1.
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
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The San Francisco Board of Supervisors is the legislative body within the government of the City and County of San Francisco, California, United States. The City and County of San Francisco is a consolidated city-county, being simultaneously a city and charter county with a consolidated government. Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors were paid $110,858 per year in 2015, there are 11 members of the Board of Supervisors, each representing a geographic district. How the Board of Supervisors should be elected has been a matter of contention in recent San Francisco history, but San Francisco, notwithstanding a population of over 700,000, was often an exception. Prior to 1977 and again from 1980 through 2000, the Board of Supervisors was chosen in at-large elections, the person who received the most votes was elected President of the Board of Supervisors, and the next four or five were elected to seats on the board. District elections were enacted by Proposition T in November 1976, district elections were repealed by Proposition A in August 1980 by a vote of 50. 58% Yes to 49. 42% No. An attempt was made to district elections in November 1980 with Proposition N. District elections were reinstated by Proposition G in November 1996 with a November runoff, runoffs were eliminated and replaced with instant-runoff voting with Proposition A in March 2002. Under the current system, supervisors are elected by district to four-year terms, a partial term counts as a full term if the supervisor is appointed and/or elected to serve more than two years of it. The terms are staggered so that half the board is elected every two years, thereby providing continuity. Supervisors representing odd-numbered districts are elected every fourth year counted from 2000, Supervisors representing even-numbered districts were elected to transitional two-year terms in 2000, thereafter to be elected every fourth year. Terms of office begin on the January 8th following the election for each seat. Each supervisor is elected on a basis and is required to live in his or her district. Although supervisors positions are non-partisan, as of 2016 all 11 supervisors are members of the Democratic Party, the most recent supervisoral elections were held on November 8,2016. The President of the Board of Supervisors, under the new system, is elected by the members of the Board from among their number. This is typically done at the first meeting of the new session commencing after the general election, members of the Board of Supervisors are elected from 11 single-member districts. The districts cover the following neighborhoods, approximately, the maps shown below lack markings for streets or street names. The City of San Francisco has detailed maps of each district available on its website, members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors San Francisco Board of Supervisors website
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
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District 1 Eric Mar District 7 Norman Yee
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
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San Francisco Board of Supervisors
2.
Gavin Newsom
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Gavin Christopher Newsom is an American politician and businessman, the former mayor of San Francisco, and the Lieutenant Governor of California since 2011. Newsom was formerly married to Fox News contributor Kimberly Guilfoyle and he was a prominent early advocate for same-sex marriage and was influential in legalizing cannabis in California. Newsom studied at Redwood High School and graduated from Santa Clara University, after graduation, he co-founded businesses with family friend Gordon Getty, who was an investor. Newsom drew voter attention with his Care Not Cash program, which was designed to move people into city-assisted care. In 2003 he was elected as the 42nd Mayor of San Francisco, Newsom was re-elected in 2007 with 72 percent of the vote. He was elected Lieutenant Governor of California in 2010 and re-elected in 2014, in February 2015, Newsom announced he was opening a committee to run for Governor of California in 2018. Gavin Christopher Newsom was born in San Francisco, California, to Tessa Thomas and William Alfred Newsom III and he is a fourth-generation San Franciscan. He is of mostly Irish descent, one of his maternal great-grandfathers, Scotsman Thomas Addis, was a pioneer scientist in the field of nephrology, Newsom is the second cousin, twice removed, of musician Joanna Newsom. Newsoms parents separated when he was 2 and divorced in 1972, at age 10, Newsom moved with his mother and sister, to nearby Marin County. In May 2002, his mother died following a fight with breast cancer. While Newsom later reflected that he did not have a childhood, he attended kindergarten. He eventually transferred because of dyslexia that still affects him. His dyslexia has made it difficult for him to write, spell, read and he attended third through fifth grades at Notre Dame des Victoires, where he was placed in remedial reading classes. Newsom graduated from Redwood High School in 1985 and he played basketball and baseball in high school. Newsom was an outfielder in baseball and his baseball skills placed him on the cover of the Marin Independent Journal. Newsoms aunt was married to Ron Pelosi, the brother-in-law of former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi, in an interview with The San Francisco Chronicle, his sister recalled Christmas holidays when their mother told them there wouldnt be any gifts. Tessa opened their home to children, instilling in Newsom the importance of public service. His fathers finances were strapped in part because of his tendency to give away his earnings, Newsom worked several jobs in high school to help support his family
Gavin Newsom
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Gavin Newsom
Gavin Newsom
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Newsom in 2009
Gavin Newsom
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Newsom at Stanford University in 2008
Gavin Newsom
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Newsom (left) in 2013
3.
Ed Lee (politician)
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Edwin Mah Ed Lee is an American politician and attorney who is the 43rd and current Mayor of San Francisco, California. Lee won the election on November 8,2011 to serve a term as Mayor. Lee is the first Asian American mayor in San Franciscos history, before being appointed mayor, he was City Administrator. Prior to his employment with the City and County of San Francisco, Mayor Lee was the Managing Attorney for the San Francisco Asian Law Caucus, from 1989 to 1991, Lee worked as a Whistleblower Ordinance Investigator and the Deputy Director of Employment Relations in San Francisco. Lee later worked as the director of the Human Rights Commission from 1991 to 1996, afterwards, Lee became director of the City Purchasing Department in 1996 until his appointment to City Administrator in 2000. In 1989, Lee was appointed by Mayor Art Agnos as the Citys first investigator under the citys Whistleblower Ordinance, Agnos later appointed him deputy director of human relations. In 1991, he was hired as director of the San Francisco Human Rights Commission, serving in that capacity under Mayors Agnos, Frank Jordan. Brown appointed him Director of City Purchasing, where, among other responsibilities, in 2000, he was appointed Director of Public Works for the City, and in 2005 was appointed by Mayor Newsom to a five-year term as City Administrator, to which he was reappointed in 2010. As City Administrator, Lee oversaw the reduction of city government, speculation about possible appointees and debate on whether or not the old Board of Supervisors should cast the vote for the new mayor soon followed Newsoms election as lieutenant governor. The Board of Supervisors nominated four people, former Mayor Art Agnos, Sheriff Michael Hennessey, former Board of Supervisors president Aaron Peskin, and Lee. At the January 7 meeting, the old board voted 10–1 to elect Lee as mayor, at the time, Lee promised not to seek election if appointed, a statement which helped to gain support for his appointment. The vote was preliminary and non-binding, as Newsom had delayed his resignation until new members of the Board took office, a final vote was taken on January 11 by the new board to confirm Lee, one day after Newsoms resignation. The board voted unanimously for Lee and he took office immediately thereafter, as mayor, Lee reached an agreement with the Board of Supervisors to close a $380 million budget deficit. He implemented the City’s move to cleaner vehicles and an infrastructure to support electric vehicles, Mayor Lee also developed and oversaw implementation of the City’s first ever Ten Year Capital Plan to guide our capital priorities and infrastructure investment. In 2012, Mayor Lee pushed for the approval of the Housing Trust Fund which invested $1.5 billion in affordable housing production. In 2014, Mayor Lee pledged to construct 30,000 new and rehabilitated homes throughout the City by 2020, with half available to low, working and middle income San Franciscans. Mayor Lee launched a Small Site Acquisition Program, which funds the purchase & stabilization of multi-family rental buildings in neighborhoods that are susceptible to evictions, later, Lee created preferences for Neighborhood Residents and Displaced Tenants in our affordable housing programs to help keep residents in their communities. Lee launched the Ellis Act Housing Preference Program for tenants who are evicted under the State Ellis Act, Displaced tenants are now given preference for the City’s affordable housing programs
Ed Lee (politician)
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Edwin Lee
4.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
San Francisco
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San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge from Marin Headlands
San Francisco
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Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores)
San Francisco
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1853 United States Coast Survey Map
San Francisco
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Francis Samuel Marryat, Hilltop of San Francisco, California, Looking toward the Bay, 1849. M.& N. Hanhart Chromolithograph
5.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
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A forest of redwood trees in Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the California Central Valley
6.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The Declaration of Independence: the Committee of Five presenting their draft to the Second Continental Congress in 1776
7.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
Democratic Party (United States)
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Andrew Jackson was the first Democratic President of the United States
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party (United States)
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The three leaders of the Democratic party during the first half of the 20th century: President Woodrow Wilson (nominated in 1912 and '16) Sec. of State William J. Bryan (nominated in 1896, 1900 and 1908), Josephus Daniels, Breckinridge Long, William Phillips, and Franklin D. Roosevelt (nominated for VP in 1920 and for president in 1932, 36,'40 and 44)
Democratic Party (United States)
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John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (1961–1963)
8.
Alma mater
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Alma mater is an allegorical Latin phrase for a university or college. In modern usage, it is a school or university which an individual has attended, the phrase is variously translated as nourishing mother, nursing mother, or fostering mother, suggesting that a school provides intellectual nourishment to its students. Before its modern usage, Alma mater was a title in Latin for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele. The source of its current use is the motto, Alma Mater Studiorum, of the oldest university in continuous operation in the Western world and it is related to the term alumnus, denoting a university graduate, which literally means a nursling or one who is nourished. The phrase can also denote a song or hymn associated with a school, although alma was a common epithet for Ceres, Cybele, Venus, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with mater in classical Latin. Alma Redemptoris Mater is a well-known 11th century antiphon devoted to Mary, the earliest documented English use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when University of Cambridge printer John Legate began using an emblem for the universitys press. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, many historic European universities have adopted Alma Mater as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The University of Bologna Latin name, Alma Mater Studiorum, refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its ties to the founding of the United States. At Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant. Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses, outside the United States, there is an Alma Mater sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. Media related to Alma mater at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of alma mater at Wiktionary Alma Mater Europaea website
Alma mater
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The Alma Mater statue by Mario Korbel, at the entrance of the University of Havana in Cuba.
Alma mater
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John Legate's Alma Mater for Cambridge in 1600
Alma mater
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Alma Mater (1929, Lorado Taft), University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
9.
Fisk University
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Fisk University is a private historically black university founded in 1866 in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The 40-acre campus is a district listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1930, Fisk was the first African-American institution to gain accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges, accreditations for specialized programs quickly followed. AMA support meant the organization tried to use its sources across the country to aid education for freedmen, enrollment jumped from 200 to 900 in the first several months of the school, indicating freedmens strong desire for education, with ages of students ranging from seven to seventy. The school was named in honor of General Clinton B, Fisk of the Tennessee Freedmens Bureau, who made unused barracks available to the school, as well as establishing the first free schools for white and black children in Tennessee. In addition, he endowed Fisk with a total of $30,000, the American Missionary Associations work was supported by the United Church of Christ, which retains an affiliation with the university. Fisk opened to classes on January 9,1866, James Dallas Burrus, John Houston Burrus, Virginia E. Walker, and America W. Robinson graduated as well and became a member of the Fisk Jubilee Singers. Walker became a missionary while the Burrus brothers were both prominent educators and, during their careers, professors at Fisk. Cravath organized the College Department and the Mozart Society, the first musical organization in Tennessee, rising enrollment added to the needs of the university. In 1870 Adam Knight Spence became principal of the Fisk Normal School, with a strong interest in religion and the arts, Adam Spence supported the start of a student choir. In 1871 the student choir went on a tour in Europe. They toured to raise funds to build the first building for the education of freedmen and they raised nearly $50,000 and funded construction of the renowned Jubilee Hall, now a designated National Historic Landmark. On April 12,1873, the Jubilee Singers sailed for England where they sang before an audience in the presence of the Queen. During the 1880s Fisk had a building program, as well as expanding its curriculum offerings. By the turn of the 20th century, it added black teachers and staff to the university, from 1915 to 1925, Fayette Avery McKenzie was President of Fisk. McKenzies tenure, before and after World War I, was during a turbulent period in American history, McKenzie was eventually forced to resign when his strict policies on dress code, extracurricular activities and other aspects of student life led to student protests. In 1947 Fisk heralded its first African-American president with the arrival of Charles Spurgeon Johnson, Johnson was a premier sociologist, a scholar who had been the editor of Opportunity magazine, a noted periodical of the Harlem Renaissance. In 1952, Fisk was the first predominantly black college to earn a Phi Beta Kappa charter, organized as the Delta of Tennessee Chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa National Honor Society that December, the chapter inducted its first student members on April 4,1953
Fisk University
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University namesake Clinton B. Fisk
Fisk University
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Fisk University
Fisk University
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A class c. 1900
Fisk University
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Students and teachers in training school (between 1890 and 1906)
10.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
Bachelor of Arts
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A certificate or diploma evidencing the granting of a bachelor's degree
11.
Carnegie Mellon University
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Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools, in 1967, the Carnegie Institute of Technology merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to form Carnegie Mellon University. The universitys 140-acre main campus is 3 miles from Downtown Pittsburgh, john Heinz III College of Information Systems and Public Policy, and the School of Computer Science. The university also has campuses in Qatar and Silicon Valley, with degree-granting programs in six continents, Carnegie Mellon consistently ranks in the top 25 in the national U. S. News & World Report rankings. It is home to the world’s first degree-granting Robotics and Drama programs, the university spent $242 million on research in 2015. Carnegie Mellon counts 13,650 students from 114 countries, over 100,000 living alumni, Carnegies vision was to open a vocational training school for the sons and daughters of working-class Pittsburghers. Carnegie was inspired for the design of his school by the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, in 1912 the institution changed its name to Carnegie Institute of Technology and began offering four-year degrees. The Mellon Institute of Industrial Research was founded in 1913 by banker and industrialist brothers Andrew, Mellon in honor of their father, Thomas Mellon, the patriarch of the Mellon family. The Institute began as an organization which performed work for government. In 1927, the Mellon Institute incorporated as an independent nonprofit, in 1938, the Mellon Institutes iconic building was completed and it moved to its new, and current, location on Fifth Avenue. In 1967, with support from Paul Mellon, Carnegie Tech merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to become Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Mellons coordinate womens college, the Margaret Morrison Carnegie College closed in 1973 and merged its academic programs with the rest of the university. The industrial research mission of the Mellon Institute survived the merger as the Carnegie Mellon Research Institute and continued doing work on contract to industry, CMRI closed in 2001 and its programs were subsumed by other parts of the university or spun off into independent entities. Carnegie Mellons 140-acre main campus is three miles from downtown Pittsburgh, between Schenley Park and the Squirrel Hill, Shadyside, and Oakland neighborhoods, Carnegie Mellon is bordered to the west by the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Carnegie Mellon owns 81 buildings in the Oakland and Squirrel Hill neighborhoods of Pittsburgh, for decades the center of student life on campus was Skibo Hall, the Universitys student union. Built in the 1950s, Skibo Halls design was typical of Mid-Century Modern architecture, the original Skibo was razed in the summer of 1994 and replaced by a new student union that is fully wi-fi enabled. Known as University Center, the building was dedicated in 1996, in 2014, Carnegie Mellon re-dedicated the University Center as the Cohon University Center in recognition of the eighth president of the university, Jared Cohon. A large grassy area known as the Cut forms the backbone of the campus, the Cut was formed by filling in a ravine with soil from a nearby hill that was leveled to build the College of Fine Arts building. The northwestern part of the campus was acquired from the United States Bureau of Mines in the 1980s, the sculpture was controversial for its placement, the general lack of input that the campus community had, and its aesthetic appeal
Carnegie Mellon University
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Andrew Carnegie, founder of the Carnegie Technical Schools
Carnegie Mellon University
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Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon University
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Andrew W. Mellon, co-founder of the Mellon Institute
Carnegie Mellon University
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Hamerschlag and Roberts Halls are two of the teaching facilities of the College of Engineering
12.
Potrero Hill, San Francisco
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Potrero Hill is a residential neighborhood in San Francisco, California. It is known for its views of the San Francisco Bay and city skyline, its proximity to many destination spots, its sunny weather. A working-class neighborhood until gentrification in the 1990s, it is now an upper-middle-class, Potrero Hill is located on the eastern side of the city, east of the Mission District and south of SOMA and the newly designated district Showplace Square. It is bordered by 16th Street to the north, Potrero Avenue and U. S. Route 101 to the west and Cesar Chavez Street to the south. The city of San Francisco considers the area below 20th Street between Potrero Ave and Route 101 to be part of Potrero Hill as well, as outlined in the Eastern Neighborhood Plan, the area east of Highway 280 is Dogpatch. Dogpatch was originally part of Potrero Nuevo and its history is tied to Potrero Hill. Some consider Dogpatch to be its own neighborhood while others disagree, Dogpatch has its own neighborhood association but shares merchant association, Democratic caucuses, and general neighborhood matters with Potrero Hill. Potrero Hill is one of the sunniest neighborhoods in San Francisco, located on the side of the peninsula. It is insulated from the fog and chill of the Pacific Ocean that is typical on the side of the city. It is a neighborhood and not considered a tourist destination. Despite being surrounded by busy neighborhoods, and featuring a commercial area on 18th St. Potrero Hill is generally quiet. Potrero Hill started as a Caucasian working-class neighborhood in the 1850s and its central location attracted many working professionals during the dot-com era in the 1990s. Today, it is mostly an upper-middle-class family-oriented neighborhood, in addition to the 101 and 280 Interstate freeways, Caltrain also runs through this area, making it popular with commuters. Many homes in Potrero Hill have views of the downtown skyline, Potrero Hill has a North and a South Slope, with the North Slope generally more coveted due to its proximity to downtown. There is no dividing line between North and South as the hill apexes in various places. The demographics of the two are similar with the exception of two public housing projects situated on the South Slope. The projects occupy over one third of the South Slope, the poorly designed, curvy and diagonal grids of the housing projects isolate their residents from the greater neighborhood. Industry first arrived at Dogpatch in the mid-1850s, the earliest residents were mostly European immigrants
Potrero Hill, San Francisco
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1918, Looking south, Illinois Street on right, Twentieth Street at large L-shaped Bethlehem office building.
Potrero Hill, San Francisco
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Potrero Hill offers striking views of the San Francisco skyline.
Potrero Hill, San Francisco
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18th St. and Texas St.
13.
Dogpatch, San Francisco
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Dogpatch is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, roughly half industrial and half residential. It was initially a gritty working-class neighborhood, but has experienced rapid transformation since the 1990s, now it boasts similar demographics to its neighboring Potrero Hill – an upper middle-class working professional neighborhood. Dogpatch was originally part of Potrero Nuevo and its history is tied to Potrero Hill. Dogpatch has its own association but shares a merchant association, Democratic caucuses. Dogpatch is located on the side of the city, adjacent to the waterfront of the San Francisco Bay. Its boundaries are Mariposa Street to the north, I-280 to the west, Cesar Chavez to the south, and it contains housing, some remaining heavy industry, more recent light industry, and a new but growing arts district. In 2002 it became a designated historic district of the city of San Francisco. Dogpatch is mostly flatland and has many docks and it is an industrialized area with pockets of residences. Many warehouses were converted to lofts and condos in recent years, like its neighbor Potrero Hill, Dogpatch enjoys sunny weather in San Francisco. Its Caltrain station at 22nd Street makes Dogpatch popular with commuters who work south of San Francisco, 22nd Street is one of only nine stations in Caltrans 29-station system that receive Baby Bullet express service in addition to regular service. The name Dogpatch was first used for area of San Francisco before World War II. There is no explanation for the name, popular hypotheses are, It was called Dutchman’s Flat. - Billy Carr, sheriff’s deputy, raised in Irish Hill,1946 It was named after Dogpatch, a colloquialism of the time which described an underdeveloped backwater, Dogpatch was a primitive community nestled in a bleak valley, between two cheap and uninteresting hills somewhere. It is named after the dogfennel that proliferates there, there were packs of dogs that used to scavenge discarded meat parts from Butchertown along Islais Creek and up the bay. Because it survived the 1906 earthquake and fire relatively undamaged, and until recently had not been redeveloped, Dogpatch has some of the oldest houses in San Francisco, dating from the 1860s. Between the 1860s and 1880s, the marshes at the edge of the bay were filled, located nearby was the now-defunct working-class neighborhood of Irish Hill. This proximity allowed for development of industry and housing, the conversion of existing industrial space to live-work units or other housing has been controversial. The history of Dogpatch and Potrero Hill are closely tied as both were part of Potrero Nuevo and belonged to the same land owner
Dogpatch, San Francisco
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Dogpatch, San Francisco
Dogpatch, San Francisco
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1918, Looking south, Illinois Street on right, Twentieth Street at large L-shaped Bethlehem office building.
14.
Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco
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Bayview-Hunters Point or The Bayview, is a neighborhood in the southeastern corner of San Francisco, California, United States. The decommissioned Hunters Point Naval Shipyard is located within its boundaries and Candlestick Park, Redevelopment projects for the neighborhood became the dominant issue of the 1990s and 2000s. Efforts include the Bayview Redevelopment Plan for Area B, which includes approximately 1300 acres of existing residential, commercial and industrial lands and this plan identifies seven economic activity nodes within the area. The former Navy Shipyard waterfront property is also the target of redevelopment to residential, commercial. The Bayview-Hunters Point district is located in the part of San Francisco. The boundaries are Cesar Chavez Boulevard to the north, U. S. Highway 101 to the west, Bayview Hill to the south, and the San Francisco Bay to the east. Neighborhoods within the district include Hunters Point, India Basin, Bayview, Silver Terrace, Bret Harte, Islais Creek Estuary, the entire southern half of the neighborhood is the Candlestick Point State Recreation Area as well as the Candlestick Park Stadium. Primarily composed of wetlands with some small hills, the area was inhabited by the Ohlone people prior to the arrival of Spanish missionaries in the 1700s. It was first surveyed in 1775 by Juan Bautista Aguirre, a pilot for Captain Juan Manuel de Ayala who named it La Punta Concha. Later explorers renamed it Beacon Point, for the next several decades it was used as pasture for cattle run by the Franciscan monks at Mission Dolores. In 1839, the area was part of the 4, 446-acre Rancho Rincon de las Salinas y Potrero Viejo Mexican land grant given to José Cornelio Bernal, following the California Gold Rush, Bernal sold Bayview-Hunters Point property for real estate development in 1849. Within ten years,18 slaughterhouses were located in the area along with their production facilities for tanning, fertilizer, wool. The reservation and the houses and businesses became known as Butchertown. The butcher industry declined following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake until 1971 when the final slaughterhouse closed, shipbuilding became integral to Bayview-Hunters Point in 1867 with the construction there of the first permanent drydock on the Pacific coast. World War I increased the contracts there for building Naval vessels and, in 1940 and they were a presence until the 1960s when they began moving into the suburbs. The shipbuilding industry saw an influx of blue collar workers into the neighborhood. This migration into Bayview increased substantially after World War II due to segregation and eviction of African Americans from homes elsewhere in the city. Between 1940 and 1950, the population of Bayview saw an increase to 51,000 residents
Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco
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A birds-eye view of the Bayview/Hunters Point neighborhood of San Francisco. Candlestick Park, a Football stadium, is in the foreground
Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco
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The Bayview Opera House (previously South San Francisco Opera House), was constructed in 1888 and designated a California landmark on December 8, 1968. It was nominated for the National Registry in 2010
Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco
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Outline
15.
Neighborhoods in San Francisco
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San Francisco, California, has both major, well-known neighborhoods and districts as well as smaller, specific subsections and developments. While there is considerable fluidity among the sources, one guidebook identifies five major districts and these five broad districts, counterclockwise are, Central/downtown, Richmond, Sunset, Upper Market and beyond and Bernal Heights/Bayview and beyond. Within each of five districts are located major neighborhoods. The San Francisco Planning Department officially identifies 36 neighborhoods, a group of researchers at Theory. org did a study of classified advertising of housing rentals to extract neighborhood names in the vernacular, and identified 40 neighborhood names in common use. Within these 36 official neighborhoods are a number of minor districts, some of which are historical. Alamo Square is a subset of the Western Addition neighborhood and its boundaries are not well-defined, but are generally considered to be Webster Street on the east, Golden Gate Avenue on the north, Divisadero Street on the west, and Oak Street on the south. It is characterized by Victorian architecture that was largely untouched by the urban renewal projects in other parts of the Western Addition. On a clear day, the Transamerica Pyramid building and the tops of the Golden Gate Bridge, San Franciscos City Hall can be seen directly down Fulton Street. A row of Victorian houses facing the park on Steiner Street, Ashbury Heights is a neighborhood on the hill to the south of the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood. The Bayview stretches along Third Street south of Evans Avenue, west of the Hunters Point neighborhood, the neighborhood library was recently renamed the Linda Brooks-Burton Branch Library after a new and larger building was constructed at the same location on Third Street and Revere. Within a block or two of the library are three gardens and public art projects, developed entirely by residents, known as the Quesada Gardens Initiative. During the 1950s it was largely a Maltese and Italian neighborhood, centered on St. Paul of the Shipwreck Church, the area is served by the T-Third light rail line, and is home to the Bayview Opera House and City College Evans and Southeast Campus. The area is undergoing development as the City tries to meet the demands of population growth. Hunters Point Shipyard and Candlestick Park areas are centers of development in the neighborhood. Despite its diversity, residents have a history of coming together to create change. Hunters Point Shipyard, a former Super-Fund site, and a power plant have been focal points for environmental activists. Sam Jordan, boxing champion and tavern owner, was the first African American to run for Mayor of San Francisco, a small neighborhood near the Financial District, being the historical location of the French Quarter in San Francisco. Bernal Heights is a neighborhood perched on a hill in between the Mission district, Bayview, and the Portola district, the neighborhood is known for its community feeling and progressive vibe
Neighborhoods in San Francisco
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Mission Creek, aka China Basin Channel, has a "restored" water edge along the Mission Bay North frontage beyond the usual riverwalk. The ballpark terminates the view, and houseboats are visible at right.
Neighborhoods in San Francisco
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AT&T park in South Beach, San Francisco.
16.
Candlestick Point State Recreation Area
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Candlestick Point State Recreation Area is a state park unit of California, USA, providing an urban protected area on San Francisco Bay. The park is located at the tip of San Francisco immediately south of Hunters Point and 2 miles north of Sierra Point in Brisbane. This 170-acre landfilled area was intended to be used during World War II as a shipyard by the United States Navy, however it was abandoned as the war ended. Without government controls, the area was used by nearby residences as a garbage dump, in 1973 the California State Legislature purchased the land with $10 million and in 1977 voted to turn this area into a state recreation area. After the designation Candlestick became the first urban area in the state. To this day Candlestick remains as a recreation area in San Francisco. The park features picnic areas, two fishing piers, fitness courses as well as hiking trails. This park is also an area for windsurfing because of strong wind. Candlestick Park, the stadium of the San Francisco Giants. There are several competing theories for the origin of the points name, several sources claim it was named for Candlestick Rock, an 8-foot-tall pinnacle rock once located nearby at the high-tide line. Others claim it was named for the curlew, which was once plentiful in the area. Still others claim the name derives from the 19th-century practice of burning abandoned sailing ships in the bay, Candlestick Point was one of the 48 California state parks that were proposed for closure in January 2008 by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger as part of a deficit reduction effort. In May 2008, the governor unveiled his revised proposal that would reverse a proposal made in January to dismiss employees and close 48 parks and beaches, including nine in the Bay Area. The plan now is to cut $1.5 million out of the parks budget, revenue also could be raised through cabin rentals and fees at new campgrounds. List of California state parks Candlestick Point State Recreation Area
Candlestick Point State Recreation Area
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A walking path with Candlestick Park in the background
17.
Visitacion Valley, San Francisco
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Visitacion Valley, colloquially known as Viz Valley, is a neighborhood located in the southeastern quadrant of San Francisco, California. The streets of this neighborhood straddle the border between San Francisco and Daly City, hence Visitacion Valley partially blends in with the adjacent Daly City neighborhood of Bayshore, the grounds of the Cow Palace, straddling the San Francisco/Daly City border, are partially within Visitacion Valley. The term Visitation is derived from the Bible, Mary, bearing the child Jesus in her womb goes to visit her cousin Elizabeth who despite her advanced years is pregnant with John the Baptist. John who would become the greatest of prophets jumps in Elizabeths womb as Mary walks in the door, luke 1,39 The area is a largely family-oriented working-class neighborhood. Average Adjusted Gross Incomes for the area are at $38,802, median rents in 2007 for the neighborhood at $896 a month are also far below the citywide average at $1,141. The area was settled by Irish and Italian immigrants who worked in the nearby factories. The construction of the nearby Hunters Point Naval Shipyard during World War II, many settled in the Sunnydale Projects which were originally constructed as barracks to house workers. After the war ended, more African Americans relocated from the Fillmore District and the Western Addition because redevelopment programs provided inexpensive housing. The area still has a 30% African American population, however, the Black population is being supplanted by an influx of ethnic Chinese immigrants who now make up more than half of the neighborhoods population. The former barracks turned housing projects on Sunnydale Avenue, the Sunnydale Projects is the largest in San Francisco, the two high-rise apartment buildings, Geneva Towers, originally built as private housing in the 1960s, were converted to public housing in the 1970s. They suffered through dilapidation and poor throughout the 1980s, and were plagued by gangs. The City ordered the destruction of the buildings in 1998, and this project will feature a grocery store, condos, parks, and other new redevelopment designed to revitalize the neighborhood. The Chinese American residency has grown and more businesses have opened on Leland Avenue, redevelopment also came in the construction of a new Muni Metro line called the T Third Street, which terminates at Sunnydale Station. The neighborhood was featured in the movie Sucker Free City, one of the gangs featured in the movie called themselves The V-Dubs. The word Dub is not an abbreviation of W but means double, San Franciscans may notice the inaccuracy in this part of the film, as the gang in the film was actually located in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood of the city. The Old Visitacion Valley Branch of San Francisco Public Library used to be at a small storefront located at 45 Leland Ave at Desmond Street, the newer one is now on Leland and Rutland and finished construction in the summer of 2011. Visitacion Valley TOD Project Visitacion Valley Community Development Corporation San Francisco Visitacion Valley Visitacion Valley Branch Library Visitacion Valley Facebook Fans Page
Visitacion Valley, San Francisco
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Visitacion Valley viewed from the Philosopher's Way at John McLaren Park.
18.
John McLaren Park
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John McLaren Park is a park in southeastern San Francisco. At 312.54 acres, McLaren Park is the second largest park in San Francisco by area, the park is surrounded mostly by the Excelsior, Crocker-Amazon, Visitacion Valley, Portola and University Mound neighborhoods. The then-governor of Mexico, Juan Bautista Alvarado granted what is now known as John McLaren Park to the authorities in 1840. In the wake of the 1906 earthquake and fire, rather than implement Burnhams plan, the Board of Supervisors adopted Resolution No. The widow of Luther Burbank donated ten four-year-old walnut trees to the children of the City and these trees, the first to be planted at McLaren Park, were intended to serve as the nucleus of a planned orchard of fruit and nut-bearing trees. In 1932, the Park Commission recommended a reduced size of 428 acres. The Works Progress Administration was responsible for the construction of a drive in the 1930s. The current 318-acre park boundaries were established in 1946, the park expanded to its present size in 1958 through land purchases. Many of the playgrounds, golf course, and hiking trails were added between 1950 and 1980. A draft master plan was prepared in 1983, updated in 1988, the park is currently the second-largest park in the City. Perhaps due to its infamy and resulting discouragement of visitors, the park boasts the largest grasslands left in San Francisco, several murders have continued to occur in recent years, despite park improvements. Coffman Pool, McLaren Parks first recreation facility, was constructed in the southeast corner of the park in 1958. Construction of the facilities included in the 1959 Master Plan began in the 1960s, and also included new trails, picnic and parking areas, community gardens, before 1978, McLaren Park only had eight picnic tables. Later construction contracts included the addition of picnic tables and large group picnic areas. Even in San Francisco, a city considered hilly, McLaren Park stands out with some of the hilliest terrain in the City, only 19% of its area consists of slopes of 0-10% grade, considered easily buildable. Slopes of 10-25% grade occupy half its area, and slopes over 25% grade occupy the remaining area, the original 1926 proposed park of 550 acres had approximately 40% of its area with gentle slopes. The 9-hole golf course was completed in 1961 and it occupies 60 acres and is operated by a leaseholder. Herz Playground, near Coffman Pool in the corner of the park, was completed in 1965
John McLaren Park
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McNab Lake with Playground
19.
Richmond District, San Francisco
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The Richmond District is a neighborhood in the northwest corner of San Francisco, California, developed initially in the late 19th century. It is sometimes confused with Richmond, a city 20 miles northeast of San Francisco and it is thus known as a safe, peaceful, serene, family neighborhood, and one of the citys largest as a whole, both in terms of housing stock and population. The Richmond also has deep Irish and Russian roots and has many Catholic, in 1917, the district was legally named Park-Presidio District, chosen to avoid confusion between the district and the city of Richmond right across the bay. In spite of the change, virtually every San Franciscan continued to use the old name. The district, originally an expanse of rolling sand dunes, was developed initially in the late 19th century, before this development, the Yelamu Tribe of the Ohlone Nation frequented the coastal sites of the current day district and had a village where the development would take place. In the later 18th century, they were not able to use this land anymore after Spanish explorers arrived, Adolph Sutro was one of the first large-scale developers of the area. After purchasing the Cliff House in the early 1880s, he built the Sutro Baths on the end of the district. After the 1906 earthquake, development increased with the need to provide replacement housing, the last of the sand dunes and coastal scrub that once dominated the area were built over to create a street car suburb. The Russian Revolution and subsequent civil war brought many Anti-Communist White Russian, Orthodox Russian refugees, Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia briefly made its headquarters at Holy Virgin Cathedral on Geary Boulevard. Chinese of birth or descent now make up nearly the half of residents in the Richmond, the western portion Outer Richmond and the eastern portion Inner Richmond is divided by a major thoroughfare, Park Presidio Boulevard. Geary Boulevard is a major east-west thoroughfare that runs through the Richmond, technically, the Farallon Islands, about 30 miles to the west of mainland San Francisco, are also part of the Richmond District. The Richmond has been divided into four parts, Lake Street is just south of Presidio of San Francisco. It is an affluent area characterized by its many Victorian/Edwardian mansions and its boundaries are, the Presidio to the north, Arguello Blvd to the east, California St. to the south, and 25th Ave. to the west. Its name is derived from the neighborhoods northernmost east-west artery, the Inner Richmond sits south of Lake Street. Its boundaries are, California St. to the north, Arguello Blvd to the east, Fulton St. to the south, and Park Presidio Blvd. to the west. The hub of northern Inner Richmond is Geary Blvd. and Clement St. which are known for Chinese, Cambodian, Korean, Burmese. The hub of southern Inner Richmond is Balboa St, which is known for Japanese, the Inner Richmond is a diverse area with a sizable Chinese and Russian population. The Central Richmond is between Inner Richmond and Outer Richmond and it is bounded by Park Presidio Blvd to the east, California St. to the north, Fulton St. to the south, and 32nd Ave. to the west
Richmond District, San Francisco
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Geary Boulevard
Richmond District, San Francisco
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A panorama of the Richmond District as seen from the Lincoln Park golf course, facing east.
Richmond District, San Francisco
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First built in 1858 and rebuilt in 1896, the Cliff House in the Outer Richmond went through several incarnations and is now a popular restaurant.
Richmond District, San Francisco
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George Washington High School.
20.
Lowell High School (San Francisco)
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Lowell High School is a public magnet school in San Francisco, California. The school opened in 1856 as the Union Grammar School and attained its current name in 1896, Lowell moved to its current location in the Merced Manor neighborhood in 1962. Run by the San Francisco Unified School District, Lowell is open to all San Francisco residents, admission is contingent on submission of an application and based primarily on evaluation of test scores and prior academic record. Lowell contains a wide-ranging and rigorous curriculum and is noted for its academic excellence, the school has been named a California Distinguished School seven times and a National Blue Ribbon School four times. Lowell is currently ranked 52nd by U. S. News & World Report in its Best High Schools in America for 2015, Lowell was also ranked 49th by Newsweeks Americas Best High Schools 2012 list and 66th by Newsweeks 2013 list. Lowell High School began in 1856 as the Union Grammar School, in 1894, the school was renamed to honor the distinguished poet James Russell Lowell, chiefly by Pelham W. Ames, a member of the school board and ardent admirer of James Russell Lowell. The school relocated in January 1913 to a block on Hayes Street between Ashbury and Masonic. Lowell remained there for 50 years and established its position as the college preparatory high school. In 1952, the school sought a new location near Lake Merced and moved there in 1962, U. S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer visited. 2009 Lowell ranked 3rd internationally in AP exam scores,2010 Because of state class-time requirements, modular schedule abandoned in favor of mod/block schedule. School day lengthened to eight hours and twenty three minutes, Lowell ranked 2nd internationally in AP exam scores. San Francisco Unified School District and the 1983 Consent Decree settlement, in 1994, a group of Chinese-American community activists organized a lawsuit to challenge the 1983 Consent Decree race-based admissions policies used by SFUSD for its public schools. Critics of the diversity index created by Ho v. San Francisco Unified School District point out that many schools, as a result, these policies may be challenged at the community and local levels as well instead of just at the judicial level by filing a lawsuit. Lowell is located north of Lake Merced, south of San Franciscos Parkside District, the school spans several blocks between Sylvan Ave. in the west and 25th Ave. in the east, and Eucalyptus Drive in the north to Winston Drive in the south. The school is accessible via the San Francisco Municipal Railway K, M,57,18,23,28, 28R, the campus is located next to Lakeshore Elementary School, a public school, and St. Stephen School, a private K-8 school. Lowell is one of the two schools in the San Francisco Unified School District that is permitted to admit only students who meet special admission requirements. The Lowell admission process is based on a combination of standardized test scores, GPA, a writing sample, Lowell High School is ranked 3rd in terms of test scores among the Top 10 Public Schools in California, behind Gretchen Whitney High School and Oxford Academy. Lowell was also named a California Distinguished School in 1986,1990,1992,1994,2001, and 2009 as well as a National Blue Ribbon School in 1982,1994,2001, and 2012
Lowell High School (San Francisco)
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Lowell High School in 1917 at Hayes & Masonic Streets
Lowell High School (San Francisco)
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Fiat Scientia
Lowell High School (San Francisco)
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Lowell High School's Main Entrance.
Lowell High School (San Francisco)
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Lowell JROTC indoor review in May 2005.
21.
Potrero Hill
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Potrero Hill is a residential neighborhood in San Francisco, California. It is known for its views of the San Francisco Bay and city skyline, its proximity to many destination spots, its sunny weather. A working-class neighborhood until gentrification in the 1990s, it is now an upper-middle-class, Potrero Hill is located on the eastern side of the city, east of the Mission District and south of SOMA and the newly designated district Showplace Square. It is bordered by 16th Street to the north, Potrero Avenue and U. S. Route 101 to the west and Cesar Chavez Street to the south. The city of San Francisco considers the area below 20th Street between Potrero Ave and Route 101 to be part of Potrero Hill as well, as outlined in the Eastern Neighborhood Plan, the area east of Highway 280 is Dogpatch. Dogpatch was originally part of Potrero Nuevo and its history is tied to Potrero Hill. Some consider Dogpatch to be its own neighborhood while others disagree, Dogpatch has its own neighborhood association but shares merchant association, Democratic caucuses, and general neighborhood matters with Potrero Hill. Potrero Hill is one of the sunniest neighborhoods in San Francisco, located on the side of the peninsula. It is insulated from the fog and chill of the Pacific Ocean that is typical on the side of the city. It is a neighborhood and not considered a tourist destination. Despite being surrounded by busy neighborhoods, and featuring a commercial area on 18th St. Potrero Hill is generally quiet. Potrero Hill started as a Caucasian working-class neighborhood in the 1850s and its central location attracted many working professionals during the dot-com era in the 1990s. Today, it is mostly an upper-middle-class family-oriented neighborhood, in addition to the 101 and 280 Interstate freeways, Caltrain also runs through this area, making it popular with commuters. Many homes in Potrero Hill have views of the downtown skyline, Potrero Hill has a North and a South Slope, with the North Slope generally more coveted due to its proximity to downtown. There is no dividing line between North and South as the hill apexes in various places. The demographics of the two are similar with the exception of two public housing projects situated on the South Slope. The projects occupy over one third of the South Slope, the poorly designed, curvy and diagonal grids of the housing projects isolate their residents from the greater neighborhood. Industry first arrived at Dogpatch in the mid-1850s, the earliest residents were mostly European immigrants
Potrero Hill
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1918, Looking south, Illinois Street on right, Twentieth Street at large L-shaped Bethlehem office building.
Potrero Hill
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Potrero Hill offers striking views of the San Francisco skyline.
Potrero Hill
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18th St. and Texas St.
22.
San Francisco Board of Supervisors elections, 2010
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The 2010 San Francisco Board of Supervisors elections were held on November 2,2010. Five of the seats of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors were contested in this election. Four incumbents were termed out of office, while one ran for reelection, municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan, though most candidates in San Francisco do receive funding and support from various political parties. The election was held using ranked-choice voting, district 2 consists of the Marina, Pacific Heights, the Presidio, part of Russian Hill, and Sea Cliff. Incumbent supervisor Michela Alioto-Pier was termed out of office, district 4 consists primarily of the Sunset district. Incumbent supervisor Carmen Chu ran for reelection unopposed, district 6 consists of Alcatraz Island, Civic Center, Mission Bay, South of Market, the Tenderloin, Treasure Island, and Yerba Buena Island. Incumbent supervisor Chris Daly was termed out of office, district 8 consists of The Castro, Diamond Heights, Duboce Triangle, Eureka Valley, Glen Park, and Noe Valley. Incumbent supervisor Bevan Dufty was termed out of office, district 10 consists of Bayview-Hunters Point, McLaren Park, part of the Portola, Potrero Hill, and Visitacion Valley. Incumbent supervisor Sophie Maxwell was termed out of office
San Francisco Board of Supervisors elections, 2010
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Elections in California
23.
Instant-runoff voting
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Instant-runoff voting, also known as the alternative vote or transferable vote, is a voting method used in single-seat elections when there are more than two candidates. Instead of voting only for a candidate, in IRV. Ballots are initially counted for each electors top choice, if a candidate secures more than half of these votes, that candidate wins. Otherwise, the candidate in last place is eliminated and removed from consideration, the top remaining choices on all the ballots are then counted again. This process repeats until one candidate is the top remaining choice of a majority of the voters, when the field is reduced to two, it has become an instant runoff that allows a comparison of the top two candidates head-to-head. IRV has the effect of avoiding split votes when multiple candidates earn support from like-minded voters. For example, suppose there are two similar candidates A & B, and an opposing candidate C, with first-preference vote totals of 35% for candidate A, 25% for B. In a plurality voting method, candidate C may win with 40% of the votes, alternatively, voters are pressured to choose the seemingly stronger candidate of either A or B, despite personal preference for the other, in order to help ensure the defeat of C. With IRV, the electors backing B as their first choice can rank A second, instant-runoff voting is used in national elections in several countries. The method is used in local elections around the world, as well as by some political parties. IRV is described in Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised, instant-runoff voting derives its name from the way the ballot count simulates a series of runoffs, similar to a two-round system, except that voter preferences do not change between rounds. It is also known as the vote, transferable vote, ranked-choice voting, single-seat ranked-choice voting. Britons and Canadians generally call IRV the Alternative Vote, australians, who use IRV for most single winner elections, call IRV preferential voting, as does Roberts Rules of Order. IRV occasionally is referred to as Wares method after its inventor, when the single transferable vote method is applied to a single-winner election it becomes IRV. North Carolina law uses instant runoff to describe the contingent vote or batch elimination form of IRV in one-seat elections, a single second round of counting produces the top two candidates for a runoff election. There are a number of variations in IRV, IRV methods in use in different countries vary both as to ballot design and as to whether or not voters are obliged to provide a full list of preferences. In an optional preferential voting system, voters can give a preference to as candidates as they wish. They may make only a choice, known as bullet voting
Instant-runoff voting
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Optical scan IRV ballot
Instant-runoff voting
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Example instant-runoff voting ballot
24.
Jane Kim
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Jane Kim is an American civil rights attorney and politician, the first Korean American elected official in San Francisco. She represents San Franciscos District 6 on the Board of Supervisors, District 6 includes Union Square, Tenderloin, Civic Center, Mid-Market, Cathedral Hill, South of Market, South Beach, Mission Bay, Treasure Island, Yerba Buena Island, and Alcatraz. Prior to her election to the Board of Supervisors, Kim served as member and her grandfather was a prominent prosecutor in Seoul, and her father served the District Attorneys office in New York as a prosecutor. Kim grew up learning both the English and Korean language, at age 14, Kim began studying taekwondo, eventually earning a black belt. She was involved with community activism, especially the issue of homelessness and she decided in high school to stop reciting the Pledge of Allegiance—she rejected the Pledge words with liberty and justice for all because that goal was not available to all Americans. Kim graduated from Stanford University with a degree in Political Science. She settled in San Francisco in the late 1990s and in 2005 enrolled in the UC Berkeley School of Law, Kim earned a law degree, and was admitted to the State Bar of California in December 2009. After finishing her Stanford studies, Kim worked as an advocate at Greenlining Institute in Berkeley. She interviewed with Reverend Norman Fong, the leader of the Chinatown Community Development Center in 2000, Fong was doubtful she would fit the position of youth organizer, as she did not speak any Chinese. However, Kim successfully led an effort of San Francisco Chinatown youth cleaning up alleyways. Through her community organization efforts, she met power broker Rose Pak, in 2005 Kim was elected president of the San Francisco Peoples Organization, made up of many left-wing political groups. SFPO worked against several California ballot propositions in November 2005, and assisted with health care, in 2003 while campaigning for Green Party mayoral candidate Matt Gonzalez, Kim felt too few female Asian Americans were engaged in San Francisco politics. In 2004, she decided to run for the San Francisco Board of Education, in 2006, Kim mounted a stronger campaign. She was endorsed by politicians, unions, community groups and media. In 2007 when she was sworn in she became the first Korean American elected official in San Francisco, Kims election was part of a progressive shift in the school board. Fellow Green Mark Sanchez served as president and progressive Kim-Shree Maufas was also elected. In 2006, the board took up the issue of whether to continue the 90-year-old Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps program in San Francisco high schools. The board voted to phase out the JROTC program over two years, in December 2006, previous to taking office, Kim learned about a death threat against her that was sent from a JROTC cadet to his friend on Facebook
Jane Kim
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Kim in 2006
Jane Kim
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Jane Kim
Jane Kim
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Kim joining the San Francisco Board of Education. She became the first Korean American elected official in the city's history.
Jane Kim
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CounterPULSE! Executive Artistic Director Jessica Robinson Love stands with San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee and Supervisor Kim. CounterPULSE! is a non-profit arts venue in Kim's district.
25.
Fox News Channel
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Fox News, officially known as the Fox News Channel, is an American basic cable and satellite news television channel that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. As of February 2015, approximately 94,700,000 American households receive the Fox News Channel, the channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York City, New York. The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch, who hired former Republican Party media consultant and it launched on October 7,1996, to 17 million cable subscribers. It grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become a dominant cable news network in the United States, Rupert Murdoch is the current chairman and acting CEO of Fox News. Fox News Channel has been accused of biased reporting and promoting the Republican Party, critics have cited the channel as detrimental to the integrity of news overall. Fox News Channel employees have responded that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and commentary programming, in July 1985, 20th Century Fox announced that Murdoch had completed his purchase of 50 percent of Fox Filmed Entertainment, the parent company of 20th Century Fox Film Corporation. A year later, 20th Century Fox earned $5.6 million in its third period ended May 31,1986. Prior to founding FNC, Murdoch had gained experience in the 24-hour news business when News Corporations BSkyB subsidiary began Europes first 24-hour news channel in the United Kingdom in 1989, in February 1996, after former U. S. Republican Party political strategist and NBC executive Roger Ailes left cable television channel Americas Talking, Ailes demanded five months of 14-hour workdays and several weeks of rehearsal shows before its launch on October 7,1996. At its debut 17 million households were able to watch FNC, however, it was absent from the markets of New York City. Rolling news coverage during the day consisted of 20-minute single-topic shows such as Fox on Crime or Fox on Politics, interviews featured facts at the bottom of the screen about the topic or the guest. The flagship newscast at the time was The Schneider Report, with Mike Schneiders fast-paced delivery of the news, during the evening, Fox featured opinion shows, The OReilly Report, The Crier Report and Hannity & Colmes. From the beginning, FNC has placed emphasis on visual presentation. Graphics were designed to be colorful and attention-getting, this helped the viewer to grasp the main points of what was being said, Fox News also created the Fox News Alert, which interrupted its regular programming when a breaking news story occurred. To accelerate its adoption by cable providers, Fox News paid systems up to $11 per subscriber to distribute the channel and this contrasted with the normal practice, in which cable operators paid stations carriage fees for programming. Time Warner selected MSNBC as the news channel, not Fox News. Fox News claimed that this violated an agreement, citing its agreement to keep its U. S. City officials threatened to take action affecting Time Warners cable franchises in the city, during the September 11,2001 attacks, Fox News was the first news organization to run a news ticker on the bottom of the screen to keep up with the flow of information that day
Fox News Channel
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Saint Anselm College Quad with the "Fox-Box", from which the network reported live during the 2004 and 2008 New Hampshire primaries
Fox News Channel
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Fox News Channel
Fox News Channel
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FNC's newsroom, November 15, 2007.
Fox News Channel
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FNC airport newsstand at Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport
26.
Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)
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William James Bill OReilly Jr. is an American television host, author, journalist, syndicated columnist, and political commentator. He is the host of the political commentary program The OReilly Factor on the Fox News Channel, during the late 1970s and 1980s, he worked as a news reporter for various local television stations in the United States and eventually for CBS News and ABC News. From 1989 to 1995, he was anchor of the magazine program Inside Edition. OReilly is widely considered a conservative commentator, although some of his positions diverge from conservative orthodoxy, OReilly is registered as a member of the Independence Party of New York, and was formerly registered as a Republican and characterizes himself as a traditionalist. OReilly is the author of over a dozen books, and hosted The Radio Factor until early 2009. During OReillys tenure at Fox News, he has accused of sexual harassment. As of April 2017, Fox News and OReilly have paid out more than $13 million to settle these accusations, OReilly is of Irish descent, along with a small amount of English ancestry. Some of his fathers ancestors lived in County Cavan, Ireland, since the eighteenth century. The OReilly family lived in an apartment in Fort Lee, New Jersey. In 1951 his family moved to Levittown, on Long Island and he attended St. Brigid parochial school in Westbury, and Chaminade High School, a private Catholic boys high school in Mineola. His father wanted him to attend Chaminade, but OReilly wanted to attend W. Tresper Clarke High School, Bill OReilly played Little League baseball and was the goalie on the Chaminade varsity hockey team. During his high school years, OReilly met future pop-singer icon Billy Joel, OReilly recollected in an interview with Michael Kay on the YES Network show CenterStage that Joel was in the Hicksville section—the same age as me—and he was a hood. He used to slick it back like this, and we knew him, because his guys would smoke and this and that, and we were more jocks. After graduating from school in 1967, OReilly attended Marist College in Poughkeepsie, New York. While at Marist, OReilly played punter in the National Club Football Association and was also a writer for the schools newspaper, an honors student, he majored in history. He spent his year of college abroad, attending Queen Mary College at the University of London. OReilly received his bachelor of degree in history in 1971. He played semi-professional baseball during this time as a pitcher for the New York Monarchs, after graduating from Marist College, OReilly moved to Miami, where he taught English and history at Monsignor Pace High School from 1970 to 1972
Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)
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Bill O'Reilly at a Hudson Union Society event in September 2010
Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)
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O'Reilly in Philadelphia, 2010
27.
Shooting of Kathryn Steinle
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On July 1,2015, a man fired a stolen gun on Pier 14 in the Embarcadero district in San Francisco, California. The bullet ricocheted off the pavement, then struck 32-year-old Kathryn Steinle in the back, juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, an illegal immigrant from Mexico who had previously been deported five times, was arrested and charged with her murder. The shooting sparked controversy and political debate over San Franciscos status as a sanctuary city. At 6,30 p. m. on July 1,2015, one of the bullets struck Steinle in the back and pierced her aorta. She collapsed to the pavement while screaming for help to her father Jim, Jim performed CPR on Kathryn before paramedics arrived and took her to an ambulance. She died two hours later at San Francisco General Hospital, Sanchez was arrested about an hour after the shooting at Pier 40, about one mile south of Pier 14 and divers from a police boat found the gun in the bay alongside Pier 14, the next day. Following his arrest, Sanchez was booked into San Francisco County Jail on suspicion of murder, the gun used by Sánchez had been stolen in downtown San Francisco from a Bureau of Land Management officers personal vehicle on June 27,2015, according to the Bureau of Land Management. The cars window had been broken, Kathryn Michelle Kate Steinle was originally from Pleasanton, California, and graduated from Amador Valley High School and earned a communications degree from California Polytechnic State University. She was employed at Medtronic in San Francisco and was living on Beale Street, close to Pier 14 and her funeral was held at a winery in Pleasanton, California on July 9. Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, of Guanajuato, Mexico, had been deported from the U. S. a total of five times and he was on probation in Texas at the time of the shooting. When he was apprehended, Sanchez was listed as 45 years old by police, Sanchez arrived to the U. S. sometime before 1991, the year he was convicted of his first drug charge in Arizona. In 1993, he was convicted three times in Washington state for felony possession and manufacturing narcotics. Following another drug conviction and jail term, this time in Oregon, however, Sanchez returned to the U. S. within two years and was convicted again of heroin possession in Washington state. He was deported for the time in 1997. On February 2,1998, Sanchez was deported for the third time, United States Border Patrol caught him six days later at a border crossing, and a federal court sentenced Sanchez to five years and three months in federal prison for unauthorized reentry. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, formerly INS, deported Sanchez in 2003 for his fourth deportation, however, he reentered the U. S. through the Texas border and got another federal prison sentence for reentry before being deported for the fifth time in June 2009. Less than three months after his deportation, Sanchez was caught attempting to cross the border in Eagle Pass. He pleaded guilty to felony reentry, upon sentencing, a federal court recommended Sanchez be placed in a medical facility as soon as possible
Shooting of Kathryn Steinle
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Pier 14, site of the shooting.
28.
Workers' compensation
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The trade-off between assured, limited coverage and lack of recourse outside the worker compensation system is known as the compensation bargain. One of the problems that the compensation bargain solved is the problem of becoming insolvent as a result of high damage awards. The system of collective liability was created to prevent that, individual immunity is the necessary corollary to collective liability. General damage for pain and suffering, and punitive damages for negligence, are generally not available in workers compensation plans. These laws were first enacted in Europe and Oceania, with the United States following shortly thereafter and these laws also provide benefits for dependents of those workers who are killed in work-related accidents or illnesses. Some laws also protect employers and fellow workers by limiting the amount an injured employee can recover from an employer, State statutes establish this framework for most employment. Federal statutes are limited to employees or those workers employed in some significant aspect of interstate commerce. As Australia experienced a relatively influential labour movement in the late 19th, each territory has its own legislation and its own governing body. A typical example is Work Safe Victoria, which manages Victorias workplace safety system, Compensation law in New South Wales has recently been overhauled by the state government. In a push to speed up the process of claims and to reduce the amount of claims and it is a public institution that aims to recognize and grant rights to its policyholders. During the first 15 days the workers salary is paid by the employer and after that by the INSS, Workers compensation was Canadas first social program to be introduced as it was favoured by both workers groups and employers hoping to avoid lawsuits. It was introduced in the provinces at different dates. Ontario was first in 1915, Manitoba in 1916, and British Columbia in 1917 and it remains a provincial responsibility and thus the rules vary from province to province. In some provinces, such as Ontarios Workplace Safety and Insurance Board, in British Columbia, the occupational health and safety mandate is legislatively assigned to the Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia WorkSafeBC. In most provinces the workers compensation board or commission remains concerned solely with insurance, the workers compensation insurance system in every province is funded by employers based on their payroll, industry sector and history of injuries in their workplace. The German workers compensation law of 6 July 1884, initiated by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, was passed only three attempts and was the first of its kind in the world. Similar laws passed in Austria in 1887, Norway in 1894, Workers who are totally disabled get continued benefits at 67 percent after 13 weeks, paid by the accident funds, financed entirely by employers. The German compensation system has taken as a model for many nations
Workers' compensation
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Dangerous tasks are common in the construction workplace
Workers' compensation
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General topics
29.
London Breed
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London Nicole Breed is an American elected official in San Francisco, California. She serves as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing Supervisorial District 5, Breed was raised by her grandmother in public housing in the Western Addition. She is a graduate of Galileo High School, Breed earned a bachelors degree from the University of California Davis in 1997 and a masters degree in public administration from the University of San Francisco in 2012. Breed was named to the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency Commission in 2004, in 2010, Mayor Gavin Newsom appointed her to the San Francisco Fire Commission. She is Mayor Ed Lees closest ally on the Board of Supervisors, Breed authored legislation to allow the San Francisco City Attorney to pursue civil damages against graffiti taggers, instead of solely relying on criminal prosecutions to punish taggers. In 2016, City Attorney Dennis Herrera used these new penalties to win a civil judgment against serial tagger Terry Cozy that resulted in a $217,831.64 fine. On January 8,2015 Breed was elected president of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, defeating fellow supervisor David Campos and she was re-elected to another two year term as president on January 9,2017. After the shooting of Mario Woods by San Francisco police officers, Breed, in February 2016, Breed announced her re-election bid to represent District 5. The top issues she identified in her announcement were development, public safety, environmental health and she is running against Dean Preston, a tenant rights lawyer and advocate for affordable housing rights
London Breed
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District 1 Eric Mar District 7 Norman Yee
30.
Mark Farrell (politician)
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Mark Farrell is an American elected official in San Francisco, California. He serves as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing Supervisorial District 2. District 2 includes the neighborhoods of Marina, Cow Hollow, Pacific Heights, Seacliff, Lake District, Presidio Heights, Jordan Park, Laurel Heights, Presidio, Supervisor Farrell is a born and raised San Franciscan, and grew up in the neighborhoods of District 2. Prior to his election to the Board of Supervisors, he served as a director of Quest Hospitality Ventures. Supervisor Farrell was first elected in November 2010 by the voters of District 2, city law, stricter than state law, holds candidates personally responsible for staff as well as themselves, whether they knew about the illegal communication or not. In addition, Supervisor Farrell created a partnership between the San Francisco non-profit Kiva. Mark Farrell introduced an ordinance in 2015, that placed onerous regulations on the only firearm retailer in the city, High Bridge Arms. Farrell told the San Francisco Chronicle, “From my perspective, if the last gun store in San Francisco wants to close its doors because of my legislation, office of Supervisor Mark Farrell Campaign website
Mark Farrell (politician)
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District 1 Eric Mar District 7 Norman Yee
31.
Aaron Peskin
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Aaron Peskin is an American elected official in San Francisco, California. He serves as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing Supervisorial District 3 and he was elected in 2015, having previously served two terms in 2001–2009. In January 2005, his colleagues elected him president of the board and he was head of the San Francisco Democratic Party Central Committee from 2008 to 2012. District 3 includes the neighborhoods of North Beach, Chinatown, Telegraph Hill, North Waterfront, Financial District, Nob Hill, Union Square, Maiden Lane, Peskin was born and raised in Berkeley. His mother, Tsipora, an emigrant from Israel, taught at UC Berkeley, his father and he is married to land-use attorney Nancy Shanahan. Before entering politics, Peskin was an environmental activist and water-rights negotiator for an organization which brokered passage. He first came to notice as president of the Telegraph Hill Dwellers. He is a member of the South End Rowing Club and an avid outdoorsman, Peskin can be seen most mornings in his Speedo swimming in the San Francisco Bay. He reassured San Franciscans after the 2007 Cosco Busan oil spill that the water was safe by stripping down to his Speedo and going for a dip in front of a local television news crew. As Supervisor he is mostly for siding with a self-described progressive majority on development issues, often being at odds with the policies of mayors Gavin Newsom. In office, Peskin wrote and won approval for 205 ordinances during his eight years on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, Peskin was first elected in December 2000, along with other progressive neighborhood activists who had gained their first significant political experience on Tom Ammianos mayoral campaign. When he was sworn into office, he described District 3 as the room of San Francisco. In 2004, Peskin was unanimously elected President of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and he also served as a member of the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, an agency responsible for regulating development in, on and immediately surrounding the San Francisco Bay. When he came to the end of his term in 2008 he supported David Chius successful campaign for the District 3 seat on the Board of Supervisors. San Francisco restricts supervisors to a maxiumum of two consecutive terms and he was then elected chair of the San Francisco Democratic Party Central Committee, the local partys governing board. Peskin held this seat until 2012, on March 30,2015, Peskin announced that he would be a candidate for his old District 3 Supervisors seat, challenging appointed incumbent Julie Christensen. While Peskin had previously served San Franciscos maximum of two terms as a supervisor from 2000 to 2008, the city code is silent on non-consecutive terms. Since his first days in office Peskin has been known as a neighborhood preservationist, in 2005, he prevented the conversion of hotel rooms by several San Francisco hotels into condominiums
Aaron Peskin
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Aaron Peskin (2013)
Aaron Peskin
32.
Katy Tang
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Katy Tang is an American elected official in San Francisco, California. She serves as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing Supervisorial District 4, District 4 includes the neighborhoods of Central Sunset, Outer Sunset, Parkside, Outer Parkside, and Pine Lake Park. Tang was born in New York to immigrant parents from Taiwan and she grew up in the Sunset District, attended Lowell High School, and graduated from University of California, Davis with a double B. A. in 3 years. She is also a graduate of the University of San Francisco School of Law, Tang was appointed to the Board of Supervisors in February 2013 and then elected in two subsequent elections in November 2013 and November 2014. On the Board of Supervisors, Tang has advocated for supporting housing opportunities for middle-income families and she has also worked with the city’s Shelter Monitoring Committee to prevent victims of domestic violence from being denied shelter services. As an animal advocate, Tang worked to ensure that the city will build a new animal shelter that will adequately serve the needs of the animals. She also hosts an event in her office each year in partnership with SF Animal Care & Control. In 2015, Tang sponsored legislation to ban the performance of wild or exotic animals in San Francisco for entertainment purposes, tang’s office hosts a District 4 Youth Job Fair each year to pair students with local Sunset businesses. History of the Chinese Americans in San Francisco Official website
Katy Tang
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District 1 Eric Mar District 7 Norman Yee
33.
San Francisco City Hall
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San Francisco City Hall is the seat of government for the City and County of San Francisco, California. The structures dome is taller than that of the United States Capitol by 42 feet, the present building replaced an earlier City Hall that was destroyed during the 1906 earthquake, which was two blocks from the present one. It was bounded by Larkin Street, McAllister Street, and City Hall Avenue, largely where the current Public Library and U. N. Plaza stand today. The principal architect was Arthur Brown, Jr. of Bakewell & Brown, whose attention to the finishing details extended to the doorknobs, browns blueprints of the building are preserved at the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley. Brown also designed the San Francisco War Memorial Opera House, Veterans Building, Temple Emanuel, Coit Tower, the buildings vast open space is more than 500,000 square feet and occupying two full city blocks. It is 390 ft between Van Ness Avenue and Polk Street, and 273 ft between Grove and McAllister Streets and its dome, which owes much to Mansarts Baroque domes of the Val-de-Grâce and Les Invalides in Paris, rises 307.5 ft above the Civic Center Historic District. It is 19 ft higher than the United States Capitol, and has a diameter of 112 ft, resting upon 4 x 50 ton and 4 x 20 ton girders, each 9 ft deep and 60 ft. The building as a whole contains 7,900 tons of steel from the American Bridge Company of Ambridge. It is faced with Madera County granite on the exterior, and Indiana sandstone within, together with finish marbles from Alabama, Colorado, Vermont, much of the statuary is by Henri Crenier. The Rotunda is a space and the upper levels are public. Opposite the grand staircase, on the floor, is the office of the Mayor. A bust of former county supervisor Harvey Milk, who was assassinated in the building was unveiled on May 22,2008, MAYOR1931 The words were written by the previous Mayor Edward Robeson Taylor, and dedicated by Mayor James Rolph. The medallions in the vaults of the Rotunda are of Equality, Liberty, Strength, Learning and, as memorialized in the South Light Court display, Progress. The current City Hall building is a replacement for a building which was completed in 1899 after 27 years of planning. The original city hall was a larger building which also contained a smaller extension which contained the citys Hall of Records. The building was destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, after Arthur Brown Juniors design was selected, construction started in 1913 and was completed by 1915, in time for the Exposition. The main rotunda had also served as the location of prominent state funerals. General Fredrick Funston, hero of the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, joe DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe were married at City Hall in 1954
San Francisco City Hall
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San Francisco City Hall
San Francisco City Hall
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San Francisco's City Hall as seen from the plaza across the street
San Francisco City Hall
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City Hall at night, as seen from Davies Symphony Hall
San Francisco City Hall
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Interior stairs lead to the Board of Supervisor's meeting chamber
34.
Government of San Francisco
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It is the only consolidated city-county in California, and one of only thirteen charter counties of California. The fiscal year 2007–08 city and county budget was approximately $6 billion, San Francisco utilizes the strong mayor form of mayoral/council government, composed of the mayor, Board of Supervisors, several elected officers, and numerous other entities. San Francisco voters use ranked-choice voting to elect the mayor, supervisors, the Mayor of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the city and county government. The mayor serves a term and is limited to two successive terms. If the mayor dies or resigns, the President of the Board of Supervisors assumes the office, the Board of Supervisors is headed by a president and is responsible for passing laws and budgets. Proposition K - 2009-2034, Different formula for local streets and local and regional public transit, pursuant to its charter, San Francisco causes to be published several codified version of its ordinances and regulations, the San Francisco Municipal Codes. Every act prohibited or declared unlawful, and every failure to perform an act required, by the ordinances are misdemeanor crimes, San Franciscans also make use of direct ballot initiatives to pass legislation. In addition, several regional governmental units in San Francisco operate independently of the municipal government, there are several school districts that are co-extensive with San Francisco. The San Francisco Unified School District is governed by the elected seven-member San Francisco Board of Education, the community college district of the City College of San Francisco is governed by an elected seven-member Board of Trustees. Also notable are the independent police forces of the University of California, San Francisco and the Park Police of the Presidio Trust and the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The San Francisco Democratic Central Committee, the body of the San Francisco Democratic Party, is a county central committee of the California Democratic Party for San Francisco. The SFDCC is elected from the two Assembly districts in San Francisco and consists of 24 members, with a 14/10 member split between the two Assembly districts based on number of registered Democrats
Government of San Francisco
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Ed Lee Mayor
Government of San Francisco
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San Francisco City Hall
Government of San Francisco
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Eric Mar Supervisor, District 1
Government of San Francisco
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Mark Farrell Supervisor, District 2
35.
Malia Cohen
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Malia Cohen is an American elected official in San Francisco, California. She serves as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing Supervisorial District 10, born in the Richmond District and a graduate of Lowell High School, she resides in the Potrero Hill neighborhood. Cohen received her B. A. in Political Science from Fisk University, in the 2010 election, she initially finished third out of a field of 22, but eventually won the election based on ranked choice voting. In October 2013, Cohen introduced legislation that expanded an existing San Francisco law making it illegal to sell firearms with magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds. In 2014, Cohen was re-elected for a term to represent District 10 after being challenged by Marlene Tran. In 2015, Cohen publicly defended San Franciscos sanctuary city Laws, after the shooting death of Kathryn Steinle by an undocumented immigrant, OReilly had been critical of San Francisco and its elected officials. OReilly said that Cohen should be placed under arrest for her comments defending San Franciscos Sanctuary City Policy and she married Warren Pulley in 2016, a workers compensation attorney. Office of Supervisor Malia Cohen Campaign website
Malia Cohen
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District 1 Eric Mar District 7 Norman Yee
