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History
Hereditary peer
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The hereditary peers form part of the peerage in the United Kingdom. As of August 2023, there are 805 hereditary peers: 30 dukes, 34 marquesses, 189 earls, 110 viscounts, and 442 barons.
The House of Lords (sitting in its old chamber, burned down in 1834) as drawn by Augustus Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson for Rudolph Ackermann’s Microcos
The House of Lords (sitting in its old chamber, burned down in 1834) as drawn by Augustus Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson for Rudolph Ackermann’s Microcosm of London (1808–1811)
Letters patent granting the Dukedom of Marlborough to Sir John Churchill were later amended by Parliament
Letters patent granting the Dukedom of Marlborough to Sir John Churchill were later amended by Parliament
In 1984 Harold Macmillan, a former prime minister, was the last non-royal recipient of a hereditary peerage, the Earldom of Stockton
In 1984 Harold Macmillan, a former prime minister, was the last non-royal recipient of a hereditary peerage, the Earldom of Stockton
Matt Ridley, science writer and conservative journalist, is the Viscount Ridley
Matt Ridley, science writer and conservative journalist, is the Viscount Ridley
Peerages in the United Kingdom
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Peerages in the United Kingdom form a legal system comprising both hereditary and lifetime titles, composed of various ranks, and within the framework of the Constitution of the United Kingdom form a constituent part of the legislative process and the British honours system. The British monarch is considered the fount of honour and is notionally the only person who can grant peerages, though there are many conventions about how this power is used, especially at the request of the British government. The term peerage can be used both collectively to refer to the entire body of titled nobility, and individually to refer to a specific title. British peerage title holders are termed peers of the Realm.
Wax impression of the Great Seal of the Realm which is affixed to all letters patent creating new peerages
Wax impression of the Great Seal of the Realm which is affixed to all letters patent creating new peerages
The House of Lords showing government, opposition and the cross benches
The House of Lords showing government, opposition and the cross benches
The Lord Speaker presiding from the woolsack
The Lord Speaker presiding from the woolsack
Courtroom of the Earl Marshall, Court of Chivalry, College of Arms, London
Courtroom of the Earl Marshall, Court of Chivalry, College of Arms, London