The Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory, more commonly known as the Free City of Cracow, and the Republic of Cracow, was a city republic created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which included the Polish city of Cracow and its surrounding areas.
Granting of the constitution of the Free City of Kraków, 1815–1818. (Painting from the mid-19th century).
Galician slaughter (Polish "Rzeź galicyjska") by Jan Lewicki (1795–1871).
Stanisław Wodzicki [pl], first President of the Senate 1815–1831.
A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. They have existed in many parts of the world since the dawn of history, including cities such as Rome, Carthage, Athens and Sparta and the Italian city-states during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, such as Florence, Venice, Genoa and Milan.
The Republic of Ragusa, a maritime city-state, was based in the walled city of Dubrovnik
Tangier
Monaco, known for its casino, royalty and scenic harbour
Singapore, modern city-state and island country