José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa
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José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, 1st Marquess of Concordia, KOS, was a Spanish military officer and colonial administrator in America. From August 20, 1806, to July 7, 1816, he was viceroy of Peru, during the Spanish American wars of independence.
José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa
Spanish Constitution of 1812
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The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy, also known as the Constitution of Cádiz and as La Pepa, was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest codified constitutions in world history. The Constitution was ratified on 19 March 1812 by the Cortes of Cádiz, the first Spanish legislature that included delegates from the entire nation and its possessions, including Spanish America and the Philippines. "It defined Spanish and Spanish American liberalism for the early 19th century."
The promulgation of the Constitution of 1812, the work of Salvador Viniegra (Museo de las Cortes de Cádiz).
Cortes of Cádiz Oath in 1810. Oil painting by José Casado del Alisal, 1863.
Lithograph of Mexico City's Zócalo, c. 1800. The square is officially known as the Plaza de la Constitución. Named during the tail-end of the colonial era for the Cadiz Constitution, not the later Constitution of Mexico.
Repeal of the Constitution of 1812 by Fernando VII in the palace of Cervellón, Valencia, Spain.