the name of Madrid in its interior, unpaved. It was not until the 1940s that the field was paved. The first runway which started operation in 1944 was 1,400 metres long and 45 metres wide, by the end of the decade the airport had three runways, none of which exist today. In the late 1940s, scheduled flights to Latin America and the Philippines started, in the 1950s, the airport supported over half a million passengers, increasing to five runways and scheduled flights to New York City began. The National Terminal, currently T2, began construction in 1954 and was inaugurated later that year, in the Plan of Airports of 1957, Barajas Airport is classified as a first-class international airport. By the 1970s, large jets were landing at Barajas, at the beginning of the decade, the airport reached the 1.2 million passengers, double that envisaged in the Plan of Airports of 1957. In the 1970s, with the boom in tourism and the arrival of the Boeing 747, in 1974, Iberia, L. A. E. introduced the shuttle service between Madrid and Barcelona, a service with multiple daily frequencies and available without prior reservation. The 1982 FIFA World Cup brought significant expansion and modernisation of the two existing terminals. In the 1990s, the airport expanded further, in 1994, the first cargo terminal was constructed and the control tower was renovated
Madrid-Barajas Airport
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Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport Aeropuerto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas
Madrid-Barajas Airport
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Iberia Boeing 747-100 at the airport in 1970
Madrid-Barajas Airport
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Terminal 4 departures area
Madrid-Barajas Airport
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Interior of Terminal 1
34.
Madrid Barajas Airport
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Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport, commonly known as Madrid–Barajas Airport, is the main international airport serving Madrid in Spain. At 3,050 ha in area, it is the largest airport in Europe by physical size along with Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport, in 2016,50.4 million passengers used Madrid–Barajas making it the countrys largest and busiest airport, and Europes sixth busiest. The airport opened in 1928, and has grown to be one of the most important aviation centres of Europe. Located within the city limits of Madrid, it is just 9 km from the financial district and 13 km northeast of the Puerta del Sol or Plaza Mayor de Madrid. The airport name derives from the adjacent district of Barajas, which has its own station on the same rail line serving the airport. Barajas serves as the gateway to the Iberian peninsula from the rest of Europe and the world, the airport is the primary hub and maintenance base for Iberia. Consequently, Iberia is responsible for more than 60 percent of Barajas traffic, the airport has five passenger terminals named T1, T2, T3, T4 and T4S. The airport was constructed in 1927, opening to national and international air traffic on 22 April 1931, a small terminal was constructed with a capacity for 30,000 passengers a year, in addition to several hangars and the building of the Avión Club. The first regular flight was established by Lineas Aéreas Postales Españolas with its line to Barcelona, later, in the 1930s international flights started to serve some European and African destinations. Originally, the field was a large circle bordered in white with the name of Madrid in its interior, unpaved. It was not until the 1940s that the field was paved. The first runway which started operation in 1944 was 1,400 metres long and 45 metres wide, by the end of the decade the airport had three runways, none of which exist today. In the late 1940s, scheduled flights to Latin America and the Philippines started, in the 1950s, the airport supported over half a million passengers, increasing to five runways and scheduled flights to New York City began. The National Terminal, currently T2, began construction in 1954 and was inaugurated later that year, in the Plan of Airports of 1957, Barajas Airport is classified as a first-class international airport. By the 1970s, large jets were landing at Barajas, at the beginning of the decade, the airport reached the 1.2 million passengers, double that envisaged in the Plan of Airports of 1957. In the 1970s, with the boom in tourism and the arrival of the Boeing 747, in 1974, Iberia, L. A. E. introduced the shuttle service between Madrid and Barcelona, a service with multiple daily frequencies and available without prior reservation. The 1982 FIFA World Cup brought significant expansion and modernisation of the two existing terminals. In the 1990s, the airport expanded further, in 1994, the first cargo terminal was constructed and the control tower was renovated
Madrid Barajas Airport
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Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport Aeropuerto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas
Madrid Barajas Airport
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Iberia Boeing 747-100 at the airport in 1970
Madrid Barajas Airport
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Terminal 4 departures area
Madrid Barajas Airport
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Interior of Terminal 1
35.
Lufthansa
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It operates services to 18 domestic destinations and 197 international destinations in 78 countries across Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe, using a fleet of more than 270 aircraft. Lufthansa is one of the five founding members of Star Alliance, the name of the company is derived from Luft, and Hansa. Combined with its subsidiaries, the group has 656 aircraft, as of February 2016, in 2014, the group carried over 106 million passengers. Lufthansas registered office and corporate headquarters are in Cologne, the main operations base, called Lufthansa Aviation Center, is at Lufthansas primary hub at Frankfurt Airport. The majority of Lufthansas pilots, ground staff, and flight attendants are based there, Lufthansas secondary hub is Munich Airport. Lufthansa was a state-owned enterprise until 1994, in 2014, 60% of Lufthansas shares were held by institutional investors. The remaining 40% were held by individual stock owners, since 1970, Lufthansa has involved its employees in profit sharing, giving them the opportunity to choose between cash and preference shares. When Lufthansa was privatised, employees received more than 3% of its shares, Lufthansa traces its history to 1926 when Deutsche Luft Hansa A. G. was formed in Berlin. DLH, as it was known, was Germanys flag carrier until 1945 when all services were suspended following the defeat of Nazi Germany, West Germany had not yet been granted sovereignty over its airspace, so it was not known when the new airline could become operational. Nevertheless, in 1953 Luftag placed orders for four Convair CV-340s and four Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellations and set up a maintenance base at Hamburg Airport. On 6 August 1954, Luftag acquired the name and logo of the liquidated Deutsche Lufthansa for DM30,000, on 1 April 1955 Lufthansa won approval to start scheduled domestic flights, linking Hamburg, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Cologne, and Munich. In August 1958 fifteen Lufthansa 1049Gs and 1649s left Germany each week to Canada, the special status of Berlin meant that Lufthansa was not allowed to fly to either part of Berlin until 1989. Originally thought to be only a matter, the Division of Germany turned out to be long. East Germany tried to establish its own airline in 1955 using the Lufthansa name, but this resulted in a dispute with West Germany. East Germany instead established Interflug as its national airline in 1963, in 1958 Lufthansa ordered four Boeing 707s and started jet flights from Frankfurt to New York City in March 1960. Boeing 720Bs were later bought to back up the 707 fleet, in February 1961 Far East routes were extended beyond Bangkok, Thailand, to Hong Kong and Tokyo. Lagos, Nigeria and Johannesburg, South Africa were added in 1962, Lufthansa introduced the Boeing 727 in 1964 and that May began the Polar route from Frankfurt to Tokyo via Anchorage. In February 1965 the company ordered twenty-one Boeing 737s that went into service in 1968, Lufthansa was the first customer for the Boeing 737 and was one of four buyers of the 737-100s
Lufthansa
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Lufthansa's first aircraft, a Convair 340 (type pictured), was delivered in August 1954
Lufthansa
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Lufthansa Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation operating a transatlantic schedule from Hamburg to Montreal and Chicago in May 1956.
Lufthansa
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In 1960 Lufthansa joined the jet age with the Boeing 707. The image shows a 707 at Hamburg Airport in 1984, shortly before the type was retired.
Lufthansa
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A Lufthansa Boeing 727–100 approaching London Heathrow Airport in 1978.
36.
Stockholm-Arlanda
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The airport is located within Stockholm County and the province of Uppland. It is the largest airport in Sweden and the third-largest airport in the Nordic countries, the airport is the major gateway to international air travel for large parts of Sweden. Arlanda Airport was used by close to 25 million passengers in 2016, Stockholm Arlanda Airport is the larger of Stockholms two airports. The other, Stockholm–Bromma, is located north-west of the citys centre, the smaller airports in Nyköping and Västerås are both located around 100 kilometres away from the Swedish capital. Stockholm Arlanda serves as a hub for NextJet, Norwegian Air Shuttle. The airport was first used in 1959, but only for practice flights and it opened for limited civil traffic in 1960, and in 1962 the official opening ceremony took place. It was used from the start for intercontinental traffic because the runway at Bromma was too short, Scandinavian Airlines started using Douglas DC-8s on North American routes. The airport was used very early by Pan American World Airways. The name Arlanda was decided after a prior to the airport opening. It is derived from Arland, an old name for the parish Ärlinghundra where the airport is situated, the -a was added in analogy with other Swedish place names ending with -landa and also plays on the Swedish verb landa, which means to land. The 1960s and 70s saw increases in traffic with scheduled traffic, the Boeing 747 jumbojet started to be used in the 1970s, both on one-stop scheduled flights to New York and on weekend nonstop charters to the Canary Islands. Domestic flights to Gothenburg, Malmö, Luleå and Kiruna were operated by SAS DC-9s from Arlanda since they were considered too noisy to be used at downtown Bromma, the rest of domestic traffic operated out of Bromma and all international traffic out of Arlanda. In 1983 the domestic traffic operated by Linjeflyg moved from Bromma to Arlanda, in 1990 two new domestic terminals called Domestic 2 and 3 were built south of the first domestic terminal. In 1992 the terminal 2 was partly abandoned because of traffic decrease and it started to be used for international traffic the year after, and the main domestic and international terminals were renumbered into 4 and 5. The third runway was built between 1998 and 2002, however, a recession in 2002 delayed its opening until 2003. At that time protests were raised by people living under its flight path in the municipality of Upplands Väsby, traffic has recovered since and is now showing healthy increases but the third runway is only used during peak hours for environmental reasons. In September 2010 the first Airbus A380 superjumbo landed at the airport, the plans were approved by the Environmental Court of Appeals in December 2014, and construction was scheduled to commence in the spring of 2015. Arlanda has three runways, Runway 1, Runway 2 and Runway 3, Runway 1 is 3,301 m long and can handle take-offs and landings of the heaviest aircraft in use today
Stockholm-Arlanda
Stockholm-Arlanda
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Stockholm Arlanda Airport Stockholm-Arlanda flygplats
Stockholm-Arlanda
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King Gustaf VI Adolf presiding over the ceremony which officially inaugurated Stockholm–Arlanda Airport (1 April 1962)
Stockholm-Arlanda
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Terminal 2
37.
Orio al Serio Airport
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The airport is 45 km north-east of Milan, which it serves together with Malpensa Airport and Linate Airport, the citys two primary airports. The airport served 11,159,631 passengers in 2016 and is the third busiest in Italy, despite being called Milan/Bergamo Airport or similar by some low-cost airlines, neither Milan nor Bergamo are part of the airports official naming. The airport is managed by SACBO, a partially owned by SEA – Aeroporti di Milano. SEA, the company runs the latter two airports, also holds a 31% stake in SACBO. It is named Il Caravaggio after the Baroque painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, ground handling services are provided by SACBO and Airport Global Services. Security services were provided by SACBO with the supervision of the Polizia di Frontiera, Guardia di Finanza. Due to labour disputes and costs the security services have been outsourced to a security firm. No one was injured, but some cars were destroyed and the plane sustained substantial damages, the plane was removed from the street in the same day. The air traffic remained unvaried without delays, the A4 is one of the main road networks that links the Airport and you will have to pay a toll to enter the Airport from this road. Please note that the signs for the Airport use the name Milano Bergamo Airport. There are several public transportation links to and from downtown Milan, there are further connections to/from Bergamo city center, Arezzo, Bologna, Brescia, Monza, Turin, Malpensa Airport, and Milan Trade Exhibition Center, Parma, Torino, Verona. The nearest railway station is Bergamo railway station which is 3.5 miles away, there is no official shuttle between the airport and the railway station. A bus service operated by ATB can take you to the Airport in about 10mins from the train station
Orio al Serio Airport
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Il Caravaggio International Airport Milan Bergamo Aeroporto di Bergamo-Orio al Serio
38.
Brussels-Charleroi
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Brussels South Charleroi Airport, also called Charleroi Airport or Gosselies Airport, is an international airport, located in Gosselies, a part of the city of Charleroi. The airport is 4 nautical miles north of Charleroi and 46 km south of central Brussels, the Aéropole, one of the Science Parks of Wallonia, is located near the airport. The first aeronautical activities in Gosselies date back to 1919 as a flying school, the British aircraft manufacturer Fairey Aviation settled a subsidiary Avions Fairey on the site in 1931. During World War II, the site was arranged as an Advanced Landing Ground for the air forces. Gosselies airfield became a public aerodrome after World War II, in the 1970s, the Belgian national airline Sabena launched a Liège–Charleroi–London service, but this was soon dropped because of poor results. Although criticised for the subsidies paid by the Walloon government to help its installation, other low-cost carriers later joined Ryanair in Brussels South Charleroi, such as Wizz Air. The Polish airline Air Polonia operated services from here to Warsaw, a new terminal opened in January 2008. It has a capacity of up to 5 million passengers a year, however, in March 2012, the Commission reopened the case in order to take this judgement into account. The following airlines operate scheduled and charter flights at Brussels South Charleroi Airport. There are also several shuttles between different cities in the neighbouring countries plus a regular service that runs from the airport to Brussels-South railway station. Also, a bus operates from the airport to Charleroi-South railway station. A combined bus and train ticket to any other Belgian railway station can be bought in the terminal, the airport is accessible by the highway from Brussels, Liège or Lille. On 8 April 2011, a Dutch F-16 had to make a landing because of a technical failure of one of its sets of landing gear. The plane landed on its belly, the pilot did not suffer any injuries. On 9 February 2013, a small Cessna plane crashed near the runway after suffering technical problems during take-off, the airport was closed for about six hours before resuming services. Brussels Airport Transportation in Belgium This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http, media related to Brussels South Charleroi Airport at Wikimedia Commons Official website
Brussels-Charleroi
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Brussels South Charleroi Airport Aéroport de Charleroi Bruxelles Sud
Brussels-Charleroi
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Inside the terminal
Brussels-Charleroi
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Apron traffic at Brussels-South Charleroi
39.
Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport
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Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport is an international airport serving the city of Bologna in Italy. It is approximately 6 km northwest of the center in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The airport is named after Bologna native Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian electrical engineer, with 7,680,992 passengers handled in 2016, it is now the 7th busiest in Italy. For the period 2011–2013, the Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport planned the restyling, the passenger terminal covers a total surface 36,100 m2, of which 5,500 m2 are shopping areas. It features 10 security checkpoints and 24 departure gates, Bologna airport grew in size, from the previous total surface of 3,100 m2 to the current total surface of 3,600 m2. The number of gates increased from 20 to 24, even the security checkpoints increased from 7 to 10 and 25 additional toilet facilities have been opened throughout the airport. Greater emphasis has been placed on activities, and in particular, in airside, after security checks. Moreover, a new handling system has been installed in the new single check-in area on the ground floor. Now there are 5 piers with 2 air bridges for the transfer of passengers from the terminal to the aircraft. The restyling has been completed in the fall of 2013, Bologna airport has one runway made of bituminous conglomerate material, with 7. 5-meter-wide side bands on both sides. Motorway, A1, Exit Bologna Borgo Panigale, take the by-pass, a13, Exit Bologna Arcoveggio, take the by-pass. A14, Exit Bologna San Lazzaro, take the by-pass, the airport has 5,100 parking spaces, with different rates for short, or long stay. The Airport is about 6 kilometres from Bologna Centrale railway station, when you arrive at the station, you can reach the Airport by Aerobus – BLQ shuttle service, or by Taxi. Once completed, the Marconi Express monorail will connect the airport to Bologna Centrale railway station in 7 minutes, the airport has daily direct bus connection with Ferrara, Florence, Modena, Cervia and Ravenna, and three-times a week with Ascoli Piceno. List of airports in Italy Media related to Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport at Wikimedia Commons Official website Accident history for BLQ at Aviation Safety Network
Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport
Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport
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Bologna Airport apron
40.
Cork Airport
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Cork Airport is one of the three principal international airports in the Republic of Ireland, along with Dublin and Shannon. It is located 6.5 km south of Cork city in a known as Farmers Cross. In 2016, Cork Airport handled over 2.2 million passengers, Cork is the states second busiest airport in terms of passenger numbers, after Dublin, and fourth busiest on the island of Ireland, after Dublin, Belfast International and Belfast City. In 1957 the Government of Ireland agreed in principle to the building of an airport for Cork, after considering many sites in the area, it was agreed that the airport should be built at Ballygarvan. Tenders were invited for the construction of the airport in 1959 at an estimated cost of £1 million, the airport was officially opened on 16 October 1961, following proving flights four days earlier by Aer Lingus and Cambrian Airways. Vincent Fanning was the first manager at the airport, in its first year the airport handled 10,172 passengers – close to the average number of passengers handled each day at the airport in 2007. Throughout the 1960s the airport expanded with the arrival of more advanced aircraft, the first jet, a British Overseas Airways Corporation Comet, landed at Cork Airport on 29 March 1964. By 1969 Aer Lingus was operating to London Heathrow, Manchester, in 1975 Aer Rianta, the then state airports authority, undertook a passenger terminal study aimed at improving the terminal facilities. The findings resulted in the provision, over the two years, of new departure and arrival halls, a new check-in area, office complex, information desk, duty office. The new extensions and facilities were opened in 1978, the 1980s began with an extension of the main apron. New services to London Gatwick began, while Aer Lingus commuter division started a new service to Dublin Airport. In 1985 following significant growth, Aer Rianta carried out a survey of the facilities with a view to carrying out a major expansion. On 8 June 1987, Ryanair commenced services at Cork Airport, the following year, Phase I of the Terminal Expansion and Development Plan was completed. The following year the main extension of 1,000 ft was opened. The 1990s began with the completion of Phase II of the expansion in 1991. Also towards the end of 2001, new Irish regional airline Aer Arann opened its base at Cork opening new routes to/from the airport. Airbridges were an element of the original terminal design. In the given circumstances, the DAA had no choice but to remove the airbridges from the design during construction of the new facility
Cork Airport
Cork Airport
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Overlooking the check-in area from level 2
Cork Airport
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View of the check-in area at ground level (level 1)
Cork Airport
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Airport at night
41.
TAP Portugal
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TAP Portugal is the flag carrier airline of Portugal, headquartered at Lisbon Airport which also serves as its hub. TAP is a member of the Star Alliance and operates on average 2,500 flights a week to 76 destinations in 29 countries worldwide. The company has a fleet of 80 airplanes,63 of which manufactured by Airbus, the Atlantic Gateway Consortium purchased 61% of the carrier from the government of Portugal on 24 June 2015, with an option to buy the Portuguese governments remaining 34 percent stake in 2018. This deal has been surrounded in controversy because it was completed at the end of the governments mandate with wide opposition from TAP employees. Since the October 2015 elections a new government has sought to return majority control to the state. In February 2016 the government signed a deal with the private consortium, currently the company is owned 50% by the Portuguese state, 45% by the Atlantic Gateway Consortium and 5% available shareholder to collaborators and employees of TAP. TAP Portugal is rated as three-star by Skytrax, the airline, founded on 14 March 1945 as Transportes Aéreos Portugueses, SGPS, S. A. began commercial services on 19 September 1946, from Lisbon to Madrid with a Douglas DC-3. On 31 December, TAP began its Linha Aérea Imperial, a colonial service including Luanda, Angola and Lourenço Marques. In 1947, domestic services commenced from Lisbon to Porto as well as from São Tomé to London, four Douglas DC-4 Skymasters were purchased in 1947, remaining in service until 1960. These were used on the routes to Africa and to major European destinations including London, TAP began service to Tangier and Casablanca in 1949. In 1953, the became a private company. Lockheed Super Constellation four-engined pressurised airliners were acquired in late 1955 and were introduced on the TAP African scheduled services to Luanda. Three Sud Aviation Caravelle twin-jet airliners were acquired in July 1962 and were operated on the airlines most competitive European routes, the one-millionth passenger flew on TAP on 19 June 1964,18 years after the airline began operations. In 1969, service to New York City via Santa Maria Island began, Boston was added to the New York service in 1970. In 1975, TAP was nationalised, becoming a state-owned corporation, TAP dropped its original name, Transportes Aéreos Portugueses, in 1979 when the company officially changed its name to TAP Air Portugal. TAP purchased 4 Boeing 747s in 1970, beyond some more Boeing 707s, after the independence of Angola and Mozambique, the important market for Africa decreased extremely and two 747 were sold in 1976. Since the 1980s the 707s and the 747s were replaced by Lockheed L-1011 TriStars, in 1985 TAP established its charter subsidiary Air Atlantis which operated Boeing 707, Boeing 727 and Boeing 737 jets. By the late 1990s, TAP had expanded its fleet by selling its older Boeing 727s and Boeing 737s, the TriStars were sold to Air Luxor and were replaced by Airbus A340s, giving TAP an Airbus-only fleet
TAP Portugal
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Douglas DC-4 of TAP arriving at London Heathrow Airport from Lisbon in 1954
TAP Portugal
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Sud Aviation Caravelle VIR of TAP at London Heathrow Airport in 1966
TAP Portugal
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Rossio Square, Lisbon, in June 1968, showing a TAP commercial in the background at night
TAP Portugal
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Boeing 747-200 at Faro Airport in 1985
42.
Tunisair
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Société Tunisienne de lAir, or Tunisair is the flag carrier airline of Tunisia. Formed in 1948, it operates scheduled services to European, African. Its main base is Tunis-Carthage International Airport, the airlines head office is in Tunis, near Tunis Airport. Tunisair is a member of the Arab Air Carriers Organization, the carrier was formed by the government of Tunisia as Société Tunisienne de lAir in late 1948. The initial investment was FRF60 million, with shareholding split between the government, Air France and another interests, Air France transferred some of its DC-3s and routes to the new airline for it to start operations, these commenced on 1 April 1949. The first managing director of the company was Rene Lefevre, the route network was expanded along the coast during the early 1950s. In 1951, Casablanca, Ghudamis and Tripoli were incorporated as destinations, in May that year, a Tunis–Tripoli–Sabhah service was launched, it was routed via Sfax and Djerba in September. The Ghudamis route was terminated in 1952, and the Casablanca run was taken over by Air France the same year, in 1953, the service to Marseilles was extended to Paris. In 1954, a Douglas DC-4 was leased from Air France, at March 1955, the fleet comprised three Douglas DC-3s, one Douglas DC-4 and a SNCASE Languedoc. During 1955, the carrier transported 92,344 passengers, at year end, the number of employees was 140. The airline had a revenue of £620,000 for 1955, in 1957 the Tunisian government became the largest shareholder and the stake held by Air France was reduced to 15%. The carrier took delivery of its first jet-powered aircraft, a Sud Caravelle III, a new service to Frankfurt was inaugurated in October but it was terminated in March the following year due to poor economical performance. A second Caravelle was ordered in 1963 and entered service in March 1964, in cooperation with Lufthansa, flights to Frankfurt were restarted in April 1966 using Caravelle equipment. The Nord 262 was first put into service in 1969, the introduction of this aircraft into the fleet along with the airline already having two Caravelles in operation allowed the carrier to phase out a DC-3 and two DC-4s. The number of employees had grown to 888 by March 1970, Tunis Air took delivery of its first Boeing aircraft, a Boeing 727-200, on 12 March 1972, it was put on service on the Tunis–Paris run. On 1 April 1972, a Boeing 707 that was leased from Sabena inaugurated the Tunis–London link, the same day, new services to Luxembourg and Jeddah were launched. Late in the year, a second Boeing 727s was ordered for delivery in July 1973, in 1973, a third Boeing 727 was ordered for handover in December that year. A fourth and fifth 727 were ordered in 1974 and 1975, the gradual incorporation of the Boeing 727s permitted Tunisair to replace the Caravelles and to retire the remaining DC-3s
Tunisair
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Tunis Air Douglas DC-4 at Paris (Orly) Airport in 1957
Tunisair
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Tunisair Airbus A300-600 at Paris-Orly
43.
Munich Airport
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Munich Airport, German, Flughafen München, is a major international airport near Munich, the capital of Bavaria. It is the second busiest airport in Germany in terms of traffic behind Frankfurt Airport. It is the worlds 15th busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic. As of February 2017, the airport features flights to 248 destinations, Munich Airport serves as the secondary hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa Regional and its Star Alliance partners besides Frankfurt. The airport is located 28.5 km northeast of Munich near the old city of Freising and is named in memory of the former Bavarian Prime Minister Franz Josef Strauss, from 1939 to 1992, Munich was served by Munich-Riem Airport. First plans to expand or build a new airport were made in 1954 owing to the traffic flow-rate, the decision for building the new airport at Erdinger Moos was made on 5 August 1969 by the Bavarian government. When construction started on 3 November 1980, a village named Franzheim was demolished, the airport is located on the territory of four different municipalities, Oberding, Hallbergmoos, Freising, and Marzling in the district of Freising. The airport is named after Franz Josef Strauß, who played a prominent, albeit sometimes controversial, amongst other positions, Strauß was a long-time Minister-President of the state of Bavaria, where the airport is located and was initiated under his government. Strauß, having been a pilot himself, had a particular interest in the aviation industry. He is regarded one of the fathers of Airbus and served as chairman of its supervisory board. Naming the airport by its full name Flughafen München Franz Josef Strauß is fairly uncommon, the company that owns and operates the airport is named Flughafen München GmbH and brands itself as M – Flughafen München or M – Munich Airport. In the Munich area, most people use the term Flughafen München, sometimes Flughafen München II in order to distinguish from the earlier airport, or simply MUC for its IATA-code. The new Munich Airport commenced operation on 17 May 1992, when moved from the former site at Munich-Riem Airport. While Lufthansa serves more European destinations from Munich Airport than from Frankfurt Airport, Frankfurt has many more intercontinental routes, between 1995 and 2006 passenger numbers doubled from under 15 million per annum to over 30 million, despite the impact of the 11 September attacks in 2001 and 2002. In 1996 the airport overtook Düsseldorf as Germanys second busiest airport, in June 2003 construction of Terminal 2 was completed and it was inaugurated as an exclusive facility for Lufthansa and its Star Alliance partners. In November 2013, the airport introduced its first new design since its inauguration. The large letter M remains in a new font type, There are also animated color-changing versions of the M-sign placed throughout the airport area, for example on the main entrance road and on the new Terminal 2 satellite. In May 2015, Munich Airport became the first airport outside Asia to be ranked as a 5-Star Airport by Skytrax and it also won Best Airport in Europe for the eighth time
Munich Airport
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Munich Airport Flughafen München
Munich Airport
Munich Airport
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Munich Airport, apron in front of Terminal 1
Munich Airport
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Check-in area at Terminal 1B
44.
Tenerife South Airport
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It is located in the municipality of Granadilla de Abona and handled over 9 million passengers in 2014. The new airport was inaugurated on 6 November 1978, by Queen Sofía of Spain, the first flight was Iberia flight IB187 from Lanzarote, which was operated by a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 landing at 10,17. By the end of its first year,1 million passengers had passed through its doors, the airport was under construction when the Tenerife airport disaster occurred at Tenerife North Airport on 27 March 1977. Tenerife South consists of one passenger terminal in a classic brick style. The main level, Floor 0, contains all check-in and service counters, the departures area features 34 boarding gates of which eight are equipped with jetbridges. While the upper floor 1 contains office space and transit corridors, destinations by airline served from Tenerife South Airport, The public bus service TITSA offers services to all parts of the island, Line 343 connects the South Airport with Tenerife North Airport. Media related to Tenerife South Airport at Wikimedia Commons Official Website
Tenerife South Airport
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Tenerife–South Airport Aeropuerto de Tenerife Sur Tenerife Sur/Reina Sofía Airport - GCTS
Tenerife South Airport
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Air Greenland Boeing 757-200 at Tenerife South Airport
Tenerife South Airport
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British Airways Airbus A320-200 at Tenerife South Airport
45.
Alicante Airport
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The airport is located in the municipality of Elche, about 10 km east of this city and about 9 km southwest of Alicante. The airport is a base for Air Nostrum, Evelop Airlines, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Ryanair, passenger traffic has increased significantly in the last decade, in particular, in 2015 it beat its yearly record, handling 10,574,484 passengers. Then, in 2016 it set a new, consecutive, record with almost 12,350,000 passengers, up to eighty percent of all passenger flights are international. The largest numbers of passengers arrive from the United Kingdom, Germany, popular domestic destinations are Madrid, Palma de Mallorca and Barcelona. El Altet airport opened on 4 May 1967, replacing the older aerodrome La Rabassa that had served Alicante since 1936 and it took its name after the El Altet area where it was built. The first commercial flight landed in the airport was Convair Metropolitan by Aviaco. Iberia established a regular connections Alicante–Madrid and Alicante–Barcelona in November 1969, in early 1970s passengers traffic reached 1 million, which prompted a construction of a new passenger terminal. In 1980 the runway was extended to three kilometres, the next renovation took place during the 1990s. A new office building together with operation and business centres were constructed, for the first time, five air bridges were installed to facilitate boarding. In 2011, the new terminal was opened at the increasing the annual airport capacity to 20 million passengers per year. All flights arrive and depart from this new terminal, terminals 1 and 2, which were in service before the opening of the new terminal, are currently closed. Historically, up until 2003, Iberia was the airline at the airport. With the decline of conventional airlines, in 2004 low-cost EasyJet took the lead, in 2007, Ryanair, the largest European low-cost airline established a base in Alicante. It has become the carrier at the airport in 2009, and by 2011 it has increased its presence further with eleven aircraft based,62 routes. However, from the end of October 2011, Ryanair has cut 31 routes due to disagreement with AENA on the usage of air bridges at the new terminal. The airport is located within Elches comarca and so there had been a historical petition from Elche to include the name in the official name of the airport. This was implemented in July 2013 when the name of the airport was changed from Alicante Airport to Alicante–Elche Airport with the IATA airport code remaining unchanged. In 2015, the number of passengers increased by 5, 1% to 10,574,484, the passenger traffic has increased in every year since 2000, with the exception of 2009 and 2012
Alicante Airport
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Alicante–Elche Airport Aeropuerto de Alicante-Elche Aeroport d'Alacant-Elx
Alicante Airport
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Alicante Airport in 1972
Alicante Airport
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The now closed Terminal 1
46.
Dubrovnik Airport
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Dubrovnik Airport, also referred to as Čilipi Airport, is the international airport of Dubrovnik, Croatia. The airport is located approximately 15.5 km from Dubrovnik city centre and it was the third busiest airport in Croatia in 2016 after Zagreb Airport and Split Airport in terms of passenger throughput and has the countrys longest runway. The airport is a destination for leisure flights during the European summer holiday season. The city was served by the Gruda Airfield which opened for commercial traffic in 1936 and was in use only during the summer months. The domestic airline Aeroput linked Dubrovnik with Belgrade first in 1936, during 1987, the busiest year in Yugoslav aviation, the airport handled 835,818 passengers on international flights and a further 586,742 on domestic services. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the airport surpassed the one-million passenger mark in 2005, today, Dubrovnik boasts the most modern passenger terminal in the country. A new terminal is being planned in place of the old building, constructed in 1962. The price tag of the amounts to seventy million euros and is to be financed out of a loan from the European Bank for Reconstruction. In May 2010 a new terminal opened stretching over 13,700 square metres and it has the capacity to handle two million passengers per year. Further expansion is planned for completion in 2019, a new 24,181 square metres terminal with four jet bridges is under construction, the new terminal will have a projected annual capacity of 3.5 million passengers. Future airport plans call for a commercial zone and a large four-star airport hotel, and long-term plans call for a new runway. Đurovića špilja is a pit cave located under the taxiway of Dubrovnik airport, there is also a wine cellar located inside the cave. Media related to Dubrovnik Airport at Wikimedia Commons Official website
Dubrovnik Airport
Dubrovnik Airport
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Interior view of the existing terminal
Dubrovnik Airport
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The control tower at Dubrovnik Airport.
Dubrovnik Airport
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TUIfly Boeing 737-700 taxiing at Dubrovnik Airport
47.
Wizz Air
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Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest. The airline typically uses secondary airports serving many cities across Europe, Israel and it has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline, although it is not a flag carrier, and currently serves 35 countries. Its Jersey based parent company, Wizz Air Holdings Plc, is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE250 Index, the airline was established in September 2003. The lead investor is Indigo Partners, an American private equity firm specializing in transportation investments, the first flight was made from Katowice International Airport on 19 May 2004. The airlines CEO is József Váradi, former CEO of Malév Hungarian Airlines, the company is registered in Pest County. In 2011, Wizz Air carried 11 million passengers, including 4.2 million passengers on Polish routes, recently Wizz opened new bases in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine. However, Poland is still the largest market for Wizz Air, on 4 October 2012, Wizz Air launched a new cabin bag policy to encourage customers to bring smaller baggage on-board following a successful month-long trial on the London Luton and Katowice route. This means that a smaller cabin bag can be taken on board for free, on 25 February 2015 Wizz Air started trading on London Stock Exchange. The current Head office can be found in Laurus offices, Budapest since March 2016, the new building has 5 floors, which gives the company more space than any of the former headquarters. Previously, its office was at Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport. While attempting to hasten SkyEuropes demise in June 2009, Wizz Air claimed it had been profitable for several years, however, as a private company it is not required to publish its financial accounts - annual reports are still available. In November 2009, it emerged that Wizz Air was significantly loss-making and had never made a profit while delaying the pay-back of €32 million of debt by five years. Losses since commencing operations total €78 million, which, in 2009, since then Wizz Air reported profits in 2012, in 2013, in 2014 and in 2015. Wizz Air has the second lowest CASK among European airlines, as result of the 2014 situation in Ukraine, Wizz Air Ukraine was terminated on 20 April 2015. Some routes to and from Kyiv were taken over by Wizz Air itself while all others ceased, Wizz Air Bulgaria was Wizz Airs Bulgarian subsidiary based at Sofia Airport. However, Wizz Air itself still maintains base operations there, Wizz Air Romania was a planned subsidiary to be based at Timișoara Traian Vuia International Airport. However, this never started operations and Wizz Air itself inaugurated a base there instead. Wizz Air prefers to land at smaller or secondary airports to reduce costs, the airline also has a buy on board service called Wizz Café and a shopping service called Wizz Boutique
Wizz Air
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Wizz Air Airbus A320 in old livery
Wizz Air
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Cabin of a Wizz Air Airbus A320-200
Wizz Air
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Wizz Air Airbus A320-200 in current livery
48.
DHL Aviation
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DHL Aviation is a division of DHL Express responsible for providing air transport capacity. It is not an airline but refers to several airlines owned, co-owned or chartered by DHL Express. In 2009, Deutsche Post World Net rebranded to Deutsche Post DHL, in the U. S. DHL Airways was renamed Astar Air Cargo which in turn operated air freight services as a cargo airline for DHL until 2012. From its hub at the Leipzig/Halle Airport it operates a fleet of 11 Boeing 757 Freighters and 21 Airbus A300-600 Freighters, sNAS/DHL handles Middle East destinations from its headquarters and main regional hub at Bahrain International Airport, operating a fleet of Boeing 767-200 and 757-200 freighters. The fleet is deployed throughout the Middle East and in Africa, blue Dart Aviation, is based at Chennai International Airport, Chennai, India, with a fleet of 6 Boeing 757 Freighters. It provides services for the Indian network of DHL and regional charters and it also owns the following smaller airlines, DHL de Guatemala, Guatemala City. Aero Express Del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Deutsche Post also has stakes in the following airlines, some of which also operate under the DHL brand or livery, AeroLogic, Schkeuditz, Germany. Polar Air Cargo, Purchase, NY, USA, DHL Expresss global headquarters are part of the Deutsche Post headquarters in Bonn. Does not contain data from ABX Air, Inc. Solenta Aviation, Cargo Air, Swiftair, ASL Airlines Switzerland, DHL Express Division - Aviations 2003 Baghdad DHL attempted shootdown incident
DHL Aviation
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ASL Airlines Airbus A300 -200F, flown for DHL, landing at London Heathrow Airport. (2010)
DHL Aviation
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Blue Dart Aviation Boeing 757-200(SF)
DHL Aviation
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A Tupolev Tu-204 C operated for DHL by Aviastar-TU at Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow, Russia.
49.
Leipzig/Halle Airport
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Leipzig/Halle Airport is an international airport located in Schkeuditz, Saxony and serves both Leipzig, Saxony and Halle, Saxony-Anhalt. It is Germanys 13th largest airport by passengers and handled more than 2.3 million passengers in 2015 mainly with flights to European leisure destinations. In terms of traffic, the airport is the fifth-busiest in Europe. The airport serves as the main European hub for DHL Aviation, military installations have also been built at the airport for NATO and EU military aircraft. The airport was built new from scratch at a location between Halle and Leipzig from 1926 and opened in 1927, on 18 March 1986 Air France flew a Concorde to the airport, to coincide with the world-renowned Leipzig trade fair. Two days later British Airways also flew a Concorde to Leipzig/Halle, in the following years, both airlines operated Concorde flights from Paris and London when the trade fair was held in Leipzig. Despite its name, the airport ground property tax goes to the county of Delitzsch, a deal between the city of Leipzig and Delitzsch led to a land exchange. In 2007, Leipzig received land outside the airport while ownership of the land was transferred to Delitzsch. The District of Delitzsch now owns and claim taxes from the grounds, DHL Aviation moved its European hub from Brussels Airport to Leipzig/Halle in early 2008, leading a significant increase in cargo traffic at the airport. Leipzig bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games and the airport was modernised as a result, in spring 2013, Ryanair announced the start of operations to Leipzig/Halle on six routes. However, one year all of them except the flights to London-Stansted were terminated. In February 2015, Etihad Regional announced the termination of all their Leipzig/Halle operations which had started only two years earlier, due to changes to their operational concept. All three routes were shut down while two newly announced ones did not start, as of March 2015, the largest passenger airlines at Leipzig/Halle Airport are Condor with 38 outgoing flights a week followed by Air Berlin, which operates 29 departures per week. As the airline holds Fifth Freedom rights, this would be Leipzig/Halles first passenger service to the United States, however, for 2017, the service will be kept via Manchester. In October 2016, DHL inaugurated a major expansion to its facilities at the airport. Two new cargo terminals increased handling capacity by 50 percent, the modern airport terminal structure extends over the adjacent motorway and railway. It features a car park as well as the check-in-facilities and is connected to a pier equipped with six jet bridges as well as several apron stands. The terminal access is south of the railway while the runway 08L/26R parallels the north of the railway, requiring aircraft to taxi on a bridge over the tracks
Leipzig/Halle Airport
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Leipzig/Halle Airport Flughafen Leipzig/Halle
Leipzig/Halle Airport
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Concourse connecting the check-in and airside areas
Leipzig/Halle Airport
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Cargo facilities
50.
Bordeaux Saint-Jean railway station
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Bordeaux-Saint-Jean or Bordeaux-Midi is the main railway station in the French city of Bordeaux. It is the terminus of the Paris–Bordeaux railway, and the western terminus of the Chemins de fer du Midi main line from Toulouse. The current station building opened in 1898, as well as Midi trains, the station accepted trains from the PO and the État. The station was built by M Toudoire and S Choron, the station building, situated in Bordeaux city centre at the end of the Cours de la Marne, appears from the front as three parts. The middle part is home to the buffet and separates the arrivals. All three parts are parallel to the platforms, the station buildings hide a large rooftop, built by Gustave Eiffel, which is 56 m wide and covers 17,000 m². Since the arrival of the TGV the station has been renovated and upgraded with modern equipment, the great hall has a large map of the network of the Midi on one of the walls and reminds passengers of the origins of the station. The station is the main railway interchange in Aquitaine and links Bordeaux to Paris, Sète, Toulouse Matabiau and Spain
Bordeaux Saint-Jean railway station
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Gare de Bordeaux-Saint-Jean front
51.
United States Air Force in France
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From 1951 to 1966 the United States Air Force deployed thousands of personnel and hundreds of combat aircraft to France to counter the buildup of the Soviet Armed Forces in Eastern Europe. The Cold War escalated into the seizure of West Berlin during 1948. This convinced the western nations to form a defense organization. Discussions led to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATOs defense strategy came to incorporate land, sea, and air forces. Due to the vulnerability of West Germany to Soviet attack, USAF planners did not want any new tactical air units moved into the U. S. By 1950, the United States Air Forces in Europe wanted all tactical air units to be located west of the Rhine River to provide air defense warning time. France agreed to air base sites. Between 1950 and 1967 the United States Air Force operated 11 major air bases in France, the United States Army also established a significant presence in France, and was responsible for much Air Base construction and maintenance. The first NATO tenant in France was the 1630th Air Base Squadron of the USAF Military Air Transport Service, on 28 February 1958 the official name of Orly Air Base was changed to Orly Airport and most MATS flights were routed to Chateauroux-Deols Air Base. After 15 years of USAFE basing, French President Charles De Gaulle decided to evict NATO forces from France, on 7 March 1966, he announced that France would withdraw from NATOs integrated military structure. He gave NATO forces one year to depart France, due to the U. S. media focus on the Vietnam War, the removal of NATO forces from France went virtually unreported in the US. During 1966-67 all USAF offices and facilities in France were closed and personnel, the last USAFE activities were the 1630th Air Base Squadron at Orly Airport and the Paris Administration Office. Both were closed in June 1967, a C-47 variant, the C-117B Super Skytrain Serial 45-2549 was the last USAF aircraft to leave France, departing from Orly on 31 May 1967. On 23 October 1967, all flags were furled and after 17 years the last NATO forces departed France. Today most of the old USAF air bases in France are being used by the French military and are not accessible to tourists, active Air Force wings as of 1 October 1995, USAF active flying, space, and missile squadrons as of 1 October 1995. Maxwell AFB, Alabama, Office of Air Force History, mcAuliffe, Jerome J. US Air Force in France 1950-1967. San Diego, California, Milspec Press ISBN 0-9770371-1-8, Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947-1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama, Office of Air Force History, uSAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers—1908 to Present
United States Air Force in France
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F-100D fighter-bombers of the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing at Chaumont-Semoutiers Air Base, 1957.
United States Air Force in France
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Map of former NATO air bases in France.
United States Air Force in France
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C-130A 56-0524 of the 40th Troop Carrier Squadron, Evreux-Fauville Air Base, 1958 provided USAFE Tactical Airlift capabilities
52.
France
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France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
France
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One of the Lascaux paintings: a horse – Dordogne, approximately 18,000 BC
France
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Flag
France
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The Maison Carrée was a temple of the Gallo-Roman city of Nemausus (present-day Nîmes) and is one of the best preserved vestiges of the Roman Empire.
France
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With Clovis ' conversion to Catholicism in 498, the Frankish monarchy, elective and secular until then, became hereditary and of divine right.
53.
Charles de Gaulle Airport
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Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, also known as Roissy Airport, is the largest international airport in France. It is named after Charles de Gaulle, leader of the Free French Forces during the Second World War, founder of the French Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle Airport is located within portions of several communes 25 km to the northeast of Paris. The airport serves as the hub for Air France as well as a European hub for fellow SkyTeam alliance partner Delta Air Lines. In 2016, the airport handled 65,933,145 passengers and 472,950 aircraft movements, thus making it the worlds ninth-busiest airport and it is also the worlds tenth-busiest and it is Europes second-busiest airport in aircraft movements. In terms of traffic, the airport is the twelfth-busiest in the world. The incumbent director of the airport, Franck Goldnadel, was appointed to his position on 1 March 2011, Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport covers 32.38 square kilometres of land. Management of the airport lies solely on the authority of Paris Aéroport, which also manages Orly, Le Bourget, Marsa Alam in Egypt, the planning and construction phase of what was known then as Aéroport de Paris Nord began in 1966. On 8 March 1974 the airport, renamed Charles de Gaulle Airport, Terminal 1 was built in an avant-garde design of a ten-floors-high circular building surrounded by seven satellite buildings, each with six gates allowing sunlight to enter through apertures. The main architect was Paul Andreu, who was also in charge of the extensions during the following decades, the Frutiger typeface was commissioned for use in the airport and implemented on signs throughout the building in 1975. Initially called Roissy, it was renamed after its designer Adrian Frutiger, until 2005, every PA announcement made at Terminal 1 was preceded by a distinctive chime, nicknamed Indicatif Roissy and composed by Bernard Parmegiani in 1971. The chime can be heard in the Roman Polanski film Frantic, the chime was officially replaced by the Indicatif ADP chime. Charles de Gaulle Airport has three terminals, Terminal 1 is the oldest and situated opposite to Terminal 3, Terminal 2 is located at another side with 7 sub-terminal buildings. Terminal 2 was originally exclusively for Air France, since then it has been expanded significantly. Terminals 2A to 2F are interconnected by elevated walkways and situated next to each other, Terminal 2G is a satellite building connected by shuttle bus. Terminal 3 hosts charter and low-cost airlines, the CDGVAL light-rail shuttle connects Terminal 2 to Terminals 1/3 and their parking lots. Refer to Ground Transportation below for inter-terminal transfers and transport to central Paris, the first terminal, designed by Paul Andreu, was built in the image of an octopus. It consists of a terminal building which houses key functions such as check-in counters. Seven satellites with boarding gates are connected to the building by underground walkways
Charles de Gaulle Airport
Charles de Gaulle Airport
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Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport Aéroport Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle Roissy Airport
Charles de Gaulle Airport
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Aerial view of Terminal 1
Charles de Gaulle Airport
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Aerial view of Terminal 2A and 2B
54.
EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg
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It is located in France, on the administrative territory of the commune of Saint-Louis near the Swiss and German borders. The airport serves as a base for easyJet Switzerland and Belair, which operates on behalf of Air Berlin, plans for the construction of a joint Swiss–French airport started in the 1930s, but were halted by the Second World War. In 1946 talks resumed and it was agreed that an airport would be built 4 kilometres north of Blotzheim, France would provide the land and the Swiss canton of Basel-Stadt would cover the construction costs. Basel-Stadts Grand Council agreed to pay the costs for a provisional airport even before a treaty was signed. Construction began on 8 March 1946 and an airport with a 1. The first enlargement project was approved by referendum in Basel in 1960 and, over the following decades, the north–south runway was extended further to 3,900 metres in 1972. In 1984, a total of 1 million passengers was reached. In 1987, the trademark name EuroAirport Basel–Mulhouse–Freiburg was introduced, in 1992 a total of 2 million passengers used the airport. By 1998, this number rose up to 3 million, a decision was made to enlarge the terminals again with a new Y-finger dock. The first phase was completed in 2002 and the phase in 2005. Crossair was based at Basel and was its largest airline, in 2004 the low cost carrier EasyJet opened a base at Basel and the passenger totals rose again, reaching 4 million in 2006. From 2007 until 2009, Ryanair also flew to the airport for the first time, however, as result of a dispute over landing fees, the airline closed all eight routes. More recently Ryanair announced it would return in April 2014, with the resumption of Basel–Dublin route as well as the new route Basel – London–Stansted, since then, Ryanair has hinted at the possibility of adding new routes in the foreseeable future. In December 2014, Swiss International Air Lines announced it would cease all operations at Basel by 31 May 2015 due to competition from low-cost carriers. Swiss faced direct competition on five out of its six Basel routes, the Lufthansa Group announced it would set up Eurowings first base outside Germany at the EuroAirport as a replacement. However these plans were cancelled in favour of Vienna International Airport. In January 2017, it has announced that Air Berlin including its Swiss subsdiary Belair are cancelling Basel/Mulhouse from their schedules entirely as part of restructuring measures. EuroAirport is one of the few airports in the world operated jointly by two countries, in this case France and Switzerland and it is governed by a 1949 international convention
EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg
EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg
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Main terminal building
EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg
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Swiss International Air Lines head office at EuroAirport
55.
Carcassonne Airport
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Carcassonne Airport is an airport serving Carcassonne and the south of Languedoc. The airport is located on the edge of the city,3 km from the city center. It is also known as Salvaza Airport, Carcassonne Salvaza Airport or Carcassonne Airport in Pays Cathare, the airport handles commercial national and international flights as well as private, non-regular air traffic. In the late 1990s the airport started taking budget flights to and from European airports and in 2006 had regular connections with Dublin, Stansted, Liverpool, East Midlands. In 2011, the airport served 368,000 passengers, the airport sits at an elevation of 434 feet above mean sea level. It has one paved runway designated which measures 2,050 by 45 metres and it also has a parallel unpaved runway with a grass surface measuring 800 by 30 metres. It can cater for aircraft operating under VFR, a campus of the École nationale de laviation civile is also located at the airport. Carcassonne Airport, official site Aéroport de Carcassonne en Pays Cathare, official site Current weather for LFMK at NOAA/NWS Accident history for CCF at Aviation Safety Network
Carcassonne Airport
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Carcassonne Airport Aéroport de Carcassonne
56.
Dole-Jura Airport
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Dole – Jura Airport, also known as Franche-Comté Regional Airport, is an airport serving Dole, a commune in the Jura department in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France. The airport is located 7 km southwest of Dole, and southeast of Tavaux and it was formerly known as Dole - Tavaux Airport. The airport is used for aviation, and for a few commercial airline services. During World War II the airport was used by the German Luftwaffe during the occupation of France as an Air intelligence training facility and it was attacked by the United States Army Air Force on several occasions in the spring of 1944. The field was ready by 15 September. It was known as Dole/Tavaux Airfield or Advanced Landing Ground Y-7, control of the airport was returned to French civil authorities on 17 July 1945. Today, the airports World War II history remains with the alert pads built by the Germans at each end of the main runway, what appears to be a weapons storage facility is located to the northeast of the airfield, along with some deteriorating concrete wartime taxiways. In some agricultural fields to the south of the main runway appear to be dispersal taxiways, the taxiways now being reduced in width to single lane agricultural roads The airport resides at an elevation of 645 feet above mean sea level. It has one paved runway designated 05/23 which measures 2,230 by 45 metres and it also has a parallel runway with a grass surface measuring 800 by 50 metres. Advanced Landing Ground This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http, dole–Jura Airport Current weather for LFGJ at NOAA/NWS Accident history for DLE at Aviation Safety Network
Dole-Jura Airport
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Dole - Jura Airport Aéroport de Dole - Jura (Advanced Landing Ground Y-7)
57.
La Tontouta International Airport
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La Tontouta International Airport or Nouméa – La Tontouta International Airport is the main international airport on New Caledonia. The airport is in the municipality of Païta, approximately 52 km northwest of Nouméa, in 2006,415,813 passengers used the airport. United States Army Air Forces units based here included, 64th Troop Carrier Squadron operating Douglas C-47 Skytrains in 1943 and this article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http, //www. afhra. af. mil/
La Tontouta International Airport
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Boeing B-17E #41-2426 of 11th Bomb Group, 43d Bomb Squadron at Tontouta in August 1942
58.
Gustaf III Airport
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Gustaf III Airport, also known as Saint Barthélemy Airport, sometimes as St. Jean Airport, is a public use airport located in the village of St. Jean on the Caribbean island of Saint Barthélemy. Both the airport and the main town of Gustavia are named for King Gustav III of Sweden. In 1984, Swedish Minister of Communications, Hans Gustafsson, inaugurated the building of the Gustaf III Airport. The airport is served by small commercial aircraft and charters. The short airstrip is at the base of a gentle slope ending directly on the beach, the arrival descent is extremely steep over the hilltop traffic circle, departing planes fly right over the heads of sunbathers. The airport is located at the islands second-largest town, St. Jean, the History Channel programme Most Extreme Airports ranks Gustaf III airport, which is casually referred to as St. Barths, as the third most dangerous airport in the world. YouTube video of a tourist almost hit by a Cessna 172 highlights the close confines of airport, media related to Gustaf III Airport at Wikimedia Commons Accident history for SBH at Aviation Safety Network
Gustaf III Airport
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Gustaf III Airport Saint Barthélemy Airport St. Jean Airport Aérodrome de St Jean
59.
Roland Garros Airport
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Roland Garros Airport, formerly known as Gillot Airport, is located in Sainte-Marie on Réunion. The airport is 7 kilometres east of Saint-Denis, it is named after the French aviator Roland Garros who was born in Saint-Denis, Roland Garros Airport is the hub of Air Austral and served 2,067,764 passengers in 2012. Air Austral also has its office on the airport property. When Air Bourbon existed until 2004, its head office also was on the airport property, the airport resides at an elevation of 20 m above mean sea level. It has two paved runways, 12/30 measuring 3,200 by 45 metres and 14/32 measuring 2,670 by 45 metres. It planned to construct a Réunion Tram Train to link the airport to the capital Saint-Denis and Saint-Paul, but plans for the construction were abandoned in 2013
Roland Garros Airport
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Roland Garros Airport Aéroport de la Réunion Roland Garros
60.
Tours Val de Loire Airport
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Tours Val de Loire Airport is an airport in the French department of Indre-et-Loire,6 km north-northeast of the city of Tours in the Loire Valley. The airport is located partly on the territory of the communes of Tours, the airport is open to both national and international carriers, private planes and is certified for both instrument flight and visual flight. The airport dates back to World War I, being established as a French Air Force training center, the center trained many French aviators and some Americans who had volunteered prior to the American entry in the war into the French flying service. In the summer of 1917, the school was provided to the American Expeditionary Forces, initially it was used as an advanced training school for pursuit pilot combat training. Later it developed into a center of training for all observers of the Air Service. It also was used as a Radio School, a Photographic school, after the 1918 Armistice with Germany, it was returned to the French Air Force which used it as a military base. After World War II the airport was used by NATO and the US Air Force before becoming a school in the 1950s. From the early 1960s, Tours Airport was opened to the public, the airport resides at an elevation of 357 feet above mean sea level. It has one paved runway designated 02/20 which measures 2,404 by 45 metres, the airport once housed the head office of TAT European Airlines. Tours Val de Loire Airport, official website in French Aéroport de Tours – Val-de-Loire at Union des Aéroports Français Accident history for Tours-St Symphorien Airport at Aviation Safety Network
Tours Val de Loire Airport
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Tours Val de Loire Airport Aéroport Tours Val de Loire Base Aérienne 604 Tours Val de Loire
61.
Raiatea Airport
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Raiatea Airport is an airport on Raiatea, French Polynesia. It is in the village of Uturoa, the airport was inaugurated in 1962, but did not see service in 1964. A backfilling was built on the part of the island. Many people use this airport to access the island of Tahaa. In 2014,207722 passengers have used the airport
Raiatea Airport
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Raiatea Airport terminal.
62.
Dijon Air Base
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Dijon-Longvic Air Base is a former French Air Force air base. The base is located approximately 2 miles east-southeast of Longvic, about 165 miles southeast of Paris and it was closed on June 30,2016, after 102 years of existence. Dijon-Longvic Air Base is one of the oldest of the Armée de lAir, being established in 1914 and it has been active for over 95 years, through both 20th Century World Wars, the Cold War, and numerous crises. The military will withdraw from the base under budget cuts announced in October 2014, operating as a joint civilian base, it is also a commercial airport. Dijon Air Base is one of the oldest of the Armée de lAir, being established in 1914 and this airfield became operational in the spring of 1914 and was assigned the headquarters of the 1st Aviation Group, which was accommodated in several aircraft hangars and barracks. Four squadrons were stationed there when the World War broke out, 2Y also worked, from 1917, a flight school dedicated to piloting aircraft Voisin firm. After 1919, Dijon-Longvic was used for deployment of several units specializing in pursuit, in 1920, saw the birth of Dijon 2e observation aviation regiment equipped with Breguet 14. That same year, on the edge of the airfield, an area was reserved for civil aviation, during World War II, the airport was attacked by the Luftwaffe on several occasions during the Battle of France. It was seized by the German Army on 25 May, while a POW camp, prisoners were used to clear the wreckage of destroyed aircraft and tear down destroyed buildings. The unit also included a number of Gotha 145 and Junkers 52s and this unit took part in many bombing missions over England. In March 1943, II/NJG4 arrived, a fighter unit, equipped with three squadrons of Messerschmitt Bf 110s, Dornier 217 N-1s, and Ju 88 Ns Also in 1943. Arrived at Dijon from the Crimea in the Eastern Front, equipped with Heinkel 111Z reconnaissance aircraft, the unit only stayed at Dijon briefly, being moved to Istres for use in the Italian Campaign. While under Luftwaffe control, Dijon Air Base was attacked by the United States Army Air Forces Eighth Air Force heavy B-17 Flying Fortress groups on several occasions in 1944, with the Allied ground forces advancing into the Dijon area, the Germans evacuated the base on 10 September 1944. On 12 September, the first American units arrived at the base, work began clearing the base of mines and destroyed Luftwaffe aircraft and repairing operational facilities for use by American aircraft. Their work paid off, as Dijon Air Base was declared ready on 25 September. It was designated as Advanced Landing Ground Y-9 as an American airfield, each of the bomb groups had three or four combat squadrons of aircraft assigned to the airfield. In addition to the American units, the Free French Air Force operated B-26 Marauders from Dijon beginning on 11 October 1944, Dijon was returned to the French Air Ministry by the Americans on 1 July 1945. The war had left the airbase in ruins, littered with rubble, debris, scrap metal
Dijon Air Base
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LFSD
7.6%
Media related to Bordeaux - Mérignac Airport at Wikimedia Commons
