1.
Dan Fraga
–
Dan Fraga is a Film Director and comic book artist. He started drawing story boards for The Hard Times of RJ Berger, I love all things animation and made it my mission to learn all that I could about the different kinds that are out there and the histories behind the masterpieces we all love. Dan Fraga began his career in the entertainment field as a storyboard artist for commercials and he has worked on many comics like Spider-Man, Wolverine and Bloodstrike. Other career highlights include working on story boards for Hersheys, Victorias Secret, during his time as a storyboard artist, Dan took on several other responsibilities including set design, visual effects supervision and 2nd unit directing. Ive always been a fan of storytelling, I work in animation which is a very rewarding field for lovers of storytelling and art. Fraga made his debut in 2009 on the MTV show The Hard Times of RJ Berger handling the animation duties for the show. There were two seasons about a 15-year-old unpopular RJ Berger who becomes infamous after an embarrassing incident, each episode featured live action intermixed with different styles of animation. He directed the second and third season of the HBO series The Ricky Gervais Show which were voiced by Ricky Gervais, Stephen Merchant, the series was an animated version of The Ricky Gervais Show using audio from previously recorded live radio shows, podcasts and audiobooks. The Grave, a web comic published a panel every day for a year, was Fraga project that started in January 2013, after a long absence from comics. As far as the last thing I worked on in comics that was in print and its been 13 and 1/2 years. The Grave follows a group of kids on a camping trip find a grave with a clothed skeleton. The boys figure out the life of the person behind the grave using clues from the items, the Grave is about the lessons in life that were supposed to learn, its about transformation within ourselves, and ultimately human nature
Dan Fraga
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v
2.
Jay Fraga
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“Jay” Fraga is an American speaker, activist, and former BMX racer. Jay is the founder and executive director of The Knockout Project. He is an advocate on the topic of concussion education. Fraga argues that concussed athletes are unable to judge the severity of their own injuries and need oversight from medically-qualified sideline observers
Jay Fraga
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Jay Fraga
3.
Manuel Fraga Iribarne
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Manuel Fraga Iribarne was a Spanish professor and politician who was the founder of the Peoples Party. He has also both a Deputy in the Congress and a Senator. Fragas career as one of the key figures in Spain straddles both General Francisco Francos dictatorial regime and the subsequent transition to representative democracy. He served as the President of the Xunta of Galicia from 1990 to 2005, Fraga is also one of the Fathers of the Constitution. Fraga was born in Vilalba, Lugo Province, Galicia, trained in law, economics and political science, he began his political career in 1945, during Francisco Francos dictatorship. Fraga authorized the execution of prisoners under the Francoist regime. A notable case is the execution of communist leader Julián Grimau and his death sentence caused a large controversy outside of Spain. Grimau was executed by firing squad in 1963, Fraga never publicly apologized or expressed regret for Grimaus execution. Another notable case was the assassination by Spanish police of Enrique Ruano, Fraga telephoned Ruanos father and threatened to arrest his other daughter, Margot, who also was also an anti-Francoist, unless she immediately stopped her activism. On 8 March 1966, he attempted to dispel fears of an accident after the Palomares hydrogen bombs incident by swimming in the contaminated water with the American ambassador. Fraga also established himself as one of the prominent members of a reformist faction in the government who favoured opening up the regime from above. He introduced an a posteriori censorship law, which was based on lifting pre-publication censorship, additionally, a certain sexual liberality in films was popularly summarized in the expression Con Fraga hasta la braga. This was the first government with Juan Carlos I as chief of state, although Fraga was known to favor liberalising the regime from above, he himself favoured an extremely gradual transition to full democracy. The phrase ¡La calle es mía. was attributed to him as his answer to complaints of police repression of street protests and he claimed that the streets did not belong to people but to the state. He was known to be an admirer of Cánovas del Castillo, during a clash at the Church of St. Fraga was one of the writers of the new Spanish constitution approved in 1978. Along with other former reformist members of Francos regime, he founded the Peoples Alliance, Fraga was reckoned as the Leader of the Opposition to the Spanish Socialist Workers Party government. Following this critical development, Fraga resigned the presidency of the party in 1986, because of the outcry, Fraga dismissed Almirón. With the AP in headlong decline, Fraga resumed the leadership of the party in 1989, with the addition of several lesser Christian democratic parties and the remnants of the Democratic Center Union, he refounded the Peoples Alliance as the Peoples Party
Manuel Fraga Iribarne
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Signature
Manuel Fraga Iribarne
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Manuel Fraga in 1989
4.
Bazett Fraga McRemitz
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Fate/hollow ataraxia is a Japanese visual novel game created by Type-Moon in 2005 which is the sequel to its earlier visual novel Fate/stay night. The word ataraxia in the title is a Greek term for tranquility, the game also was ported to PlayStation Vita, and it includes full-voice acting, among other enhancements. This version was released in Japan on November 27,2014, the plot of Fate/hollow ataraxia is based 6 months after the events of Fate/stay night. Like its preceding counterpart, the story is set in Fuyuki City and she and Avenger set off to fight and win the Holy Grail War. Meanwhile, Shirō Emiya lives a life with all of his friends from the Fifth Holy Grail War. After one of her experiments changes time and space, Rin Tohsaka leaves for the Mages Association in England to fix things, the Servants sense a new danger while dark creatures appear soon afterward. Shirō, as a precaution, sets off to ensure nobody is in danger and instead finds himself frequently meeting a mysterious girl, both Bazett and Shirō find themselves in time loop that lasts four days, beginning of the fourth day of the Fifth Holy Grail War. Each time they die or survive four days, they always awake on the first day of the loop, determined to end the loop, Bazett, Avenger, and Shirō fight to discover the truth behind what is causing the endless four days. Bazett Fraga McRemitz The first of the three protagonists, a mage sent from the Mages Association to fight the 5th War of the Holy Grail, born in Ireland as a descendant of old mage family of an unusual bloodline. She originally summoned Lancer, but was betrayed by her old colleague Kotomine and had her arm with its Command Seals stolen. She was left for dead before she was discovered by Avenger and she is mentioned very briefly in Fate/stay night but does not make an appearance. She is voiced by Hitomi Nabatame in Fate/tiger colosseum, Fate/unlimited codes, Carnival Phantasm, Fate/kaleid liner Prisma Illya, Caren Ortensia A new and central character to the story, Caren is a member of the Church and works as a priestess. She is kind and forgiving to the point that she believes her purpose in life is to help others. She never blames the person who has hurt her and blames the act on demons who caused the person to commit the sin, whenever she is at fault, she apologizes to God rather than the person. Despite her kindness, she has a love for teasing and exploiting others emotional vulnerability, upon discovery of an individuals weak spot, she enjoys bringing it out to light in front of all to witness. While this antagonizes many characters and causes much outrage and humiliation, also, in spite of being a priestess, she has deliberately chosen to wear a revealing costume with no skirt to both increase her mobility and to seduce men. As a member of the Church, Caren assists in exorcisms and her body itself possesses an unusual property, if there is a person nearby who has been possessed by a demon, she will experience the same pain as the possessed person. As a result, exorcists employ her to act as a radar of sorts to find demons and this ability is most evident whenever she comes in proximity to the Servant Avenger as her body sprouts grotesque spikes
Bazett Fraga McRemitz
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Fate/hollow ataraxia visual novel cover
5.
Municipalities of Spain
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The municipalities of Spain are the basic level of Spanish local government. There are a total of 8,118 municipalities in Spain, including the cities of Ceuta. In the Principality of Asturias, municipalities are officially named concejos, the area of the municipal territory usually ranges 2–40 km², but municipalities such as Tremp cover more than 300 km². The organisation of the municipalities is governed by a 2 April 1985 law, the Statutes of Autonomy of the various autonomous communities also contain provisions concerning the relations between the municipalities and the autonomous governments. In general, municipalities enjoy a degree of autonomy in their local affairs, many of the functions of the comarcas. Each municipality is a corporation with independent legal personality, its body is called the ayuntamiento. The ayuntamiento is composed of the mayor, the deputy mayors, the mayor and the deputy mayors are elected by the plenary assembly, which is itself elected by universal suffrage on a list system every four years. The plenary assembly must meet publicly at least every three months at the seat of the ayuntamiento, many ayuntamientos also have a governing commission, named by the mayor from among the councillors, it is required for municipalities of more than 5,000 inhabitants. The governing commission, whose role is to assist the mayor between meetings of the assembly, may not include more than one third of the councillors. List of municipalities of Spain Political divisions of Spain
Municipalities of Spain
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Municipality
6.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
7.
Spain
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By population, Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spains capital and largest city is Madrid, other urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Bilbao. Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago, in the Middle Ages, the area was conquered by Germanic tribes and later by the Moors. Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a government under a constitutional monarchy. It is a power and a major developed country with the worlds fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP. Jesús Luis Cunchillos argues that the root of the span is the Phoenician word spy. Therefore, i-spn-ya would mean the land where metals are forged, two 15th-century Spanish Jewish scholars, Don Isaac Abravanel and Solomon ibn Verga, gave an explanation now considered folkloric. Both men wrote in two different published works that the first Jews to reach Spain were brought by ship by Phiros who was confederate with the king of Babylon when he laid siege to Jerusalem. This man was a Grecian by birth, but who had given a kingdom in Spain. He became related by marriage to Espan, the nephew of king Heracles, Heracles later renounced his throne in preference for his native Greece, leaving his kingdom to his nephew, Espan, from whom the country of España took its name. Based upon their testimonies, this eponym would have already been in use in Spain by c.350 BCE, Iberia enters written records as a land populated largely by the Iberians, Basques and Celts. Early on its coastal areas were settled by Phoenicians who founded Western Europe´s most ancient cities Cadiz, Phoenician influence expanded as much of the Peninsula was eventually incorporated into the Carthaginian Empire, becoming a major theater of the Punic Wars against the expanding Roman Empire. After an arduous conquest, the peninsula came fully under Roman Rule, during the early Middle Ages it came under Germanic rule but later, much of it was conquered by Moorish invaders from North Africa. In a process took centuries, the small Christian kingdoms in the north gradually regained control of the peninsula. The last Moorish kingdom fell in the same year Columbus reached the Americas, a global empire began which saw Spain become the strongest kingdom in Europe, the leading world power for a century and a half, and the largest overseas empire for three centuries. Continued wars and other problems led to a diminished status. The Napoleonic invasions of Spain led to chaos, triggering independence movements that tore apart most of the empire, eventually democracy was peacefully restored in the form of a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Spain joined the European Union, experiencing a renaissance and steady economic growth
Spain
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Lady of Elche
Spain
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Flag
Spain
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Altamira Cave paintings, in
Cantabria.
Spain
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Celtic castro in
A Guarda,
Galicia.
8.
Autonomous communities of Spain
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Spain is not a federation, but a highly decentralized unitary state. Some scholars have referred to the system as a federal system in all. There are 17 autonomous communities and two cities that are collectively known as autonomies. The two autonomous cities have the right to become autonomous communities, but neither has yet used this right and this unique framework of territorial administration is known as the State of Autonomies. The autonomous communities are governed according to the constitution and their own organic laws known as Statutes of Autonomy, since devolution was intended to be asymmetrical in nature, the scope of competences vary for each community, but all have the same parliamentary structure. Spain is a country made up of different regions with varying economic and social structures, as well as different languages. While the entire Spanish territory was united under one crown by the 16th century, the constituent territories—be it crowns, kingdoms, principalities or dominions—retained much of their former institutional existence, including limited legislative, judicial or fiscal autonomy. These territories also exhibited a variety of customs, laws. From the 18th century onwards, the Bourbon kings and the government tried to establish a more centralized regime, leading figures of the Spanish Enlightenment advocated for the building of a Spanish nation beyond the internal territorial boundaries. This culminated in 1833, when Spain was divided into 49 provinces and these were the Basque Country and Catalonia. This gave rise to peripheral nationalisms along with Spanish nationalism, therefore, economic and social changes that had produced a national cultural unification in France had the opposite effect in Spain. In a response to Catalan demands, limited autonomy was granted to Catalonia in 1913 and it was granted again in 1932 during the Second Spanish Republic, when the Generalitat, Catalonias mediaeval institution of government, was restored. During General Francos dictatorial regime, centralism was most forcefully enforced as a way of preserving the unity of the Spanish nation, peripheral nationalism, along with communism and atheism were regarded by his regime as the main threats. When Franco died in 1975, Spain entered into a phase of transition towards democracy, the then Prime Minister of Spain, Adolfo Suárez, met with Josep Tarradellas, president of the Generalitat of Catalonia in exile. An agreement was made so that the Generalitat would be restored and limited competencies would be transferred while the constitution was still being written. In the end, the constitution, published and ratified in 1979, found a balance in recognizing the existence of nationalities and regions in Spain, within the indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation. The starting point in the organization of Spain was the second article of the constitution. In order to exercise this right, the established a open process whereby the nationalities
Autonomous communities of Spain
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A map of
Iberia in 1757
Autonomous communities of Spain
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Galicia
Autonomous communities of Spain
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The Spanish Parliament, Congress of Deputies
Autonomous communities of Spain
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Pro-Catalan independence and pro-Spanish pertenence demonstrations in
Barcelona.
9.
Aragon
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Aragon is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces, Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel, the current Statute of Autonomy declares Aragon a nationality of Spain. Aragons northern province of Huesca borders France and is positioned in the middle of the Pyrenees, within Spain, the community is flanked by Catalonia to the east, Valencia and Castile–La Mancha to the south, and Castile and León, La Rioja, and Navarre to the west. Aragon is home to many rivers—most notably, the river Ebro, Spains largest river in volume and it is also home to the Aneto, the highest mountain in the Pyrenees. As of 2015, the population of Aragon was 1,317,847, with more than half of it living in Zaragoza. As of 2015, half of Aragons population,50. 45%, Huesca is the only other city in the region with a population greater than 50,000. The majority of Aragonese citizens,71. 8%, live in the province of Zaragoza,17. 1% in Huesca and 11. 1% in Teruel, the population density of the region is the second lowest in Spain, only 26, 8/km2, after Castilla La Mancha. Only four cities have more than 20,000 inhabitants, Zaragoza 700,000, Huesca 50,000, Teruel 35,000 and Calatayud 20,000. Spanish is the language in most of Aragon, and it is the only official language, understood. The strip-shaped Catalan-speaking area in Aragon is often called La Franja, with such a low population density large areas of Aragon remain wild and relatively untouched. It is a land of natural contrasts, both in climate and geologically, from the green valleys and snow-capped peaks of the Pyrenees to the dry plains. Aragons Pyrenees include splendid and varied mountain landscapes with soaring peaks, deep canyons, dense forests and its rugged peaks include the Aneto, the highest in the range, the misty Monte Perdido, Perdiguero, Cotiella and many others. The park is one of the last sanctuaries of birds of prey in the range. Many beautiful mountain butterflies and flowers can be seen in the summer, the principal valleys in the mountains include those of Hecho, Canfranc, Tena, Benasque and others. The green valleys hide pretty villages with nice Romanesque churches and typical Pyrenean houses with flowers on the balconies, the oldest Romanesque cathedral in Spain is located in the medieval town of Jaca in the very northern part of Huesca Province. In the Pyrenean foothills, or pre-Pyrenees, the Mallos de Riglos are a natural rock formation. Ancient castles nestle on lonely hills, the most famous being the magnificent Loarre Castle, further south, the Ebro valley, irrigated by the river Ebro, is a rich and fertile agricultural area covered with vast fields of wheat, barley and other fruit and vegetable crops. Many beautiful and little-known settlements, castles and Roman ruins dot the landscape here, some of the most notable towns here include Calatayud, Daroca, Sos del Rey Catolico, Caspe and others
Aragon
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Loarre, one of the most important Romanesque castles in Europe
Aragon
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Flag
Aragon
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View from Ordesa valley in the Aragonese Pyrenees
Aragon
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Circo de Soaso in
Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park
10.
Provinces of Spain
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Spain and its autonomous communities are divided into fifty provinces. The layout of Spains provinces closely follows the pattern of the division of the country carried out in 1833. The only major change of provincial borders since that time has been the sub-division of the Canary Islands into two rather than one. Historically, the provinces served mainly as transmission belts for policies enacted in Madrid, the importance of the provinces has declined since the adoption of the system of autonomous communities in the period of the Spanish transition to democracy. They nevertheless remain electoral districts for national elections and as references, for instance in postal addresses. A small town would normally be identified as being in, say, Valladolid province rather than the community of Castile. The provinces were the building-blocks from which the communities were created. Consequently, no province is divided more than one of these communities. Only two capitals of autonomous communities—Mérida in Extremadura and Santiago de Compostela in Galicia—are not also the capitals of provinces, seven of the autonomous communities comprise no more than one province each, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Cantabria, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, and Navarra. These are sometimes referred to as uniprovincial communities, the table below lists the provinces of Spain. For each, the city is given, together with an indication of the autonomous community to which it belongs. The names of the provinces and their capitals are ordered according to the form in which they appear in the main Wikipedia articles describing them. Unless otherwise indicated, their Spanish-language names are the same, locally valid names in Spains other co-official languages are indicated where they differ
Provinces of Spain
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Provinces of Spain
11.
Huesca (province)
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Huesca, officially Huesca/Uesca, is a province of northeastern Spain, in northern Aragon. Positioned just south of the central Pyrenees, Huesca borders France, within Spain, Huescas neighboring provinces are Navarre, Zaragoza and Lleida. Covering a primarily mountainous area of 15,626 km², the province of Huesca has a population of 228,566. The low population density,14. 62/km², has meant that Huescas lush valleys, rivers, popular with mountaineers, spelunkers, paragliders, and white water rafters it is also a popular snow skiing destination with notable resorts in Candanchú, Formigal, Astún, Panticosa and Cerler. The Romans colonised the province of Huesca, which formed the part of Hispania Tarraconensis. As a mountainous region, it was difficult to dominate. The modern day province comprises 10 comarcas and 202 municipalities, the following comarcas having their capital in Huesca Province include municipal terms within Zaragoza Province, Bajo Cinca, Mequinenza. Hoya de Huesca, Murillo de Gállego and Santa Eulalia de Gállego, jacetania, Artieda, Mianos, Salvatierra de Esca and Sigüés. Monegros, La Almolda, Bujaraloz, Farlete, Leciñena, Monegrillo, in the easternmost areas of the province, varieties of the Catalan language are spoken, with a few transitional dialects difficult to classify as Aragonese or Catalan. List of municipalities in Huesca Diputación Provincial de Huesca
Huesca (province)
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The Marboré lake with the
Monte Perdido and the
Cilindro de Marboré in the background
Huesca (province)
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"The Egg of
Morrano " or the "
Peña Falconera " rock formation (
Spanish: El Huevo de Morrano).
12.
Comarcas of Spain
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In Spain traditionally and historically, some autonomous communities are also divided into comarcas. Some comarcas have a clearly defined status, are regulated by law, there is even a comarca, the Cerdanya that is divided between two states, the southwestern half being counted as a comarca of Spain, while the northeastern half is part of France. In English, a comarca is equivalent to a district, county, or sometimes four, Tierra de Pinares. However, historic approaches establish six comarcas, Tierra de Pinares, Tierras de Cantalejo y Santa María la Real de Nieva. Tierra de Campos Montes Torozos Páramos del Esgueva Tierra de Pinares Campo de Peñafiel Campiña del Pisuerga Tierras de Medina Alfoz de Toro, Spain Comarcas, list of the Spanish comarcas
Comarcas of Spain
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Comarcas of Andalusia
Comarcas of Spain
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Comarca
13.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
Daylight saving time
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Ancient
water clock that lets hour lengths vary with season.
Daylight saving time
–
G. V. Hudson invented modern DST, proposing it first in 1895.
Daylight saving time
–
Retailers generally favor DST.
United Cigar Stores hailed a 1918 DST bill.
Daylight saving time
–
William Willett independently proposed DST in 1907 and advocated it tirelessly.
14.
Central European Summer Time
–
It corresponds to UTC + two hours. Other names which have been applied to Central European Summer Time are Middle European Summer Time, Central European Daylight Saving Time, and Bravo Time. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed between 1,00 UTC on the last Sunday of March and 1,00 on the last Sunday of October, the following countries and territories use Central European Summer Time. In addition, Libya used CEST during the years 1951–1959, 1982–1989, 1996–1997, European Summer Time Other countries and territories in UTC+2 time zone Other names of UTC+2 time zone
Central European Summer Time
–
light blue
15.
List of postal codes in Spain
–
Postal codes were introduced and standardized in Spain in 1985, when Correos introduced automated mail sorting. The first two digits of the postal code correspond to one of the fifty provinces of Spain, plus the two cities on the African coast. Some codes are reserved for use at the province capital,070 for official use by Correos. 071 to address state agencies at the given province,080 for P. O. boxes and mail lists. Large cities such as Madrid and Barcelona, were divided into postal districts similar to the arrondissement system in Paris, Plaza de España,18 Madrid 8 Travessera de Gràcia,56, 4rt 1a. Barcelona 6 These former postal districts were incorporated into the postal codes, Plaza de España,1828008 Madrid Travessera de Gràcia,56
List of postal codes in Spain
–
2-digit postcode areas Spain(defined through the first two postcode digits)
16.
Catalan language
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Catalan is a Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands. It also has status in the commune of Alghero, situated on the northwestern coast of the island of Sardinia. All these territories are often called Catalan Countries. 4% with Catalan and 47. 5% only Spanish, in order to integrate newcomers, the Generalitat de Catalunya spends part of its annual budget on the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalonia and in other territories. Catalan evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees, during the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon, and was widely used all over the Mediterranean. The union of Aragon with the territories of Spain in 1479 marked the start of the decline of the language. In 1659 Spain ceded Northern Catalonia to France, and Catalan was banned in both states in the early 18th century, 19th-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, which culminated in the 1913 orthographic standardization, and the official status of the language during the Second Spanish Republic. However, the Francoist dictatorship banned the use of Catalan in schools and in the public administration, there is no parallel in Europe for such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community. Catalan dialects are relatively uniform, and are mutually intelligible and they are divided into two blocks, Eastern and Western, differing mostly in pronunciation. The terms Catalan and Valencian are two varieties of the same language, there are two institutions regulating the two standard varieties, the Institute of Catalan Studies in Catalonia and the Valencian Academy of the Language in the Valencian Community. Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages, thus, the similarities are naturally most notable with eastern Occitan. Nouns have two genders, and two numbers, pronouns additionally can have a neuter gender, and some are also inflected for case and politeness, and can be combined in very complex ways. Verbs are split in several paradigms and are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, mood, in terms of pronunciation, Catalan has many words ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters, in contrast with many other Romance languages. The word Catalan derives from the territory of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology, in English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain. It is attested a language name since at least 1652, Catalan can be pronounced as /ˈkætəlæn/, /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/. The endonym is pronounced /kə. təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, in the Valencian Community, the term valencià is frequently used instead. The names Catalan and Valencian are two names for the same language, see also status of Valencian below. By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south
Catalan language
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Homilies d'Organyà (12th century)
Catalan language
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Catalan
Catalan language
–
Fragment of the Greuges de Guitard Isarn (ca. 1080–1095), one of the earliest texts written almost completely in Catalan, predating the famous
Homilies d'Organyà by a century
Catalan language
–
Official Decree Prohibiting the Catalan Language in France
17.
Cinca River (Spain)
–
The Cinca is a river in Aragon, Spain. Its source is in the Circo de Pineta, in the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park and it is a tributary to the Segre River, with its confluence at La Granja dEscarp, not far from the point where the Segre flows into the Ebro River. The Cinca River flows through an agricultural region. The Cinca is born in the area of Pineta and begins its descent between cascades and torrents, in the mountains of the Tres Sorores and it flows across the entire Pineta valley. In Bielsa it joins with the Barrosa, and somewhat later the Cinqueta, upon reaching Aínsa it is joined on the right side by the Ara River, where the Mediano Reservoir is located. Immediately after the Mediano, after crossing the throat of the Entremón, just after this, it is joined on the left side by the Ésera River, the Cincas most important tributary. On the right side it is joined by the Vero River, later, the Alcanadre pours into it on the right. Finally, in Massalcoreig, it joins the Segre to flow into the Ebro River, the presence of humans is not found in the upper stretches of the river, but only in the middle stretches, although it is known from ancient accounts. The migratory villages, in the first Iron Age, used the Cinca Valley in their path to the interior, the current name of the river comes from Cinga, because Julius Caesar in his account of the civil war used that name. It underwent a change of name under the Moors because it came to have the name Az-Zaytum, Cinca Medio Baix Cinca List of rivers of Spain Cinca River - Geography La Pinzana, Centro de Interpretación del río Cinca Cinca River - Hydrology
Cinca River (Spain)
–
Small waterfall in the upper course of the Cinca, in Valle de Pineta, near its source
18.
Census
–
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population, the term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses, other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications, the word is of Latin origin, during the Roman Republic, the census was a list that kept track of all adult males fit for military service. Current administrative data systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the level of detail but raise concerns about privacy. A census can be contrasted with sampling in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population, typically main population estimates are updated by such intercensal estimates. Modern census data are used for research, business marketing, and planning. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in opinion polling, similarly, stratification requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions. In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide accurate information than attempts to get a population census. A census is often construed as the opposite of a sample as its intent is to count everyone in a rather than a fraction. However, population censuses rely on a frame to count the population. This is the way to be sure that everyone has been included as otherwise those not responding would not be followed up on. The fundamental premise of a census is that the population is not known, the use of a sampling frame is counterintuitive as it suggests that the population size is already known. However, a census is also used to collect data on the individuals in the nation. This process of sampling marks the difference between historical census, which was a house to house process or the product of a decree. The sampling frame used by census is almost always an address register, thus it is not known if there is anyone resident or how many people there are in each household. Depending on the mode of enumeration, a form is sent to the householder, as a preliminary to the dispatch of forms, census workers will check any address problems on the ground. While it may seem straightforward to use the postal service file for this purpose, a particular problem is what are termed communal establishments which category includes student residences, religious orders, homes for the elderly, people in prisons etc
Census
–
Census taker visits a
Romani family living in a
caravan,
Netherlands 1925
19.
Battle of Fraga
–
The Battle of Fraga was a battle of the Spanish Reconquista that took place on 17 July 1134 at Fraga, Aragon, Spain. The battle resulted in an Almoravid victory, the Aragonese monarch Alfonso I died shortly after the battle. Specifically, they targeted the low lands around the Segre and Cinca Rivers all the way to the mouth of the Ebro, the most important towns in this region were Lleida, Mequinenza, Fraga, and Tortosa. In July 1134, King Alfonso I of Aragon the Battler, known by the Muslims as Ibn Rudmir or al-Farandji, the Almoravid response was swift and decisive. The Emir of Cordoba, son of the caliph, equipped a force of 2,000 knights, the Enur if Murcia and Valencia put together 500 knights, once these forces were joined together, they marched to the relief of Fraga. On 17 July 1134 brought the arrival of a Almohad relief force, led by the governor of Lérida, seeing reinforcements, the besieged Fragans sallied out, however Alfonso I, still confident in his numerical and tactical advantage, rallied his troops. His entourage clashed with the cavalry of the emir of Murcia, the Almoravid cavalry decimated the Aragonese soldiers. Upon seeing this, the townspeople, most of whom were of Arab origin, exited the city and they made off with all of the Aragonese armys provisions and took them back into the city of Fraga. At this moment, the emir of Cordoba launched a final attack stroke with his cavalry, having lost a majority of his soldiers, Alfonso I the Battler was obliged to flee and made for Zaragoza. He would die 7 September 1134, the Aragonese toll at Fraga was significant. Amongst the dead or captured were many members of Aragonese society. Guy of Lescar fought with the Christian forces and he was captured by the Almoravid forces and imprisoned at Balensiyya. Ermengard of Narbonne and the World of the Troubadours, the Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031-1157. La frontière et les hommes, le peuplement musulman au nord de lEbre et les débuts de la reconquête aragonaise
Battle of Fraga
–
Alfonso I of Aragon the Battler.
20.
Moors
–
Moors are not a distinct or self-defined people, and mainstream scholars observed in 1911 that The term Moors has no real ethnological value. Medieval and early modern Europeans variously applied the name to Arabs, Berber North Africans and Muslim Europeans. The term has also used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims in general, especially those of Arab or Berber descent. During the colonial era, the Portuguese introduced the names Ceylon Moors and Indian Moors in Sri Lanka, in 711, troops mostly formed by Moors from North Africa led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The Iberian peninsula then came to be known in classical Arabic as Al-Andalus, in 827, the Moors occupied Mazara on Sicily, developing it as a port. They eventually consolidated the rest of the island and some of southern Italy, in 1224 the Muslims were expelled from Sicily to the settlement of Lucera, which was destroyed by European Christians in 1300. The fall of Granada in 1492 marked the end of Muslim rule in Iberia, the Berber tribes of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendered as Moors in English and in related variations in other European languages. Mauri is recorded as the name by Strabo in the early 1st century. This appellation was also adopted into Latin, whereas the Greek name for the tribe was Maurusii, in medieval Romance languages, variations of the Latin word for the Moors developed different applications and connotations. During the context of the Crusades and the Reconquista, the term Moors included the suggestion of infidels. Apart from these associations and context, Moor and Moorish designate a specific ethnic group speaking Hassaniya Arabic. They inhabit Mauritania and parts of Algeria, Western Sahara, Tunisia, Morocco, Niger, in Niger and Mali, these peoples are also known as the Azawagh Arabs, after the Azawagh region of the Sahara. Some authors have pointed out that in modern colloquial Spanish use of the term moro is derogatory for Moroccans in particular, however, this designation has gained more acceptance in the south. In the Philippines, a former Spanish colony, many modern Filipinos call the large, local Muslim minority concentrated in Mindanao, the word is a catch-all term, as Moro may come from several distinct ethno-linguistic groups such as the Maranao people. The term was introduced by Spanish colonisers, and has since been appropriated by Filipino Muslims as an endonym, moreno can mean dark-skinned in Spain, Portugal, Brazil, and the Philippines. Also in Spanish, morapio is a name for wine, especially that which has not been baptized or mixed with water. Among Spanish speakers, moro came to have a broader meaning, Moro refers to all things dark, as in Moor, moreno, etc. It was also used as a nickname, for instance, the Milanese Duke Ludovico Sforza was called Il Moro because of his dark complexion, in Portugal, mouro may refer to supernatural beings known as enchanted moura, where moor implies alien and non-Christian
Moors
–
Depiction of Moors in
Iberia. Taken from the
Tale of Bayad and Riyad
Moors
–
Depiction of three Moorish knights found on
Alhambra 's Ladies Tower
Moors
–
Castillian ambassadors attempting to convince Moorish Almohad king
Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada to join their alliance (contemporary depiction from The Cantigas de Santa María)
Moors
–
Reconstruction of costumes of Moorish
nobility from a German book published in 1880
21.
Bajo Cinca/Baix Cinca
–
Bajo Cinca or Baix Cinca is a comarca in eastern Aragon, Spain. It is named after river Cinca and this comarca is located in the southeastern corner of the Huesca province. The administrative capital is Fraga, with 13,592 inhabitants the largest town of the comarca, Bajo Cinca/Baix Cinca borders La Litera/La Llitera, Cinca Medio, Monegros and Bajo Aragón-Caspe/Baix Aragó-Casp in Aragon and Segrià and Ribera dEbre in Catalonia. This comarca belongs to the Catalan-speaking strip in eastern Aragon known as La Franja, the Catalan names of the towns are in brackets. Ballobar Belver de Cinca Candasnos Chalamera Fraga Mequinenza Ontiñena Osso de Cinca Torrente de Cinca Velilla de Cinca Zaidín Cinca Medio La Franja Official website
Bajo Cinca/Baix Cinca
–
View of
Fraga with Saint Peter's church in front
Bajo Cinca/Baix Cinca
–
Bajo Cinca/Baix Cinca
22.
Province of Huesca
–
Huesca, officially Huesca/Uesca, is a province of northeastern Spain, in northern Aragon. Positioned just south of the central Pyrenees, Huesca borders France, within Spain, Huescas neighboring provinces are Navarre, Zaragoza and Lleida. Covering a primarily mountainous area of 15,626 km², the province of Huesca has a population of 228,566. The low population density,14. 62/km², has meant that Huescas lush valleys, rivers, popular with mountaineers, spelunkers, paragliders, and white water rafters it is also a popular snow skiing destination with notable resorts in Candanchú, Formigal, Astún, Panticosa and Cerler. The Romans colonised the province of Huesca, which formed the part of Hispania Tarraconensis. As a mountainous region, it was difficult to dominate. The modern day province comprises 10 comarcas and 202 municipalities, the following comarcas having their capital in Huesca Province include municipal terms within Zaragoza Province, Bajo Cinca, Mequinenza. Hoya de Huesca, Murillo de Gállego and Santa Eulalia de Gállego, jacetania, Artieda, Mianos, Salvatierra de Esca and Sigüés. Monegros, La Almolda, Bujaraloz, Farlete, Leciñena, Monegrillo, in the easternmost areas of the province, varieties of the Catalan language are spoken, with a few transitional dialects difficult to classify as Aragonese or Catalan. List of municipalities in Huesca Diputación Provincial de Huesca
Province of Huesca
–
The Marboré lake with the
Monte Perdido and the
Cilindro de Marboré in the background
Province of Huesca
Province of Huesca
–
"The Egg of
Morrano " or the "
Peña Falconera " rock formation (
Spanish: El Huevo de Morrano).
23.
Ayerbe
–
Ayerbe is also the name of a village in the Broto municipality. Ayerbe is a town in the Hoya de Huesca comarca, in the community of Aragon in Spain. Ayerbe is located 28 km from Huesca on highway A132 in the direction of Pamplona and it is located at 42°16′36″N 00°41′21″W, with a height above sea level of Alicante of 582 m. and an area of 63.29 square kilometres. It is located in an excavated erosive depression in the surface of the Tertiary period, the soil is dry, loose and stony, generally level with a sprinkling of small isolated hills. The land is covered by pines, olive and almond trees. There are also areas of production to the east and south. It is also populated by oaks, rosemary, gorse. There are occasional occurrences of rabbits, hares and partridges, the area is particularly attractive to bird watchers, who come to see the lammergeier, griffon vulture and Egyptian vultures, as well as a wide variety of birds of prey. Hunters find plenty of wild boars and deer, as well as partridge, ayerbes main claim to fame is that Santiago Ramón y Cajal, winner of the 1906 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine, lived here for ten years. The town promotes his memory with a museum and visitor centre, Ayerbe library holds a collection of Cajal-related books with more than 250 works and documents for public use. Ayerbe has a library, casino, bars, municipal swimming pool and, around the town. There are several restaurants, a hotel and bed and breakfast accommodation, other attractions include Fontaneta park and the La Fuente de los Tres Caños fountain. The hill directly behind the town is the location of a now renovated chapel at one end and these can be reached on foot or by all terrain vehicle and provide excellent views of the surrounding countryside. The town is known by many in the region for its Tortas de Ayerbe, visitors can also purchase locally produced wine, olive oil and honey. The Fiesta of Santa Leticia takes place around September 9 and lasts for four to six days. In 2005 the 6th meeting of the Giants of Aragon took place in the town, the week of the mushrooms has been celebrated in the town for years in the month of October and constitutes a social event on an international level. Palace of Ayerbe fontaneta. blogspot. com Reino de los Mallos www. ayerbe. es Carnicraba Himno a la Virgen de Casbas Fichero Audio
Ayerbe
–
The 16th-century Palacio of the
Marquesses de Ayerbe is now a private building, used as a music school
Ayerbe
–
Location of Ayerbe
Ayerbe
–
Some of Ayerbe's Giants which parade every year as part of the Feast of
Santa Leticia.
Ayerbe
–
"Refollau" dessert from Ayerbe
24.
Azara, Huesca
–
Azara is a municipality in the province of Huesca, Spain. In 2010, it had a population of 200 inhabitants and it is located in the middle of a valley named after Alferche, to the right of the La Clamor Canyon, surrounded by sandstone the highest among which is Peña de Santa Margarita,40 km away from Huesca. The Santa Lucia Church Peña/Piedra Santa Margarita was an old castle belonging to Arabs, for lieutenant it had to Barbatuerta immediately after the reconquista, and in times of Labaña it belonged to Sanjuanistas de Barbastro. Major feast is celebrated from 13 December to 16 December in honour of Santa Lucía
Azara, Huesca
–
Church in Azara
Azara, Huesca
–
Azara
25.
Barbastro
–
Barbastro is a city in the Somontano county, province of Huesca, Spain. The city is at the junction of the rivers Cinca and Vero, an ancient Celtiberian city called Bergidum or Bergiduna, in Roman times Barbastro was included in the Hispania Citerior region, and later of Hispania Tarraconensis. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was part of the Visigoth kingdom. Barbastro and the Barbitaniya area were overtaken by Musa bin Nusair in 717, as part of the Ummayad push to conquer northern states of the Marca Hispanica and the name Madyar was given to the town. It was later settled by the Banu Jalaf who made it the capital of the Emirate of Barbineta and Huesca until 862, and was known as the Emirate of Brabstra until 882. In 1064, Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragón, and his Frankish Christian forces, led by William VIII of Aquitaine and Le Bon Normand, invaded the city and this attack was known as the Siege of Barbastro. Contemporary sources state that 50,000 people died in the attack, the following year, however, it was reconquered by the Moors. In 1101 it was conquered by Peter I of Aragon, who made it a bishopric seat, Barbastro since then followed the history of Aragon and Spain. During the Spanish Civil War 51 Claretians were executed in Barbastro by militiamen of the Popular Front, numerous socialist, republican and communist activists were jailed and executed in the following years by the Fascist regime of Francisco Franco. Barbastros economy flourished until the 20th century, when a period of decline began, bartolomé and Lupercio de Argensola, brothers, historians and poets who were part of the Spanish siglo de oro, a period of flourishing in arts and literature in Spain. Antonio Ricardos Carrillo de Albornoz, was a general of the Spanish army. Josemaría Escrivá, founder of Opus Dei, an institution of the Roman Catholic Church, saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne Barbastro Cathedral Diocese of Barbastro-Monzón This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain, Herbermann, Charles, ed. article name needed. The Historic Atlas of Iberia Media related to Barbastro at Wikimedia Commons Barbastro travel guide from Wikivoyage History of Entremuro Places, people and events about citys old quarter
Barbastro
–
Barbastro
26.
Benabarre
–
Benabarre, in Ribagorçan and Aragonese, Benavarri is a town in the Aragonese county of Ribagorza, in the province of Huesca, Spain. It was during the Spanish War of Independence, from 1808-1814, Graus population since that time has increased such that it is the largest town in Ribagorza and has consequently evolved into the role of administrative county seat. Despite this, Benabarre continues to be a significant historical and cultural center of attraction, in 1991, Benabarres population was at 1,233, and has since declined to 1,112, as of 2004. Situated within the area of La Franja, Benabarres local dialect of Ribagorçan is a form of Catalan
Benabarre
–
Benabarre Benavarri
27.
Benasque
–
Benasque, in Benasquese dialect, Benás is a town in the comarca of Ribagorza, province of Huesca. It is the town in the Benasque Valley, located in the heart of the Pyrenees. The climate is of a mountain type, with cool summers. Its average annual temperature is 9.4 degrees Celsius, the regional language of Benasque is a Catalan–Aragonese transitional dialect that shares features with Gascon. It is usually called Patués by its native speakers, possessing features that are transitional between Aragonese and Catalan, it has sometimes been classified as a variety of Catalan. To promote the language, the local council has held an annual writing. Separate awards are given to young and adult authors. Wikipedia
Benasque
–
A sticker in Benasque, saying "Benas ¿que?", meaning "Benas what?". "Benasque" is the Spanish name of the town, while the name in the local dialect is "Benás".
Benasque
–
Benasque/Benasc flag
28.
Biescas
–
Biescas is a municipality of northeastern Spain close to the border with France, in the midst of the Pyrenees in the province of Huesca. The name seems to provide from the term bizka, which means hill in a Proto-Indo-European language, the town of Biescas is located at 875 meters altitude on the banks of the Gállego river. The municipality extends along a plain and includes the canyon to access to the Tena Valley. At 72 km north of the main city Huesca, Biescas is a hub between the regions of Jacetania and Sobrarbe. The town is located to crossing the Gállego river, as a link between the valleys of Tena and Ara. The municipality extends over an area of 189.09 km², the economic activities in Biescas have historically been traditional farming of cereals and of fodder for livestock, logging of forests, and bovine cattle and sheep for local consumption. At the beginning of the century, Biescas highlighted in the region for its wool traditional textile industry, specialized in blankets. Since the beginning of the nineties of the century, tourism has replaced the traditional economy of the town. Residents have been gradually leaving farming and agriculture to engage in construction, currently Biescas constitutes an important touristic point in the central Pyrenees, both in summer and winter. The oldest pieces of evidence from human presence in the Biescas municipality are Neolithic cists from the plain of Santa Engracia, one of them has been restored. Biescas began to form as a village in the Middle Ages, the first document of its existence is a citation in the Cartulary of San Juan de la Peña, between 1020 and 1030 AC. In a document of 1391 it appears cited with the name of Biescas Sobirón, Biescas has always been a town endowed with royal privileges and had two ecclesiastical parishes, San Salvador and San Pedro. Although in the old ages it also had two temples, the San Torcuato and St. Stephen churches. It is also documented that the hermitage of Santa Elena was reconstructed by King James I in 1253 and endowed with privileges by King Ferdinand in 1484 and King Charles V in 1525. In the sixteenth century, King Philip II ordered to fortify the Santa Elena canyon to protect his kingdoms of possible threats from beyond the Pyrenees. To this end, The Castle of San Pedro was built in neighboring Jaca together with other defenses still visible in the valleys of the Aragon and Gállego rivers. In this context, on 6 and 7 February 1592 eight hundred people from Béarn invaded and occupied Biescas, during the Spanish Civil War Biescas was almost razed. At the beginning of the conflict the town was conquered by the rebel side and was involved in the Battle of Sabiñánigo
Biescas
–
Gállego river in Biescas
29.
Bonansa
–
Bonansa is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census, the municipality has a population of 102 inhabitants, bonansa is located in the central Pyrenees, close to the Spanish-French border. In a beautiful spot near the Noguera Ribagorzana river
Bonansa
–
Bonansa
Bonansa
30.
Canfranc
–
Canfranc is a municipality in the Aragon Valley of north-eastern Spain consisting of two towns. Comarca of Jacetania province of Huesca autonomous community of Aragón The name of the village is from Campus Franci and it was founded between 1080–90 by Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragón. Canfranc was also a command post, protecting the borders and controlling taxes, on 29 October 1288, the treaty of Canfranc mediated by Edward I of England was signed here, providing for the release of Charles II of Naples from his imprisonment by Peter III of Aragon. The village, which lies in the valley of the Aragón River covers an area of 71.6 km² and is situated at an altitude of 1040 m. The remains to be seen include a Romanesque pilgrims bridge and two churches of interest, Nuestra Señora de la Asunción with four Baroque retablos, and la Trinidad. The town was obliterated by fire in 1617 and again in 1944 and this small village was largely created due to the inauguration of a railroad crossing the Pyrenees on 18 July 1928. Canfranc Estación is most well known due to its huge abandoned railway station, the French side of the railway station is a forsaken place since an accident destroyed the bridge at nearby LEstanguet. There are rumours of German gold arriving here during World War II, also, British espionage smuggled information and people from Vichy France to the consulate in San Sebastián through Canfranc since the nearer Irún bordered with occupied France. The railway station is the highlight of the village and was used during the filming of Doctor Zhivago, the abandoned railways Tunnel of Somport is now used as an emergency lane for the motorways Tunnel of Somport and is also used for the Laboratorio subterráneo de Canfranc. Canfranc-Pueblo celebrates the Assumption of the Virgin Mary on 15 August, web dedicated to the history of Canfranc Pyrenees crossing - snow and cognac Travel experience in 1971 after the accident 27 mars,1970 — laccident The Estanguet bridge accident
Canfranc
–
Canfranc town hall.
Canfranc
–
Abandoned French side of
the Canfranc train station in 1994
31.
Graus
–
Graus is a village in the Spanish province of Huesca, located in the Pyrenees at the confluence of rivers Esera and Isabena. It is the capital of the region. It is one of the areas of Aragon in which is preserved the Aragonese language. The Battle of Graus took place here, and Spanish philosopher Baltasar Gracián y Morales was exiled here, during the Spanish Civil War, the village of Graus served as a fairly important local commercial center with 2,600 inhabitants around 1936. It was a stronghold and a centre of collectivization at that time. There are also uninhabited villages, Bafaluy, Cancer, Erdao, Fantova, Grustán, Pano, the first population in Graus is dated from the Paleolithic as is evidenced by the remains found at the site of Las Forcas close to the Morral Rock. After this battle, Graus was ceded to the monastery of St. Victorian of Asan, being responsible for rebuilding and repopulate the town, giving important privileges to those who populate Graus. In 1223, Peter II of Aragon granted the town with the title of Very Noble and Very Old Village of Graus, in 1415 the Dominican friar St. Vincent Ferrer visited the village being invited by Berenguer de Bardaxi. Both were commissioners three years earlier in Caspe, resolving the problem of succession of the Crown of Aragon, the Valencian saint was preaching here with great success, giving in appreciation of all done by the town a crucifix which is preserved and venerated in the local church. The main festivities of the town are dedicated to Vincent Ferrer, centuries later, in 1588, Philip II of Spain set a weekly market every Monday that has lasted until now. Lately, in 1681 Charles II of Spain added the Santa Lucia fair every May, in these centuries is also built the most important monument of the town, the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rock. In the 1920s, Graus incorporates the towns of Barasona and Benavente de Aragón, in the 1960s, Graus incorporates the towns of Aguinalíu, Panillo, Puebla de Fantova and Torruella de Aragon. And finally, in the 1970s, the village absorbs the towns of Chuseu, Güell and this dance has a structure consisting of three different musical fragments, known as Cardelina, Taninaná and Culebreta. It is danced by five groups with a total of twenty dancers, dressed in different outfits, the most striking is that used by the middle frame, whose dancers wears pompous lace, stockings, gloves, necklaces and flowered hats. The explanation for this costume can be found in trying to incorporate the element in a male dance that, originally, was in honour of strength. It is more modern than the one, because his music is a traditional grausina polka introduced in the second half of the 19th century and is played with orchestra. This polka was played on bagpipes before, and was known as the old polka, the dancers dance holding a ribbons around a large pole decorated with ribbons and flowers, representing an ancestral fertility celebration. Previously, it was danced by men until the 1960s
Graus
–
Main Square, Graus
32.
La Fueva
–
La Fueva is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, western Spain. As of 2010, the municipality has a population of 619 inhabitants, the main settlement, and municipal seat, is the village of Tierrantona. The ruins of the Real Monasterio de San Victorián are located in La Fueva municipal term, Real Monasterio de San Victorián Peña Montañesa Official website Muro de Roda in the Sobrarbe tourist portal
La Fueva
–
Landscape in La Fueva.
33.
Labuerda
–
Labuerda is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2009 data from INE, the municipality has a population of 172 inhabitants, Labuerda, the main town San Vicente de Labuerda, which includes the municipalitys main attraction, the church of San Vicente. The building has a 12th-century Romanesque nucleus, including the nave, presbytery, in the 16th century the side chapels, the sacristy and the bell tower were added, and in the 18th century another chapel and a portico. Cadeilhan-Trachère, France Media related to Labuerda at Wikimedia Commons
Labuerda
–
Church of San Vicente.
Labuerda
–
Exconjuratory in San Vicente de Labuerda with the massive
Peña Montañesa towering behind it
34.
Plan, Huesca
–
Plan is a municipality located in the Sobrarbe comarca, province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 336 inhabitants, the Ibón de Plan or Basa de la Mora lake is located within its municipal term. In 1985, Plan made Spanish news since local bachelors organized a caravan of women watching the American 1951 Western Westward the Women. At the moment there were over forty men and just one single women. Most of the women had emigrated. An advertisement in the calling for women between 20 and 40 with marriage intentions for Pyrenees village resulted in 33 marriages, revitalizing Plan
Plan, Huesca
–
View of Plan
Plan, Huesca
–
View of
Ibon de Plan lake with Peña de las Once in the background
35.
Sesa
–
Sesa is a municipality located in the Hoya de Huesca comarca, province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 225 inhabitants, there is an ancient Iberian archaeological site at a place known as El Portillo, located within Sesas municipal term. In the Middle Ages there was an important castle in Sesa, Sesa official Site Information on Sesa
Sesa
–
Sesa
36.
Virtual International Authority File
–
The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records
Virtual International Authority File
–
Screenshot 2012
37.
Integrated Authority File
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The Integrated Authority File or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives, the GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero license, the GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web, available in the RDF format
Integrated Authority File
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GND screenshot
Spain
Aragón
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