The Muisca inhabited the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Colombian Andes before the arrival of the Spanish and were an advanced civilisation. They mummified the higher social class members of their society, mainly the zipas, zaques, caciques, priests and their families. The mummies would be placed in caves or in dedicated houses ("mausoleums") and were not buried.
The oldest mummies of South America come from the northern Chilean Chinchorro culture
The mummies of the higher classes were decorated with golden crowns, earrings and noserings
Small ceramic pots filled with food accompanied the mummies in their journey to the afterlife
When the Spanish entered the sacred Sun Temple of Sogamoso in September 1537, they found mummies sitting on elevated platforms inside
The Altiplano Cundiboyacense is a high plateau located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes covering parts of the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá. The altiplano corresponds to the ancient territory of the Muisca. The Altiplano Cundiboyacense comprises three distinctive flat regions; the Bogotá savanna, the valleys of Ubaté and Chiquinquirá, and the valleys of Duitama and Sogamoso. The average altitude of the altiplano is about 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) above sea level but ranges from roughly 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).
Typical landscape of the Altiplano, near Arcabuco, Boyacá
Panorama of the Iraca Valley of Sogamoso (foreground)–Duitama (left)
Panorama of the Playa de los Frailejones on the Ocetá Páramo
Northern South America around 90 Mya