Butyrskaya prison, usually known simply as Butyrka, is a prison in the Tverskoy District of central Moscow, Russia. In Imperial Russia it served as the central transit prison. During the Soviet Union era (1917–1991) it held many political prisoners. As of 2022 Butyrka remains the largest of Moscow's remand prisons. Overcrowding is an ongoing problem.

Tverskoy District is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: 75,378 (2010 Russian census); 75,955 (2002 Census).