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History
Hetoimasia
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The Hetoimasia, Etimasia, prepared throne, Preparation of the Throne, ready throne or Throne of the Second Coming is the Christian version of the symbolic subject of the empty throne found in the art of the ancient world, whose meaning has changed over the centuries. In Ancient Greece, it represented Zeus, chief of the gods, and in early Buddhist art it represented the Buddha. In Early Christian art and Early Medieval art, it is found in both the East and Western churches, and represents either Christ, or sometimes God the Father as part of the Trinity. In the Middle Byzantine period, from about 1000, it came to represent more specifically the throne prepared for the Second Coming of Christ, a meaning it has retained in Eastern Orthodox art to the present.
The empty throne with cushion, crux gemmata and cloth, flanked by Saints Peter and Paul. Arian Baptistery, Ravenna, early 6th century.
The empty throne with cushion, crux gemmata and cloth, flanked by Saints Peter and Paul. Arian Baptistery, Ravenna, early 6th century.
Buddhist 2nd century empty throne, attacked by Mara.
Buddhist 2nd century empty throne, attacked by Mara.
Symbolic base showing an empty throne, with a cuneiform inscription and depiction of Tukulti-Ninurta I 13th century BCE Assur, Iraq. Pergamon Museum,
Symbolic base showing an empty throne, with a cuneiform inscription and depiction of Tukulti-Ninurta I 13th century BCE Assur, Iraq. Pergamon Museum, Berlin.
Roman Empire, 80 AD. Silver Denarius. On the obverse : Effigy of Emperor Titus ; on the reverse : curule seat surmounted by a crown.
Roman Empire, 80 AD. Silver Denarius. On the obverse : Effigy of Emperor Titus ; on the reverse : curule seat surmounted by a crown.
Early Christian art and architecture
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Early Christian art and architecture is the art produced by Christians, or under Christian patronage, from the earliest period of Christianity to, depending on the definition, sometime between 260 and 525. In practice, identifiably Christian art only survives from the 2nd century onwards. After 550, Christian art is classified as Byzantine, or according to region.
Jesus healing the bleeding woman, Roman catacombs, 300–350
Jesus healing the bleeding woman, Roman catacombs, 300–350
The Brescia Casket, 4th-century ivory
The Brescia Casket, 4th-century ivory
Good Shepherd from the Catacomb of Priscilla, 250–300
Good Shepherd from the Catacomb of Priscilla, 250–300
Noah praying in the Ark, from a Roman catacomb
Noah praying in the Ark, from a Roman catacomb