1.
University of Illinois system
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The University of Illinois is a system of public universities in Illinois consisting of three universities, Urbana–Champaign, Chicago, and Springfield. Across its three universities, the University of Illinois System enrolls more than 80,000 students and it had an operating budget of $5.6 billion in 2015. The University of Illinois System of universities comprises three universities in the U. S. state of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign, Chicago, and Springfield. The university in Urbana–Champaign is known as Illinois, U of I, or “UIUC”, whereas the Chicago campus is known as “UIC”, one of the three student trustees is designated by the governor to have a vote. The Urbana–Champaign campus was founded in 1867 as the Illinois Industrial University and it was one of the 37 public land-grant institutions created shortly after Abraham Lincoln signed the Morrill Act in 1862. The university changed its name to University of Illinois in 1885, the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign is the largest and most prestigious of the three campuses. UIUC, or more commonly U of I, is the state university campus. In addition, in 1987, NCSA created NCSA Telnet, a program which permitted users access to the resources remotely. The petascale Blue Waters to be completed in 2011 is among the worlds fastest supercomputers, UIUC and its alumni are particularly well known for their contributions to engineering, including inventions such as the LED, plasma screen, and integrated circuit. The library is both for being the largest public academic library in the country, with over forty departmental libraries. Each year, the library circulates about 1.2 million items, Physics professor John Bardeen won the Nobel Physics Prize twice in his lifetime, an honor no other researcher has received. The schools marching band, named the Marching Illini, also enjoys a superb reputation, until recently, the symbol of the Universitys athletic teams was a Native American figure, Chief Illiniwek, which had sparked significant controversy. Chief Illiniwek completed his last performance on February 21,2007 and has since retired from performing. With annual research expenditures exceeding $341 million, UIC is one of five research universities in the State of Illinois. The modern UIC was formed in 1982 by the consolidation of two U. of I, the newest university in the system is University of Illinois at Springfield. It is located in Springfield, Illinois, the capital of Illinois. When it opened in 1969, it was named Sangamon State University, in 1995, Sangamon State was joined to the University of Illinois System and renamed as the University of Illinois at Springfield. The University of Illinois System then transitioned the school from an upper division university into a full four-year institution with an undergraduate program, UIS is the smallest university in the University of Illinois system, with an enrollment of more than 5,000 students
University of Illinois system
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Altgeld Hall on the Urbana campus
University of Illinois system
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Illini Union on the Urbana campus
University of Illinois system
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The
Chicago Loop as seen from the UIC Campus
2.
Ethel Kennedy
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Ethel Skakel Kennedy is an American human-rights campaigner and widow of Senator Robert F. Kennedy, who was assassinated while running for nomination as Democratic presidential candidate in 1968. As Ethel Skakel, she was a classmate of Kennedys sister Jean at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart and she and Kennedy married in 1950 and had seven sons and four daughters. Their house, Hickory Hill at McLean, Virginia, was the scene of exclusive parties, soon after her husbands death, she founded the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, a nonprofit charity working to realize RFKs dream of a just and peaceful world. In 2009, Ethel Kennedy was among the mourners at the funeral of her brother-in-law Ted Kennedy. In 2014, President Barack Obama awarded her a Presidential Medal of Freedom, Ethel Skakel was born in Chicago to businessman George Skakel and secretary Ann Brannack. She was the Skakels third daughter and sixth child, having five older siblings, Georgeann, James, George Jr. Rushton, and Patricia, George was a Protestant of Dutch descent while Ann was a Catholic of Irish ancestry. Ethel and her siblings were raised Catholic in Greenwich, Connecticut, George Skakel was the founder of Great Lakes Carbon Corporation, now a division of SGLCarbon. She attended the all-girls Greenwich Academy in Greenwich, as well as the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Manhattan, in September 1945, she began her college education at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart, where she was a classmate of Jean Ann Kennedy. Ethel first met Jeans brother Robert Francis Bobby Kennedy during a ski trip to Mont Tremblant Resort in Quebec in December 1945, during this trip, he began dating Ethels elder sister, Patricia. After Kennedy and Patricias relationship ended, he began dating Ethel and she campaigned for his elder brother John Fitzgerald Jack Kennedy in his 1946 campaign for the United States Congress, and wrote her college thesis on his book Why England Slept. Robert and Ethel became engaged in February 1950, and were married on June 17,1950 and her wedding dress and bridal party gowns were created by noted New York City fashion designer Mamie Conti. As newlyweds, the moved to Charlottesville, Virginia, where they lived while Robert Kennedy finished his last year at the University of Virginia Law School. The couple had children, Kathleen, Joseph, Robert Jr. David, Courtney, Michael, Kerry, Christopher, Max, Douglas. Rory was born after Senator Kennedy was assassinated, after Robert F. Kennedy graduated with his law degree, the family settled in the Washington, D. C. area and Bobby went to work for the Department of Justice. That path did not last long, as Kennedy was asked by his family to manage his brother John Kennedys successful 1952 Senate campaign in Massachusetts, throughout the 1950s, he worked for the federal government in investigatory roles for the United States Senate. In 1956, the Kennedys purchased Hickory Hill from Bobbys brother Jack and his wife and they needed a larger house, since Ethel was pregnant with their fifth child, Courtney. This enormous 13-bedroom, 13-bath home was situated on 6 acres in McLean, Robert and Ethel Kennedy held many gatherings at their home. Whether it was a party or a formal dinner party
Ethel Kennedy
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Ethel Skakel Kennedy, c. mid 1960s
Ethel Kennedy
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Life
3.
Kennedy family
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The Kennedy family is an American family that has been prominent in American politics, public service, and business during the 20th century. Three of the four sons of Joseph, Sr. and Rose Kennedy served as senator, the first Kennedys to reside in the United States were Patrick Kennedy and Bridget Murphy, who sailed from Ireland to East Boston in 1849. Their son Patrick Joseph went into Massachusetts politics and business, P. J. s brother-in-law, Charles M. Hickey, served as mayor of Brockton, Massachusetts in 1913. Under President Franklin D. Josephs wife was Rose Fitzgerald, whose father, John F. Fitzgerald, served as a senator, member of the U. S. House of Representatives. Joseph and Rose had nine children, Joseph Jr. John, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, John served as the President of the United States, while Robert and Ted both became prominent senators. Every Kennedy to hold elective office has served as a Democrat while other members of the family have worked for the Democratic Party or held Cabinet posts under Democratic administrations. Many have attended Harvard University, and the family has contributed greatly to that universitys John F. Kennedy School of Government, Joseph originally hoped for his eldest son, Joseph Jr. to become a politician and ultimately to be elected President. After Joseph Jr. was killed in World War II, Joseph Sr. s hopes transferred to his second son, during his presidency, John appointed Robert as Attorney General. Meanwhile, Ted was elected to the Senate in 1962, the family received intense publicity during Johns term as President, often emphasizing their relative youth, allure, education, and future in politics. The family suffered many tragedies, which contributed to the idea of the Kennedy curse, Kathleen, and John Jr. all died in airplane crashes. Italics denote members who married into the family, only members who held political office are shown below. P. J. Kennedy, Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives 1884–89, member of the Massachusetts Senate, John F. Caroline Kennedy, United States Ambassador to Japan, 2013–17. Bobby Shriver, Member of the Santa Monica, California City Council, 2004–12, maria Shriver, First Lady of California, 2003–11, married Arnold Schwarzenegger, Chairman of the Presidents Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition, 1990–93, and governor of California, 2003–11. Mark Shriver, Member of the Maryland House of Delegates, 1995–2003, Robert F. Kennedy, United States Attorney General 1961–64, United States senator from New York, 1965–68. Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Lieutenant governor of Maryland, 1995–2003, Joseph P. Kennedy II, Member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts, 1987–99. Joseph P. Kennedy III, Member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts, Jean Kennedy Smith, United States Ambassador to Ireland, 1993–98. Ted Kennedy, United States senator from Massachusetts, 1962–2009, edward M. Kennedy Jr. Member of the Connecticut Senate, 2015–present. Patrick J. Kennedy, Member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives, 1989–93, member of the United States House of Representatives from Rhode Island, the Kennedys, A Family Tree, St
Kennedy family
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Members of the Kennedy family at the birthday of
Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. in September 1963.
Kennedy family
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Kennedy
Kennedy family
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Life
Kennedy family
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Electoral
history
4.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
Bachelor of Arts
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A certificate or diploma evidencing the granting of a bachelor's degree
5.
Northwestern University
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Composed of twelve schools and colleges, Northwestern offers 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees. Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom the City of Evanston is named and its founding purpose was to serve the Northwest Territory, an area that today includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota. Instruction began in 1855, women were admitted in 1869, today, the main campus is a 240-acre parcel in Evanston, along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago. The universitys law, medical, and professional schools are located on a 25-acre campus in Chicagos Streeterville neighborhood, in 2008, the university opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar with programs in journalism and communication. In 2016, Northwestern opened its San Francisco space at 44 Montgomery St. which hosts journalism, engineering, Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program and it attracts over $650 million in sponsored research each year. Northwestern has the tenth largest university endowment in the United States, in 2017, the university accepted 9. 0% of undergraduate applicants from a pool of 37,255. Northwestern is a member of the Big Ten Conference and remains the only private university in the conference. The Northwestern Wildcats compete in 19 intercollegiate sports in the NCAAs Division I Big Ten Conference, on January 28,1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University, making it the first chartered university in Illinois. The schools nine founders, all of whom were Methodists, knelt in prayer, John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acres of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5,1855, to raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $100 perpetual scholarships entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition. Willard Residential College is named in her honor, Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869, and the first woman was graduated in 1874. Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law is the oldest law school in Chicago. The Association of American Universities invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917, in 1933, a proposal to merge Northwestern with the University of Chicago was considered but rejected. Northwestern was also one of the first six universities in the country to establish a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps in the 1920s, after the golden years of the 1920s, the Great Depression in the United States hit Northwestern hard. Its annual income dropped 25 percent from $4.8 million in 1930-31 to $3.6 million in 1933-34. Investment income shrank, fewer parents could pay full tuition, and annual giving from alumni, the university responded with two salary cuts of 10 percent each for all employees. It imposed a freeze, a building freeze, and slashed appropriations for maintenance, books
Northwestern University
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University Hall (1869), the second building constructed on campus, and the oldest building still standing.
Northwestern University
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Northwestern University
Northwestern University
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Deering Library (1933)
Northwestern University
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Technological Institute in 1942, after the relocation of Patten Gymnasium but before the construction of the
Lakefill
6.
Merchandise Mart
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The Merchandise Mart is a commercial building located in the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. When it opened in 1930, it was the largest building in the world, the art deco landmark is located at the junction of the Chicago Rivers branches. The building is a leading retailing and wholesale destination, hosting 20,000 visitors, built by Marshall Field & Co. The Merchandise Mart is so large that it had its own ZIP code until 2008, in 2010, the building opened its Design Center showrooms to the public for the first time. In 1926, an extension of double-deck Wacker Drive increased development on the south riverbank. In 1927, Marshall Field & Co. announced its plans to build on the bank opposite Wacker Drive. With the railroads air rights, the site was large enough to accommodate the largest building in the world, removing the train yard supported the Chicago Plan Commissions desire to develop and beautify the riverfront. General contractor John W. Griffiths & Sons brought building construction into the age through the use of techniques ordinarily used in the construction of big dams. Cement arriving by boat was lifted by compressed air to bins 75 feet above the ground, with gravel and sand delivered by railroad cars to conveyor belts, giant mixers provided wet concrete to skip hoists in vertical towers that were extended as the building rose. Continuously employing 2,500 men and as many as 5,700 men altogether, the project lasted a year. Bethlehem Steel fabricated much of the 60,000 tons of steel, an estimated 7.5 miles of corridors and over 30 elevators were included in the construction. The Merchandise Mart opened on May 5,1930, just east of Chicagos original trading post, the building realized Marshall Field’s dream of a single wholesale center for the entire nation and consolidated 13 different warehouses. It was later managed by Sargent Shriver, then was owned for more than 50 years by the Kennedy family through Merchandise Mart Properties and that year, MMPI was acquired by Vornado Realty Trust for $450 million cash and a $100 million-plus stake in Vornado. As of early 2007, the building was valued at $917 million, the Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s. The Indian chiefs were removed and replaced with plates in 1961. Some of the carvings were found in a suburban backyard. In 1962, a canopy was constructed over the south for vehicle use. In 1977, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed the Chicago Apparel Center, located on the west side of Orleans Street, making use of plazas, esplanades and overlooks employed the waterfront location for pedestrian pleasure
Merchandise Mart
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Merchandise Mart
Merchandise Mart
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Merchandise Mart under construction, 1929
Merchandise Mart
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Night view of the building's surroundings along the
Chicago River: Among the buildings and structures shown are (left to right) Left Bank at K Station (300 North Canal), 333 North Canal,
Kinzie Street railroad bridge,
350 West Mart Center, Merchandise Mart,
300 North LaSalle,
Franklin Street Bridge and part of
333 Wacker Drive.
Merchandise Mart
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From the
Chicago River, looking west
7.
Ethel Skakel Kennedy
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Ethel Skakel Kennedy is an American human-rights campaigner and widow of Senator Robert F. Kennedy, who was assassinated while running for nomination as Democratic presidential candidate in 1968. As Ethel Skakel, she was a classmate of Kennedys sister Jean at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart and she and Kennedy married in 1950 and had seven sons and four daughters. Their house, Hickory Hill at McLean, Virginia, was the scene of exclusive parties, soon after her husbands death, she founded the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, a nonprofit charity working to realize RFKs dream of a just and peaceful world. In 2009, Ethel Kennedy was among the mourners at the funeral of her brother-in-law Ted Kennedy. In 2014, President Barack Obama awarded her a Presidential Medal of Freedom, Ethel Skakel was born in Chicago to businessman George Skakel and secretary Ann Brannack. She was the Skakels third daughter and sixth child, having five older siblings, Georgeann, James, George Jr. Rushton, and Patricia, George was a Protestant of Dutch descent while Ann was a Catholic of Irish ancestry. Ethel and her siblings were raised Catholic in Greenwich, Connecticut, George Skakel was the founder of Great Lakes Carbon Corporation, now a division of SGLCarbon. She attended the all-girls Greenwich Academy in Greenwich, as well as the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Manhattan, in September 1945, she began her college education at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart, where she was a classmate of Jean Ann Kennedy. Ethel first met Jeans brother Robert Francis Bobby Kennedy during a ski trip to Mont Tremblant Resort in Quebec in December 1945, during this trip, he began dating Ethels elder sister, Patricia. After Kennedy and Patricias relationship ended, he began dating Ethel and she campaigned for his elder brother John Fitzgerald Jack Kennedy in his 1946 campaign for the United States Congress, and wrote her college thesis on his book Why England Slept. Robert and Ethel became engaged in February 1950, and were married on June 17,1950 and her wedding dress and bridal party gowns were created by noted New York City fashion designer Mamie Conti. As newlyweds, the moved to Charlottesville, Virginia, where they lived while Robert Kennedy finished his last year at the University of Virginia Law School. The couple had children, Kathleen, Joseph, Robert Jr. David, Courtney, Michael, Kerry, Christopher, Max, Douglas. Rory was born after Senator Kennedy was assassinated, after Robert F. Kennedy graduated with his law degree, the family settled in the Washington, D. C. area and Bobby went to work for the Department of Justice. That path did not last long, as Kennedy was asked by his family to manage his brother John Kennedys successful 1952 Senate campaign in Massachusetts, throughout the 1950s, he worked for the federal government in investigatory roles for the United States Senate. In 1956, the Kennedys purchased Hickory Hill from Bobbys brother Jack and his wife and they needed a larger house, since Ethel was pregnant with their fifth child, Courtney. This enormous 13-bedroom, 13-bath home was situated on 6 acres in McLean, Robert and Ethel Kennedy held many gatherings at their home. Whether it was a party or a formal dinner party
Ethel Skakel Kennedy
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Ethel Skakel Kennedy, c. mid 1960s
Ethel Skakel Kennedy
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Life
8.
Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
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Joseph Patrick Joe Kennedy Sr. was an American businessman, investor, and politician known for his high-profile positions in United States politics. Kennedy was married to Rose Kennedy, three of their nine children attained distinguished political positions, President John F. Kennedy, Attorney General and Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime Senator Edward M. Ted Kennedy. He was a member of the Democratic Party and of the Irish Catholic community. He was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to be the first chairman of the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and later directed the Maritime Commission. Kennedy served as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 until late 1940, in the 1920s Kennedy made huge profits from reorganizing and refinancing several Hollywood studios, ultimately merging several acquisitions into Radio-Keith-Orpheum studios. His company, Somerset Importers, became the exclusive American agent for Gordons Gin, in addition, Kennedy purchased spirits-importation rights from Schenley Industries, a firm in Canada. He owned the largest office building in the country, Chicagos Merchandise Mart, giving his family an important base in that city, Kennedy allowed surgeons to perform a lobotomy on his daughter Rosemary Kennedy in 1941. Various reasons for the operation have been given, but it left her permanently incapacitated, Kennedy resigned under pressure shortly afterwards. In later years, Kennedy worked behind the scenes to continue building the financial and political fortunes of the Kennedy family, after a disabling stroke in 1961, Kennedy developed aphasia and lost all power of speech, but remained mentally intact. He was confined to a wheelchair until his death in 1969, Joseph Patrick Kennedy was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the son of businessman and politician Patrick Joseph P. J. Kennedy. He had a younger brother Francis, and two sisters, Mary and Margaret. All four of Joes grandparents had immigrated to Massachusetts in the 1840s to escape the Irish famine and he was born into a highly sectarian society, where Irish Catholics were excluded by upper-class Boston Brahmins. Boston Irish thus became active in the Democratic Party, which included P. J. P. J. Kennedy followed in the footsteps of older cousins by attending Harvard College. He focused on becoming a leader, working energetically to gain admittance to the prestigious Hasty Pudding Club. While at Harvard he joined the Delta Upsilon International fraternity and played on the baseball team, in 1937, he received an honorary degree in Doctor of Laws from Oglethorpe University. On October 7,1914, Kennedy married Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald, honey Fitz Fitzgerald and Mary Josephine Josie Hannon. The marriage joined two of the citys most prominent political families, as Kennedys business success expanded, he and his family kept homes in the Boston area, suburban New York City, Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, and Palm Beach, Florida
Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
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Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
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Kennedy yearbook photo from Boston Latin School
Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
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Rose (shown with Joe Jr.) married Joe Sr. after college.
Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
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The family at their home in
Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, 1931. Rosemary Kennedy is seated on the far right.
9.
President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
President of the United States
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Incumbent
Barack Obama since January 20, 2009 (2009-01-20)
President of the United States
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Presidential Seal
President of the United States
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Obama signing legislation at the
Resolute desk
President of the United States
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Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, successfully preserved the
Union during the
American Civil War
10.
John F. Kennedy
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Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, Kennedys time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in Cuba, a failed attempt was made at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in April 1961. He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain approval for a war against Cuba. After military service in the United States Naval Reserve in World War II and he was elected subsequently to the U. S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President, and Republican presidential candidate, Richard Nixon in the 1960 U. S, at age 43, he became the youngest elected president and the second-youngest president. Kennedy was also the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president, to date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22,1963, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and determined to have fired the shots that hit the President from a sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby fatally shot Oswald two days later in a jail corridor, then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded Kennedy after he died in the hospital. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin, the majority of Americans alive at the time of the assassination, and continuing through 2013, believed that there was a conspiracy and that Oswald was not the only shooter. Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedys private life has come to light, including his health problems, Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians polls of U. S. presidents and with the general public. His average approval rating of 70% is the highest of any president in Gallups history of systematically measuring job approval and his grandfathers P. J. Kennedy and Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald were both Massachusetts politicians. All four of his grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants, Kennedy had an elder brother, Joseph Jr. and seven younger siblings, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Ted. Kennedy lived in Brookline for ten years and attended the Edward Devotion School, the Noble and Greenough Lower School, and the Dexter School through 4th grade. In 1927, the Kennedy family moved to a stately twenty-room, Georgian-style mansion at 5040 Independence Avenue in the Hudson Hill neighborhood of Riverdale, Bronx and he attended the lower campus of Riverdale Country School, a private school for boys, from 5th to 7th grade. Two years later, the moved to 294 Pondfield Road in the New York City suburb of Bronxville, New York. The Kennedy family spent summers at their home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in September 1930, Kennedy—then 13 years old—attended the Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. In late April 1931, he required an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Canterbury, in September 1931, Kennedy attended Choate, a boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, for 9th through 12th grade
John F. Kennedy
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John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy
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The Kennedy family at
Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in 1931 with Jack at top left in white shirt. Ted was born the following year.
John F. Kennedy
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Lieutenant (junior grade) John F. Kennedy (standing at right) with his PT-109 crew, 1943.
John F. Kennedy
–
Kennedy on his navy patrol boat, the
PT-109, 1943.
11.
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
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Kathleen Hartington Kennedy Townsend is an American attorney who was the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Maryland from 1995 to 2003. She ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Maryland in 2002, in 2010 Townsend became the chair of the non-profit American Bridge, an organization whose focus is to raise funds for Democratic candidates and causes. She is a member of the Kennedy family and she was named after her aunt, Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington. It was not assumed that the girls in the politically oriented Kennedy family would run for office or become public persons, while she was growing up. However, after her uncle President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, her father wrote her saying, be kind to others and work for your country. Her family gave her the nicknames Clean Kathleen, the Nun, over the summer of 1964, Kennedy won four blue ribbons for her excellence in horsemanship. On August 29,1965, the fourteen-year-old Kennedy was somersaulted by her horse while competing at Sea Flash Farms in West Barnstable and she was left unconscious and bleeding internally and was rushed to Cape Cod Hospital, located fifteen miles away. Her family was en route to Hyannis Port at the time of the incident and was not located for another three hours and she was sixteen when her father was assassinated. She spent most of her childhood in McLean, Virginia, and attended Stone Ridge School in nearby Bethesda and she graduated from The Putney School in Vermont. She attended Radcliffe College, receiving her bachelors degree in history and she then studied at the University of New Mexico School of Law, receiving her Juris Doctor degree in 1978. For several years, she worked as an attorney in New Haven, Connecticut and she also worked on her uncle Ted Kennedys 1980 presidential campaign, stumped for local Democrats, and was a policy analyst for the Massachusetts governors office in the early 1980s. The family moved to Maryland, her husbands home state, in 1984, incumbent Republican Helen Delich Bentley defeated her 59% to 41%. She then went to work for the government of Maryland. In 1994, Parris Glendening was running for Governor in a contested primary against then-Lt. Governor Melvin A. Steinberg when he selected her as his running mate, experts did not believe she would be an asset, but her name recognition and her fund-raising skills, helped him to win. In the general election, Glendening and Townsend beat Republican candidate Ellen Sauerbrey in one of Marylands closest and most controversial gubernatorial elections. After unofficial results indicated that Sauerbrey had lost the election by a narrow margin, the official vote tally declared Glendening the winner by 5,993 votes out of 1.4 million. Sauerbrey hired an election specialist known for aggressive tactics then filed a lawsuit alleging that 50,000 votes had been cast illegally
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
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Townsend in 2001
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
–
Life
12.
Joseph P. Kennedy II
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Joseph Patrick Joe Kennedy II is an American businessman, Democratic politician, and a member of the Kennedy family. He served as a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from the 8th congressional district of Massachusetts from 1987 to 1999. In 1979 he founded and, until election to the U. S. House, led Citizens Energy Corporation and he is the eldest son of U. S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Kennedy as well as the eldest grandson of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. Kennedy was born in Brighton, a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, the second of 11 children of Ethel and Robert Francis Kennedy. He was named after his grandfather Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. the patriarch of the Kennedy family and he had a troubled youth, and was expelled from several private schools as a result of his quick temper. He regularly got into fights with his brothers and male cousins. Kennedy attended the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California, during 1972, after this he worked for several months as part of a federally funded program to combat and treat tuberculosis in the African American community in San Francisco, California. San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto personally praised Kennedys work in the community, Kennedy resigned from his position in the program, and returned to Massachusetts in the summer of 1973. On February 22,1972, Kennedy was on Lufthansa Flight 649 when it was hijacked, in August 1973, a Jeep he was driving overturned, fracturing one of his brother David Kennedys vertebrae, and permanently paralyzing Davids girlfriend, Pam Kelley. The police cited Kennedy with reckless driving and the judge temporarily suspended his drivers license, the Kennedy family paid for Kelley’s initial medical treatment and her continued care during the years following the accident. Kennedy returned to school after the accident, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Massachusetts Boston in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1979, Kennedy founded Citizens Energy, a non-profit organization, to provide discounted heating oil to low-income families. In 1986, incumbent Democrat and Speaker of the House Thomas Phillip Tip ONeill, Jr. who had held 8th Congressional district seat since 1953, announced his retirement. Kennedy decided to run for the seat, which his uncle, the Democratic nomination was contested by a number of well-known Democrats including State Senator George Bachrach and State Representative Mel King. However, Kennedy garnered endorsements from The Boston Globe and the retiring ONeill, Kennedy won the primary with 53%. He won the election with 72% of the vote. He won re-election in 1988,1990,1992,1994, Kennedys legislative efforts in U. S. House of Representatives included, Expanding the availability of credit to working Americans to buy homes and to open businesses. Requiring public disclosure of bank-lending practices in poorer neighborhoods and disclosure of bank home-mortgage approvals and refusals by race, sex, subsequent Federal Reserve Board studies based on these newly required disclosures found widespread evidence of discriminatory-loan practices. One study found that white borrowers in the category were approved for mortgages more than African American borrowers in the highest-income category
Joseph P. Kennedy II
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Joseph Kennedy
Joseph P. Kennedy II
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Life
13.
David A. Kennedy
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David Anthony Kennedy was the fourth of eleven children of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. David Anthony Kennedy, born on June 15,1955 in Washington, D. C. was the child of Robert F. Kennedy. As a child, David was shy, introverted and sensitive, Kennedy had been knocked over by a wave and was trapped on the bottom by the undertow. His father dove under the water and rescued him, scraping and bruising his own forehead in the process, frankenheimer gave Senator Kennedy theatrical makeup to hide the bruise, as he would be appearing on television hours later. The event left a scar on David and he began recreational drug use shortly thereafter. A1973 Jeep accident left Kennedys then girlfriend, Pamela Kelley and his oldest brother, Joseph Kennedy II, had been driving the Jeep and was charged with reckless driving. Kennedy sustained a fractured vertebra and became addicted to the painkillers he was given in the hospital and he began using heroin intravenously that autumn in his final year at Middlesex School in Concord, Massachusetts. Kennedy spent two years as a student at Harvard College, pursuing a major in American history before dropping out in 1976 and he had ambitions of becoming a journalist and spent several months as an intern for a Tennessee newspaper in 1974. Some staff there were impressed with his aptitude, in 1974 Kennedy and his siblings were the target of kidnap threats, and were given Secret Service protection. He was frequently seen in Manhattan discos with a succession of attractive women and his most notable involvement was with British actress Rachel Ward, whom he met in one such establishment in 1979. Kennedy was diagnosed twice with bacterial endocarditis, an inflammation of the heart often associated with the use of intravenous drugs, as well as experiencing drug overdoses in 1976 and 1978, he also had some skirmishes with the law, including speeding offenses and a Driving under the influence~DUI. In the spring of 1984, Kennedy completed a stay at St. Marys Hospital. On April 19, he flew down to Palm Beach, Florida for Easter, Kennedy checked into Room 107 of the Brazilian Court Hotel and spent the next few days partying. On April 25, staff went to check on his welfare at the insistence of concerned family members, he was dead on the floor of his suite from an overdose of cocaine, Demerol. He was interred on April 27 in the plot at Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline. David was the first of four of Joseph Kennedys young adult grandchildren to die prematurely and he was later followed in death by his younger brother Michael and cousins John, Jr. and Kara. RFK, A Candid Biography of Bobby Kennedy by C. David Heymann,1998 Searching For The Impossible, the Kennedys, An American Drama by Peter Collier and David Horowitz,1984
David A. Kennedy
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Kennedy in 1968
David A. Kennedy
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Life
14.
Michael LeMoyne Kennedy
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Michael LeMoyne Kennedy was the sixth of eleven children of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. Kennedy was born in Washington, D. C and he was 5 years old when his uncle, President of the United States John F. Kennedy, was assassinated and 10 years old when his father, presidential candidate, Robert F. Kennedy, also was assassinated. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Harvard College in 1980, Kennedy was the head of his brother Joes non-profit organization, Citizens Energy Corporation. He also helped organize his uncle Ted Kennedys re-election campaign against Mitt Romney in 1994, Kennedy married Victoria Denise Gifford, daughter of former pro-football player and sportscaster Frank Gifford and Maxine Avis Ewart, on March 14,1981, in New York City. They had one son, Michael LeMoyne Kennedy, Jr. and two daughters, Kyle Francis Kennedy, Rory Gifford-Kennedy, and resided in Cohasset, Massachusetts, until his death in December 1997. In 2014, his son Michael, Jr. and wife Mary gave birth to a son, Michael LeMoyne Kennedy III and later a daughter in 2016, Kyle and her husband Liam Kerr had three children, two sons Conor and Declan. A daughter, Josie, who was Conors twin, died in infancy in 2014, in 1997 the news broke that Michael, Sr. was having an affair with the familys former babysitter. Allegations were reported that the affair had begun three years before, when the babysitter was 14 years old. Kennedy took and passed three lie detector tests claiming he had not had sex with the Cohasset teen until she was 16 years old, Kennedy was placed under investigation for statutory rape. The babysitter, however, did not cooperate with prosecutors, shortly after the scandal began, Kennedy and his wife separated. After the affair, he checked himself into a Maryland rehab center for alcoholics, Kennedy died on December 31,1997, in a skiing accident in Aspen Mountain, Colorado. He was playing football while on skis with several members of the Kennedy family when at approximately 4,15 p. m. he hit a tree. Kennedy was not wearing a helmet or other safety equipment, some have stated that the family had been previously warned by the ski patrol to cease the activity. Others have stated that the ski patrol issued no such warnings, following the accident Kennedy was taken to Aspen Valley Hospital where he was pronounced dead at 5,50 p. m. He was interred on January 3,1998, in the plot at Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline. Kennedy family tree Kennedy Curse List of skiing deaths Michael LeMoyne Kennedy at the Internet Movie Database Michael Kennedy at Find a Grave
Michael LeMoyne Kennedy
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Life
15.
Kerry Kennedy
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Mary Kerry Kennedy is an American human rights activist and writer. She is the child and third daughter of Robert F. Kennedy. She was known as Kerry Kennedy Cuomo from 1991 until 2003 and she is the president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. She is also a niece of the late President John F. Kennedy and United States Senator Ted Kennedy, Kennedy was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Three days after her birth, her father resigned as chief counsel of the Senate Rackets Committee and her father was assassinated in 1968. She is a graduate of The Putney School and Brown University and she became president of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Human Rights in 1988 and was the Executive Director of the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial until 1995. She is the Honorary President of the Robert F. Kennedy Foundation of Europe and she is also the chair of the Amnesty International Leadership Council, and has been published in The Boston Globe, The Chicago Sun-Times, and The New York Times. Kennedy also travels the country giving speeches and presentations and calling on her audiences to stand up, Kennedy is the author of Being Catholic Now, Prominent Americans talk about Change in the Church and the Quest for Meaning. Kennedys life has been devoted to justice, to the promotion and protection of basic rights. Kennedy is the president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights and she has concentrated specifically on women’s rights, particularly honor killings, sexual slavery, domestic violence, workplace discrimination, and sexual assault. She has worked in over 60 countries and led hundreds of human rights delegations, Kennedy established RFK Center Partners for Human Rights in 1986 to ensure the protection of rights codified under the U. N. RFK Partners provides support to human rights defenders around the world. Kennedy also founded RFK Compass, which works on sustainable investing with leaders in the financial community and she started the RFK Training Institute in Florence, Italy, which offers courses of study to leading human rights defenders across the globe. This book has been translated into 6 languages, with more coming, as a special correspondent for the environmental magazine television program, Network Earth, she reported on human rights and the environment. She interviewed human rights leaders for Voice of America, Kennedy is Chair of the Amnesty International USA Leadership Council. Nominated by President Bush and confirmed by the Senate, she serves on the board of directors of the United States Institute of Peace, as well as Human Rights First, and Inter Press Service. She is a patron of the Bloody Sunday Trust and serves on the Editorial Board of Advisors of the Buffalo Human Rights Law Review. Kennedy was named Woman of the Year 2001 by Save the Children, Humanitarian of the Year Award from the South Asian Media Awards Foundation, in 2008, she received the Eleanor Roosevelt Medal of Honor and the Thomas More Award from Boston College Law School
Kerry Kennedy
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Kerry Kennedy in Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2008
Kerry Kennedy
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Life
Kerry Kennedy
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Political activities
16.
North Bethesda, Maryland
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North Bethesda is a census-designated place and an unincorporated area in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It borders the city of Rockville, as an unincorporated area four miles northwest of Washington, D. C. North Bethesdas boundaries are not officially defined, according to the United States Census Bureau, the North Bethesda CDP has a total area of 8.9 square miles. Significant through-roads in North Bethesda include Interstates 270 and 495 and Maryland State Highways 187,355, the Twinbrook, White Flint, and Grosvenor-Strathmore Washington Metro stations all serve the area, as does the Ride On bus system. That region continues to bear the name, and is the location of the headquarters of the Renewable Natural Resources Foundation. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission, a government agency that oversees nuclear regulation, major shopping centers include Congressional Plaza, Pike & Rose, Montrose Crossing, Federal Plaza, and Wintergreen Plaza. White Flint Mall, demolished in 2016, was also a shopping center. Other landmarks in the area are Walter Johnson High School, the Georgetown Preparatory School, archaeological evidence suggests that Paleo, Archaic, and Woodland Native Americans lived nearby, along the banks of the Potomac River. These peoples traveled along an ancient route known as the Seneca Trail, like many ancient roads, the Seneca Trail followed a ridge line – in this case, the high ground between the Potomac River and Rock Creek. Much later, development would spring up along this route, the recorded history of the area commences with the colonial era. Settlements formed along Rock Creek and the Seneca Trail in the 17th Century, with recorded land grants in area known originally as “Dan” and “Leeke Forest. ”In the early 19th century, much of the area was part of a 3. One of the Rileys slaves, Josiah Henson, is thought by historians to be the inspiration for Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin, in 1806, the Washington Turnpike Company was chartered to improve the old Seneca route, by then known as the Georgetown-Frederick Road. The road was opened in 1828, but had washed away by 1848. The Riley plantation house was located on road, and the plantation houses kitchen still stands near the course of this road. By the late 19th century, the area was privileged with stops along a train route, during this time, development bloomed around train and trolley stops, and a number of wealthy families, including those of Captain James Frederick Oyster and Charles I. Corby, lived or summered in the area, nonetheless, the area remained sparsely populated through the 1920s. The arrival of the automobile eventually transformed the area into a suburb of Washington. By the 1950s, the area had sprouted a number of developer-conceived neighborhoods with tract houses for the middle-class, today, the area remains largely a commuter suburb, with most residents traveling an average of 29 minutes to their workplace
North Bethesda, Maryland
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The Riley plantation house and kitchen, located in the Tilden Woods neighborhood on Old Georgetown Road
North Bethesda, Maryland
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Location of North Bethesda, Maryland
17.
Maryland
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The states largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, the state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore and the first English proprietor of the colonial grant. Maryland was the state to ratify the United States Constitution. Maryland is one of the smallest U. S. states in terms of area, as well as one of the most densely populated, Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles and is comparable in overall area with Belgium. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii, the next largest state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland. Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by Washington, D. C. which sits on land that was part of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties and including the town of Georgetown. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Close to the town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the states distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland, buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Marylands natural lakes, laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of Maryland City and adjacent to Russett. Chews Lake is a natural lake two miles south-southeast of Upper Marlboro. There are numerous lakes, the largest of them being the Deep Creek Lake. Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible, as is typical of states on the East Coast, Marylands plant life is abundant and healthy. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay, moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state
Maryland
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Western Maryland: known for its heavily forested mountains. A panoramic view of
Deep Creek Lake and the surrounding
Appalachian Mountains in
Garrett County.
Maryland
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Flag
Maryland
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Dramatic example of Maryland's
fall line, a change in rock type and elevation that creates waterfalls in many areas along the Southwest to Northeast geological boundary that crosses the state.
Great Falls, cliffs and rapids.
Maryland
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Typical freshwater river above the tidal zone. The
Patapsco River includes the famous
Thomas Viaduct and is part of the
Patapsco Valley State Park. Later, the river forms the
Inner Harbor as it empties into the
Chesapeake Bay.
18.
Catholic Theological Union
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It was founded in 1968, when three religious institutes united their separate theology programs to form one school. Its distinguished Catholic faculty also includes scholars from the Protestant, Jewish, and over the years CTU’s programs have expanded to address the intercultural needs of the Church in an increasingly global society. CTU alums now number more than 4,000 serving the Church across the United States and they work in parishes, homeless shelters, prisons, hospitals, schools, colleges and universities, gang ministry, hospices, social service organizations, and myriad other ministry settings. CTU is also home to The Bernardin Center for Theology and Ministry, in addition, CTU is home to the Biblical Study and Travel Programs, the Hesburgh Sabbatical Program, the Institute of Religious Formation, and the Summer Institute. The faculty is composed of a variety of affiliations, Catholic, Jewish, Protestant. The student body is multi-ethnic and international in composition, and graduates of the minister in a large variety of ways throughout the world. Additionally, the school has continuously accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States. The school also offers certificates in a variety of theological and ministerial areas. Finally, many of the programs are available in a distance learning format for those students in parts of the country or the world. Scholar of systematic theology John Jefferson Gros, F. S. C. scholar of Christian ecumenical studies John T. Pawlikowski, O. S. M
Catholic Theological Union
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Seal of Catholic Theological Union
19.
Knoll (company)
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Knoll, Inc is a design firm that produces office systems, seating, files and storage, tables and desks, textiles, and accessories for the office, home, and higher education settings. The company manufactures furniture for the home by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Harry Bertoia, Florence Knoll, Frank Gehry, Maya Lin, over 40 Knoll designs can be found in the permanent design collection of The Museum of Modern Art in New York City. The company was founded in New York City in 1938 by Hans Knoll, production facilities were moved to Pennsylvania in 1950. After the death of Hans in 1955, his wife Florence Knoll took over as head of the company, the company is headquartered in East Greenville, Pennsylvania and has manufacturing sites in North America and Italy. In addition, the company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and trades under the symbol, in 2011, Knoll received the National Design Award for Corporate and Institutional Achievement from the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum. Many noteworthy designers have done work for Knoll, including, Many of the product are included in museum collections, such as the Cooper-Hewitt. In 1956 the company commissioned Eero Saarinen to design the Tulip chair for production, in 1953 the company was accorded exclusive manufacturing and sales rights to Ludwig Mies van der Rohe furniture, including the Barcelona chair designed for the 1929 Barcelona Pavilion. The company holds production rights to the Wassily Chair by Marcel Breuer, in 1947 Knoll acquired exclusive U. S. production rights of the Hardoy chair by Jorge Ferrari-Hardoy. Knoll took legal action in 1950, in the end losing theír claim of copyright infringement, Knoll sponsors exhibitions, scholarships, and other activities related to Modernist architecture and design. In 2006, Knoll and the World Monuments Fund, a New York-based non-profit organization, launched Modernism at Risk, the World Monuments Fund/Knoll Modernism Prize is awarded every two years to projects that preserve Modernist architecture. The school, built between 1928 and 1930, was a project of the Bauhaus design school, the architects were Hannes Meyer, then director of the Bauhaus, and Hans Wittwer. The 2010 prize went to the founders of DOCOMOMO, Hubert-Jan Henket and Wessel de Jonge, for the restoration of a 1920s sanatorium in Zonnestraal in Hilversum, The Netherlands. The 2012 prize was given to a consortium of Japanese architects and academics for the restoration of the 1950s Hizuchi Elementary School on Shikoku island, ergoCentric Herman Miller Vitra USM Modular Furniture Lumiy Knoll Knoll International World Monuments Fund / Knoll Modernism Prize 2008 brochure
Knoll (company)
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The
Tulip chair, designed for Knoll by
Eero Saarinen in 1956
Knoll (company)
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The
Wassily Chair by
Marcel Breuer
Knoll (company)
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Many of the company's products are on permanent display at
MOMA in
NYC.
20.
Ted Kennedy
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Edward Moore Ted Kennedy was a United States Senator from Massachusetts and a member of the Democratic Party. He was the second most senior member of the Senate when he died and was the senator in United States history. Ted Kennedy was the most prominent living member of the Kennedy family for many years and he was the youngest brother of US President John F. Kennedy and Senator Robert F. Kennedy, both victims of assassination, and the father of Congressman Patrick J. Kennedy. Kennedy entered the Senate in a November 1962 special election to fill the seat held by his brother John. He was elected to a full term in 1964 and was re-elected seven more times. The Chappaquiddick incident on July 18,1969 resulted in the death of his automobile passenger, Kennedy pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident and received a two-month suspended sentence. The incident and its aftermath hindered his chances of becoming president of the United States. His one attempt, in the 1980 presidential election, resulted in a Democratic primary campaign loss to incumbent President Jimmy Carter, Kennedy was known for his oratorical skills. His 1968 eulogy for his brother Robert and his 1980 rallying cry for modern American liberalism were among his best-known speeches and he became recognized as The Lion of the Senate through his long tenure and influence. More than 300 bills that Kennedy and his staff wrote were enacted into law, during the 2000s, he led several unsuccessful immigration reform efforts. Over the course of his Senate career and continuing into the Obama administration, Kennedy continued his efforts to enact health care. In May 2008, Kennedy was hospitalized suffering a seizure and was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. He died on August 25,2009, at his Hyannis Port, by the later years of his life, he had come to be viewed as a major figure and spokesman for American progressivism. Edward Moore Kennedy was born on February 22,1932 at St. Margarets Hospital in the Dorchester section of Boston and his eight elder siblings included Joseph Jr. John, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, and Jean. John asked to be the godfather, a request his parents honored. They named him after their fathers assistant instead and his formal education started at Gibbs School, in Sloane Street, Kensington, London. He attended ten different schools by the age of eleven, with his suffering as a result. At age seven, he received his First Communion from Pope Pius XII in the Vatican and he spent sixth and seventh grades in the Fessenden School, where he was a mediocre student, and eighth grade at Cranwell Preparatory School, both schools were in Massachusetts
Ted Kennedy
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Ted Kennedy
Ted Kennedy
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John,
Robert, and Ted Kennedy, July 1960, during JFK's presidential campaign
Ted Kennedy
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First Senate campaign, 1962
Ted Kennedy
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Ted Kennedy in 1967
21.
Mark Shriver
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Shriver’s career fighting for social justice in advocacy and service organizations, as well as elected office, has focused on advancing the right of every child to a safe and vibrant childhood. Shriver married Jeanne Eileen Ripp on June 26,1992 and they have three children, Shriver was born in Washington, D. C. He is part of the Kennedy political family, since his mother was Eunice Mary Kennedy, mark Shriver has written a memoir about his father, A Good Man, Rediscovering My Father, Sargent Shriver. In 2013, Shriver won a Christopher Award for the book, in 2016, he wrote a second book, Pilgrimage, My Search for the Real Pope Francis. His sister, Maria Shriver, is a former journalist and the former First Lady of California, Shriver attended high school at the Georgetown Preparatory School, North Bethesda, Maryland. Afterward, he earned a degree from the College of the Holy Cross in 1986. Shrivers godfather is former professional tennis player Donald Dell, from 1989 to 1994, he was a member of the Maryland Juvenile Justice Advisory Council. Starting in 1991, he served on the Board of Directors of the Public Justice Center. From 1991 to 1992, he served on the Maryland Governors Task Force on Alternative Sanctions to Incarceration, from 1994 to 1995, he served on the Maryland Governors Commission on Service. In 1994, he was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates, the house of the Maryland state legislature, representing Montgomery County, Maryland, District 15. He did not seek reelection in 2002 and was succeeded in that post by Brian Feldman and he was a Founder and Executive Director of The Choice Program, an at-risk youth intervention project of the Shriver Center at University of Maryland, Baltimore County established in 1987. He then served on the Advisory Board on After-School Opportunity Programs from 1999 to 2003, from 2000 to 2001, he served on the Judith P. Hoyer Blue Ribbon Commission on Early Child Care and Education. Representative from the 8th Congressional District of Maryland, despite innovative technology measures, Shriver was defeated in the Democratic primary by Chris Van Hollen, the eventual winner. Shriver joined Save the Children in 2003, serving as Senior Vice President for U. S, in that capacity, he created and oversaw the agency’s early childhood education, literacy, health, and emergency preparedness and response programs in the United States. Shriver told The Washington Post in 2016, We’re actually engaged in elections, and we’re going to try and defeat those who aren’t. So we want to be the NRA for kids and we want to be a movement, but we want to have political juice as well. Honorary Doctorate, La Roche College,2016, honorary Doctorate, College of the Holy Cross,2010. Honorary Doctorate, Loyola College in Maryland,1994, Legislative Sponsor Award, Maryland Childrens Action Network,1999,2000,2001
Mark Shriver
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Shriver in January 2013
22.
National Journal
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It publishes daily journalism covering politics and public policy and is led by President Kevin Turpin and Editor-in-Chief Stephen G. Smith. National Journal now serves over 1,000 members from both the public and private sectors, david G. Bradley, who founded the Advisory Board Company and Corporate Executive Board, purchased National Journal and The Hotline from Times Mirror in 1997 to form the National Journal Group. Bradley also acquired Government Executive in his deal for National Journal, Bradley later consolidated the properties to form Atlantic Media. In 2005, Bradley centralized all of his publications at Atlantic Media’s headquarters in the Watergate Building in Washington, National Journal’s newest standalone product, Network Science Initiative helps members achieve their advocacy goals by identifying key influencer networks. Another standalone service provides advocacy and government affairs organizations intelligence on how their policy brand is perceived among influential policymakers, Membership packages can be customized to include Network Science Initiative, Policy Brands Roundtable, and Leadership Council individually or in any combination. National Journal Membership, National Journal Membership launched in 2011 to provide government affairs professionals with tools to support their organizations, member organizations have access to executive briefs and presentations, strategy trends and research case studies, and event programs. National Journal Hotline, Hotline is a digest of the political events relating to upcoming national elections. Published daily, Hotline condenses newspaper, magazine and digital political coverage from the previous 24 hours, Hotline Wake-Up Call releases daily coverage of the mornings political headlines, Hotline Latest Edition assembles election and campaign news across the country. Hotline reporters contribute to National Journals overall political coverage, the Almanac of American Politics, The Almanac of American Politics is a reference work that was published biennially by the National Journal Group from 1984 through 2014. In 2015, Columbia Books & Information Services became the publisher of The Almanac of American Politics, the Almanac aims to provide a detailed look at the politics of the United States through an approach of profiling individual leaders and areas of the country. Some of its best known current and former contributors have been, Official website
National Journal
–
National Journal, October 23, 2010 First issue of the relaunched magazine
23.
Arnold Schwarzenegger
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Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician and former professional bodybuilder. He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011, Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15. He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport. He is widely considered to be among the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as bodybuildings biggest icon, Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon. His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, in 1984, Schwarzenegger appeared in James Camerons science-fiction thriller film The Terminator, which was a massive critical and box-office success. Schwarzenegger subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the later installments in 1991,2003. He appeared in a number of films, such as Commando, The Running Man, Predator, Twins, Total Recall, Kindergarten Cop. In 2015, it was announced Schwarzenegger would replace Donald Trump as the host of The Celebrity Apprentice and he was nicknamed the Austrian Oak in his bodybuilding days, Arnie during his acting career, and The Governator during his political career. As a Republican, he was first elected on October 7,2003, Schwarzenegger was sworn in on November 17, to serve the remainder of Daviss term. Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his term on January 5,2007. In 2011, Schwarzenegger completed his term as governor. Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, Styria, and christened Arnold Alois and his parents were Gustav Schwarzenegger and Aurelia Schwarzenegger. He married Aurelia on October 20,1945, he was 38, according to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were very strict, Back then in Austria it was a very different world. If we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared, Schwarzenegger grew up in a Roman Catholic family who attended Mass every Sunday. Gustav had a preference for his son, Meinhard, over Arnold. His favoritism was strong and blatant, which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child, Schwarzenegger has said his father had no patience for listening or understanding your problems. He had a relationship with his mother and kept in touch with her until her death. Gustavs background received wide press attention during the 2003 California recall campaign, at school, Schwarzenegger was reportedly academically average, but stood out for his cheerful, good-humored, and exuberant character
Arnold Schwarzenegger
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Schwarzenegger in 2015
Arnold Schwarzenegger
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Schwarzenegger with President
Ronald Reagan in 1984
Arnold Schwarzenegger
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Schwarzenegger, pictured with 1987 world champion American
Karyn Marshall, presenting awards at the USA Weightlifting Hall of Fame in 2011 in
Columbus, Ohio
Arnold Schwarzenegger
–
Footprints and handprints of Arnold Schwarzenegger in front of the
Grauman's Chinese Theatre
24.
University of Illinois
–
The University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, also known as U of I, University of Illinois, UIUC, or simply Illinois, is a public research-intensive university in the U. S. state of Illinois. Founded in 1867 as a land-grant institution in the cities of Champaign and Urbana, it is the flagship campus of the University of Illinois system. In fiscal year 2015, total research expedentures at Illinois totaled $640 million, the campus library system possesses the second-largest university library in the United States after Harvard University. The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications and is home to the fastest supercomputer on a university campus, the university comprises 17 colleges that offer more than 150 programs of study. Additionally, the university operates an extension that offers programs to more than 1.5 million registrants per year around the state of Illinois. The university holds 647 buildings on 4,552 acres and its operating budget in 2016 was over $2 billion. Even though Illinois is a university, only about 12% of the budget comes from the state. Between several cities, Urbana was selected in 1867 as the site for the new school, the University opened for classes on March 2,1868, and had two faculty members and 77 students. Gregory is largely credited with establishing the University as it is today, Gregorys grave is on the Urbana campus, between Altgeld Hall and the Henry Administration Building. His headstone reads, If you seek his monument, look about you, the Library, which opened with the school in 1868, started with 1,039 volumes. Subsequently, President Edmund J. James, in a speech to the Board of Trustees in 1912 and it is now one of the worlds largest public academic collections. In 1870, the Mumford House was constructed as a farmhouse for the schools experimental farm. The Mumford House remains the oldest structure on campus, the original University Hall was the fourth building built, it stood where the Illini Union stands today. During the Presidency of Edmund J. James, James is credited for building the foundation of the large Chinese international student population on campus, on June 11,1929, the Alma Mater statue was unveiled. The Alma Mater was established by donations by the Alumni Fund, the University replaced the original university hall with Gregory Hall and the Illini Union. After World War II, the university experienced rapid growth, the enrollment doubled and the academic standing improved. This period was marked by large growth in the Graduate College and increased federal support of scientific. During the 1950s and ’60s the university experienced the turmoil common on many American campuses, among these were the water fights of the fifties and sixties
University of Illinois
–
The original University Hall, which stood until 1938, when it when it was replaced by Gregory hall and the
Illini Union. Pieces were used in the erection of Hallene Gateway dedicated in 1998
University of Illinois
–
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
University of Illinois
–
John Milton Gregory, the university's first president
University of Illinois
–
Statue on campus titled "
Alma Mater " by
Lorado Taft
25.
Michael Madigan
–
Michael J. Madigan is the speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives. Except for Solomon Blatt, Madigan is the leader of any state legislative body in the history of the United States, having held the position for all. He has been a member of the Illinois House since 1971, representing the 22nd District, Chicago Magazine named Madigan the fourth-most-powerful Chicagoan in 2012 and second in 2013 and 2014, calling him the Velvet Hammer—a. k. a. Chicagos 13th Ward surrounds Midway International Airport and includes the Clearing neighborhood on Chicagos Southwest Side, in the 1980 United States Census, the population of the 13th Ward was 61,249,95. 58% of whom were White and 57 of whom were African American. Madigans father, Michael, was a very strong Democrat, a product of the Great Depression and he carried with him very strong feelings in favor of the New Deal. Michael Flynn was the Cook County Clerk, and also the Democratic committeeman of Chicagos 13th Ward, Madigans father was a precinct captain in the 13th Ward and worked in the Cook County Clerks office, where he befriended a young Richard J. Daley. Madigan later characterized the relationship between his father and Richard J. Daley as political friends, the elder Michael Madigan later worked for 25 years as the 13th Ward superintendent for the City of Chicago Department of Streets and Sanitation. Madigan was born on April 19,1942 and was raised in the Clearing neighborhood of Chicago, Madigan graduated from Saint Adrians Elementary School, St. Ignatius College Prep on the west side of Chicago, and the University of Notre Dame. Within months, at Madigans fathers request, Mayor Daley appointed Madigan to a job with the city law department between his first and second years of law school. Madigan also met Daleys son Richard M. Daley, while both were law students, Madigans father suffered a heart attack at age 58, and a fatal heart attack at age 60, in 1966. Madigan graduated from Loyola Law School in 1967, Madigan and Neil Hartigan worked together in the city law department. Madigan and Richard M. Daley were delegates to the 1970 Illinois constitutional convention, their first elected public offices, and became good friends. In 1972, Madigan founded the law firm of Madigan and Getzendanner with Vincent J. Bud Getzendanner, Jr. a fellow Loyola law graduate. In 1976, Madigan married Shirley Murray, a law firm receptionist with a young daughter, Lisa. Madigan joined Chicago Mayor Jane Byrne in endorsing Alderman Edward M. Burke in the 1980 Democratic primary race for Cook County States Attorney, in 1986, Madigan urged Adlai Stevenson III to enter the Democratic primary for Illinois Governor. Hartigan withdrew and Stevenson prevailed in the primary and was defeated by James R. Thompson for the second time. In 1969, the 13th Ward precinct captains elected Madigan their committeeman, making him, at 27 years of age, Madigans ward organization has been called the most disciplined in Chicago. In 1998, the Illinois Democratic Partys Central Committee elected Madigan chair of the Democratic Party of Illinois, Madigan succeeded his protégé and former chief of staff, Gary LaPaille
Michael Madigan
–
Michael Madigan
26.
Gold Coast Historic District (Chicago)
–
The Gold Coast Historic District is a historic district in Chicago, Illinois. Part of Chicagos Near North Side community area, it is bounded by North Avenue, Lake Shore Drive, Oak Street. The Gold Coast neighborhood grew in the wake of the Great Chicago Fire, in 1882, millionaire Potter Palmer moved to the area from the Prairie Avenue neighborhood on the citys south side. He filled in an area which later became Lake Shore Drive, and built the Palmer Mansion. Other wealthy Chicagoans followed Potter into the neighborhood, which one of the richest in Chicago. In the late 1980s, the Gold Coast and neighboring Streeterville comprised the second most-affluent neighborhood in the United States, today, the neighborhood is a mixture of mansions, row houses, and high-rise apartments. Highlights include the Astor Street District and the James Charnley House, the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The mayors office map extends the Gold Coast south to the area of Northwestern Universitys Chicago campus, the Consulate-General of Poland in Chicago is located at 1530 North Lake Shore Drive, right next to the International Museum of Surgical Science. As of 2011, Gold Coast ranks as the 7th richest urban neighborhood in America with a household income of $153,358. Chicago Public Schools operates public schools serving the community, Ogden International School of Chicago has its East Campus, which houses elementary school, in the Gold Coast. Residents of the Gold Coast are zoned to Ogden School for grades K-8, while for high school they are zoned to Lincoln Park High School
Gold Coast Historic District (Chicago)
–
Gold Coast Historic District
Gold Coast Historic District (Chicago)
Gold Coast Historic District (Chicago)
Gold Coast Historic District (Chicago)
27.
Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau
–
In 2016, Chicago, Illinois set a visitation record of 54.1 million visitors, a 2.9 percent increase from 2015. The prior record, set just the year before in 2015, estimated 50.1 million visitors, which was a 4.5 percent increase from 2014. From 2010 through 2014, the tourism and hospitality industries have added 9,800 jobs, generating $13.7 billion in spending by visitors. Major conventions are held at McCormick Place, the historic Chicago Cultural Center serves as the citys Visitor Information Center. Tourists will find sites of interest in Grant Park which contains Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain, Millennium Parks Cloud Gate sculpture and fountains two towers incorporate LED facial images. Events such as the Grant Park Music Festival take place in the city, Chicago performing arts venues include the Harris Theater for Music and Dance and the Chicago Opera Theater. Navy Pier, east of Streeterville, contains retail, restaurants, museums, exhibition halls and its 15 story Ferris wheel is among the most visited landmarks with about 8 million visitors each year. The citys Museum Campus, holds, the Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum, the Field Museum of Natural History, the Museum Campus accesses the Art Institute of Chicago in Grant Park. The Museum of Science and Industry is also a leading attraction, about one-third of Chicagos tourists enjoy the citys entertainment venues including McCormick Place and the Chicago Theatre. Choose Chicago is the official organization for the city. In January 2012, Mayor Emanuel launched Chicagos new tourism organization, the Mayors vision was to restructure all tourism sales and marketing activities under a single, streamlined agency, and outline clear and measurable objectives to track these efforts. It handles convention sales for McCormick Place and Navy Pier, the former Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau was founded in 1970 with the merger of the Chicago Convention and Visitors Bureau and the Tourism Council of Greater Chicago. The Chicago North Shore Convention and Visitors Bureau serves Evanston, Glenview, Northbrook, the offices of the CNSCVB are located in downtown Skokie, Illinois. The Chicago Southland Convention & Visitors Bureau serves the 62 south and their office is in Lansing, Illinois
Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau
–
Montrose Beach in Chicago
Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau
–
Choose Chicago
Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau
–
Old
Navy Pier
Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau
–
The
Magnificent Mile shopping, restaurants, and the landmark
Chicago Water Tower
28.
Tourism
–
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business, also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the travellers country, Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a countrys balance of payments. Today, tourism is a source of income for many countries. International tourism receipts grew to US$1.03 trillion in 2011, the ITB Berlin is the worlds leading tourism trade fair. The word tourist was used by 1772 and tourism by 1811. It is formed from the tour, which is derived from Old English turian, from Old French torner, from Latin tornare, to turn on a lathe. Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many regions and it also creates opportunities for employment in the service sector of the economy associated with tourism. This is in addition to goods bought by tourists, including souvenirs, in 1936, the League of Nations defined a foreign tourist as someone traveling abroad for at least twenty-four hours. Its successor, the United Nations, amended this definition in 1945 and it includes movements for all purposes. In 1981, the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of particular activities chosen and undertaken outside the home, in this context, travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively, to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations visited, by contrast, traveler is often used as a sign of distinction. The sociology of tourism has studied the values underpinning these distinctions. International tourist arrivals reached 1.035 billion in 2012, up from over 996 million in 2011, the World Tourism Organization reports the following ten destinations as the most visited in terms of the number of international travellers in 2016. International tourism receipts grew to US$1.2 trillion in 2014, based upon air traffic, the MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index reports the following cities as the top ten most popular destinations of international tourism worldwide. MasterCard reports the following cities as the top ten biggest earners on international tourism worldwide in 2015, as early as Shulgi, however, kings praised themselves for protecting roads and building waystations for travelers. During the Roman Republic, spas and coastal resorts such as Baiae were popular among the rich, pausanias wrote his Description of Greece in the 2nd century AD. In ancient China, nobles sometimes made a point of visiting Mount Tai and, on occasion, the Islamic hajj is still central to its faith and Chaucers Canterbury Tales and Wu Chengens Journey to the West remain classics of English and Chinese literature. The 10th- to 13th-century Song dynasty also saw secular travel writers such as Su Shi, under the Ming, Xu Xiake continued the practice
Tourism
–
A tourist taking photographs and video at archaeological site
Tourism
–
Backpacking tourists in Vienna
Tourism
–
1922 postcard of tourists in the
High Tatras,
Slovakia.
Tourism
–
Strandkorb chairs on
Usedom Island, Germany. Not only the service sector grows thanks to tourism, but also local
manufacturers (like those producing the strandkorb),
retailers, the
real estate sector and the general
image of a location can benefit a lot.
29.
Convention (meeting)
–
A convention, in the sense of a meeting, is a gathering of individuals who meet at an arranged place and time in order to discuss or engage in some common interest. The most common conventions are based upon industry, profession, professional conventions focus on issues of concern to the profession and advancements in the profession. Such conventions are organized by societies or communities dedicated to promotion of the topic of interest. Fan conventions usually feature displays, shows, and sales based on pop culture, science fiction conventions traditionally partake of the nature of both professional conventions and fan conventions, with the balance varying from one to another. Conventions also exist for various hobbies, such as gaming or model railroads, Conventions are often planned and coordinated, often in exacting detail, by professional meeting and convention planners, either by staff of the conventions hosting company or by outside specialists. Most large cities will have a center dedicated to hosting such events. The term MICE—meetings Incentives Conventions and Exhibitions—is widely used in Asia as a description of the industry, the Convention is one of the most dynamic elements in the M. I. C. E. The industry is regulated under the tourism sector. In the technical sense, a convention is a meeting of delegates or representatives, the 1947 Newfoundland National Convention is a classic example of a state-sponsored political convention. This also applies to a convention, though in modern times the common issues are limited to selecting a party candidate or party chairman. In this technical sense, a congress, when it consists of representatives, is a convention, the British House of Commons is a convention, as are most other houses of a modern representative legislature. The National Convention or just Convention in France comprised the constitutional, the governing bodies of religious groups may also be called conventions, such as the General Convention of the Episcopal Church USA and the Southern Baptist Convention. Many sovereign states have provisions for conventions besides their permanent legislature and this process has never occurred, save for the original drafting of the constitution, although it almost happened in several cases. The US Constitution also has provisions for amendments to be approved by state conventions of the people. This occurred to ratify the constitution and to adopt the twenty-first amendment. Con is an abbreviation for convention, and some conventions use it in their names. When two or more conventions are held at the place and time they are co-located. Co-located conventions are usually in related industries, academic conference Annual general meeting Business travel Caucus Convention center Delegate Event planning Forum Summit Symposium Seminar Workshop Event Convention Congress
Convention (meeting)
–
Metro Toronto Convention Centre, late 2004
30.
Cook County, Illinois
–
Cook County is a county in the U. S. state of Illinois. It is the second-most populous county in the United States after Los Angeles County, as of 2015, the population was 5,238,216. Its county seat is Chicago, the largest city in Illinois, more than 40% of all residents of Illinois live in Cook County. Cook Countys population is larger than that of 29 individual U. S. states, there are 135 incorporated municipalities partially or wholly within Cook County, the largest of which is Chicago, which is home to approximately 54% of the population of the county. That part of the county which lies outside of the Chicago city limits is divided into 29 townships, geographically, the county is the sixth-largest in Illinois by land area. It shares the states Lake Michigan shoreline with Lake County, including its lake area, the county has a total area of 1,635 square miles, the largest county in Illinois, of which 945 square miles is land and 690 square miles is water. Land-use in Cook County is mainly urban and densely populated, Cook County is included in the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is surrounded by what are known as the five collar counties, Cook County was created on January 15,1831, out of Putnam County by an act of the Illinois General Assembly. It was the 54th county established in Illinois and was named after Daniel Cook and he served as the second U. S. Representative from Illinois and the states first Attorney General, in 1839, DuPage County was carved out of Cook County. Cook County is the home rule county in Illinois. The Cook County Code is the codification of Cook Countys local ordinances, Cook Countys current County Board president is Toni Preckwinkle. The Circuit Court of Cook County, which is a State agency funded, in part, by Cook County, the Cook County Department of Corrections, also known as the Cook County Jail, is the largest single-site jail in the nation. The Cook County Juvenile Detention Center, under the authority of the Chief Judge of the State court, is the first juvenile center in the nation, the Cook County Law Library is the second-largest county law library in the nation. In the 1980s, Cook County was ground zero to an extensive FBI investigation called Operation Greylord, ninety-two officials were indicted, including 17 judges,48 lawyers,8 policemen,10 deputy sheriffs,8 court officials, and a state legislator. The Bureau of Health Services administers the public health services and is the third-largest public health system in the nation. Three hospitals are part of system, John H. Stroger. Hospital of Cook County, Provident Hospital, and Oak Forest Hospital of Cook County, the Cook County Department of Transportation is responsible for the design and maintenance of roadways in the county
Cook County, Illinois
–
The century-old,
neoclassical County and City Hall building (left) in the
Chicago Loop houses the County Board chambers and administrative offices
Cook County, Illinois
Cook County, Illinois
–
Major city
31.
Human rights
–
Human rights are moral principles or norms, which describe certain standards of human behaviour, and are regularly protected as legal rights in municipal and international law. They are applicable everywhere and at time in the sense of being universal. They require empathy and the rule of law and impose an obligation on persons to respect the rights of others. They should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on circumstances, for example, human rights may include freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture. The doctrine of human rights has been influential within international law. Actions by states and non-governmental organizations form a basis of public policy worldwide, the idea of human rights suggests that if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights. The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content, nature, ancient peoples did not have the same modern-day conception of universal human rights. Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the family is the foundation of freedom. All human beings are free and equal in dignity and rights. According to Jack Donnelly, in the ancient world, traditional societies typically have had elaborate systems of duties, conceptions of justice, political legitimacy, and human flourishing that sought to realize human dignity, flourishing, or well-being entirely independent of human rights. These institutions and practices are alternative to, rather than different formulations of, one theory is that human rights were developed during the early Modern period, alongside the European secularization of Judeo-Christian ethics. The most commonly held view is that the concept of human rights evolved in the West, for example, McIntyre argues there is no word for right in any language before 1400. One of the oldest records of rights is the statute of Kalisz, giving privileges to the Jewish minority in the Kingdom of Poland such as protection from discrimination. Samuel Moyn suggests that the concept of rights is intertwined with the modern sense of citizenship. The earliest conceptualization of human rights is credited to ideas about natural rights emanating from natural law, in particular, the issue of universal rights was introduced by the examination of extending rights to indigenous peoples by Spanish clerics, such as Francisco de Vitoria and Bartolomé de Las Casas. In Britain in 1689, the English Bill of Rights and the Scottish Claim of Right each made illegal a range of oppressive governmental actions, additionally, the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776 encoded into law a number of fundamental civil rights and civil freedoms. These were followed by developments in philosophy of human rights by philosophers such as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill, hegel during the 18th and 19th centuries. Although the term had been used by at least one author as early as 1742, in the 19th century, human rights became a central concern over the issue of slavery
Human rights
–
The
Cyrus Cylinder, created by king
Cyrus the Great, is sometimes argued to be the world's first charter of human rights.
Human rights
–
The Bill of Rights (1688 or 1689)
Human rights
–
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen approved by the
National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789.
Human rights
–
The
UN General Assembly
32.
Dominican University (Illinois)
–
Dominican University is a coeducational, comprehensive, Catholic institution of higher education and research in River Forest, Illinois. Affiliated with the Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters, it offers bachelors and masters degrees and certificate programs as well as a PhD in library, Dominican also has a School of Professional and Continuing Studies. Dominican is well known for its offerings of undergraduate programs in the arts and sciences as well as graduate programs in practice-oriented disciplines such as business. US News and World Report ranks Dominican in the top tier of Midwestern masters-level universities, the school began as St. Clara College in 1848, chartered by Fr. Samuel Charles Mazzuchelli, O. P. in Sinsinawa, Wisconsin and it became a college in 1901 and moved to River Forest, Illinois, taking the name Rosary College in 1922 while under the leadership of Mother Samuel Coughlin of the Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters. Trinity High School was founded as the department of the college before moving to its own campus nearby in 1926 and is still run by the order. The school became coeducational in 1970, Dominican University offers more than 40 undergraduate majors, and several pre-professional programs. There is a twelve to one student faculty ratio at this University, Dominican Universitys School of Information Studies offers the Master of Library and Information Science and the Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Science. The publication of World Libraries is coordinated by students studying internet publishing, in the Fall of 2014, the university introduced a new Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree program. A new clinical simulation laboratory was designed and built specifically for the program, Dominican University is located on a 30-acre wooded campus in suburban River Forest and just ten miles from downtown Chicago. The Rebecca Crown Library has 300,000 materials in various formats, there are five residence halls at Dominican University, Aquinas Hall, Coughlin Hall, Sister Jean Murray Hall, Mazzuchelli and Power Hall. More than 30% of all live on campus. Most incoming first-year students live in rooms in Murray or Coughlin halls. Murray is the newest residence hall, which opened in 2004, in 2007, Dominican University began a new building designed to incorporate the universitys gothic identity. This $38 million facility is used for science and education classes and this building follows the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design criteria to minimize environmental impact. This building joins Murray Hall, a hall, and a 550-car parking pavilion among recent campus additions. Dominican has a variety of organizations for students. They include cultural groups, department clubs, honor societies, Dominican University teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Associations Division III since 2000
Dominican University (Illinois)
–
Entrance gate to Dominican University
Dominican University (Illinois)
–
View of the "Old Library" and Chapel
Dominican University (Illinois)
–
View of the Dominican University quad
Dominican University (Illinois)
–
Parmer Hall
33.
Wolf Point, Chicago
–
Wolf Point is the location at the confluence of the North, South and Main Branches of the Chicago River in the present day Near North Side, Loop, and Near West Side community areas of Chicago. This fork in the river is important in the development of early Chicago. This was the location of Chicagos first three taverns, its first hotel, Sauganash Hotel, its first ferry, its first drug store, its first church, and the first bridges across the Chicago River. The name is said to derive from a Native American Chief whose name translated to wolf. Historically, the west bank of the river at the fork was called Wolf Point, but in the 1820s and 1830s it came to denote the entire area, the origin of the name, Wolf Point, is unknown. In her 1856 memoir Wau-Bun, Juliette Kinzie states that the place was then called Wolf Point, from its having been the residence of an Indian named Moa-way, the first non-indigenous settler at Wolf Point may have been a trader named Guarie. Hubbard wrote that De Champs had shown him evidence of a trading house, james Kinzie, the son of early settler John Kinzie, built a tavern on the west bank of the river at Wolf Point in 1828. By 1829 this tavern was operated for Kinzie by Archibald Caldwell who was granted a license on December 8 of that year. Caldwell left Chicago early in 1830 and Elijah Wentworth became the landlord of the tavern and he was in turn succeeded by Charles Taylor and William Walters. The tavern became known as the Wolf Point Tavern or Wolf Tavern, in about 1829, Samuel Miller and his brother John opened a store on the north bank of the river at the forks. In 1830, they enlarged their store and began to operate it as a tavern in competition with the Wolf Point Tavern, on June 2,1829 Samuel Miller and Archibald Clybourn had been authorized to operate the first ferry across the Chicago River. Clybourn was the man, crossing the North Branch of the river between Millers tavern and the Wolf Point Tavern. In 1831 John Miller built a log house near his brothers tavern that he used as a tannery, Samuel Miller sold the tavern and moved away following the death of his wife in 1832. Mark Beaubien opened the Eagle Exchange Tavern in a log cabin on the bank in 1829. In 1831 Beaubien added an addition and opened the Sauganash Hotel. Immediately adjacent to the public bar was Chicagos first drug store. Beaubien left the Sauganash Hotel in 1834, but the hotel continued in operation until it was destroyed by a fire in 1851. The site of the Sauganash Hotel was redeveloped as the Wigwam in 1860, james Kinzie built the Green Tree Tavern at the northeastern corner of Canal and Lake Streets in 1833
Wolf Point, Chicago
–
Map depicting Wolf Point (area owned by the Kennedy family in black, with approximate area of the historical Wolf Point settlement in red)
Wolf Point, Chicago
–
View of Wolf Point from the south in the
Chicago Loop
Wolf Point, Chicago
–
View of Wolf Point from the south as it might have appeared in 1830 (published in 1884); the Wolf Point Tavern is on the left, the Miller Tavern is on the right
Wolf Point, Chicago
–
Wolf Point from a similar viewpoint in 2009; among the buildings and structures shown are (left to right) Left Bank at K Station (300 North Canal), 333 North Canal,
Kinzie Street railroad bridge,
350 West Mart Center,
Merchandise Mart,
300 North LaSalle,
Franklin Street Bridge and part of
333 Wacker Drive
34.
Sudbury Center Historic District
–
The Sudbury Center Historic District is a historic district on Concord and Old Sudbury Roads in Sudbury, Massachusetts. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, in 1976, it included 80 buildings over 193.6 acres. The Hosmer House, standing at the corner of Concord and Old Sudbury Roads is a residence of the early 19th century. It includes representations of Mid 19th Century Revival, Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals, on April 19,1775, the towns Minutemen mustered at First Parish, known at the time as the West Side meetinghouse. The company, led by Captain John Nixon, fought at the Battles of Lexington, National Register of Historic Places listings in Middlesex County, Massachusetts Sudburys Historic Districts The History of the Meetinghouse
Sudbury Center Historic District
–
Sudbury Center Historic District
Sudbury Center Historic District
–
Map of center from 1856
Sudbury Center Historic District
–
Sudbury Town Center In 1889
35.
Sudbury, Massachusetts
–
Sudbury is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2010 census, it had a population of 17,659, the town, located in Bostons MetroWest, has a rich colonial history. The town was incorporated in 1639, at that time, the boundaries of Sudbury included all what is now of Wayland, and parts of Framingham, Marlborough, Stow and Maynard. The Sudbury Center Historic District has changed little since 1800, Sudbury also contributed the most militia during King Philips War and was the site of a native raid. Ephraim Curtis was a leader of the militia of West Sudbury. Sudbury militia participated in the Battle of Lexington and Concord, in 1775, one of Sudburys historic landmarks, the Wayside Inn, claims to be the countrys oldest operating inn, built and run by the Howe family for many generations. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote Tales of a Wayside Inn, a book of published in 1863. In the book, the poem The Landlords Tale was the source of the immortal phrase listen my children and you shall hear, of the midnight ride of Paul Revere. Henry Ford bought the inn in 1923, restored it and donated it to a foundation which continues to run it as an operating inn to this day. Ford also built a school on the property, as well as a grist mill. He brought in the Redstone Schoolhouse from Sterling, which was reputed to be the school in Sarah Josepha Hales nursery rhyme Mary Had a Little Lamb. However, Giuseppi Cavicchios refusal to sell his water rights scuttled Henry Fords plans to build an auto parts factory at the site of Charles O. Parmenters mill in South Sudbury. In August 1925, a Sudbury farm was the scene of a riot between local members of the Ku Klux Klan and Irish-American youths from the area, five people were wounded by gunshots, and the State Police arrested over 100 Klansmen. Massachusetts officials cracked down on the groups meetings thereafter, and the Klan died out in the area, in the period after World War II, Sudbury experienced rapid growth in population and industry. Defense contractor Raytheon became a major employer after opening a research facility in Sudbury in 1958. Another major employer in that period was Sperry Rand, in the 1970s, the town was home to many of the engineers working in the minicomputer revolution at Digital Equipment Corporation in nearby Maynard. Sudbury was also one of the largest carnation-growing towns, with many greenhouse operations, commercial growth was restricted to the towns main thoroughfare, US Route 20, and significant tracts of open space—including much wetland—were preserved in the northern half of town. As subdivisions of homes continued to be constructed well into the 1990s
Sudbury, Massachusetts
–
Wayside Inn
Sudbury, Massachusetts
–
An antique granite road marker along
Route 27 in the town's center
Sudbury, Massachusetts
–
Sudbury in 1856
Sudbury, Massachusetts
–
Sudbury's First Parish Church
36.
The Economist
–
The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London. Continuous publication began under its founder, James Wilson, in September 1843, in 2015 its average weekly circulation was a little over 1.5 million, about half of which were sold in the United States. The publication belongs to the Economist Group and it is 50% owned by the English branch of the Rothschild family and by the Agnelli family through its holding company Exor. The remaining 50% is held by investors including the editors. The Rothschilds and the Agnellis are represented on the board of directors, a board of trustees formally appoints the editor, who cannot be removed without its permission. Although The Economist has an emphasis and scope, about two-thirds of the 75 staff journalists are based in the London borough of Westminster. For the year to March 2016 the Economist Group declared operating profit of £61m, previous major shareholders include Pearson PLC. The Economist takes a stance of classical and economic liberalism which is supportive of free trade, globalisation, free immigration. The publication has described itself as a product of the Caledonian liberalism of Adam Smith and it targets highly educated readers and claims an audience containing many influential executives and policy-makers. The publications CEO described this recent global change, which was first noticed in the 1990s and accelerated in the beginning of the 21st century, on the contents page of each issue, The Economists mission statement is written in italics. The Economist was founded by the British businessman and banker James Wilson in 1843, to advance the repeal of the Corn Laws, articles relating to some practical, commercial, agricultural, or foreign topic of passing interest, such as foreign treaties. An article on the principles of political economy, applied to practical experience, covering the laws related to prices, wages, rent, exchange, revenue. Parliamentary reports, with focus on commerce, agriculture and free trade. Reports and accounts of popular movements advocating free trade, general news from the Court of St. Jamess, the Metropolis, the Provinces, Scotland, and Ireland. Law reports, confined chiefly to areas important to commerce, manufacturing, books, confined chiefly, but not so exclusively, to commerce, manufacturing, and agriculture, and including all treatises on political economy, finance, or taxation. A commercial gazette, with prices and statistics of the week, correspondence and inquiries from the news magazines readers. It has long respected as one of the most competent. Its logo was designed in 1959 by Reynolds Stone, in January 2012 The Economist launched a new weekly section devoted exclusively to China, the first new country section since the introduction of a section about the United States in 1942
The Economist
–
Walter Bagehot, one of the early Editors of The Economist
The Economist
–
Front page of The Economist, on 16 May 1846
The Economist
–
The Economist Building, St James's Street, by
Alison and Peter Smithson
37.
The New York Times
–
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
The New York Times
–
Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on
Operation Pillar of Defense.
The New York Times
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First published issue of New-York Daily Times, on September 18, 1851.
The New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ' publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
The New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942
38.
Chicago Tribune
–
The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by tronc, Inc. formerly Tribune Publishing. The Tribune was founded by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, forrest, publishing its first edition on June 10,1847. The paper saw numerous changes in ownership and editorship over the eight years. Initially, the Tribune was not politically affiliated but tended to either the Whig or Free Soil parties against the Democrats in elections. By late 1853, it was frequently running xenophobic editorials that criticized foreigners, about this time it also became a strong proponent of temperance. Ray became editor-in-chief, Medill became the editor, and Alfred Cowles, Sr. brother of Edwin Cowles. Each purchased one third of the Tribune, under their leadership the Tribune distanced itself from the Know Nothings and became the main Chicago organ of the Republican Party. However, the continued to print anti-Catholic and anti-Irish editorials. Between 1858 and 1860, the paper was known as the Chicago Press & Tribune, on October 25,1860, it became the Chicago Daily Tribune. Before and during the American Civil War, the new editors pushed an abolitionist agenda and strongly supported Abraham Lincoln, the paper remained a force in Republican politics for years afterwards. In 1861, the Tribune published new lyrics for the song John Browns Body by William W. Patton, Medill served as mayor of Chicago for one term after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Under the 20th-century editorship of Colonel Robert R. Joseph McCarthy, when McCormick assumed the position of co-editor in 1910, the Tribune was the third-best-selling paper among Chicagos eight dailies, with a circulation of only 188,000. At the same time, the Tribune competed with the Hearst paper, by 1914, the cousins succeeded in forcing out Managing Editor William Keeley. By 1918, the Examiner was forced to merge with the Chicago Herald, in 1919, Patterson left the Tribune and moved to New York to launch his own newspaper, the New York Daily News. In a renewed war with Hearsts Herald-Examiner, McCormick and Hearst ran rival lotteries in 1922. The Tribune won the battle, adding 250,000 readers to its ranks, also in 1922, the Chicago Tribune hosted an international design competition for its new headquarters, the Tribune Tower. The competition worked brilliantly as a publicity stunt, and more than 260 entries were received, the winner was a neo-Gothic design by New York architects John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood. The newspaper sponsored an attempt at Arctic aviation in 1929
Chicago Tribune
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An 1870 advertisement for Chicago Tribune subscriptions.
Chicago Tribune
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The lead editorial in the first issue the Chicago Tribune published after the
Great Chicago Fire
Chicago Tribune
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Truman was widely expected to lose the 1948 election and the Chicago Tribune ran the incorrect headline, "
Dewey Defeats Truman ".
Chicago Tribune
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Tribune Tower,
Hood & Howells, architects, opened 1925
39.
Associated Press
–
The Associated Press is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States, all of which stories to the AP. Most of the AP staff are members and are represented by the Newspaper Guild, which operates under the Communications Workers of America. As of 2007, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television, the photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries and it also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, as part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP employs the inverted pyramid formula for writing that enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the storys essentials. Cutbacks at rival United Press International in 1993 left the AP as the United States primary news service, although UPI still produces and distributes stories and photos daily. Other English-language news services, such as the BBC, Reuters, some historians believe that the Tribune joined at this time, documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member shortly after its founding in September 1851, initially known as the New York Associated Press, the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press, which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, when the AP was founded, news became a salable commodity. The invention of the press allowed the New York Tribune in the 1870s to print 18,000 papers per hour. During the Civil War and Spanish–American War, there was a new incentive to print vivid, Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP General Manager from 1893 to 1921. He embraced the standards of accuracy, impartiality, and integrity, the cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and, the Middle East. He introduced the telegraph typewriter or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914, in 1935, AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave AP a major advantage over other media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually AP had its network across the whole United States, in 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival United Press International, AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations, it created its own radio network in 1974
Associated Press
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The AP headquarters in October 2008, located at
450 West 33rd Street, in
New York City.
Associated Press
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Associated Press
Associated Press
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Logo on the former AP Building in New York City
Associated Press
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The APTN Building in London
40.
Daily Illini
–
The Daily Illini, commonly known as the DI, is a student-run newspaper that has been published for the community of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign since 1871. Weekday circulation during fall and spring semesters is 20,000, the paper is published by Illini Media Company, a not-for-profit corporation which also prints other U of I publications, and also and operates WPGU107.1 FM, a student-run commercial radio station. While the IMC has no ties to the university, university professors and others in the academic community serve on its board of directors. The newspapers staff has both professionals and amateur students. The paper is printed as a broadsheet, but downsizes during the months as a tabloid. The editorial, business and production departments are staffed by students who are enrolled in a variety of degree programs. Several full-time professionals, including the publisher and the advertising. Some students are paid for their jobs in reporting, editing, production and advertising, the Daily Illini staff completely changes once per year, known as turnover in the DI offices. Turnover means the current group of editors finish their tenure at the DI in their current editing position, the new editor-in-chief is chosen by some members of the IMC, and then the editor-in-chief chooses all of the other editors that will work under him/her. At the beginning of fall and spring semester, the DI hires new reporters. All University of Illinois students, regardless of major, are encouraged to apply, the DI regularly receives awards such as the Columbia Scholastic Press Association Gold and Silver Crowns and the Associated College Press Pacemaker Award. In February 2010, The Daily Illini was awarded the General Excellence award by the Illinois Collegiate Press Association and their Web site, www. dailyillini. com has been named the best college newspaper Web site in the state for the past four years. The newspapers offices are located on Green Street in Champaign. In May 2006, the newspaper, along with the other IMC entities, in doing so, the company consolidated the offices of WPGU, which had been in a separate location, with the offices of the rest of the IMC entities. Jenner, Jr. columnist Robert Novak, Coast to Coast Live radio host Ian Punnett, advice columnist Dan Savage, film critic Gene Shalit, the editors responded by defending their right to publish it. Critics noted that the publishing of this letter was not surprising to them after The Daily Illinis history of publishing articles that appeared to be anti-Semitic. Previous letters published in The Daily Illini have accused Israel of being guilty of genocide, moreover, while The Daily Illini apologized when it published a photo thought to be demeaning to black students, it refused to apologize for publishing a letter claiming that Jews manipulate America. In December 2003, the published an article by Miriam Sobh called Stop Turning a Blind Eye that contained a quote attributed to Ariel Sharon that was fabricated
Daily Illini
41.
Wayback Machine
–
The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
Wayback Machine
–
Wayback Machine
42.
Cuban Missile Crisis
–
The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. An agreement was reached during a meeting between Khrushchev and Fidel Castro in July 1962 and construction of a number of missile launch facilities started later that summer. The 1962 midterm elections were under way in the United States and these missile preparations were confirmed when an Air Force U-2 spy plane produced clear photographic evidence of medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic missile facilities. The United States established a blockade to prevent further missiles from reaching Cuba. It announced that they would not permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba, after a long period of tense negotiations, an agreement was reached between U. S. President John F. Kennedy and Khrushchev. Secretly, the United States also agreed that it would dismantle all U. S. -built Jupiter MRBMs, when all offensive missiles and Ilyushin Il-28 light bombers had been withdrawn from Cuba, the blockade was formally ended on November 20,1962. The negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union pointed out the necessity of a quick, clear, as a result, the Moscow–Washington hotline was established. A series of sharply reduced U. S. –Soviet tensions during the following years. The United States had been embarrassed publicly by the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion in April 1961, afterward, former President Eisenhower told Kennedy that the failure of the Bay of Pigs will embolden the Soviets to do something that they would otherwise not do. U. S. covert operations against Cuba continued in 1961 with the similarly unsuccessful Operation Mongoose, in addition, Khrushchevs impression of Kennedys weakness was confirmed by the Presidents response during the Berlin Crisis of 1961, particularly to the building of the Berlin Wall. He also told his son Sergei that on Cuba, Kennedy would make a fuss, make more of a fuss, CIA agents or pathfinders from the Special Activities Division were to be infiltrated into Cuba to carry out sabotage and organization, including radio broadcasts. When Kennedy ran for president in 1960, one of his key election issues was a missile gap with the Soviets leading. In fact, the U. S. led the Soviets by a margin that would only increase. In 1961, the Soviets had only four intercontinental ballistic missiles, by October 1962, they may have had a few dozen, with some intelligence estimates as high as 75. The U. S. on the hand, had 170 ICBMs and was quickly building more. It also had eight George Washington– and Ethan Allen–class ballistic missile submarines with the capability to launch 16 Polaris missiles each, the Soviet Union did have medium-range ballistic missiles in quantity, about 700 of them, however, these were very unreliable and inaccurate. The U. S. had an advantage in total number of nuclear warheads at the time. The U. S. also led in missile defensive capabilities, naval and air power, Khrushchev faced a strategic situation where the U. S. was perceived to have a splendid first strike capability that put the Soviet Union at a huge disadvantage
Cuban Missile Crisis
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Soviet R-12 intermediate-range nuclear ballistic missile (NATO designation SS-4) in Moscow
Cuban Missile Crisis
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Fidel Castro embracing Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, 1961
Cuban Missile Crisis
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More than 100 US-built missiles having the capability to strike Moscow with nuclear warheads were
deployed in Italy and Turkey in 1961.
Cuban Missile Crisis
–
A U-2 reconnaissance photograph of Cuba, showing Soviet nuclear missiles, their transports and tents for fueling and maintenance.
43.
Freedom Riders
–
The Southern states had ignored the rulings and the federal government did nothing to enforce them. The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D. C. on May 4,1961, Boynton outlawed racial segregation in the restaurants and waiting rooms in terminals serving buses that crossed state lines. The ICC failed to enforce its ruling, and Jim Crow travel laws remained in force throughout the South, the Freedom Riders challenged this status quo by riding interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating. The Freedom Rides, and the violent reactions they provoked, bolstered the credibility of the American Civil Rights Movement and they called national attention to the disregard for the federal law and the local violence used to enforce segregation in the southern United States. The Congress of Racial Equality sponsored most of the subsequent Freedom Rides, the Supreme Courts decision in Boynton supported the right of interstate travelers to disregard local segregation ordinances. Southern local and state police considered the actions of the Freedom Riders to be criminal, in some localities, such as Birmingham, Alabama, the police cooperated with Ku Klux Klan chapters and other white people opposing the actions and allowed mobs to attack the riders. Like the Freedom Rides of 1961, the Journey of Reconciliation was intended to test an earlier Supreme Court ruling that banned discrimination in interstate travel. The first Freedom Ride began on May 4,1961, led by CORE Director James Farmer,13 riders left Washington, DC, on Greyhound and Trailways buses. Their plan was to ride through Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, ending in New Orleans, Louisiana, most of the Riders were from CORE, and two were from SNCC. Many were in their 40s and 50s, some were as young as 18. The rest of the team would sit scattered throughout the rest of the bus, one rider would abide by the Souths segregation rules in order to avoid arrest and to contact CORE and arrange bail for those who were arrested. Only minor trouble was encountered in Virginia and North Carolina, but John Lewis was attacked in Rock Hill, some of the Riders were arrested in Charlotte, North Carolina, Winnsboro, South Carolina, and Jackson, Mississippi. The Birmingham, Alabama, Police Commissioner, Bull Connor, together with Police Sergeant Tom Cook, the pair made plans to bring the Ride to an end in Alabama. They assured Gary Thomas Rowe, an FBI informer and member of Eastview Klavern #13, the plan was to allow an initial assault in Anniston with a final assault taking place in Birmingham. On May 14, Mothers Day, in Anniston, a mob of Klansmen, some still in church attire, the driver tried to leave the station, but was blocked until KKK members slashed its tires. The mob forced the bus to stop several miles outside of town. As the bus burned, the mob held the doors shut, sources disagree, but either an exploding fuel tank or an undercover state investigator brandishing a revolver caused the mob to retreat, and the riders escaped the bus. The mob beat the riders after they got out, Only warning shots fired into the air by highway patrolmen prevented the riders from being lynched
Freedom Riders
–
Freedom Rider plaque in Birmingham
Freedom Riders
–
Some freedom riders were incarcerated in the
Mississippi State Penitentiary
44.
Kennedy Compound
–
The Kennedy Compound consists of three houses on six acres of waterfront property on Cape Cod along Nantucket Sound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, United States. It was once the home of American businessman and political figure Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. his wife Rose and their youngest son, Senator Ted Kennedy, lived in his parents house, and it was his main residence from 1982 to 2009. He died of cancer at the compound in August 2009. Ted Kennedy also bought President Kennedys house from his daughter, Caroline Kennedy and this house now belongs to Ted Kennedy, Jr. President Kennedy used the compound as a base for his successful 1960 U. S, presidential campaign and later as a summer White House and presidential retreat until his assassination in November 1963. In 2012, the house was donated to the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate. In 1926 Joseph P. Kennedy rented a cottage at 50 Marchant Avenue in Hyannis Port. Two years later, he purchased the structure, which had erected in 1904. In and around this house, their nine children spent their summers, acquiring a lifelong interest in sailing, in 1956, Jack bought a smaller home of his own at 111 Irving Avenue, not far from his fathers home. Subsequently, Ted acquired the residence at 28 Marchant Avenue adjacent to the two in 1959 and sold it to Bobby and his wife Ethel in 1961. Edward lived in the compound until his death, all three buildings are white-frame clapboard structures typical of vacation residences on Cape Cod. Except for specific occasions at the Main House, the buildings are not available for public visitation, joes home, the Main House and the largest of the three, is surrounded by well-tended lawns and gardens and it commands sweeping views of the ocean from its long porches. On the second floor are six bedrooms, a room, packing room. The house has a full attic, the basement contains a motion-picture theater and a hall covered with dolls from all around the world. A wine cellar designed after a hull and a sipping room – one of the Kennedy familys favorite hideouts. It is considered the place that Ted coined the well-known toast There are good ships, and there are wood ships, but the best ships are friendships, and may they always be. The house has changed little, either structurally or in furnishings, in 2012, the main house was donated by the Kennedy family to the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate. On the grounds are a swimming pool, tennis court, a four-car garage
Kennedy Compound
–
Kennedy Compound
Kennedy Compound
–
Life
Kennedy Compound
–
Electoral
history
Kennedy Compound
–
Family
45.
On the Mindless Menace of Violence
–
On the Mindless Menace of Violence was a speech given by Senator Robert F. Kennedy at the City Club of Cleveland on April 5,1968, the day after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. He sought to counter the riots and disorder emerging in the United States cities, Kennedy gave no specific solutions, but called upon people to enact change in the future to bring peace. He also spoke with Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King Jr. s wife, offering his condolences and dispatching John Lewis and that night at the Marott Hotel, Kennedy hosted a meeting with 14 local black leaders. The meeting had been arranged before the assassination by aide James Tolan, the group had debated among themselves as to whether they should hold the meeting. Kennedy eventually arrived, and the conversation turned heated as leaders began accusing him of being an unreliable member of the white establishment. He lost his temper, saying, I dont need all this aggravation, I could sit next to my swimming pool. You know, Gods been good to me and I really dont need anything, but I just feel that if Hes been that good, I should try to put something back in. And you all call yourselves leaders and youve been moaning and groaning about personal problems and you havent once talked about your own people. The meeting ended with most attendees pledging their support to Kennedys campaign, meanwhile in their rooms, Kennedys speechwriters Adam Walinsky and Jeff Greenfield began working on a formal response with assistance over the phone from Theodore Sorenson in Dallas. At about 02,30 on April 5, Kennedy discovered Walinsky asleep over his typewriter, Kennedy personally pulled the covers over Greenfield. The next morning, Walinsky and Greenfield inserted Sorensons contributions and finished the speech and this was just before Kennedy left for Cleveland, after he had an interview with Jack Paar. During the flight he edited the speech and ultimately decided to talk about the violence of institutions inflicted against disadvantaged and disenfranchised peoples, Kennedy rode into Cleveland in a white convertible. An aide from a phone-equipped vehicle waived down his car and informed him that police believed a sniper might be hiding in a church steeple across from the hotel where he was to give the speech. Bill Barry, Kennedys bodyguard, suggested that the senator wait alongside the road while he would drive ahead to investigate, Kennedy angrily dismissed the suggestion, saying, No. Well never stop for that kind of threat, the speech was delivered during a hotel luncheon to approximately 2,200 members of the City Club of Cleveland, lasting only for 10 minutes. He called for a cleaning of violence in society in order to solve the contemporary problems of the United States. Kennedy listed no specific programs and gave no specific solutions to the problems at hand and he finished, The audience gave Kennedy a standing ovation. Jack Newfield said the speech was probably the best written text of the campaign, Newfield also asserted that the address was a suitable epitaph for Kennedy himself
On the Mindless Menace of Violence
–
Life
46.
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
–
Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian/Jordanian immigrant, was convicted of Kennedys murder and is serving a life sentence for the crime. The shooting was recorded on tape by a freelance newspaper reporter. Kennedys body lay in repose at St. Patricks Cathedral in New York for two days before a funeral Mass was held on June 8 and his body was interred near his brother John at Arlington National Cemetery. His death prompted the protection of presidential candidates by the United States Secret Service, Hubert Humphrey later went on to win the Democratic nomination for the presidency, but ultimately lost the election to Republican Richard Nixon. As with his brother Johns death, Kennedys assassination and the circumstances surrounding it have spawned a variety of conspiracy theories, Kennedy remains one of only two sitting United States Senators to be assassinated, the other being fellow Democrat Huey Long in 1935. Kennedy visited the British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 and wrote dispatches at the time for the Boston Post about his trip, during his stay, he wrote that he grew to admire the Jewish inhabitants of the area. As a Senator, he became a strong supporter and advocate for Israel. Kennedy was United States Attorney General from January 1961 until September 3,1964 and he took office as Senator from New York on January 3,1965. The run up to the 1968 presidential election saw the incumbent president, Johnson, serving during a period of social unrest. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4,1968 led to riots across the US. Two weeks later, a demoralized Johnson announced he was no longer seeking re-election, one month later, Vice President Hubert Humphrey announced he would seek the presidency. Humphrey did not participate in any primaries but he did obtain the support of many Democratic Party delegates, following the California primary, Kennedy was in second place with 393 delegates compared to Humphreys 561 and McCarthys 258. The 1968 presidential primary elections in California were held on Tuesday, the statewide results gave Kennedy 46% and McCarthy 42%. Four hours after the closed in California, Kennedy claimed victory in the states Democratic presidential primary. He spoke by phone with South Dakota Senator George McGovern, at approximately 12,10 a. m. PDT on June 5, he addressed his campaign supporters in the Ambassador Hotels Embassy Room ballroom, in the Mid-Wilshire district of Los Angeles. At the time, the government provided Secret Service protection for incumbent presidents, Kennedys only security was provided by former FBI agent William Barry and two unofficial bodyguards, former professional athletes. During the campaign, Kennedy had welcomed contact with the public, Kennedy had planned to walk through the ballroom when he had finished speaking, on his way to another gathering of supporters elsewhere in the hotel. However, with deadlines fast approaching, reporters wanted a press conference, Campaign aide Fred Dutton decided that Kennedy would forgo the second gathering and instead go through the hotels kitchen and pantry area behind the ballroom to the press area
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
–
Boris Yaro's photograph of Robert F. Kennedy lying wounded on the floor immediately after the shooting. Kneeling beside him is 17-year-old Juan Romero, who was shaking Kennedy's hand when
Sirhan Sirhan fired the shots.
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
–
Robert Kennedy campaigns in Los Angeles (photo by
Evan Freed).
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
–
Robert Kennedy's grave in
Arlington National Cemetery
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
–
Life
47.
Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)
–
The Ambassador Hotel was a hotel in Los Angeles, California, and location of the Cocoanut Grove nightclub until it was demolished in 2005. S. It was designed by Pasadena architect Myron Hunt in an eclectic Mediterranean Revival style with Art Deco elements, the Ambassador Hotel was frequented by celebrities, some of whom, such as Pola Negri, resided there. From 1930 to 1943, six Academy Awards ceremonies were performed at the hotel, perhaps as many as seven U. S. presidents stayed at the Ambassador, from Hoover to Nixon, along with chiefs of state from around the world. Little Richard, Liberace, Natalie Cole, and Richard Pryor, the hotel served alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition. During the 1920s, the Ambassador Hotels nightclub Cocoanut Grove was frequented by celebrities like Louis B, mayer, Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford, Howard Hughes, Clara Bow, Rudolph Valentino, Gloria Swanson, Anna May Wong, Norma Talmadge and others. According to Photoplay, Joan Crawford and Carole Lombard were frequent competitors in the Charleston contests held on Friday nights, starting in 1928, Gus Arnheim led the Cocoanut Grove Orchestra. Six to seven songs were sung a night, there was a two-hour broadcast of the orchestra on the radio. The names of the hotel and its nightclub quickly became synonymous with glamour, Cocoanut Grove would become a name for bars. On February 29,1940, the 1939 Academy Awards Ceremony was held in the Cocoanut Grove, with Bob Hope hosting. Loyce Whiteman, singer for the Cocoanut Grove Orchestra, recalled, Joan Crawford would stand at the stand and sing a couple of choruses with the band. It was a full of stars. The Ambassador Los Angeles was built as part of the Ambassador Hotels System, the Santa Barbara property burned down soon after on April 13,1921, and the Alexandria left the chain in 1925, while the Ambassador Palm Beach joined in 1929. The chain was dissolved in the 1930s. The Ambassador Los Angeles was sold to Schine Hotels, the Ambassador New York was sold and operated independently until 1958, when it was sold to Sheraton Hotels and renamed the Sheraton-East. It was demolished in 1966 for the construction of 345 Park Avenue, the Ambassador Atlantic City was gutted in the late 1970s and converted to the Tropicana Casino & Resort. The Ambassador Palm Beach was sold in 1933 and became the Palm Beach Biltmore, before being converted to condos, Kennedy, was shot along with five other people. Palestinian immigrant Sirhan Sirhan was arrested at the scene and later convicted of the murder, Kennedy died one day later from his injuries, while the other victims survived their wounds. During the demolition of the Ambassador Hotel during late 2005 and early 2006, the portion of Wilshire Boulevard in front of the hotel has been signed the Robert F. Kennedy Parkway
Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)
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Ambassador Hotel, 2004.
Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)
–
Poster for the film
Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)
–
The
Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)
–
Life
48.
Grave of Robert F. Kennedy
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The grave of Robert F. Kennedy is a historic grave site and memorial to assassinated U. S. Senator and 1968 Democratic presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy located in section 45 of Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia and it was dedicated on December 6,1971, and replaced a temporary grave in which Kennedy was originally buried on June 8,1968. It is adjacent to the John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame, the grave is aligned along an east–west axis, roughly along the line of sight between Arlington House and the Jefferson Memorial. The grave consists of an unadorned, white cross at the head of the grave. The memorial consists of a small granite plaza, which provides viewing for the grave. At the back axis of the plaza is a low grey granite wall inscribed with quotations from two of Kennedys speeches. A small, rectangular reflecting pool is at the base of the wall, Robert F. Kennedy was shot and mortally wounded on June 5,1968. He died at 1,44 AM on June 6. Kennedys body was flown aboard Air Force One to New York City on the evening of June 6, selection of the burial site occurred almost immediately after Kennedys death. Kennedy had often said he wished to be buried in the plot in Massachusetts. Late on June 6, Alfred B, fitt, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, flew from Washington to New York City to confer with the Kennedy family about burial at Arlington National Cemetery. At 10,30 PM on June 7, the Kennedy family announced that Robert F. Kennedy would be buried at Arlington National Cemetery in an area just southeast of the John F. Kennedy grave site. Kennedys body was taken by train from Pennsylvania Station in New York City to Union Station in Washington and it was due to depart New York at 12,30 PM, but was delayed by the slow pace of mourners leaving the cathedral. The four-hour trip took eight hours and six minutes, due to the crowds lining the tracks on the 225-mile journey. In Elizabeth, New Jersey, a train struck two people who had moved out of the way of the funeral train, and the Kennedys asked their engineers to slow down even more. Scheduled to arrive at about 4,30 PM, the train arrived in Washington at 9,10 PM on June 8. All funeral flowers were taken to Arlington National Cemetery, where they lay in deep banks on the hill around the grave site, floodlights were rushed into position in order to illuminate the burial site. More than 1,500 candles were hurriedly donated by the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle and handed out to the crowd, as the funeral motorcade entered the cemetery, the crowd lining the roadway spontaneously lit their candles—lighting the way
Grave of Robert F. Kennedy
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Grave of Robert F. Kennedy in 2011.
Grave of Robert F. Kennedy
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Looking down from Custis Walk at the Robert F. Kennedy memorial. The grave is out of sight just below the hill.
Grave of Robert F. Kennedy
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Aerial view of the John F. Kennedy (left) and Robert F. Kennedy graves in 2005, showing the relationship between the two sites.
Grave of Robert F. Kennedy
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Life
49.
Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
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Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building is the Washington, D. C. headquarters of the United States Department of Justice. It is located west of the National Archives Building, east of the Internal Revenue Service Building, north of the National Mall, the building is owned by the General Services Administration. It comprises seven floors and 1,200,000 sq ft and it houses Department of Justice offices, including the office of the United States Attorney General. Completed in 1935, it was renamed after the 64th Attorney General of the United States, Robert F. Kennedy, the Office of the Attorney General was created by the 1st United States Congress by the Judiciary Act of 1789. In 1792, the Congress made the Attorney General a Cabinet-level post, in 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant signed the bill creating the Department of Justice. While plans to provide the Department with its own building were developed as early as 1910, in 1908 and in 1928, Congress authorized the purchase of land in what is now known as the Federal Triangle for departmental offices. In 1930, Congress appropriated $10 million for the construction of a permanent Department of Justice headquarters in the Federal Triangle, the building was constructed from 1931 to 1934. Upon completion in 1935, the building provided a headquarters for the Attorney General. From 1935 to 194168 murals were painted in the building, in 1966, the Department of Justice building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site. In 1978, the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court was established after the passage of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, from March 1998 to January 2006, major renovations to the building took place, including work on plumbing, electrical wiring, heating and cooling, and elevators. The project included replication of original lighting for the buildings corridors, a new $3.1 million conference center and data room were built, the main library and executive suites were restored, and a new mechanical, electrical and plumbing system was installed. F. The Gilbane Building Company established a rule to halt construction when hazardous material was discovered. An additional complication was security concerns, because of sensitive and classified information in the building, the extensive murals, sculptures, and plaster reliefs in the building were protected with shields during the construction, and temperature, humidity, and dust controls were installed. The cost of the renovations was $142 million, but the project came in $4.2 million under budget, design consultants decided to renovate courtyard plaza and garage structures instead of demolishing them, using 95 percent of existing materials. Cobblestone blocks in the courtyard were removed, cleaned, refurbished, further, only the concrete of questionable integrity around the facilitys garage beams was repaired, instead of having all the concrete replaced. For the plaza deck, the integrity of the structure was tested. Some sections were found to be repairable, preventing them from being rebuilt, finally, the original foundation and structure building was preserved, which saved 110 tons of waste material and decreased the risk of penetrating a sensitive waterproofing membrane system. Ultimately close to $1 million was returned to the GSA, senator from New York and presidential candidate until his assassination in 1968
Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
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Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
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South front of the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
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10th. St. NW facade of the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building from
Constitution Avenue.
Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
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President George W. Bush renames Justice Department building in honor of Robert Kennedy
50.
Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
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The Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools, called the RFK Community Schools, is a complex of public schools in Los Angeles, California. The schools cost $578 million to build, making it the most expensive school in the United States. The school was designed for 4200 students, which can be filled by students within a nine-block radius. The site was home to The Ambassador Hotel, the site of the June 1968 assassination of presidential candidate, United States Senator from New York, the hotel was razed in 2006. The new school, designed by the architects of Gonzalez Goodale, along Wilshire Boulevard is a memorial pocket park to Robert F. Kennedy. The school itself is six stories, with a replica of the Cocoanut Grove, the Los Angeles Conservancy fought the construction of RFK community schools for a long time. They had proposed a plan for a “small learning community” that would preserve the Ambassador hotel. On October 25,2007, the Los Angeles Conservancy filed a lawsuit against LAUSD, the school board was not following the guidelines for construction that the LA Conservancy had expected. After the decision was voted on by the Board of Education and he stated that while the Ambassador Hotel was not saved, an agreement had been reached with LAUSD to preserve many other historical sites. RFK’s features include fine art murals and a memorial depicting the complex’s namesake, a public park. Each pilot school has a justice mission. In 2010, two lawsuits were filed, alleging molestation of two children at New Open World Academy, one of the schools at RFK that opened in 2009. The five pilot high schools share the same program. The L. A. CRUSADERS organized for busloads of community members to travel to the State Assembly in Sacramento, no one then could have anticipated the final cost of $565 million. The school features a memorial depicting Robert F. Kennedy, a manicured public park. An Associated Press article called it a Taj Mahal school and reflected nearly 3,000 teachers have been laid off over the past two years, the year and programs have been slashed. The district also faces a $640 million shortfall and some schools persistently rank among the nations lowest performing, much of its neighborhood, which was once one of Hollywood’s most electric areas, has the same feeling. This state-of-the-art facility consists of six different schools ranging from kindergarten to twelfth grade, the construction cost per seat was $135,000
Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
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Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
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Robert F. Kennedy Inspiration
Park along
Wilshire Boulevard
Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
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Main entrance to school on Catalina Street
Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
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Life
51.
Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment
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Crisis, Behind a Presidential Commitment is a 1963 cinéma vérité documentary film directed by Robert Drew. The film centers on the University of Alabamas Stand in the Schoolhouse Door integration crisis of June 1963, the film first aired on ABC television four months after the incident. In 2011, it was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress and they come up with a plan to quickly federalize the Alabama National Guard and return later the same day, if Wallace indeed refuses to step out of the way despite the court order. The plan works, Wallace steps aside under orders from General Henry V. Graham, president Kennedy later gives a speech on equality on national television, and a third black student, Dave McGlathery, enrolls without incident. Although opinions on Crisis, Behind a Presidential Commitment were sharply divided after the October 1963 broadcast, it is now considered among the films of cinéma vérité. Peter von Bagh rated it ahead of Drews earlier work Primary, considering it the most touching and intimate portrait of the Kennedy brothers on film. Fred Kaplan, in a review of the films 2009 DVD release for The New York Times and he dubbed it the first movie that Barack Obama should watch in the White House screening room. In 2011, this film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress, the Academy Film Archive preserved Crisis, Behind a Presidential Commitment in 1999. List of American films of 1963 Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy African-American Civil Rights Movement in popular culture Crisis, Behind a Presidential Commitment at the Internet Movie Database
Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment
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Life
Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment
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Academics
52.
Abraham, Martin and John
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Abraham, Martin and John is a 1968 song written by Dick Holler and first recorded by Dion. It is a tribute to the memory of four assassinated Americans, all icons of social change, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Jr. John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy. It was written in response to the assassination of King and that of Robert Kennedy in April and June 1968, respectively. Each of the first three verses features one of the men named in the title, for example, Anybody here. He freed a lot of people, but it seems the good die young But I just looked around, after a bridge, the fourth and final verse mentions Robert Bobby Kennedy, and ends with a description of him walking over a hill with the other three men. The original version, recorded by Dion, featured a gentle folk rock production from Phil Gernhard, the feeling of the song is set with a gentle oboe and violin opening then featuring harp flourishes at multiple points, including the instrumental conclusion. The song also features a flugelhorn, an organ, bass. Dion felt during post production that the song needed more depth and added a track featuring him playing classical guitar notably at the bridge, lead ins and the close. Although it was quite unlike the rock sound that Dion had become famous for in the early 1960s, the Red Baron, Abraham, Martin and John nonetheless was a major American hit single in late 1968. It reached #4 on the U. S. pop singles chart and was awarded an RIAA gold record for selling a million copies, in Canada, it topped the charts, reaching #1 in the RPM100 on November 25,1968. In 2001 this recording would be ranked number 248 on the RIAAs Songs of the Century list, the record was also popular with adult listeners, reaching #8 on Billboards Easy Listening survey. The personnel on the recording included Vinnie Bell and Ralph Casale on guitar, Nick DeCaro on organ. Top 40, reaching #35 in 1969 and #18 on the R&B charts and earning her the distinction of being the oldest living person to appear on a Hot 100 top 40 hit and this version was featured on the soundtrack of Brazilian soap opera Beto Rockfeller. Bluesman Seasick Steve released a version of the song in 2016. It reached No.8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on August 14,1971, in 1997, Whitney Houston sang a rendition of Abraham, Martin and John that aired on VH1 and HBO, Whitney Houston, Live Washington DC. Abraham Lincoln cultural depictions Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy African-American Civil Rights Movement in popular culture Collins, Songs Sung, Red, White, and Blue, The Stories Behind Americas Best-Loved Patriotic Songs
Abraham, Martin and John
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"Abraham, Martin and John"
Abraham, Martin and John
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Life
53.
Kennedy (miniseries)
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Kennedy is a 1983 American-British five-hour television miniseries written by Reg Gadney and directed by Jim Goddard. The miniseries is a biography of the 1961-1963 presidency of John F. Kennedy, the series was originally broadcast on NBC, and was also sold to 50 countries, with 27 of them broadcasting the series simultaneously. The series was nominated for 3 Golden Globes and 4 BAFTA, in the scene before Jackie goes into labor with baby Patrick, she mentions Marilyn Monroe performing at Jacks birthday gala in New York, but the year is 1963. Monroe had already been dead for over a year by then, in another scene before baby Patrick is born, Martin Luther King, Jr. gives his I Have a Dream speech, which the Kennedy family see on TV. In reality that event did not occur until two weeks and five days after the death of baby Patrick, who died prematurely on August 9, in the movie it is the other way around. The moon-shots happened before the racial tensions in reality, the Kennedys The Kennedys Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy Kennedy at the Internet Movie Database
Kennedy (miniseries)
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DVD cover
Kennedy (miniseries)
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Life
54.
Prince Jack
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Although primarily a dramatic narrative, Prince Jack also uses satire and black humor, especially with regard to the Kennedy brothers complicated relationship with Lyndon B. Johnson. Prince Jack covers the period from the Democratic National Convention in July 1960 to the autumn of 1963, the film was written and directed by Bert Lovitt. Robert J. Hogan - John F. Kennedy James F. Kelly - Robert F. Kennedy Lloyd Nolan - Joseph P. Kennedy, James F. Kelly portrayed Robert F. Kennedy a total of seven times in different productions between 1981 and 1997. He also portrayed John F. Kennedy once, Prince Jack was available on VHS but does not appear to have been released in DVD format. The Kennedys The Kennedys Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy Prince Jack at the Internet Movie Database
Prince Jack
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1985 VHS Home Video box image
Prince Jack
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Life
55.
Thirteen Days (film)
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Thirteen Days is a 2000 American historical political thriller film directed by Roger Donaldson, dramatizing the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, seen from the perspective of the US political leadership. It is the second docudrama made about the crisis, the first being 1974s The Missiles of October, the 2000 film contains some newly declassified information not available to the earlier production, but takes greater dramatic license, particularly in its choice of ODonnell as protagonist. In October 1962, U-2 aerial surveillance photos reveal that the Soviet Union is in the process of placing intermediate-range ballistic missiles carrying nuclear weapons in Cuba, President John F. Kennedy and his advisers must come up with a plan of action to prevent their activation. Kennedy is determined to show that the United States will not allow a missile threat, the Joint Chiefs of Staff advise immediate U. S. military strikes against the missile sites followed by an invasion of Cuba. However, Kennedy is reluctant to attack and invade because it would likely cause the Soviets to invade Berlin. War appears to be almost inevitable, the Kennedy administration tries to find a solution that will remove the missiles but avoid an act of war. They settle on a less than a blockade, which is formally regarded as an act of war. They settle on what they describe as a quarantine. They announce that the U. S. naval forces will stop all ships entering Cuban waters, the Soviet Union sends mixed messages in response. Off the shores of Cuba, the Soviet ships turn back from the quarantine lines, secretary of State Dean Rusk says, Were eyeball to eyeball and I think the other fellow just blinked. John A. S. that it will never invade Cuba, a long message in the same tone as the informal communication from Fomin, apparently written personally by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, is received. This is followed by a second, more hard line cable in which the Soviets offer a deal involving U. S removal of its Jupiter missiles from Turkey. The Kennedy administration interprets the second as a response from the Politburo, offensive missile is also carried out without the Presidents knowledge. An Air Force U-2 reconnaissance plane is sent over Cuba to gather intelligence for the attack, bobby reiterates the demand that the Soviets remove their missiles from Cuba, and in return promises not to invade or assist in the invasion of Cuba. Dobrynin insists that the U. S. must also remove all Jupiter missiles from Turkey, the Soviets announce on Sunday that they will remove their missiles from Cuba, averting a war that could have escalated to the use of nuclear weapons. Bruce Greenwood as President John F. Kennedy Steven Culp as Attorney General Robert F. Johnson Christopher Lawford as RF-8 Crusader pilot, Commander William Ecker, the Department of Defense cooperated to some extent, allowing the producers to film on several bases. In order to keep the film in period filming took place on ships from the time of the crisis that still existed in the active fleet, aircraft that still exist from the period were refurbished to appear operational as well. The RF-8 Crusader plus the scenes of Cuba were shot in the Philippines, at the time of the shooting, the F-8 was still in the inventory of the Philippine Air Force, but no longer operational
Thirteen Days (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Thirteen Days (film)
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Life
56.
RFK (film)
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RFK is a 2002 American television film directed by Robert Dornhelm. It takes place through the eyes of Robert F. Kennedy after his brother John F. Kennedys assassination in 1963, as he lives through the loss, he starts to identify himself as a political figure, not just the former Presidents brother. He makes it official with a Presidential bid in 1968 to what he says was to save the Democratic Party, during his campaign, in which the American people showed great support for him, RFK was shot and killed by Sirhan Sirhan. The film was shot in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
RFK (film)
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RFK
RFK (film)
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Life
57.
RFK Must Die
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RFK Must Die, The Assassination of Bobby Kennedy is an investigative documentary by Irish writer and filmmaker Shane OSullivan released in 2007. The title comes from a page of writing found in assassin Sirhan Sirhans notebook after the shooting. Running on a ticket, Kennedy had just won the California Democratic primary and was confident he would challenge Richard Nixon for the White House. As he walked through the kitchen pantry, shots rang out and he fell to the floor, fatally wounded by a bullet to the brain. Twenty-four-year-old Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan was convicted of murder as the lone assassin, the film investigates claims that witnesses placed Sirhan several feet in front of Kennedy and for forty years he claims he has never been able to remember the shooting. Diamond testified that Sirhan was in a state at the time of the shooting and FBI agent William Bailey saw extra bullet holes in the pantry. The film features interviews with Sirhans younger brother, Munir, where he talks about his brothers upbringing, RFK Must Die, Epilogue goes into detail about a recent audio analysis that concludes that 13 shots were fired and suggests the possibility of a second shooter. After a three-year investigation, RFK Must Die was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on 16 May 2008 and in New York on 5 June 2008, in November 2006, BBC Televisions Newsnight aired a twelve-minute screening of the documentary. Several people who had known Morales, including family members, were adamant that he was not the man who OSullivan said was Morales, in response, OSullivan stated that the man on the video may have used Campbells name as an alias. OSullivan stood by his allegations stating that the Bulova watch company was a well-known CIA cover, official website RFK Must Die at the Internet Movie Database
RFK Must Die
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DVD Cover
RFK Must Die
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Life
58.
The Kennedys (miniseries)
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The Kennedys is a Canadian-American television miniseries chronicling the lives of the Kennedy family, including key triumphs and tragedies it has experienced. It stars Greg Kinnear, Barry Pepper, Katie Holmes, and Tom Wilkinson among others, the series premiered in the United States in April 2011 on ReelzChannel and on History Television in Canada. Greg Kinnear as John F. Jack Kennedy Barry Pepper as Robert F, on February 16,2010 the website stopkennedysmears. com was registered by filmmaker Robert Greenwald as part of the critical response to The Kennedys. Ted Sorensen, former writer for John F. Kennedy. At the time of all of this criticism, the miniseries had not even been cast. In an interview published in The Los Angeles Times on June 17,2010, Joel Surnow addressed the complaints, saying and it was way too early for them to comment on it. However, as the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph put it, With Greg Kinnear as Mr Kennedy, Katie Holmes as his First Lady, now, it is widely considered a disaster on the eve of its airing on the ReelzChannel beginning on Sunday. The History Channel decided to drop the series from its schedule in January, there then followed a humiliating and very public quest to find another channel that would air it. Casting the main roles was announced on April 29,2010 by director Cassar via his Twitter account, the miniseries was filmed in Toronto, Canada between June and September 2010, and was produced by Canadian independent studio Muse Entertainment Enterprises and Joel Surnows production company. The Kennedys is the first original scripted series made for History Television, the budget for The Kennedys was $25 million though reports later described it as a $30 million production. The miniseries was written by Stephen Kronish, who previously worked with Surnow. Historians associated with the production were Steven M. Gillon, author of the book The Kennedy Assassination –24 Hours After, and Robert Dallek. On December 16,2010, Shaw Media announced that there would be a screening of the miniseries to be held on March 3,2011 in Toronto. The miniseries had been scheduled on History in two-hour segments at 9,00 pm beginning on March 6,2011 and continuing for three subsequent Sundays. John Doyle, television critic for The Globe and Mail reported on January 26,2011 that The Kennedys will be shown on History Television starting on March 9,2011. On February 1,2011 Shaw Media announced its schedule for the miniseries. On January 7,2011, the cable channel History announced that it would not show The Kennedys in the United States, furthermore, our Errors and Omissions Insurers attorneys reviewed all the scripts and edited episodes – and they have cleared all of the episodes for broadcast. Joel Surnow, the executive producer, attributed the cancellation to pressure exerted by the Kennedys on the board of Historys owners, A&E Television Networks
The Kennedys (miniseries)
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Life
The Kennedys (miniseries)
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Title card from The Kennedys
59.
United States Senate election in New York, 1964
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The 1964 United States Senate election in New York was held on November 3,1964. Senator Kenneth Keating ran for re-election to a term, but was defeated by Robert F. Kennedy. The Socialist Labor state convention met on March 29 and nominated John Emanuel, the Republican state convention met on August 31, and re-nominated the incumbent U. S. The Conservative state convention met on August 31 at Saratoga Springs, New York, the Democratic state convention met on September 1, and nominated U. S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy on the first ballot with 968 votes against 153 for Congressman Samuel S. Stratton. The Liberal Party met on September 1, and endorsed the Democratic nominee, the Socialist Workers Party filed a petition to nominate candidates on September 7. John English, a Nassau County leader who helped John F. Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election, at the time, Samuel S. Stratton, a member of the United States House of Representatives from New Yorks 35th congressional district, was considered the most likely Democratic candidate. After President Kennedys assassination, Robert Kennedy remained as Attorney General for Lyndon B. Johnson, Kennedy decided to run for the Senate in New York in August, and resigned from the Cabinet on September 3,1964. During the campaign, Kennedy was frequently met by large crowds, Keating accused Kennedy of being a carpetbagger. If its going be selected on whos got the best New York accent, but I think if its going be selected on the basis of who can make the best United States senator, I think Im still in the contest. Campaign help from President Lyndon B, Johnson, as well as the Democratic landslide after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, helped carry Kennedy into office, as Kennedy polled two million votes less in New York than Johnson did. For Total Votes, the Democratic and Liberal votes for Kennedy are combined
United States Senate election in New York, 1964
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Nominee
United States Senate election in New York, 1964
United States Senate election in New York, 1964
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Life
60.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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Joseph Patrick Joe Kennedy Sr. was an American businessman, investor, and politician known for his high-profile positions in United States politics. Kennedy was married to Rose Kennedy, three of their nine children attained distinguished political positions, President John F. Kennedy, Attorney General and Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime Senator Edward M. Ted Kennedy. He was a member of the Democratic Party and of the Irish Catholic community. He was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to be the first chairman of the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and later directed the Maritime Commission. Kennedy served as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 until late 1940, in the 1920s Kennedy made huge profits from reorganizing and refinancing several Hollywood studios, ultimately merging several acquisitions into Radio-Keith-Orpheum studios. His company, Somerset Importers, became the exclusive American agent for Gordons Gin, in addition, Kennedy purchased spirits-importation rights from Schenley Industries, a firm in Canada. He owned the largest office building in the country, Chicagos Merchandise Mart, giving his family an important base in that city, Kennedy allowed surgeons to perform a lobotomy on his daughter Rosemary Kennedy in 1941. Various reasons for the operation have been given, but it left her permanently incapacitated, Kennedy resigned under pressure shortly afterwards. In later years, Kennedy worked behind the scenes to continue building the financial and political fortunes of the Kennedy family, after a disabling stroke in 1961, Kennedy developed aphasia and lost all power of speech, but remained mentally intact. He was confined to a wheelchair until his death in 1969, Joseph Patrick Kennedy was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the son of businessman and politician Patrick Joseph P. J. Kennedy. He had a younger brother Francis, and two sisters, Mary and Margaret. All four of Joes grandparents had immigrated to Massachusetts in the 1840s to escape the Irish famine and he was born into a highly sectarian society, where Irish Catholics were excluded by upper-class Boston Brahmins. Boston Irish thus became active in the Democratic Party, which included P. J. P. J. Kennedy followed in the footsteps of older cousins by attending Harvard College. He focused on becoming a leader, working energetically to gain admittance to the prestigious Hasty Pudding Club. While at Harvard he joined the Delta Upsilon International fraternity and played on the baseball team, in 1937, he received an honorary degree in Doctor of Laws from Oglethorpe University. On October 7,1914, Kennedy married Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald, honey Fitz Fitzgerald and Mary Josephine Josie Hannon. The marriage joined two of the citys most prominent political families, as Kennedys business success expanded, he and his family kept homes in the Boston area, suburban New York City, Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, and Palm Beach, Florida
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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Kennedy yearbook photo from Boston Latin School
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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Rose (shown with Joe Jr.) married Joe Sr. after college.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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The family at their home in
Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, 1931. Rosemary Kennedy is seated on the far right.
61.
Rose Kennedy
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Countess Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy was an American philanthropist and socialite. She was deeply embedded in the lace curtain Irish Catholic community in Boston and she was the wife of businessman and investor Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. who was United States Ambassador to the Court of St Jamess. Their nine children included President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy and she was the sixth American woman to be granted the title of Countess by the Vatican. Rose was born at 4 Garden Court in the North End neighborhood of Boston and she was the eldest of six children born to Boston Mayor John Francis Honey Fitz Fitzgerald and Mary Josephine Josie Hannon. Her siblings were Mary, Thomas, John Jr. Eunice, as a young child, she lived in an Italianate/Mansard-style home in the Ashmont Hill section of Dorchester, Massachusetts and attended the local Girls Latin School. The home later burned down, but a plaque at Welles Avenue, the plaque was dedicated by her son, Senator Ted Kennedy, on her 102nd birthday in 1992. Kennedy studied at the convent school Kasteel Bloemendal in Vaals, The Netherlands and she also attended the New England Conservatory in Boston where she studied piano. In 1908, Fitzgerald and her father embarked on a tour of Europe and she and Honey Fitz had a private audience with Pope St. Pius X at the Vatican. On October 7,1914, she married Joseph Patrick Joe Kennedy at age 24 after a courtship of more than seven years and he was the elder son of businessman/politician P. J. Kennedy and Mary Augusta Hickey. She gave birth to the couples first child, Joseph Jr. nine months later, Joseph provided well for their family, but was unfaithful. His affairs included one with Gloria Swanson, while eight months pregnant with the couples fourth child Kathleen, Rose temporarily went back to her parents, but returned to Joseph. In turning an eye to her husbands affairs, Rose depended heavily on medication. Ronald Kessler found records for prescription tranquilizers Seconal, Placidyl, Librium, and Dalmane to relieve Roses nervousness and stress, and Lomotil, Bentyl, Librax, Rose Kennedy was a strict Catholic throughout her life. Even after her 100th birthday, she rarely missed Sunday Mass and her strict beliefs often placed her at odds with her children. Rose Kennedy stated that she felt completely fulfilled as a full-time homemaker, what greater aspiration and challenge are there for a mother than the hope of raising a great son or daughter. After her son John became President in 1961, Rose became a sort of quiet celebrity, Most of her social activities consisted of involvement in charities and women’s groups. Rose also took brisk ocean swims outside her Cape Cod house in fifty-degree weather, after suffering a stroke in 1984, she used a wheelchair for the remaining eleven years of her life. She maintained her residence at the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts and was cared for by private nurses, on January 22,1995, Kennedy died at the Kennedy family compound in Hyannis Port from complications from pneumonia at the age of 104
Rose Kennedy
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Rose Kennedy in 1967
Rose Kennedy
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Rose Kennedy (standing, rear) with her husband Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and grandchildren, 1963. John-John can be seen in the foreground.
Rose Kennedy
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Rose Kennedy with her son, President
John F. Kennedy in 1962
Rose Kennedy
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Life
62.
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
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Joseph Patrick Joe Kennedy Jr. was a United States Navy lieutenant. He was killed in action while serving as a patrol bomber pilot in World War II and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross. He was the eldest of nine born to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. Joe Sr. had plans for Joe Jr. to become President. However, Joe Jr. was killed participating in a top-secret mission in 1944, and the high expectations of the father then fell upon Joe Jr. s younger brother John. Kennedy was born in Hull, Massachusetts and he first attended the Dexter School in Brookline, Massachusetts, with his brother, John. He graduated from The Choate School in 1933 in Wallingford, Connecticut and he then entered Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, graduating in 1938. Kennedy participated in football, rugby, and crew, and he served on the student council, Kennedy then spent a year studying under the tutelage of Harold Laski at the London School of Economics before enrolling in Harvard Law School. From a very young age, Kennedy was groomed by his father, when he was born, his grandfather John F. Fitzgerald, then Mayor of Boston, told the news, This child is the future President of the nation. He often boasted that he would be president even without help from his father and he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1940. Kennedy planned to run for Massachusettss 11th congressional district in 1946, Kennedy expressed approval of Adolf Hitler. His father sent him to visit Nazi Germany in 1934. He wrote to his father, praising Hitler’s sterilization policy as “a great thing” that “will do away with many of the specimens of men. ”He explained that Hitler is building a spirit in his men that could be envied in any country. Kennedy left before his year of law school at Harvard to enlist in the U. S. Naval Reserve on June 24,1941. He entered flight training to be a Naval Aviator, and after training and he was assigned to Patrol Squadron 203 and then Bombing Squadron 110. In September 1943, he was sent to Britain and became a member of Bomber Squadron 110, Special Air Unit ONE and he piloted land-based PB4Y Liberator patrol bombers on anti-submarine details during two tours of duty in the winter of 1943–1944. Kennedy had completed 25 combat missions and was eligible to return home and he instead volunteered for an Operation Aphrodite mission. Kennedy was appointed a lieutenant on July 1,1944, after the U. S. Army Air Forces operation missions were drawn up on July 23,1944, Lieutenants Wilford John Willy and Kennedy were designated as the first Navy flight crew
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
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Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. as
Ensign,
U.S. Navy (c. 1942)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
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Memorial for Joseph Kennedy Jr. inside the
fortress of Mimoyecques (France)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
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Life
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
–
Electoral
history
63.
Rosemary Kennedy
–
Rose Marie Rosemary Kennedy was the oldest daughter born to Joseph, Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and the sister of President John F. Kennedy, and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy. Rosemary displayed behavioral problems, resulting in less academic and sporting ability than her siblings and her father arranged one of the first prefrontal lobotomies for her at the age of 23, but it failed and left her incapacitated permanently. Rosemary spent the rest of her life in an institution in Jefferson, Wisconsin and her condition may have inspired her sister, Eunice, to initiate the Special Olympics during 1962. Rose Marie Kennedy was born at her parents home in Brookline and she was the third child and first daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald. She was named after her mother, and commonly called Rosemary or Rosie, during her birth, the doctor was not immediately available and the nurse ordered Rose Kennedy to keep her legs closed, forcing the baby’s head to stay in the birth canal for two hours. The action resulted in a loss of oxygen. By Massachusetts state law, the Binet intelligence test was given to her before first grade, Rose Kennedy sent Rosemary to the Sacred Heart Convent in Elmhurst, Providence, Rhode Island, at age 15, where she was educated separately from the other students. Two nuns and a teacher, Miss Newton, worked with her all day in a separate classroom. The Kennedys gave the school a new court for their efforts. Her reading, writing, spelling, and counting skills were reported to be at a fourth-grade level and she studied but may have felt she disappointed her parents, whom she wanted to please. During this period, her mother arranged for her older brother John to accompany her to a tea-dance, thanks to him, she appeared not different at all during the tea-dance. According to Henry H. Goddard, Rosemary had personally suffered intellectual disabilities and she was deemed to have an IQ between 60 and 70. Younger sister Eunice surmised from various doctors visits to their home that Rosemary was both ill and epileptic. James Roosevelt took us in to see his father, President Roosevelt and he said, Its about time you came. How can I put my arm around all of you, have a fitting at 10,15 Elizabeth Arden. Played Ping-Pong with Ralphs sister, also another man. Walked with Peggy. also went to races with her, and bet and won a dollar. Went to the English Movie at five, went to the lounge with Miss Cahill and Eunice and retired early
Rosemary Kennedy
–
Rosemary Kennedy in 1938, prior to her lobotomy, ready to be presented at Court.
Rosemary Kennedy
–
Life
Rosemary Kennedy
–
Electoral
history
64.
Patricia Kennedy Lawford
–
Patricia Helen Pat Kennedy Lawford was an American socialite and the sixth of nine children of Rose and Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. She was a sister of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, Pat wanted to be a film producer, a profession not readily open to young women in her time. She married English actor Peter Lawford in 1954, but they experienced a serious culture-clash, Patricia Helen Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. She was considered the most sophisticated, yet also the most introverted, since childhood she had a fascination with travel and Hollywood. In time she would become a traveler, so much so that as a young girl she was given assignments by the independent. Her ongoing fascination with Hollywood was fueled by her fathers stories and adventures there as a movie mogul heading RKO Pictures, after graduating from Rosemont College, she moved to Hollywood in hopes of becoming a movie producer and director like her father. Her father apparently believed that she could do as much, once saying and she could really run this town if she put her mind to it. She met English actor Peter Lawford through her sister Eunice in the 1940s and they met again in 1949, and again in 1953. They courted briefly and officially announced their engagement in February 1954 and they married on April 24,1954, at the Roman Catholic Church of St. Thomas More in New York City, twelve days before her thirtieth birthday. They settled in Santa Monica, California, and often socialized with actress Judy Garland, Garland gave birth to her son Joseph at the same hospital and on the same day Kennedy gave birth to her son Christopher. Lawford had difficulty adjusting to Kennedys steadfast Catholicism and her familys larger-than-life image, Kennedy could not tolerate Lawfords heavy drinking, extramarital affairs, and gradual addiction to drugs. Shortly after her brother Jacks death, she filed for a separation. After her divorce, Kennedy battled alcoholism and suffered from tongue cancer and she worked with the John F. Kennedy died of pneumonia at age of 82 on September 17,2006 in her Manhattan home. She was survived by her four children and ten grandchildren, as well as her brother Ted and her sisters Eunice and she was buried in Southampton Cemetery. Kennedy family Kennedy family tree Patricia Kennedy Lawford obituary Patricia Kennedy Lawford at the Internet Movie Database
Patricia Kennedy Lawford
–
Patricia Kennedy Lawford
Patricia Kennedy Lawford
–
With Lawford (far right) are (l-r) Senator
Ted Kennedy,
Jean Kennedy Smith,
Raisa Gorbachyova, and
Mikhail Gorbachev.
Patricia Kennedy Lawford
–
Life
Patricia Kennedy Lawford
–
Electoral
history
65.
Jean Kennedy Smith
–
Jean Ann Kennedy Smith is an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Ireland from 1993 to 1998. She is the eighth of nine born to Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald. Her siblings include President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, longtime Senator Ted Kennedy, Smith is the founder of Very Special Arts, an internationally recognized non-profit dedicated to creating a society where those with disabilities can engage with the arts. In 2011, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nations highest civilian honor, by President Barack Obama for her work with VSA, as Ambassador to Ireland, Smith was instrumental to the Northern Ireland peace process as President Bill Clintons representative in Dublin. Irish President Mary McAleese conferred honorary Irish citizenship on Smith in 1998 in recognition of her service to the country, Jean Kennedy was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on her elder sister Kathleens eighth birthday. She has been described as the shyest and most guarded of the Kennedy children, on May 19,1956, she married Stephen Edward Smith in a small chapel of the Roman Catholic Saint Patricks Cathedral in New York City. The Smiths maintained a profile than some other members of the extended Kennedy family. During the early 1960s, they settled in New York City, Jean gave birth to two sons, Stephen Edward Smith, Jr. S. In 1974, Kennedy Smith founded Very Special Arts, now simply as VSA the international organization on art. VSA is a affiliate of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts which is headquartered in Washington. It is dedicated to creating a society where people with disabilities learn through, participate in, VSA annually serves over 7 million people across American and in 52 countries. Smith has traveled throughout the world on behalf of VSA to advocate for greater inclusion in the arts for people with disabilities. Her book, Chronicles of Courage, Very Special Artists, co-written with George Plimpton, was published by Random House in April 1993. In 2011, Smith was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nations highest civilian honor, by President Barack Obama for her work with VSA, as ambassador, she played a pivotal role in the peace process in Northern Ireland for almost five years before retiring the post. She successfully advocated for the U. S. government to grant a visa to Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams, which directly led to the IRA declaring a ceasefire in 1994. As a demonstration of her views, on at least one occasion she received communion in a cathedral of the Church of Ireland. Irish President Mary McAleese conferred honorary Irish citizenship on Smith in 1998 in recognition of her service to the country, during a ceremony, McAleese praised Smiths fixedness of purpose. Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern told Smith, You have helped bring about a life for everyone throughout Ireland
Jean Kennedy Smith
–
Kennedy Smith with
Victoria Reggie Kennedy in 2008
Jean Kennedy Smith
–
c.1953
Jean Kennedy Smith
–
Life
Jean Kennedy Smith
–
Electoral
history
66.
John F. Fitzgerald
–
John Francis Honey Fitz Fitzgerald was an American politician, father of Rose Kennedy and maternal grandfather of President John F. Kennedy. Fitzgerald, born to Irish immigrants, was a Democratic congressman who went on to win two terms as mayor of Boston, and made unsuccessful runs for Governor of Massachusetts. He made major improvements to the port, and became a patron of the team now known as the Boston Red Sox. He maintained a profile in the city, with his theatrical style of campaigning. His daughter Rose married Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. the son of his political rival P. J. Kennedy, in old age, Fitzgerald helped his grandson John F. Kennedy to win his first seat in congress. John Francis Fitzgerald was born in the North End of Boston to Irish businessman/politician Thomas Fitzgerald of Bruff, County Limerick and he was the fourth of twelve children. Both of his sisters, Ellen and Mary, and his eldest brother, Michael, Fitzgeralds brother Joseph had severe brain damage from malaria and barely functioned. Only three of the children survived in good health, Fitzgeralds mother died when he was sixteen. His father wished for him to become a doctor to help prevent future tragedies of the sort that had marred the Fitzgerald family. Accordingly, after being educated at Boston Latin School and Boston College, he enrolled at Harvard Medical School for one year, Fitzgerald later became a clerk at the Customs House in Boston and was active in the local Democratic Party. Fitzgerald was a member of the Royal Rooters, a supporters club for Bostons baseball teams, particularly its American League team. At one point, he was the chairman, and threw out the ceremonial opening pitch in Fenway Parks inaugural game. His great-granddaughter Caroline Kennedy threw out the first pitch for Fenway Parks 100th anniversary on April 20,2012, Fitzgerald was elected to Bostons Common Council in 1891. In 1892, he became a member of the Massachusetts Senate and these early victories came about with support from the powerful boss of Bostons 8th ward, Martin Lomasney. In 1906, Fitzgerald was elected Mayor of Boston, becoming the first American-born Irish-Catholic to be elected to that office, in the process, he made an enemy of the powerful Lomasney, who had fielded one of his lieutenants for the office. Fitzgerald served as mayor of Boston from 1906 to 1908, was defeated for re-election, of his stylish manner, Robert Dallek wrote, He was a natural politician—a charming, impish, affable lover of people. His warmth of character earned him yet another nickname, Honey Fitz, a pixie-like character with florid face, bright eyes, and sandy hair, he was a showman who could have had a career in vaudeville. But politics, with all the brokering that went into arranging alliances, a verse of the day ran, Honey Fitz can talk you blind / on any subject you can find / Fish and fishing, motor boats / Railroads, streetcars, getting votes
John F. Fitzgerald
–
John F. Fitzgerald
John F. Fitzgerald
–
The "Bigger, Busier and Better Boston" campaign, 1907.
67.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline Lee Jackie Kennedy Onassis was the wife of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and First Lady of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Bouvier was the daughter of Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Bouvier III. In 1951, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature from George Washington University, in 1952, Bouvier met Congressman John F. Kennedy at a dinner party. In November of that year, he was elected as a United States Senator from Massachusetts, and they had four children, two of whom died in infancy. As First Lady, she was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White House and her emphasis on arts, on November 22,1963, she was riding with the President in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, when he was assassinated. She and her children withdrew from view after his funeral. Following her second death in 1975, she had a career as a book editor for the final two decades of her life. She is remembered for her contributions to the arts and preservation of historic architecture, as well as for her style, elegance. She was an icon, and her famous ensemble of pink Chanel suit. She ranks as one of the most popular First Ladies and in 1999 was named on Gallups list of Most Admired Men and Women in 20th-century America. Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born on July 28,1929, at Southampton Hospital in Southampton, New York, to Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Black Jack Bouvier III, Bouviers mother was of Irish descent, and her father had French, Scottish, and English ancestry. Named after her father, Bouvier was baptized at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola in Manhattan and her younger sister Lee was born in 1933. Bouvier spent her childhood years in Manhattan and at Lasata. She idolized her father, who favored her over her sister. From an early age, Bouvier was an equestrienne and successfully competed in the sport. She also took lessons, was an avid reader, and excelled at learning languages. Bouvier enrolled in the Chapin School in Manhattan in 1935, which she attended for grades 1–6. She was a student but often misbehaved, one of her teachers described her as a darling child, the prettiest little girl, very clever, very artistic
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline Kennedy at the
White House in 1961
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline Bouvier at age six.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline Kennedy at
Hammersmith Farm in Newport, Rhode Island on her wedding day, September 12, 1953
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline campaigning with her husband in
Appleton, Wisconsin, in March 1960
68.
Sargent Shriver
–
Robert Sargent Sarge Shriver Jr. was an American politician and activist. As the husband of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, he was part of the Kennedy family, serving in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. During the 1972 U. S. presidential election, he was George McGoverns running mate as the Democratic Partys nominee for Vice President, replacing Thomas Eagleton, who had resigned from the ticket. Shriver was born in Westminster, Maryland, the son of Robert Sargent Shriver Sr. and his wife Hilda. Sarges elder brother was Thomas Herbert Shriver, of partial German ancestry, Shriver was a descendant of David Shriver, who signed the Maryland Constitution and Bill of Rights at Marylands Constitutional Convention of 1776. He spent his school years at Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. He was on Canterburys baseball, basketball, and football teams, became the editor of the schools newspaper, after he graduated in 1934, Shriver spent the summer in Germany as part of The Experiment in International Living, returning in the fall of 1934 to enter Yale University. He received his bachelors degree in 1938 in American Studies, having been a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and he was chairman of the Yale Daily News. Shriver then attended Yale Law School, earning an LL. B. degree in 1941. S, President Gerald Ford and Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart, that tried to keep the U. S. out of the European war. Nevertheless, Shriver volunteered for the U. S. Navy before the attack on Pearl Harbor and he spent five years on active duty, mostly in the South Pacific, serving aboard the USS South Dakota, reaching the rank of lieutenant. He was awarded a Purple Heart for wounds he received during the bombardment of Guadalcanal, Shrivers relationship with the Kennedys began when he was working as an assistant editor at Newsweek after his discharge from the Navy. Shriver was later hired to manage the Merchandise Mart, part of Kennedys business empire, in Chicago, after a seven-year courtship, Shriver married Eunice Kennedy on May 23,1953, at St. Patricks Cathedral in New York City. She was the daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. A devout Catholic, Shriver attended daily Mass and always carried a rosary of wooden beads. What America needs are policies that protect and advance the interest of mothers and their children. He appointed to and served as president of the Chicago Board of Education, when brother-in-law John F. Kennedy ran for president, Shriver worked as a political and organization coordinator in the Wisconsin and West Virginia primaries. During Kennedys presidential term, Shriver founded and served as the first director of the Peace Corps, after Kennedys assassination, Shriver continued to serve as Director of the Peace Corps and served as Special Assistant to President Lyndon Johnson. Under Johnson, he created the Office of Economic Opportunity with William B. Mullins and he is known as the architect of the Johnson administrations War on Poverty
Sargent Shriver
–
Shriver, c. 1962
Sargent Shriver
–
Shriver and JFK at the White House in August 1961.
69.
Peter Lawford
–
Peter Sydney Ernest Lawford was a British actor who lived in the United States throughout his adult life. He was a member of the Rat Pack and brother-in-law to President John F. Kennedy, in later years he was noted more for his off-screen activities as a celebrity than for his acting. From the 1940s to the 1960s, he had a presence in popular culture. Born in London in 1923, he was the child of Lieutenant General Sir Sydney Turing Barlow Lawford, KBE. At the time of Peters birth, however, his mother was married to Dr. Capt. Ernest Vaughn Aylen, one of Sir Sydneys officers, at the time, May and Ernest Aylen were living apart. May confessed to Aylen that the child was not his, a revelation that resulted in a double divorce, Sir Sydney and May then wed in September 1924 after their divorces were finalised and when their son was one year old. Lawfords family was connected to the English aristocracy through his uncle Ernest Lawfords wife as well as his aunt Ethel Turner Lawford. His aunt Jessie Bruce Lawford, another of his fathers sisters, was the wife of the Hon Hartley Williams. A relative, through his mother, was Australian artist Rupert Bunny and he spent his early childhood in France and, owing to his familys travels, was never formally educated. Instead, he was schooled by governesses and tutors, and his education included tennis, in the beginning, his mother observed, he had no homework. When he was older he had Spanish, German and music added to his studies and he read only selected books—English fairy stories, English and French classics, no crime stories. Having studied Peter for so long, I decided he was unfitted for any career except art, so I cut Latin, Algebra, high mathematics. Around 1930, aged seven, he made his debut in the English film Poor Old Bill. At the age of 14, Lawford severely injured his arm in an accident when it went through a glass door. The injury greatly compromised the use of his arm and hand with irreversible nerve damage. The injury was judged to be enough to prevent his entrance into the armed forces. Instead, Lawford decided to pursue a career as an actor, prior to the Second World War, Lawford had gained a contract position with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios. Once he signed with MGM, his mother insisted that studio head Louis B. Mayer pay her a salary as her sons personal assistant, Lady Lawford responded by claiming her son was a bummer and needed to be supervised
Peter Lawford
–
Peter Lawford in 1955
Peter Lawford
–
In
The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945)
Peter Lawford
–
In
Royal Wedding (1951)
Peter Lawford
–
Peter Lawford (left) sailing with his brother-in-law, President
John F. Kennedy, aboard the yacht "
Manitou," a former USCG training vessel which was used as a "floating White House,' off the coast of Johns Island, Maine (12 August 1962).
70.
Victoria Reggie Kennedy
–
Victoria Anne Reggie Vicki Kennedy is an American lawyer and the second wife and widow of longtime U. S. Senator Ted Kennedy, who was 22 years her senior, the second of six children, Victoria Anne Reggie was born in Crowley, Louisiana. Her father, Edmund Reggie, was a Louisiana judge and banker, Reggie is of Lebanese descent, as all of her grandparents were Maronites from Lebanon, who immigrated to the United States and later settled to Louisiana. Reggies grandparents became important players in the local Roman Catholic church, Reggies immediate family was wealthy because of money from her maternal familys interest in the Bunny Bread baking concern in New Orleans. She was raised in a family that was involved in politics. At the 1956 Democratic National Convention, her father helped deliver his state for John F. Kennedys unsuccessful bid for the vice-presidential nomination, over time, John Kennedy developed a close social relationship with the Reggies. Her mother cast the only Louisiana delegate vote for Ted Kennedy at the 1980 Democratic National Convention, Reggie attended parochial schools growing up and was a straight-A student. She then received her Juris Doctor degree, summa cum laude in 1979 from Tulane University Law School, there she was a member of Tulane Law Review. Her education at Tulane, along twenty years of other Tulane tuition for her brothers and sisters, was paid for by scholarships awarded by a political ally of her father. After law school, Reggie clerked for Judge Robert Arthur Sprecher at the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in Chicago, as an attorney, she specialized in bank law. She met her first husband, Grier C, Raclin, a telecommunications attorney, when they clerked together at the Everett McKinley Dirksen Federal Courthouse in Chicago. Their 1981 church wedding was in Crowley and feted 400 guests with a worth of parties. Following marriage, the moved to Washington, D. C. where she practiced banking and savings and loan law and restructuring and bankruptcy law for Keck. Reggie and Raclin had two children, Curran and Caroline, upon her divorce, she was left to juggle her career as a lawyer with her role as a single mother of two young children. They began dating after meeting again in June 1991 at a party celebrating her parents 40th wedding anniversary, Ted Kennedy said of this meeting, I had known Vicki before, but this was the first time I think I really saw her. The relationship became serious in September 1991 and they were engaged in March 1992, and married July 3,1992, in a civil ceremony at his home in McLean, Virginia. Kennedy was devoted to her two children, in Kennedys 1994 senatorial re-election campaign against Mitt Romney, she was credited by The New York Times with giving him a political advantage in a difficult contest. For a Boston, Massachusetts, reception she organized,1,200 influential New England women met five of Kennedys Senate colleagues, throughout Kennedys campaigns and his senatorial work, she became his principal assistant and closest political advisor
Victoria Reggie Kennedy
–
Vicki Kennedy at the
White House in 2010.
Victoria Reggie Kennedy
–
Electoral
history
71.
John F. Kennedy Jr.
–
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. often referred to as JFK Jr. or John John, was an American lawyer, journalist, and magazine publisher. He was the surviving son of former President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy. His father was assassinated three days before his third birthday, from his early childhood onwards, Kennedy was the subject of great media scrutiny, and he became a popular social figure of Manhattan. Trained as a lawyer, he worked as a New York City Assistant District Attorney for four years, in 1995, he launched George magazine, using his political and celebrity status to publicize it. Kennedy died along with his wife Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy and her elder sister Lauren in the crash of a plane he was piloting. Kennedy had intended to drop off Lauren at Marthas Vineyard before continuing to the wedding of his cousin Rory Kennedy in Hyannis Port, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. was born at Georgetown University Hospital on November 25,1960, two weeks after his father was elected president. His parents had a daughter named Arabella four years before John Jr. s birth. John Jr. had a sister, Caroline, and an infant brother, Patrick. His putative nickname, John-John, came from a reporter who misheard JFK calling him John twice in quick succession, John Jr. lived in the White House during the first three years of his life, and later remained in the public spotlight up until his death. His father was assassinated on November 22,1963, and the funeral was held three days later on John Jr. s third birthday. In a moment that became an image of the 1960s, John Jr. stepped forward. The family continued with their plans for a party, to demonstrate that the Kennedys would go on despite the death of their father. Following his fathers assassination, Kennedy moved to the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City with his mother and sister, where he grew up. In 1967, his mother took him and his sister Caroline on a sentimental journey to Ireland. After his uncle Robert was assassinated in 1968, his mother took him and his out of the United States, saying, If theyre killing Kennedys. I want to get out of this country, the same year, she married Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis, and the family went to live on his private island of Skorpios. Kennedy is said to have considered his stepfather a joke, in 1971, Kennedy returned to the White House with his mother and sister for the first time since the assassination. President Richard Nixons daughters gave Kennedy a tour that included his old bedroom, when Onassis died in 1975, he left Kennedy $25,000, though Jacqueline was able to renegotiate the will, and acquired $20 million for herself and her children
John F. Kennedy Jr.
–
Kennedy greets invited guests at the
HBO and
Imagine Entertainment premiere held at the
Kennedy Space Center in 1998.
John F. Kennedy Jr.
–
JFK Jr. at age two, with his father at the
White House
John F. Kennedy Jr.
–
Family
72.
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy
–
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy was the last child of United States President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy. His birth weight was 4 pounds 10 1⁄2 ounces, shortly after birth, he developed symptoms of hyaline membrane disease, now called infant respiratory distress syndrome. He was transferred to Boston Childrens Hospital where he died two days later, following treatment in a hyperbaric chamber. At that time, all that could be done for a baby with hyaline membrane disease was to make efforts to keep the blood chemistry as close to normal as possible. A funeral mass was held on August 10,1963, in the chapel of Cardinal Richard Cushing in Boston. The child was buried at Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline, Massachusetts. The First Lady and the President were deeply affected by the death, upon their departure from Otis Air Force Base, the couple – seldom publicly affectionate – were seen holding hands. Secret Service agent Clint Hill recalled the couple having a closer relationship that was visible following Patricks death. Press secretary Pierre Salinger believed that while the President and First Lady had been brought closer by the White House, preterm birth Kennedy family Kennedy family tree President John F. Kennedy on the Death of His Infant Son Patrick Bouvier Kennedy Shapell Manuscript Foundation
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy
–
Gravestone in the Kennedy family plot in
Arlington National Cemetery
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy
–
Family
73.
Maria Shriver
–
Maria Owings Shriver is an American journalist, activist, author of six best-selling books, and former First Lady of California. She has received a Peabody Award and was co-anchor for NBCs Emmy-winning coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics, as executive producer of The Alzheimers Project, Shriver earned two Emmy Awards and an Academy of Television Arts & Sciences award for developing a television show with a conscience. She is a member of the Kennedy family, Shriver is currently a special anchor and correspondent for NBC News. Shriver was born in Chicago, Illinois, Shriver is the niece of United States President John F. Kennedy, U. S. Attorney General and U. S. Senator Ted Kennedy and six other siblings, Shriver attended Westland Middle School in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D. C. and graduated in 1973 from Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart in Bethesda. She attended Manhattanville College for two years, then transferred and went on to receive a Bachelor of Arts degree in American studies from Georgetown University in Washington, vice presidential race, calling these orders the best thing that ever happened to me. Shriver also served as anchor on Saturdays, from 1989–1990. She was an anchor on Dateline NBC from 1992 until 2004. In August 2003, Shriver took a leave of absence from NBC News when her husband became a candidate in the 2003 California gubernatorial recall election. Following her husbands November 17,2003, inauguration as the 38th Governor of California and she then returned to reporting, making two more appearances for Dateline NBC. She appeared as herself in the film Last Action Hero and she also played a minor role as herself in Be Prepared, a 2006 episode of the television series Thats So Raven promoting a Preparedness Plan. On March 23,2007, Shriver returned to television news as substitute host of talk show Larry King Live on CNN with musician Sheryl Crow. Shriver announced that she not return to the news media after the excessive media coverage of the death of Anna Nicole Smith. In 2008, Shriver executive-produced American Idealist, The Story of Sargent Shriver, the documentary originally aired on PBS on January 21,2008. The film chronicled the life, accomplishments and vision of her father, Shriver has been a lifelong advocate for people with intellectual disabilities. She is a member of the International Board of Special Olympics and she is also on the advisory board of Best Buddies, a one-to-one friendship and jobs program for people with intellectual disabilities. In addition, Shriver serves as Chair of the Audi Best Buddies Challenge, Hearst Castle, as First Lady, Shriver has been instrumental in the hiring of individuals with intellectual disabilities in the capitol and in various state offices through her WE Include program. In February 2008, Shriver launched an ice cream company called Lovin Scoopful with her brother, twenty-five percent of the proceeds from Lovin Scoopful benefits the Special Olympics
Maria Shriver
–
Shriver in October 2010
Maria Shriver
–
Shriver with her husband
Arnold Schwarzenegger at the 2007
Special Olympics in Shanghai, China
Maria Shriver
–
Shriver in April 2013
74.
Timothy Shriver
–
Timothy Perry Shriver is Chairman of Special Olympics. He was raised as a Catholic along with his siblings, Bobby Shriver, Maria Shriver, Mark Shriver and he is a member of the Kennedy Family through his mother, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. Shriver graduated from St. Albans School, Shriver spent 15 years in public education—some in special education—as a teacher. He became a Fellow at the School Development Program at the Yale Child Study Center and he is currently a board member of Malaria No More, a New York-based nonprofit that was launched at the 2006 White House Summit with the goal of ending all deaths caused by malaria. He is currently the Chairman of Special Olympics, Shriver has served on the Board of Directors of The Future Project, a national initiative to empower young people to discover their passion and change the world, since its founding. And he has written a memoir Fully Alive, Discovering What Matters Most, published by Farrar, Straus, as chairman of Special Olympics, Timothy Shriver has campaigned against mocking of and discrimination against participants in Special Olympics. In 2008, Shriver and supporters called for a boycott of the movie Tropic Thunder, the movie is written, produced by and stars Ben Stiller. Tropic Thunder is a colossal blunder, dont show or see Tropic Thunder. The degrading use of the word together with the broader humiliation of people with intellectual disabilities in the film goes way too far. In November 2014, Timothy Shriver released a book called Fully Alive, Shriver married Linda Potter on May 31,1986. They currently reside in Chevy Chase, Maryland with their five children, Sophia Rose Shriver, Timothy Perry Shriver, Jr. Samuel Kennedy Shriver, Kathleen Shriver and he also remains close to his confirmation son Samuel Rutledge and lifelong friend of son Timothy Potter Shriver. Fully Alive, Discovering What Matters Most, New York, NY, Sarah Crichton Books-Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Timothy Shriver
–
Timothy Shriver
75.
Kara Kennedy
–
Kara Anne Kennedy Allen was a member of the American political dynasty, the Kennedy family. She was the oldest of the three children of U. S, Senator Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts and Joan Bennett Kennedy, and a niece of President John F. Kennedy and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Kara Kennedy served on the boards of charities and was a filmmaker. Kara Anne Kennedy was born in 1960 to Joan and Ted Kennedy in Bronxville, in his book True Compass, Senator Kennedy wrote about his joy at her birth, I had never seen a more beautiful baby nor been more happy. Her siblings are Edward Moore Kennedy, Jr. and Patrick Joseph Kennedy II and she spent her early years in Virginia and Cape Cod. She attended the National Cathedral School in Washington, D. C. and Trinity College, Kennedy graduated from Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts. After graduating from the National Cathedral School in 1978, Kennedy worked on her fathers 1980 Presidential campaign before matriculating at Tufts University, following the receipt of her degree in 1983, she pursued a career in television, working at Fox News in New York. She also was a producer for the television program Evening Magazine at station WBZ-TV in Boston, Kennedy co-managed her fathers successful 1988 re-election campaign with her brother Ted. Kennedy produced films for VSA arts, formerly known as Very Special Arts, one of Kennedys best known projects was a film she produced on Chris Burke, the actor with Down syndrome who starred in the television series Life Goes On. She revealed that the project had as much of a positive impact on her as it did on the viewing audience. In 1990, Kennedy married architect and real estate developer Michael Allen of Jamestown, when their first child, Grace, was born in September 1994, she made the decision to be a full-time mother and homemaker. Her son Max was born in 1996, Kennedy also gave her time to Sibley Hospital, and to the women of the N Street Village in Washington, D. C. She served as a member of the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate where she co-produced a film about the Institute that was shown at its inaugural groundbreaking event. Kennedy was a tutor and was preparing to join the Board of Reading Partners at the time of her death. Kennedy was on the National Advisory Board of the National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, when she married, Kennedy dropped her middle name Anne and replaced it with her maiden name Kennedy as her new middle name. They had two children, Grace Kennedy Allen and Max Greathouse Allen and they were divorced after 11 years of marriage. In 2002, at age 42, Kennedy was diagnosed with lung cancer, the operation was successful, and she resumed an active life that included regular running and swimming. On August 12,2009, Kennedy accepted the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama on behalf of her father at a ceremony in Washington and her father died 13 days later, he had been diagnosed with brain cancer in May 2008
Kara Kennedy
–
Electoral
history
Kara Kennedy
–
Kara Kennedy Allen
76.
Edward M. Kennedy Jr.
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Edward Moore Ted Kennedy Jr. is an American lawyer and politician. He is a partner at Epstein Becker & Green, a firm headquartered in New York City, New York and he is a son of Senator Edward M. Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts and nephew of President John F. Kennedy and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Edward was born to Edward Moore Ted Kennedy and Joan Bennett Kennedy in Boston and he is the brother of Kara and Patrick J. Kennedy. In 1973, when Kennedy was twelve, osteosarcoma was diagnosed in his right leg, the leg was surgically amputated on November 17,1973. On that same day his father had escorted his cousin Kathleen down the aisle at her wedding, a made-for-TV movie, The Ted Kennedy Jr. Story, concentrated on this event in young Kennedys life. In 1982, his mother Joan revealed that Kennedy missed by just ten minutes being aboard Air Florida Flight 90, Kennedy was delayed on the drive to the airport and missed the flight. Kennedy graduated from the private St. Albans School in Washington and he attended Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1984. He continued his studies at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, earning a degree from the School of Forestry. He then attended the University of Connecticut School of Law at night, on May 19,2013, Kennedy received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of New Haven. After graduation he worked at the New Haven law firm Wiggin & Dana specializing in disability issues and he later co-founded served as president of the Marwood Group, a firm that advises corporations about health care and financial services. Kennedy is on the board of directors of the American Association of People with Disabilities, on April 8,2014, Kennedy announced his candidacy for a seat in the Connecticut State Senate representing the states 12th district. He was elected on November 4 and he was re-elected on November 8,2016. Kennedy was first sworn-in on January 7,2015 and she is an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine at Yale University and an environmental advocate. She serves as spokeswoman for Stop the Pipeline, which blocked the Islander East natural gas pipeline across the Long Island Sound. His son, at age 11, announced his intention to run for U. S, Kennedy gave a tribute to his father at his fathers public funeral on August 29,2009. Kennedy family Kennedy family tree Kennedy Curse marwoodgroup. com, Marwood Group official website The Ted Kennedy Jr, Story at the Internet Movie Database Kennedy, Edward M. Jr. Eulogy given by Edward M. Kennedy Jr. for his father
Edward M. Kennedy Jr.
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Electoral
history
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Katherine Schwarzenegger
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Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger is an American author and the elder daughter of actor/politician Arnold Schwarzenegger and broadcast journalist Maria Shriver. Katherine was born and raised in Los Angeles, California and she is the oldest child of actor and politician Arnold Schwarzenegger, and journalist and author Maria Shriver, whose mother Eunice is from the Kennedy family. She has a sister, Christina Schwarzenegger, and two younger brothers, Patrick and Christopher Schwarzenegger. Through her father, she also has a half-brother, Joseph Baena, in May 2012, Schwarzenegger graduated with a degree in Communications from the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California. Her mother delivered the commencement address for the ceremony for the school. In 2010, Schwarzenegger wrote a book entitled Rock What Youve Got, Secrets to Loving Your Inner and Outer Beauty from Someone Whos Been There, Schwarzenegger uses the book to describe her personal journey and encourage other young women to achieve confidence and a positive self-image. She had body-image issues between fourth and seventh grade, but now controls her physical and mental health with walking exercises, Rock What Youve Got, Secrets to Loving Your Inner and Outer Beauty from Someone Whos Been There and Back. Honest Answers from Those Who Have Been There, Katherine Schwarzenegger on Twitter Katherine Schwarzenegger at the Internet Movie Database
Katherine Schwarzenegger
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Schwarzenegger at the World Dog Awards in January 2015
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The Kennedys (museum)
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The Kennedys is a private museum in Berlin, Germany. It is located at Auguststraße 11-13 and displays documents from the lives of the Kennedy family, the Kennedys has one of the worlds most comprehensive collection of photographs, official documents, private papers and holding pieces of the Kennedy family. Approximately 300 photographs and objects are on display, many of which were owned by the Kennedy family. Since 2013 the museum is located in the building of the former Jüdische Mädchenschule Berlin
The Kennedys (museum)
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The Kennedys Museum in Berlin.
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