A golden bull or chrysobull was a decree issued by Byzantine emperors and monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
Imperial chrysobull of Alexios III of Trebizond, 1374
The gold seal of the Golden Bull of 1356 issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from 500 AD to 1500, although some prefer other start and end dates. The Middle Ages is the second of the three traditional divisions of Western history: antiquity, medieval, and modern. Major developments include the predominance of agriculture in the economy, the exploitation of the peasantry, slow interregional communication, the importance of interpersonal relations in power structures, and the fragility of state bureaucracy. The medieval period is itself sometimes subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages, and the early medieval period is alternatively referred to as the Dark Ages.
A stained glass panel from Canterbury Cathedral, c. 1175 – c. 1180. It depicts the Parable of the Sower, a biblical narrative.
Palais des Papes (Avignon, France)
One Zhiznomir's letter to a certain Mikula written on birch bark in the city of Novgorod in the early 12th century
Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs (now in Venice, Italy)