The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, Second French Revolution, or Trois Glorieuses, was a second French Revolution after the first in 1789. It led to the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans. After 18 precarious years on the throne, Louis-Philippe was overthrown in the French Revolution of 1848.
Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix: an allegorical painting of the July Revolution.
Charles X in coronation robes, by Robert Lefèvre
THE GREAT NUTCRACKER OF JULY 25th. In this caricature, Charles X attempts to break a billiard ball marked "charter" with his teeth, but finds the nut too hard to crack.
Scenes of July 1830, a painting by Léon Cogniet alluding to the July revolution of 1830
Charles X was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother of reigning kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Charles became the leader of the ultra-royalists, a radical monarchist faction within the French court that affirmed absolute monarchy by divine right and opposed the constitutional monarchy concessions towards liberals and the guarantees of civil liberties granted by the Charter of 1814. Charles gained influence within the French court after the assassination of his son Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, in 1820 and succeeded his brother Louis XVIII in 1824.
Portrait c. 1825
Charles Philippe with his younger sister Clotilde on a goat
Charles as Count of Artois in 1798. Portrait by Henri-Pierre Danloux
Portrait of the Count of Artois (future Charles X) in the habit of the Order of the Holy Spirit, by Antoine-François Callet, c. 1775